HomeMy WebLinkAboutGreene Comp PlanWNSHIP FRANKLIN COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE Adopted JULY 12,1994 .. xtract_FranklinCouŸ?Ÿ?1667??.pdf?Ÿ?Ÿ?Ÿ?Ÿ?????
RESOLUTION NO. 5 -1334 A. RESOLUTION OF THE EoAm OF SUPERVISORS OF THE TOWNSHIP OF GREENE, FRANKLIN COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, TO ADOPT A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR GREENE TOWWNSHIP. WHEREAS,
G r e e n e Township e n g a g e d Nas~,aux-Hemsley, I n c o r p o r a t e d as a c o n s u l t a n t t o u p d a t e the T o w n s h i p ' s C o m p r e h e n s i v e P l a n on J u
n e 23, 1333; WHEREAS, the Township P l a n n i n g Commission h e l d a p u b l i c m e e t i n g on t h e p r e l i m i n a r y d r a f t of the C o m p r e h e n s i v e P l a n Update
on March 3, 1334; WHEREAS, Nassaii:.:-Hemsley, I n c o r p o r a t e d p r e s e n t e d t o t h e Township its f i n a l r e p o r t e n t i t l e d "Greene Township C o m p r e h e
n s i v e P l a n U p d a t e , flay 4, 1334", as the p r o p o s e d amendment t o the C o m p r e h e n s i v e P l a n for G r e e n e Township ; WHEREAS, the Township Board o f S
u p e r v i s o r s h e l d a p u b l i c h e a r i n g on the p r o p o s e d C o m p r e h e n s i v v e P l a n Update on J u l y 12, 1 3 3 4 ; a n d WHEREAS, the Township Board of
S u p e r v i s o r s d e s i r e s t o a d o p t t h e p r o p o s e d C o m p r e h e n s i v e P l a n U p d a t e i n c l u d i n g a l l maps, c h a r t s and t e x t t h e r e
i n i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h S e c t i o n 302 ic:) o f t h e P e n n s y l v a n i a M u n i c i p a l i t i e s P l a n n i n g Cod e. NOW THEREFURE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Board
o f S u p e r v i s o r s of the Township of G r e e n e , F r a n k 1 i n Coirn t y , P e n n s y l v a n ia, it h e r e b y a d o p t s t h e C o m p r e h e n s i v e P l a n for
G r e e n e Townc,hip and makes t h i s a c t i o n p a r t of t h e C o m p r e h e n s i v e P l a n U p d a t e by r e c o r d i n g it w i t h i n the a d o p t e d document. DULY
AIIOPTEII t h i s 12th day o f July , 1334, by the Board o f S u p e r v i s o r s o f the Township o f Greene, F r a n k l i n County, P e n n s y l v a n i a . I.," . GREENE TOWNSHIP
B o A m OF SUPERVISORS 1'
GREENE "OWNSHIP, FRANKLIN COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS Richard P. Kramer, Chairman Jack W. Furry, Vice Chairman Paul B. Ambrose, Supervisor Barbara R. Gladfelter, Secretary Welton J.
Fischer, Solicitor PLANNING COMMISSION Glenn 0. Shetter, Chairman James W. King, Vice Chairman Gerald F. Peters, Member Jay P. Fickes, Member Thomas R. Diehl, Member Marvin K. Borror,
Zoning Officer Nassau-Hemsley, Inc. PlannerEngineer
GREENE TOWNSHIP COMPREHENSIVE PLAN UPDATE 'I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 -INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE AND CONTENT OF THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 1.2 PREVIOUS COMPREHENSIVE
PLANNING 1.3 USES OF A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 1.4 LEGAL STATUS OF A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 1.5 IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 1.6 SEQUENCE OF UPDATE REPORT CHAPTER 2 -HISTORY AND REGIONAL
SETTING 2.1 TOWNSHIP HISTORY 2.2 REGIONAL SETTING CHAPTER 3 -DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 STATE, COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP TRENDS 3.3 REGIONAL TRENDS 3.4 POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS
3.4.1 Composition and Age Structure 3.4.2 Educational Attainment 3.4.3 Family/Household Characteristics 3.5 POPULATION PROJECTIONS 3.6 ALTERNATIVE GROWTH SCENARIOS 3.7 SELECTED POPULATION
AND HOUSING FORECAST 3.8 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER 4 -ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 4.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2 REGIONAL INFLUENCES 4.2.1 Letterkenny Army Depot (LEAD) 4.3 JOURNEY TO
WORK CHARACTERISTICS 4.4 INCOME CHARACTERISTICS 4.5 EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS 4.5.1 4.5.1 Labor Force Characteristics 4.5.2 Employment by Industry 4.6 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) I I I I I I I I I I I II 1 I I CHAPTER 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 CHAPTER 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 -HOUSING ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION
HOUSING INVENTORY HOUSING TYPES HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS 5.4.1 Introduction 5.4.2 Size of Housing 5.4.3 Age of Housing 5.4.4 Utilities in Housing HOUSING VALUES AND RENTAL RATES HOUSING
COSTS SUBSIDIZED HOUSING PROJECTED HOUSING UNITS AND TYPES SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS -NATURAL FEATURES ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION CLIMATE 6.2.1 Precipitation PHYSIOGRAPHY/TOPOGRHY
6.3.1 Slope SOILS 6.4.1 Soil Limitations for Land Development 6.4.2 GEOLOGY 6.5.1 Geologic Hazards WATER RESOURCES 6.6.1 Watersheds 6.6.2 Surface Water Resources 6.6.3 Groundwater Resources
FLOODPLAINS WETLANDS AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES 6.9.1 Prime Agricultural Lands 6.9.2 Agricultural Security Areas 6.9.3 Agricultural Conservation Easements Hydric Classification for Select
Soils ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) I I I I I I I I I I I 6.10 WILDLIFE AND PLANT RESOURCES 6.11 MINERAL RESOURCES 6.12 AIR QUALITY 6.13 ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS 6.13.1 Steep Slopes
6.13.2 Floodplains 6.13.3 Soil Limitations 6.13.4 Wetlands and Hydric Soils 6.13.5 Karst Related Hazards 6.13.6 Composite Environmental Constraints 6.14 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 7 -LAND USE ANALYSIS 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 EXISTING DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS 7.3 EXISTING LAND USE 7.3.1 Agriculture/Open Space 7.3.2 Woodland 7.3.3 Residential 7.3.4 Public/Quasi
Public 7.3.5 Commercial 7.3.6 Industrial 7.3.7 Rights-of-way 7.3.8 Total Acreage 7*4 EVALUATION OF LAND USE TRENDS 7.5 AGRICULTURAL LAND PROTECTION PROGRAMS 7.5.1 Differential Assessment
7.5.2 Agricultural Security Areas 7.5.3 Agricultural Conservation Easements 7.6.1 The National Register 7.7.1 Zoning Districts 7.7.2 Land Use and Zoning Compatibility 7.6 HISTORIC RESOURCES
7*7 EXISTING ZONING 7.8 NON-CONFORMING USES I I iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 7.9 7.10 7.11 CHAPTER 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12 PROJECTED FUTURE LAND USE NEEDS 7.9.1 Future Residential
Development 7.9.2 Future Commercial and Industrial D8-velI 7.9.3 Future Community Development POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS pment 8 -COMMUNITY FACILITIES
AND UTILITIES ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS 8.2.1 Community Water Systems 8.2.3 Private Groundwater Supplies 8.2.4 Water for Fire Protection SANITARY SYSTEMS 8.3.1 Municipal
Sewage Collection/Treatment Systems 8.3.2 On-Site Sewage Systems MISCELLANEOUS UTILITY SERVICES 8.4.1 Electric Power Service 8.4.2 Natural Gas Service 8.4.3 Telephone Service 8.4.4 Television
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 8.5.1 Waste Generation, Collection and Disposal 8.5.2 Recycling EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES 8.6.1 Public Elementary and Secondary Schools 8.6.2 Historical Enrollment
Patterns 8.6.3 Projected Public School Enrollment 8.6.4 Non-Public School Enrollment 8.6.5 School Facilities Master Plan 8.6.6 Higher Education RECREATION FACILITIES AND SERVICES MEDICAL
FACILITIES POLICE AND FIRE PROTECTION LIBRARY FACILITIES MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS iv
1 i I TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) 1 I I /I I I I D /I I I D I 1 CHAPTER 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9 -TFUWSPORTATION INTRODUCTION TRAFFIC GENERATORS EXISTING
ROADWAY NETWORK TRAFFIC VOLUMES TRAFFIC VOLUME TRENDS FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM VOLUME/CAPACITY AND LEVEL OF SERVICE 9.7.1 Accident Analysis RECENT TRANSPORTATION
STUDIES 9.8.1 US Route 30 9.8.2 1-81 Additional Interchange 9.8.3 Government Policy and Land Use Change along State Highways -A Case Study of the Route 997 Corridor PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES
9.9.1 Chambersburg Transit Authority 9.9.2 Franklin County Integrated Transportation RAIL TRANSPORTATION AIR TRANSPORTATION IMPROVEMENT PLANS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS CHAPTER
10 -TOWNSHIP GOVERNMENT AND FINANCES 10.1 TOWNSHIP GOVERNMENT 10.2 TOWNSHIP FINANCES 10.2.1 Annual Budget Summary 10.2.2 Annual Audit Trends 10.3 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 11 -PLANNING CONSISTENCY WITH SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES 11.0 INTRODUCTION 11.1 CONSISTENCY EVALUATION 11.1.1 Southampton Township, Franklin County 11.1.2 Guilford Township 11.1.3
Borough of Chambersburg 11.1.4 Hamilton Township 11.1.5 Letterkenny Township 11.1.6 Adams County I D V
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) 1 I I 1 I I I I I 1 /I CHAPTER 12 -STATEMENT OF GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 12.1 GENERAL GOALS 12.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 12.2.1 Future Land Use 12.2.2 Housing 12.2.3
Transportation 12.2.4 Community Facilities 12.2.5 Utility Services 12.2.6 Resource Conservation 12.3.1 Residential Neighborhoods 12.3.2 Public Service Facilities 12.3.3 Regional Business
Area 12.3.4 Regional Recreation, Education and Cultural 12.3.5 Industrial Areas 12.3 LOCATION CRITERIA Facilities 12 . 4 AREA REQUIREMENTS CHAPTER 13 -POLICY PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS 13.1.1
Residential 13.1.2 Commercial 13.1.3 Industrial 13.1 FUTURE LAND USE 13.2 HOUSING 13.3 FUTURE TRANSPORTATION 13.4 COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND UTILITY SERVICES 13.5 RESOURCE CONSERVATION
I I I vi
LIST OF MAPS ‘I I 1 I I I 1 1 I I I I Number 2-1 6-1 6-2 6-3 6-4.1 6-4.2 6-5 6-6 6-7 6-8 6-9 7-1 7-2 7-3 7-4 8-1 8-2 8-3 9-1 9-2 9-3 Title Regional Location Topography and Slope Categories
Soil Associations Soil Suitability for On-Lot Sewage Systems Soil Suitability for Homes 3 Stories or less with Basements Soil Suitability for Streets and Parking Lots Natural Features
Geology and Karst-related Hazards Prime Agricultural Lands Mining Operations and Mineral Resource Deposits Environmental Constraints Existing Land Use Agricultural Security Areas Zoning
Districts Potential Development Areas Water Service Areas Sewer Service Areas Community Facilities Existing Transportation Network Road System Classification and Traffic Volumes Road
System Problem Areas I I I ‘I I
I I I I I I I 8 I I I I I I I a I I I Number 3-A 3-B 3-c 3-0 3-E 3-F 3-G 3-H 3-1 3-J.l 3-J.2 4 -A 4 -B 4-c 4 -D 4 -E 4-F Tables LIST OF TABLES Title State, County and Township Historical
Population Change 1930 -1990 Population Trends for the Surrounding Municipalities 1950 -1990 Greene Township and Surrounding Municipalities, County and State Ethnic Population Breakdown
by Municipality, 1990 1990 Population by Age -Greene Township, Franklin County Greene Township Educational Attainment, 1990 Educational Attainment for Surrounding Municipalities, County
and State, 1980 and 1990 Greene Township Household and Family Characteristics, 1990 Greene Township and Surrounding Municipalities Head of Household Characteristics Greene Township Population
Projections, 2004 -2014 Greene Township Population and Housing Growth Rate Scenarios, 1994 -2004 Greene Township Population and Housing Growth Rate Scenarios, 2004 -2014 Estimated Economic
Impact of LEAD on Franklin County by Geographical Area Economic Impact of LEAD Realignment on Local School Districts Number of Employees at LEAD Responsible for Wage Taxes to Greene
Township and the Chambersburg Area School District Greene Township Travel Time to Work Characteristics, 1989 Greene Township and Surrounding Municipalities Overall Median, Median Family
and Median Non-Family Household Income, 1989 Greene Township and Surrounding Municipalities Poverty Status, 1989 Page 1
3 I I I I I I 8 I I I I 1 I 1 Number 4-G 4-H 4-1 5-A 5-B 5-c 5-D 5-E 5-F 5-G 5-H 5-1 5-5 5-K 5-L Title Greene Township and Surrounding Municipalities Labor Force Characteristics, 1990
Greene Township Employment by Industry, 1990 Greene Township Employment by Occupation, 1990 Greene Township and Surrounding Municipalities, County and State Total Housing Trends, 1970
-1990 Greene Township and Surrounding Municipalities, County and State Housing Units by Occupancy Status, 1990 Greene Township and Surrounding Municipalities, County and State Number
and Percentage of Housing Types, 1990 Greene Township and Surrounding Municipalities, County and State Number of Rooms and Persons per Room by Total Housing Units, 1990 Age of Greene
Township Housing Stock Greene Township, Franklin County and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Percentage of all Housing Units with Certain Plumbing Characteristics, 1990 Greene Township and
Surrounding Municipalities, County and State Percentage of Occupied Housing Units with Certain Fuel Characteristics, 1990 Greene Township, Franklin County and Pennsylvania Distribution
of Housing Units by Sale Value (Dollars), 1990 Greene Township, Franklin County and Pennsylvania Distribution of Housing Units by Rental Rates (Dollars), 1990 Greene Township, Franklin
County and Pennsylvania Homeowner Cost Characteristics with and without a Mortgage, 1989 Greene Township, Franklin County and Pennsylvania Rental Cost Characteristics, 1989 Greene Township
Projected Additional Housing Unit Type Distribution, 2014 Tables Page 2
I I I 8 I I I I I I /d 1 I Number 6 -A 6-B 6-C 6-D 6-E 7-A 7-B 7-c 7-D 7-E 7-F 7-G 7-H 7-1 8-A 8-B 8-C 9 -A 9-B 9-c 9-D Hydric Soils Found within Greene Township Greene Township Geologic
Formation and Physical Characteristics Greene Township Water Yield Characteristics and Quality of Groundwater Greene Township Prime Agricultural Soils Greene Township Mineral Resources
Greene Township Existing Land Use, 1993 Greene Township Land Use Comparison, 1968 -1993 Potential Historic Sites -Greene Township, Franklin County Greene Township Existing Zoning District
Distribution Activities Registered as Nonconforming Uses/Structures Greene Township Residential Land Use Projections Using Historic Trend Extrapolation Greene Township Residential Land
Use Projections Using Minimum Lot Area Regulations Estimated Employment Distribution and Relationship to Commercial and Industrial Activities Future Commercial and Industrial Land Use
Projections (in Acres) Historical Enrollment Data -Chambersburg Area School District, 1980 -1990 Projected Enrollment Data -Chambersburg Area School District, 1994 -2004 Non-Public School
Enrollment Greene Township Roadway Information Greene Township Traffic Volume Trends, 1985 -1993 Functional Classification System Service Characteristics Accident Summary Report I Tables
Page 3
Number 9-E 9-F 10-A 10-B 10-c 10-D 10-E 10-F 10-G 10-H 10-1 10-J 10-K 13-A Title U.S. Route 30 Recommended Improvements Chambersburg Municipal Airport Flight Operations Greene Township
Budget Summary Greene Township General Fund Revenues Greene Township General Fund Expenditures, 1989 -1992 Greene Township State Liquid Fuels Highway Aid Fund, 1989 -1992 Greene Township
Special Assessment Fund, 1989 -1992 Greene Township Pension Trust Fund, 1989 -1992 Greene Township Agency Fund Transactions, 1989 -1992 Greene Township Total Real Estate Assessed Calculation,
1989 -1992 Greene Township Debt Statement, 1987 -1992 Greene Township Combined Balance Sheet, 1989 -1992 Greene Township Combined Statement of Revenues and Expenditures by Fund Type,
1989 -1992 Future Land U s e Planned Areas Tables Page 4
I I LIST OF FIGURES 10-2 10-3 Number Title 10-1 Greene Township Organization Chart 1993 Budget -Estimated Revenues 1992 General Fund Expenditures
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
I ' I I 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION II D I 1 I I I I I 1 1.1 PURPOSE AND CONTENT OF THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN In June of 1993, the Greene Township Board of Supervisors decided to proceed with
this Comprehensive Plan Update. Their intentions were fourfold: 1. To re-evaluate the Comprehensive Plan of 1985 goals and objectives; To comply with Act 170 of 1988 amendments to the
Pennsylvaani Municipalities Planning Code (Act 247 of 1968 as re-enacted and amended, hereinafter referred to the MPC). 2. 3. To incorporate new information such as the 1990 Census of
Population and Housing; and Township at this time. 4. To address new issues and opportunities facing Greene The following areas of concern were recognized by the Greene Township Board
of Supervisors, and will be evaluated in this Comprehensive Plan Update. They include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 . 6. 7. 8. 9. Realignment of Letterkenny Army Depot; Extension of South Penn Natural
Gas Pipeline; Disposition of Chambersburg Airport; Reorientation of Western Maryland and Conrail rights-ofwwa by CSX Railroad; Availability of Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
special studies on Route 30 and Interstate Highway Route 81; Addition of more Agricultural Security Areas; Identification of historical sites by Franklin County Heritage, Inc. ; Emerging
growth areas such as the Route 997 Corridor; Comprehensive Plans currently underway or recently completed in Chambersburg Borough, Guilford Township, Southampton Township and Adams County;
/I Page 1-1
10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. The Recent changes to the Greene Township's Zoning Ordinance and SubdivisiodLand Development Ordinance; Adequacy of water supplies for drinking water and fire
protection purposes; Study of neighborhood recreation facilities; Need for a municipal capital improvements program; Location and extent of environmentally sensitive lands; and Operation
and maintenance of stormwater management facilities. community master planninq--pro cess and the resultinq Comprehensive Plan serves many purposes for a municipality: In order to identify
the purposes of a Comprehensive Plan, it is necessary to understand what a Comprehensive Plan is and what it contains. not e e 0 e e e 0 A Comprehensive Plan is a compilation of facts
and data which relate to the future growth and well-being of a municipality and its citizens. It consists of maps, charts and text. The MPC provides the authority for the preparation
of a Comprehensiiv Plan. The MPC also provides guidelines for what must be incorporated in a Comprehensive Plan, which includes, but is limited to the following: A statement of community
goals and objectives concerning Greene Township's future development. A land use plan, which can include provisions for the amount, intensity, character and timing of a variety of land
uses. A housing plan, including conservation and/or rehabilitatiio of housing as applicable, and provisions for different dwelling types and densities. A transportation plan for the
movement of people and goods. A community facilities plan for community services and utilities. A statement of the interrelationships among the various plan components which may include
an estimate of the environmental, energy, conservation, fiscal, economic development and social consequences on the Township. A discussion of short and long-range plan implementation
strategies and related fiscal, regulatory and administratiiv concerns. Page 1-2
1 I I 8 I I 1 /I e A statement indicating the relationship between existing and proposed development, objectives and plans in the Township, in contiguous municipalities, Franklin County
and the region. A Comprehensive Plan is a guidance document for a municipality by which future goals and policies can be determined as well as corresponding expenditures and regulatory
decisions can be made. A Comprehensive Plan can also be a tool by which business and industry is drawn into a municipality, by providing a stable base for investment through structured
growth management. Another integral part of a Comprehensive Plan is the input of the public and corresponding government agencies and private interests. The Greene Township Planning
Commission is empowered by the MPC to prepare the Comprehensive Plan at the request of the Greene Township Board of Supervisors. It was formed in 1967 with the purpose of performing
this duty. 1.2 PREVIOUS COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING In 1970, the original Greene Township Comprehensive Plan was completed. This plan recommended zoning to preserve prime agricultural lands
and to address prime development lands for residential, commercial, industrial and other urban uses. Those areas regarded as prime agricultural lands were the central portion of Greene
Township in Hagerstown and Duffield soils, and west of South Mountain in Murrill soils. Woodland preservation was also identified on the western edge of Michaux State Forest and Caledonia
State Park. In addition, a community park and various neighborhood parks were suggesteed The old Township dump on Mickey Inn Road was designated for a Township park. Neighborhood parks
and playgrounds were indicated for areas adjacent to the Fayetteville, Grandview and Scotland elementary schools; and areas maintained by the Fayetteville Athletic Association, Scotland
Community Associatiio and Izaak Walton League. The 1970 Comprehensive Plan has advocated the expansion of the runway at the Chambersburg Airport from 2,700 feet to 5,000 feet. This in
turn would have required relocation of Salem Road. Furthermore, industrial development was prescribed for the land area between Airport Road and the Western Maryland Railroad. The 1970
Comprehensive Plan has demonstrated that Interstate Highway Route 81 would ease travel from farms in Greene Township to markets; but at the same time, it would exert pressure on agricultural
lands to urbanize. It foresaw interchange development at Scotland along Route 997. In particular, this plan did recommend an industrial park be encouraged along Route 696 from Black
Gap Road to Orchard Road. Page 1-3
I I R The 1970 Comprehensive Plan has described potential sand and gravel deposits as valuable mineral resources. It has mapped an extensive area along the Conococheague Creek from Cold
Spring, Newman, Mt. Pleasant, Cook, Woodstock, Ragged Edge, Rock and Martin Roads to Interstate Highway Route 81. The 1970 Comprehensive Plan has recognized seven ( 7 ) areas suitable
for commercial development. Four ( 4 ) highway service centers are shown as follows: North of Chambersburg along both sides of Route 11; Greenvillage area at the intersection of Route
11 and Route 30; Fayetteville area along Route 30; and at the eastern edge of Greene Township on Route 30. Three ( 3 ) community business centers were shown as follows: Route 997 north
of Greenvillage Road, Route 606 in Scotland, and between Route 30 and Main Street in Fayetteville. The 1970 Comprehensive Plan had endorsed the recommendations contained in the 1968
Feasibility Study of Liquid Waste Disposal for Greene Township. The first phase of sewer system development included service to Greenvillage, Culbertson, Scotland, Oak Hill Village,
Fayetteville, Brownsville and various neighborhoods along portions of Route 11, Siloam, Cold Spring, Brookens, Woodstocck Black Gap and Cook Roads. The second phase included extension
of interceptors eastward along the Conococheague Creek to the vicinity of Caledonia State Park. These phases were coordinated with prime future residential areas. They were established
in areas suited for low to medium density residential development. At least three ( 3 ) dwelling units per acre of single family development would justify sewer service. A maximum density
of six ( 6 ) dwelling units per acre is consistent for the medium density districts. Multi-family development was considered potentially suitable for these districts and in the immediate
vicinity of retail shopping, service and general commercial areas. Centralized water supply was also oriented to these districts. The Guilford Water Authority essentially serves Greene
Township residents on the public water system. A few residents did receive water from the Chambersburg Water Department or the Caledonia Water Company in 1970. The Chambersburg Water
Department has water sources, treatment plants and transmissiio lines in Greene Township. The Scotland School for Veterans Children has its own water system. Nonetheless, the 1967 Comprehensive
Plan for Water and Wastes in Franklin County recommended water system improvements for Greene and Guilford Townships. These improvements included storage, transmission and treatment
facilities for the primary service area along Route 997 from Fayetteville through Sctoland to Route 11 at Greenvillage, and an interconnection with the /I Page 1-4
I' I I i I 1 I I Chambersburg Water System. All other areas of Greene Township rely on wells for potable water supply. The best groundwater resources are found in limestone and dolomite
formations, which cover the majority of Greene Township with the exceptiion of the southwestern and eastern sectors. Other community facilities and services were reviewed in the 1970
Comprehensive Plan. It endorses the recommendations contained in the 1968 Feasibility Study of Solid Wastes Disposal for contracted solid waste collection. The only other community facility
needed was an expansion of the Fayetteville Elementary School due to over-enrollment pressuure on building capacity. The 1970 Comprehensive Plan proposed several changes to the Greene
Township road system. They consisted of bypasses south of Chambersburg for Route 30, north of Scotland for Route 997 and south of Greenvillage for Route 997. Only the Scotland bypass
was constructed. The Greene Township road system was classified. Interstate Highway Route 81 was was categorized as a major arterial road (high-speed regional expressway). Routes 11
and 30 were considered arterial roads, which carry substantial volumes of traffic from one section of the community to another section or to adjoining communities. These roads are to
be designed with a 100-foot wide right-ofwaay In certain instances, particularly in built-up areas, the right-of-way could be reduced to 70 feet. Both Routes 11 and 30 were recommended
for widening to 48 feet in pavement, in turn for accommodating four (4) travel lanes, two (2) each in both directions. Several collector roads were identified to carry local traffic
between minor roads and arterial roads, as follows: 0 0 Route 0997 Black Gap Road and Cumberland Highway; 0 Route 0433 Sunset Pike; 0 Route 0696 Old Scotland Road; 0 Route 1008 Main
Street (Fayetteville); 0 Route 1006 Main Street (Scotland); and 0 Route 1001 Mt. Pleasant Road. Route 4019 Franklin Street Extended and Letterkenny Road; These collector roads were proposed
to be upgraded to a 60-foot wide right-of-way. All other roads in Greene Township were classified as minor roads, those roads usually expected to give direct access to abutting property.
They are to be designed with 50 feet in right-of-way width. 1 Page 1-5
I I ' I /I I 1 8 i I I I i In 1985, the Greene Township Comprehensive Plan was revised. This update recommended areas north of Siloam Road and west of Airport Road for very low density
residential development and north of Black Gap Road on White Church Road and Henry Road for low density residential development. Cluster development was suggested for the low and medium
density residential districts. This generally refers to a land use pattern in which uses are grouped through a density transfer, rather than spread evenly throughout a parcel of land
as in a conventional lot-by-lot development. It was advised that the Greene Township Zoning Ordinance be amended to authorize such development by permitting smaller lot sizes if a specified
portion of the parcel of land is kept in permanent open space either through public dedication or through ownership and maintenance by a homeowners association. The concept of cluster
development allows the unbuildable lands to be retained in permanent open space. It also creates less monotonous design and reduces the length of streets and utility lines. The 1985
Comprehensive Plan Update also promoted mixed use development in the community commercial and medium density residential districts. This combines usually separated uses within a single
land development. It permits an appropriate mixture of various residential types and local businesses. The concept of mixed use development can adopt the residentiial commercial, and
institutional land uses permitted by planned residential developments in the low and medium density residential districts, but it is designed to maintain the existing development density
and lot coverage regulations within the community commercial and medium density residential districts. The 1985 Comprehensive Plan Update incorporated additional uses to the list of
permitted uses for customary home occupatiio in the Greene Township Zoning Ordinance. The list is intended only to provide examples. Criteria or conditions are applied to the customary
home occupations so that they remain incidental or secondary to the residential use. For example, restricting sales fromthe premises ensures additional traffic will not be generated
in the residential neighborhood. Furthermore, a provision should be considered for a conditionaa use permit for those uses that are not listed as permitted uses. This approach is intended
to regulate home occupations that may have an adverse impact on the residential neighborhoood In addition, special regulations were proposed for satellite dish antennas and earth stations.
I I Page 1-6
I I I I I i 1 1 I ' 1 I Other land use proposals included a community
commercial district on the west side of Philadelphia Avenue and on the south side of Siloam Road at 300 feet in depth from the road right-of-way line; and, an industrial district off
Exit 8 at the northeastern quadrant of Interstate Highway Route 81 and Route 696 in Scotland. The 1985 Comprehensive Plan Update establishes regional development policy criteria adjacent
to Interstate Highway Route 81, at the existing Exit 8 and at a possible Exit 7. Several areas of the Township were considered for realignment, widening and related proposals; only Ragged
Edge Road adjacent to the North Guilford Hills subdivision was implemented. The 1985 Comprehensive Plan Update recommended a six-year rehabilitation and maintenance program for existing
roads in Greene Township. It also supported expansion of the Chambersburg Airport by 1995. In addition, public water supply and sanitary sewer services were to be upgraded in the Black
Gap Road growth area. In other parts of Greene Townshhip utility extensions should not adversely impact areas of natural resource conservation and low development potential, namely farms
and orchards. Alternative sources of water supply were also found necessary for future growth. 1.3 USES OF A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The Comprehensive Plan is a useful tool for decision-making,
with respect to on-going municipal programs, and can assist in shaping the future of the Township. The Comprehensive Plan can also provide insight and guidance for future investment
to both public and private entities. The Comprehensive Plan can show what investments would be sound and desirable within the Township with respect to proposed infrastructure and future
growth areas. For public agencies, the Comprehensive Plan will reveal the characteristics of the Township which are necessary to make informed decisions and develop policies that are
in the best interest of the Township. This is achieved by providing the foundation and framework for the Township's future direction. Based on the background studies and corresponding
analysis of the Township, and in coordination with the goals and objectiive developed through the comprehensive planning process, courses of action that meet the needs of the Township
can be more effectively undertaken. Policies that relate to the desired goals can be developed or reevaluated, and subsequent pertinent courses of action can be implemented through grant
applications, capital improvements programming, budgeting, regulatory devices, land/building acquisition and/or other related actions. 11 Page 1-7
1 I I I I I I I A Comprehensive Plan may also serve as a guidance document for Township review of proposed facilities or improvements that are under the jurisdiction of the state, such
as highways and utilities. A Comprehensive Plan can be utilized by local government and its corresponding agencies. 1.4 LEGAL STATUS OF A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN As opposed to a subdivision
and land development or zoning ordinance, a Comprehensive Plan is not a legally enforceable document. Its stated purpose is to provide guidance and direction. However, the MPC does designate
certain jurisdictioona procedures related to specific actions. In accordance with the MPC, in a Township with an adopted Comprehensive Plan, any of the following proposed actions by
the governing body, its departments, agencies or appointed authorities within the Township shall be submitted to the Greene Township and Franklin County Planning Commissions for their
recommendatioons 0 The location, opening, vacation, extension, widening, narrowing or enlargement of any street, public ground, pierhead or watercourse; The location, erection, demolition,
removal or sale of any public structures located within the municipality; 0 The adoption, amendment or repeal of any Comprehensive Plan, official map, subdivision or land development
ordinance, zoning ordinance or provisions for planned residential development; or 0 The construction, extension or abandonment of any water line, sewer line or sewage treatment facility.
In addition, any proposed action of the governing body of any school district located within Greene Township relating to the location, demolition, removal, sale or lease of any school
district structure or land shall be reviewed by the Greene Township Planning Commission for its recommendations. In regard to planning at the local level, the Comprehensive Plan is of
great importance. The MPC specifies that the County and local municipalities must give consideration to each other's respective plan so that the objectives of each plan can be protected
and adhered to as much as possible. Furthermore, municipal comprehensive plans must generally be consistent with the adopted County plan. Pursuant to the MPC, the Greene Township Board
of Supervisors is required to periodically review and update the Comprehensiiv Plan. They are challenged in this Comprehensive Plan I 1 Page 1-8
1.5 I 1 i I I I I I II 1.6 Update by considerable growth and development within Greene Township, actually taking place at present and most probably in the next twenty (20) years. IMPLEMENTATION
OF A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The first course of action for implementation of the Comprehennsiv Plan is that of the actual adoption of the plan by the Greene Township Board of Supervisors-Upon
its adoption, the plan becomes the official document as to the desired growth pattern and direction of the Township. Once adopted, the plan should not be "put on the shelf," but should
be constantly referred to for direction and guidance in selecting future courses of action. The plan should be used by the Greene Township Planning Commissions and the Board of Supervisors,
to direct growth through applicable land use ordinances. The plan should be used to coordinate the Townshhi community, as well as surrounding regional growth into a desired growth pattern
for the Township. Municipal planning for capital improvements should seek guidance from the plan, and recommendations for applicable projects should be grounded in the Comprehensive
Plan. There should be an ongoing attempt to enhance, create and support programs that are consistent with the goals and objectives of the plan, The plan can be used to provide justification
for grant programs that provide funds towards meeting the needs and goals of the plan. Also, budgets and actions of the Township elected officials and appointed agencies should be evaluated
against the plan. The plan should be available to the public as well, in order that private decisions for investment or development can be considered in light of the proposed direction
of the Township. Comprehensive planning should be an ongoing activity, and the plan should be periodically evaluated as to conformity with the needs of the Township and its residents.
SEQUENCE OF UPDATE REPORT This Comprehensive Plan Update documents the culmination of several background studies, and responds to key public issues and concerns for the future development
of Greene Township. The planning process has been segmented into essentially two (2) phases: research, analysis, statement of goals and objectives; and synthesis, plan recommendations
and implementattio strategies. In seeking the optimal path to manage future growth patterns and to accommodate land use demands within the Township, the 2-phase planning process has
revolved around a systematic investigation of the natural and cultural environment, and subsequently land use and community infrastruuctur prescriptions were developed. Page 1-9
'I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Ten (10) background studies have been completed comprising an inventory and analysis of Greene Township history, population, economy, housing, physical
features, land use, community facilities, transportation, fiscal capacity and regional setting. They are followed by a statement of community development goals and objectives and five
( 5 ) component plans relating to future land use, housing, transportation, communitt facilities and resource conservation. The component plans constitute the proposed new Comprehensive
Plan. These plans have been reviewed for their policy interrelationships, and then advanced for appropriate implementation strategies. Finally, the Comprehensive Plan Update was compared
with the land development and plans of contiguous municipalities, development objectives and plans of Franklin County, and regional trends. Page 1-10
1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I m I 8 1 I CHAPTER 2 HISTORY AND REGIONAL SETTING
CHAPTER 2 HISTORY AND REGIONAL SETTING i ' ' I I 1 I I I 1 I I I I 1 I I I 1 I 2.1 TOWNSHIP HISTORY Greene Township, organized in 1788, was named in honor of Major General Nathaniel
Greene of the American Revolution army. Greene Township was formed out of the eastern end of Letterkenny Township. The earliest recorded settlement was by the Culbertson family between
1744 and 1878. Colonel Samuel Culbertson was one of the most prominent and influential citizens in Franklin County. Colonel Culbertson held an important command, the "Flying Camp", in
the American Revolution. The oldest house standing in the Township is the old Smith home built in 1755, The first school site was near this house. Three main villages Greenvillage, Scotland,
and Fayetteville were established between 1793 and 1844. Greenvillage was formed at the Intersection of Route 997 and Route 11, in the northwestern portion of the Township. Fayetteville
was settled along Old Route 30, situated in the southeastern portion of the Township. Scotland Scotland evolved into the Cumberland Valley Railroad Station with several homes, churches
and mills centrally located in the Township on the Conococheague Creek. Black's Gap Road (SR 0997), originally laid out in 1750, essentially ties together these three ( 3 ) historic
villages. Outside of these villages the land was primarily agricultural and forest land. However, the planting of 200 apple trees by an area resident in 1773, transformed much of this
land into a thriving fruit industry which still exists today. The original settlers in the Township were Scotch-Irish Presbyterians. There were several grist mills established along
the Conococheague Creek but little evidence of these mills remains today. The Caledonia Forge was built in 1830 and a furnace in 1837 with ore coming from nearby Pond Bank and Mont Alto.
The works were burnt by rebel forces in 1863 and the industry was not reestablished. The Union station at Scotland was bustling with Cumberland Valley Railroad activities for about a
century starting in 1837. The confederate forces hoped to destroy the railroad bridge in Scotland in 1862, but their efforts were thwarted when they discovered the bridge was an iron
structure. Fayetteville, once a thriving, self-sustaining settlement during the first half of the 20th century, is now a peaceful village along old Route 30. Transportation changed Fayetteville
when the streetcar to Chambersburg started service in 1908. Page 2-1
I I 8 I I I I I I I Late in the 19th century Scotland was selected as the location for the Pennsylvania Soldier's Orphans Industrial School, now known as Scotland School for Veterans
Children. The site selected for the school was on land on the west bank of the Conococheague Creek, just opposite of the Village of Scotland along what is now the Scotland Road. Greene
Township has two (2) retirement and nursing care facilities. Menno-Haven, Inc. constructed facilities between 1964 and 1988. It consists of Menno Village (232 independent living units
and 3 auxiliary buildings) on Scotland Avenue. Lutheran Social Services opened a planned residential development (Luther Ridge) on Black Gap Road and Luther Drive in 1989. This complex
is on 56 acres, and contains a residenntia village of 40 dwelling units, a nursing home named "The Inn" with 48 beds, a church and two (2) office buildings. Greene Township is a key
municipality in Franklin County. It bears the only commercial airport (Chambersburg Airport) in addition to private airfields, highways, roads and railroad facilities. The Township also
has a significant amount of State land holdings comprising 4,521 acres in State Park and Forest. There are approximately 275 businesses currently established in the Township. Greene
Township covers approximately 59 square miles in land area, and had a population of 11,930 according to the 1990 Census. Greene Township has the only enclosed shopping mall in Franklin
County. Established in 1982, the Chambersburg Mall is almost 500,000 square feet and sits on 63 acres of former orchard and farmland. The mall is located along the Black Gap Road, south
of Scotland and off Exit 8, Interstate Highway Route 81. Greene Township also has the Norland Shopping Center on U.S. Route 11 North, which was built in 1977. Letterkenny Army Depot,
with it large storage and repair buildings, encompasses approximately 3,000 acres of land that was originally Greene Township. It was established during World War I1 and contributed
greatly in shipping supplies and ammunition to the Armed Forces during that war and subsequent wars. Today, it continues to be a major employer for the people of Greene Township and
surrounding areas. I Page 2-2
I 2.2 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I REGIONAL SETTING Greene Township is situated on the northeast side of Chambersburg Borough, which is the seat of Franklin County. It evolved along the
roads contiguous to the Conococheague Creek which flows throughout the entire length of the Townshhip Greene Township is found in the mid-east section of Franklin County, south central
part of Pennsylvania. It is within one (1) hour's driving distance to Harrisburg, York, State College and Frederick, Maryland; and within two and onehaal (2-1/2) hours driving distance
to Pittsburgh, Philadelpphia Scranton, Baltimore, Maryland and Washington, D.C. Greene Township has the second largest population in Franklin County, but contains over 7% of the County's
land area and over 9% of the County's population. It is bounded by Southampton, Letterkenny, Hamilton and Guilford Townships, as well as Chambersburg Borough in Franklin County, Franklin
Township in Adams County, and Southampton Township in Cumberland County. The physiographic location of Greene Township is in the Ridge and Valley Province. The predominant ridge is South
Mountain to the southeast, and the valley portion is known as the Cumberland Valley in the center of the Township. Recently, population growth and land development along Interstate Highway
Route 81, Route 11, Route 30 and Route 997 have altered the Township's land use pattern, physical landscape, economic base and ecological balance over the past decade. Area residents
and Township officials are well aware of the need to correlate the quality of life with these changes and their impacts on traffic conditions, public utilities and community facilities.
Theref ore, the Comprehensive Plan Update was determined to be timely and necessary. Land use is changing from agriculture to urban development, which replaces farmland as major traffic
generators in certain parts of the Township. Most land development has occurred or is underway adjacent to the major roads in the Township. The majority of this development is residential
in nature. Supporting land uses and community services must be ascertaiine in the near future. The Comprehensive Plan Update will try to resolve the pressures of land development, and
the significance of Greene Township in the region's future. /I Page 2-3
0 /> /” /‘* /* MAP 2-1 MIFFIN hSH NASSAUX-HEMSLEY, INCORPORATED ‘ 0 MOUNT UNION H U NTI N GO ON ENGINEERING/PlANNING CONSULTANTS CHAMBERSBURG, PA )
! I I I I CHAPTER 3 I DEMOGRAPHIC I I 1 I I 8 ANALYSIS
CHAPTER 3 DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS I /I 1 I I I 8 I I I 1 I I 1 3.1 INTRODUCTION Part of the basic framework for this Comprehensive Plan Update is that of analyzing and understanding the
population growth or decline of Greene Township, and formulating population projections based on past trends and current available information. The population and related characteristics
are the forces that drive the needs and services that Township government must provide and plan to provide, As the populatiio grows, expanded roads, utilities and community services
and facilities are needed. A geographically spreading populattio also creates greater possibilities for incompatible land uses and conflicts. In addition, as the characteristics of the
population change, so do the needs, ranging from school facilities to senior centers. By reviewing Greene Township's demographic profile, conclusiion can be drawn as to how the Township
relates to growth on a regional level, how it is changing internally by local growth, and how this can be applied to future needs for community development. 3.2 STATE, COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP
TRENDS Table 3-A indicates the past population trends for the years of 1930 to 1990 in the State of Pennsylvania, Franklin County, and Greene Township, and also provides comparable growth
rates, On the state level, this period began with a minimal growth rate of 2.8% from 1930 to 1940. Growth during this period was moderated by the impact of the Great Depression. County
growth during this time was moderate at 6.7%, while the Township experienced a rather significant increase of 16.8%. Growth during the World War I1 period did see somewhat of an increase.
However, the most significant growth occurred after the war when reunited families initiated the "baby boom" era. This resulted in a 6.0% growth rate between 1940 and 1950, and continued
with a growth rate of 7.8% between 1950 and 1960. Correspondingly, Franklin County saw an increased growth rate during the decade of the 1950's and 1960's with increases in population
of of 9.4% and 16.1%, respectively. During these two (2) decades however, Greene Township's growth increased rather significantly, 12.8% and 33.0% respectively. I Page 3-1
Very little growth was experienced by the State from 1960 to 1990. While the State was experiencing minimal growth of 4.78, the County's population increased by 11.2%. During the same
time period, however, Greene Township saw its fastest decade of growth, experiencing a 36.7% growth rate from 1960 to 1970. During the next two decades, Greene Township experienced a
rather strong growth rate of 20.6% from 1970 to 1980 and declined to 4.0% from 1980 to 1990. TABLE 3-A STATE, COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP HISTORICAL POPULATION CHANGE 1930 -1990 10,498,012 75,927
% Change 1960 11,319,366 88,172 a Chanae 16.1 Township 3,970 4,636 16.8% 5,229 12.8 6,953 33.0 9,504 36.7 11,470 20.6 11,930 4.0 SOURCE: United States Department of Comerce, Bureau of
Cenaus. 3 . 3 REGIONAL TRENDS All municipalities adjoining Greene Township, with the exception of the Borough of Chambersburg, have experienced population growth since 1980. The municipality
with the most significant growth from 1950 to 1990 was Hamilton Township, which experienced an accelerated growth rate of 291.6%. Four (4) municipalities, including Greene, Hamilton,
Southampton and Guilford Townships experienced growth of over 100% for the period of 1950 to 1990. These municipalities are all located in Franklin County between Chambersburg and Shippensburg.
The Borough of Chambersburg is the only municipality to show an overall decline, losing 3.2% of its population for the period of 1950 to 1990 (see Table 3-B). Page 3-2
TABLE 3-B POPULATION TRENDS FOR THE SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES 1950 -1990 Franklin Twp.(l) Southampton Twp.(2) 2,334 2,483 6.4 2,744 10.5 3,692 34.5 4,126 1,731 2,282 31.0 2,451 7.4
3,004 22.6 3,552 -'ercent :hange 4.0 19.1 14.8 19.0 2.9 12.5 11.8 -18.2 128.2 165.4 93.0 291.6 (3.2) 135.2 76.8 79.2 3.4 POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS 3.4.1 Composition and Aqe Structure
Greene Township's population 1990 is 97.6% white as illustrated in Table 3-C. Minorities are predominantly blacks (64.0%) of the remaining 287 non-white population. About 40.0% of this
minority population is of Spanish origin . The 1990 population of Greene Township is relatively balanced with 49.1% male and 50.9% female. For comparison purposes the County is composed
of 48.5% male and 51.5% female, while the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is composed of 47.9% male and 52.1% female. In each of the above examples, females represent a greater percentage
of each resident population. The median age of residents of Greene Township is 35.6 years, which is slightly higher than the County (35.0) and State (35.0). An examination of the percentage
of total population by age group indicates that the Township is distributed similarly, with regard to population by age group, to the County as well as the Commonwealth. A total of 1,399
persons aged 65 and over exist within Greene Township. Further, there is a total of 9,035 persons aged 18 and over (see Table 3-D). Page 3-3
TABLE 3-C P o l i t i c a l 1990 Mer. Subdivision Population White Black Ind. Asian Other I ' Pennsylvania 11,881,643 10,520,201 1,089,795 14,733 137,438 119,476 Spanish Origin 232,262
8 I -~ ~ Greene Township Southampton Township Letterkenny Township Hamilton Township Chambersburg Borough Guilford Township F r a n k l i n Tuwnship(1) Southampton Twp. (2) I ~~ 11,930
11,643 185 24 54 24 115 5,484 5,394 61 6 15 8 32 2,251 2,178 59 --10 4 16 7,745 7,483 175 19 39 29 67 16,647 15,084 1,196 33 143 191 302 11,893 11,590 187 23 71 22 95 4,126 3,972 83
6 9 56 91 3,552 3,535 14 12 118 ---19 I 8 I I 1 I I i 1 1 Franklin County I 121,082 I 117,0721 2,7711 176 1 6191 4441 1,065 I 1990 POPULATION BY AGE GREENE TOWNSHIP, FRANKLIN COUNTY
1 GREENE TOWNSHIP AGE GROUP NUMBER Under 5 years 752 6 to 15 Years 1,802 16 to 17 Years 341 18 t o 20 Y e a r s 520 21 to 24 Y e a r s 569 25 to 44 Years 3,863 45 t o 54 Years 1,471
55 to 59 Years 617 60 to 64 Years 596 65 t o 74 Years 942 75 t o 84 Y e a r s 385 85 and over 72 PERCENTAGE 6.3 15.1 2.9 4.4 4.8 32.4 12.3 5.2 5.0 7.8 3.2 0.6 FRANKLIN COUNTY 1 PENNSYLVANIA
NUMBER PERCENTAGE NUMBER 8,018 6.6 797,058 18,049 14.9 1,692,228 3,464 2.9 305, 524 5,587 4.6 551,216 6,419 5.3 675,559 36,922 30.5 3,657,323 13,337 11.0 1,213,845 5,863 4.8 552,378
5,925 4.9 607,406 10,186 8.4 1 , 070,021 5,545 4.6 587,249 1,767 1.5 171,836 PERCENTAGE 6.7 14.2 2.6 4.6 5.7 30.8 10.2 4.7 5.1 9.0 4.9 1.5 Source: United States Department of Commerce,
Bureau of Census. 3.4.2 Educational Attainment The educational attainment of Township residents is a factor that provides insight into labor force characteristics and its potential capabilities,
as well as age distribution. Table 3-E provides a detailed educational breakdown for the Township as a whole. As shown, 69.5% of the Township residents are high school graduates or over,
and 14.4% have a college bachelors degree or higher. Page 3-4
I I I I I I I I I I I TABLE 3-E GREENE TOWNSHIP EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, 1990 I EDUCATION COMPLETED less than 9th grade 9th -12th no diploma High School graduate Some college, no degree
ASSOC. degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or Prof. degree 1,068 1,343 3,211 833 2 40 560 519 Percent High School graduate or higher 69.5 Percent Bachelor's degree or higher 14.4 SOURCE:
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. Table 3-F provides a comparison of Greene Township educatioona attainment with respect to adjacent municipalitiies the County and the State
between 1980 and 1990. For Greene Township, the percent of residents who achieved a high school diploma or higher increased from 9.4% in 1980 to 14.4% in 1990, and those receiving a
college bachelors degree or higher rose from 59.2% to 69.5% in the same decade. In comparison to the County average, Greene Township is slightly above the figures from 1980 and 1990
(69.4%) for high school graduates. In regard to college degree achievement, the Township nearly doubled the increase of the County from 1980 to 1990. Nearly 70% of all Greene Township
residents have a high school diploma or higher. Even though there was a 10.3% increase in the number of township residents with high school diplomas since 1980 several adjoining municipalittie
exceed the Greene percentage by nearly 2%. With respect to college degree achievement, Greene Township ranks in the middle. Nearly 14.5% of the township residents have a bachelors degree
or higher. This represents an increase of 5.0% over 1980's figures. I Page 3-5
TABLE 3-F COUNTY Pennsylvania I I I ------1980 --------------1990 ------% HIGH 0 PERCENT 0 HIGH % PERCENT SCHOOL BACHELORS SCHOOL BACHELORS DIPLOMA DEGREE DIPLOMA DEGREE OR EIGHER OR
HIGHER OR HIGHER OR HIGHER 64.6 13.5 74.7 17.9 I I I I I 1 I I I I I 11 Franklin County Greene Township EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT FOR SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES, COUNTY AND STATE, 1980
and 1990 58.6 10.2 69.4 12.4 59.2 9.4 69.5 14.4 I Southampton Township Letterkenny Township Hamilton Township 53.4 8.1 67.8 12.3 N \A N\A 68.4 9.2 64.3 10.1 73.8 13.4 Chambcraburg Borough
Guilford Township 59.9 14.2 69.4 15.7 60.4 12.2 70.8 15.4 Franklin Township (1) Southampton Tup. (2) 3 . 4 . 3 Family/Household Characteristics 63.8 13.5 70.7 14.1 N\A N \A 77.9 18.1
The makeup of Greene Township's population in relation to its housing characteristics provides insight as to present and future needs for housing and family services. It also provides
an indication of the general suburban or rural nature of the community. Table 3-G illustrates the distribution of households and families throughout the Township, State, County and adjacent
municipalities. Greene Township averages 2.65 persons per household, and 2.99 persons per family. These figures are exceeded or similar for all surrounding municipalities except for
Chambersburg Borough. The household size for Greene Township is slightly larger than the County and the State. (As per the Bureau of Census, a household includes all the persons who
occupy a housing unit. A housing unit is a house, an apartment, a mobile-home, group of rooms, or a single room that is occupied as separate living quarters. A family consists of a householder
and one (1) or more other persons living in the same household who are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption). Page 3-6
I ' I P Family Households Persons in All All Persons Per Persons Per Municipality Households Households Total Rousehold Family TABLE 3-G Pennsylvania Franklin County I Greene Township
I 11,533,219 4,495,966 3,155,989 2.57 3.10 118,456 45,675 34,199 2.59 3.03 11,914 4,496 3,558 2.65 2.99 I I I I Southampton Township Letterkenny Township I 5,479 2,028 1,604 2.70 3.07
2,249 781 649 2.88 I 3.16 /I Hamilton Township II 7,745 2,900 2,310 2.67 3.02 I I 1 Guilford Township 1 11,384 1 4,208 1 3,387 I 2.71 I 3.04 I 1 Franklin Township (1)l 4,021 1 1,433
1 1,133 I 2.81 1 3.19 I [ Southampton Tup. ( 2 ) l 3,542 1 1,170 I 985 I 3.03 1 3.31 I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Source: United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. ( 2 ) Cumberland
County, Pennsylvania. (1) Adams County, Pennsylvania. Table 3-H reflects the breakdown of family and non-f amily households in Greene Township, adjacent municipalities, Franklin County
and the State of Pennsylvania. As indicated, Greene Township has a significantly higher percentage of family households (79.1%), than the State (70.1%) and the County ( 7 4 . 9 % ) .
With respect to the percentage of female householders, 6.8% are found in the Township, as opposed to 11.3% for the State and 7.8% for the County. Another statistic that has implications
for senior citizens is the percent of persons over 65 living alone. Greene Township falls below the State average of 12.6% with 8.0%. Typically, female householders and persons over
65 living alone fall into the low and moderate income brackets. These groups are generally more dependant on municipal facilities and services. Therefore, it should be noted that over
14% of the total Township households fit into one of these categories. I /I Page 3-7
TABLE 3-H GREENE TOWNSHIP AND SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS, 1990 Family Households Non-Family Households Female Householder Percent Percent Female Percent
Harried Couple Householder Householder Living Alone Family Householder, No Householder Municipality Total Family No Husband Total Living Alone Over 65 Households Husband Preeent Living
Alone Percent Householder Living Alone Over 65 Pennsylvania 3,155,989 2,502,072 507,008 1,339,977 1,150,694 526,264 7 0 . 1 1 1 . 3 25.6 12.6 Franklin County I 34,199 29,296 I 3,573
I 11,476 I 9,977 I 4,725 I 74.9 I 7.8 I 21.8 I 10.3 I Creene Townehip Southampton Twp. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. ( 1 ) Adam6 County, Pennsylvania. ( 2 )
Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Page 3-8
!'I I' 3.5 ' 9 I I I I I
I I I I I POPULATION PROJECTIONS Population projections are necessary to anticipate and better plan for future land use needs of future markets, utilities, schools, parks, streets,
and other services and facilities. Public officials use such information in determining taxing policies, zoning, and other public matters. Determinations in this respect should be based
on a population projections that are theoretical in nature but tempered by judgments sensitive to the Township's future development potential. Population projections for small to medium-sized
communities are difficult to obtain with any degree of accuracy. Regional influences weigh heavily and economic development or migration and natural growth characteristics can cause
severe changes in the growth trends of a municipality. Population projections were developed for the period of 2000 to 2030. Population projections refer to future probable population
levels. They indicate what population changes might occur, given assumptions inherent in the forecasting method and basic data. Typically, several sets of population projections are
developed, each set embodying a different set of assumptions. They may represent minimum, maximum and midpoint growth rates, but all projections are plausible. However, a population
forecast, on the other hand, is judgmental. A population forecast is the set of projections deemed most likely to occur The range of population projections for Greene Township were developed
employing four different models which are as follows (see results in Table 3-1): e Historical Trend Extrapolation Model This model developed population projections based upon population
counts, from 1930 to 1990. From these populattio counts an average percentage of change in population per decade was determined. This average was then used to project future population
using the 1990 Census population counts as a base. e State Water Oualitv Manaqement Plan (SWQMPI Model The "Least Square" population model used by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources allows for the derivation of projected population figures for various municipalities. A population forecasting curve is developed using the least squares method on population
statistics of the past three ( 3 ) decades. A projected population is computed for Greene Township based upon the forecasting curves. I Page 3-9
1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 First, the forecasting curve is fitted using a series of equations with both defined and undefined variables. Using the prior three (3) decades' population
for the township in ratios of 1, 2, and 3, respectively for the earliest through the latest of the three ( 3 ) decades, a population forecasting curve for the municipality is determined
by the least squares method. Next, a combinattio of weighing factors are determined by using the least standard deviation. The correct combination of factors is determined by using census
population records from 1940 to 1980, to project 1990 populations. These 1990 population projections were adjusted so that the summation of all projected 1990 populations is equal to
the 1990 State total population. Thus, based on this adjustment, a best fit combination of weighing factors is derived. Finally, an average growth rate is derived from previous base
decades, and used in conjunction with the weighted factors to develop an estimate of the future population projection. Example: 2030 population = 12,280,462 Average growth rate = .00864
2030 population = 12,280,462 x (1.0 + .00864) = 12,386,565 Housinq Construction Activity Extrapolation Model This model has derived population projections based upon persons per household
for 1990 in combination with the change in the number of occupied housing units in the township between 1980 and 1990. The number of housing units in 1980 was subtracted from the number
of housing units in 1990. This value (change in number of occupied housing units) was then added to the 1990 value to get the number of housing units projected for 2000. The number of
housing units in 2000 was then multiplied by the average number of persons per household as determined for the township. The result of these computations is the projected population
figure. This procedure was repeated for future decades through 2030, using the same value for the change in occupied housing units. 0 Buildins Permit Extrapolation Model This model utilizes
Greene Township building permit data from 1985 to 1992. From 1985 to 1992, 607 building permits were issued for the construction of single family dwelling units. By applying the average
number of persons per household to the projected number of new housing starts, one can estimate the projected population of the Township. Page 3-10
II I 1 4 I I I I I I I I I I I TABLE 3-1 GREENE TOWNSHIP POPULATION PROJECTIONS 2004 -2014 METBOD Estimated ' Extrapolation 12,131 Housing I Census Extrapolation I Building I Permit
Extrapolation Source: Nassau%-Bemsley, Incorporated. 3.6 ALTERNATIVE GROWTH SCENARIOS Based on the range of population projections, alternative growth scenarios are presented below.
The initial alternative assumes that Township growth will be generally consistent with the regional demographic characteristics over the past 60 years. The second alternative presumes
a growth trend which is indicative of the population growth experienced within the Township over the past 30 years. The third and fourth alternatives reveal the potential impacts of
actual and emerging housing construction activity. As illustrated in Table 3-1, it is projected that the populattio of Greene Township will increase by a very conservative count of 597
persons by the year 2004 or as much as 3,650 persons. Population projections to the year 2014 are more varied than those projected for the year 2004. The population projections for the
year 2014 indicate that the population for Greene Township could increase by as much as 6,856 persons over 1990 figures or as little as 834 persons. Table 3-5 provides population projections
and housing unit growth increments for each of the four (4) methodologies respectively for the years of 2004 and 2014. This analysis assumes that the average household size will decline
to 2.43 persons per household by the year 2004 and to 2.21 persons per household by the year 2014. For the purpose of these scenarios, the 2004-2014 time frame has been analyzed. I I
I Page 3-11
I Methodology Historical I 2004 2014 2014 2004-2014 Annual Estimated Population Household Housing Unit Housing Unit Houaing Unit Population Projections Size Projections Growth Growth
15,580 18,786 2.21 1,898 1,987 198 I I I' I I SWQKP Housing I 12,521 12,764 2.21 5,250 107 10 13,488 14,527 2.21 6,008 470 47 I 4 Permit TABLE 3-5.1 GREENE TOWNSHIP POPULATION AND HOUSING
GROWTH RATE SCENARIOS 1994-2004 14,449 16,128 2.21 6,693 760 76 Permit 12,669 14,449 2.43 5,933 62 1 62 TABLE 3-J.2 GREENE TOWNSHIP POPULATION AND HOUSING GROWTH RATE SCENARIOS 2004-2014
As illustrated in Table 3-5.1, it is projected that the number of housing units within Greene Township will increase by a very conservative count of 148 by the year 2004 or as much as
621 units. Housing unit projections in Table 3-5.2 to the year 2014 are more varied than those projected for the year 2004. The housing unit projections for the year 2014 indicate that
the number of housing units within Greene Township could increase by as much as 3,001 units over 1990 figures or as little as 353 units. 3.7 SELECTED POPULATION AND HOUSING FORECAST
It should be noted, that these projections are not an absolute, but merely a distant "target" of what may occur. The projections were made with the idea that they would be scenarios
of potential growth and not necessarily valid projections. The Township recognizes that there is a high degree of potential inaccuracy for the long term. The Township, through its planning
implementation tools can shape the amount, type, and quality of its growth. It is the purpose of this Comprehensive Plan Update to employ these projections to orchestrate and serve the
most efficient allocation of land uses, not to fix future land uses and household expansion in absolute terms. /I Page 3-12
I ' I I I 1 I I I I I I It was determined that the Building Permit Extrapolation Model provides the best estimate for future population and housing growth. This model provides for a
14.1% increase to the year 2004, increasing the population of the Township to 14,449 persons . Furthermore, this model estimates that the Township's population will increase to 16,128
persons by the year 2014, an increase of 1,679 persons or 11.6% In addition, the Building Permit Extrapolation Model forecasts that the number of housing units within Greene Township
will increase to approximately 5,900 units by the year 2004 and to nearly 6,700 units by the year 2014. 3.8 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Population data are crucial in making
planning decisions involving the physical development and the socio-economic growth of Greene Township. A quantitative analysis of population trends and a qualitative analysis of population
characteristics assist in the formulation of reasonable projections of future population levels and needs. Future population demands will dictate the amount of future housing, schools,
parks, roads and other public facilities and utilities. All these elements must be matched to future population levels to maintain or improve the quality of life in Greene Township.
Greene Township on average has increased its population by nearly 21.0% every decade since World War 11. However, during 1980 -1990 population of Greene Township increased by only 4.0%.
The Township's growth rate is extremely higher than that of both the County and State which averaged 10.9% and 3.6% respectively. Under pressure to develop, Greene Township should anticipate
a moderate growth rate. The median age of Township residents in 1990 was 36.5 years which was slightly higher than the County and State median of 35 years. The largest portion of Greene
Township's population (approximately 3,863 or 32.4%) fell into the age group of 25 to 44 years of age. As of 1990, approximately 69.5% of Greene Township residents had received a high
school diploma. On the other hand, only 14.4% had achieved a college Bachelor's Degree. In 1990, the Township averaged 2 . 6 5 persons per household and 2.99 persons per family, both
of which were slightly under the average of neighboring municipalities except for Chambersburg Borough. However, over 14.8% of the Township households are headed by females or by senior
citizens 65 years of age or older living alone. Typically, these households tend to fall I I Page 3-13
I I I within the low and moderate income classification and are more dependent upon community facilities and services. It is projected that the average number of persons per household
will decrease to 2.43 by the year 2000 and 2.21 by the year 2010, Township population projections were developed using four (4) different projection models. These models included: the
Historical Trend Extrapolation Model; the Least Square Model; Housing Census Extrapolation Model; and the Building Permit Extrapolation Model. Projections were developed for the period
of twenty years in 10-year increments. Pursuant to the development of these various sets of populattio projections, a forecast of which projections were determined to be most likely
to occur were for the Township. It was determined that Greene Township is forecasted to reach a population of 14,449 by the year 2004 and a population of 16,128 by the year 2014. In
addition, a forecast was made resulting in the number of housing units within Greene Township which increase to approximately 5,930 units by the year 2004 and to nearly 6,690 units by
the year 2014. Therefore, Greene Township must prudently plan to provide sufficient land areas, facilities and services to accommodate this expanding population. Page 3-14
1 I I I 1 i I I 1 1 I I 1 I I I I 1 I I CHAPTER 4 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
CHAPTER 4 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS I I I I I I I I I I I /I I I 4.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter of the Comprehensive Plan Update is intended to provide a profile and an analysis of the economic
base in Greene Township. Knowledge of the current economic base gives a background for decisions on the amount and type of economic development required to meet the needs of the community.
The regional economy to a large degree conditions this development that occurs within the Township. For example, an expanding economy determines market and employment opportunities,
thus more land would be required for economic development activities. Furthermore, the character of the employment opportunities within or near a community determines, to an extent,
the occupational and income opportunities of most residents. In an area where job opportunities are limited, it becomes necessary for people to seek employment outside the community.
Generally, as income levels within a community increase, the area as a whole prospers because more money is available for residents to spend on local. goods and services. A viable economy
also provides a community with a tax base which is able to withstand the increasing financial pressures placed on local government. The financial burden on the Township will undoubtedly
continue to increase as the need for more sophisticated municipal services increase. 4.2 REGIONAL INFLUENCES Traditionally and currently, Chambersburg has served as the commercial, financial,
governmental, and cultural center of Franklin County. This trend, however, is slowly changing. Much of the recent economic growth in Franklin County has occurred in the surrounding townships.
The economic health of Greene Township has been and continues to be influenced by the regional labor market. More specifically, Letterkenny Army Depot (LEAD) has been the major and most
stable employer in the region over the past several decades. Greene Township's economy has benefitted from its location. Factors which have influenced the recent growth and developmeen
of Greene Township include: 0 The Township is relatively close to several major metropolitan market areas including Harrisburg and Philadelphia, PA; Baltimore, MD; and Washington D.C.
4-1
I ID I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0 The natural resources of the Township in the Greater Chambersburg regional setting. The recent increase in commercial and industrial developmeent which
has followed the growth of the Greater Chambersburg area as a whole. 0 4.2.1 Letterkennv Armv Depot (LEAD) As the U.S. Army reduces its labor force structure in response to changing
global security requirements, fewer installations will be needed to station the smaller force. By 1995, this labor force will be reduced to approximately 535,000 active forces and 567,000
reserve components (Army Reserve and National Guard). In addition to reducing its total size, the U.S. Army will realign activities to other locations to more economicalll accomplish
its mission. This smaller and realigned force will be stationed and consolidated at the most efficient installations. Therefore, LEAD is in a strategic position to impact the future
development of Greene Township. It employs approximately 16% of all Franklin County's labor force. The The LEAD, consisting of 19,520 acres, lies just west of Greene Township in Franklin
County. Although LEAD was established in 1942 with its primary mission being ammunition storage, its principal tenants and their missions currently include: HODESCOM -Command and control
all Army depots and activities. -DLA -Manage physical distribution functions, storage, and transportation of supplies and equipment. SIMA-E -Maintain assigned standard systems for AMC
and DA, manage and control equipment and material for U.S. forces. AIPC -Provide mainframe computer and processing support and operations to assigned customers. TMDE -Direct and manage
the test, measurement and diagnostic equipment in the Northeast U.S. region. Others -Health services, printing, auditing, defense reutilization and marketing offices. 4-2
1 I Geographical Area Chambersburg Area Greencastle Area Mercersburg Area Shippensburg Area Waynesboro Area Others I Estimated Impact $ $68.0 Million 3.4 Million 6.9 Million 20.3 Million
4-8 Million 19.2 Million /I I I I /I I I I l I LEAD is the largest employer in Franklin County, employing approximately 4,920 civilians and 90 military personnel. In 1991, LEAD was selected
as the site for consolidation of all U.S, Department of Defense tactical missiles maintenance. The tactical missile consolidation and associated actions were never fully implemented
at LEAD. Under the provisions of the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990, Public Law 101-510, the Base Closure and Realignment Commission (BRAC) recommended consolidating
tactical missile maintenance including the workload currently being done by the Marine Corps Logistics Base, Barstow, California at LEAD, and affirmed the realignment of Headquarters,
U.S. Army Depot System Command (HQDESCOM) to Rock Island, Illinois. BRAC also recommended to retain the artillery mission and Systems Integration and Management Activity-East (SIMA-E)
at LEAD. The resulting actions would have eliminated nearly 2,663 positions at LEAD. However, due to the efforts of several volunteer organizations, the Save LEAD Coalition, the Greater
Chambersburg Area Chamber of Commerce and others, these positions have been saved, in fact it is projected that by the year 1997 nearly 1,000 additional persons will be employed at LEAD.
The economic impact of saving these jobs is depicted in Table 4-A for various areas of Franklin County. TABLE 4-A ESTIMATED ECONOMIC IMPACT OF LEAD ON FRANKLIN COUNTY BY GEOGRAPHICAL
AREA As illustrated in Table 4-B, the impact of the proposed LEAD realignment would have been severe, resulting in a loss of approximately $1 million to Franklin County area school districts
by 1995. In particular, Greene Township could have lost approximately $250,000 in earned income taxes during a 5-i I year period. I1 4-3
i ' Fannett-Metal I I 1 I I I I 116 33,198 25 I 7,155 The Chambersburg Area Wage Tax Board prepared a report in 1992 to show the effect of a LEAD closure or substantial reduction of
work force on Greene Township's wage tax revenues. This report reflected those employees that are paid directly by LEAD. At that time, approximately 17% of the total wage tax revenues
were represented by employees residing in Greene Township. Employees working for satellite operations at other depots or employees working at LEAD but paid by other depots, are excluded
from the total number of employees attributed to LEAD. Even though there has been a decrease in employment at LEAD since 1983, at which time wage taxes were initially withdrawn, the
total number of employees residing in Greene Township and the Chambersburg Area School District have exhibit growth from 1983 to 1987, and then declined up to 1991 (see Table 4-C) .
Both Greene Township and the Chambersburg Area School District have grown by 3% between 1983 and 1991 in the proportion of total employment at LEAD to 16% and 53% respectively. Despite
this increase, Greene Township has received closer to 20% of the total wage tax revenue in 1983, and dropped by 3% to 17% in 1992. If LEAD is to reduce its work force, the best case
scenario would be for a continued slow reduction, as experienced between 1983 and 1991, which would allow the local economy an opportunity to absorb displaced workers. According to the
Chambersburg Area Wage Tax Board, Greene Township would lose a minimum of 25% in wage tax revenues if a sudden and complete closure occurred. This is estimated at approximately $14,000
per year based on taxes reported in 1991. TABLE 4-B PROJECTED ECONOMIC IMPACT OF LEAD REALIGNMENT ON LOCAL SCHOOL DISTRICTS School District I I I I I Shippeneburu I 551 I 174,710 1 122
I 38,684 I I Tuecarora I 398 I 123,063 1 87 I 26,900 1 1 Wayneeboro I 200 I 64.308 I 44 I 14,148 1 Greencastle-Antrim I 170 1 53,735 I 38 I 12,011 I I 4-4
I I I I TABLE 4-C LEAD I CASD GREENE TGJP. I 1989 1990 I 5,032 2,678 805 4,800 2,550 774 1 1 NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES AT LEAD RESPONSIBLE FOR WAGE TAXES TO GREENE TOWNSHIP AND CHAMBERSBURG
AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT 11 1983 1 5,440 I 2,751 I 727 1I 5,303 2 , 749 5 , 287 2,764 1987 5,311 2,809 11 1991 I 4,599 I 2,452 I 746 I1 Source: Chambersburg Area Wage Tax Board. 4.3 JOURNEY
TO WORK CHARACTERISTICS Journey to work characteristics closely relate to the overall economic base of a region. Journey to work data for a municipality is reflective of the employment
opportunities within a given area. Table 4-D illustrates that approximately 79% of those individuals that do not work at home, work within 24 minutes of their residence. Thus indicating
that many workers work within or very near the Township. Interestingly, when reviewing the data one should notice that 498 individuals commute between 40 to 59 minutes to work, indicating
that these individuals probably commute to the Harrisburg or Hagerstown areas for employment. employment. I 1 I 4-5
TABLE 4-D Did not work at home: less than 5 minutes 5 to 9 minutes 10 to 14 minutes 15 to 19 minutes 20 to 24 minutes 25 to 29 minutes 30 to 34 minutes 35 to 39 minutes 40 to 44 minutes
45 to 59 minutes 60 to 89 minutes 90 or more minutes II Worked at home GREENE TOWNSHIP TRAVEL TIME TO WORK CHARACTERISTICSl 1989 NUMBER 322 679 1,539 1,109 933 226 324 70 57 250 248
22 234 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. 4.4 INCOME CHARACTERISTICS The median household income of a municipality is closely related to its educational attainment
level. Median income data for a municipality is reflective of the relative affluence of an area and illustrates the area's standard of living conditions. Therefore, problem areas related
to education and economic stability can be identified and addressed in Greene Township. Table 4-E illustrates the income characteristics of Greene Township in comparison with several
surrounding municipalities as well as the income characteristics for Franklin County and the State of Pennsylvania. The median household income for Greene Township ranks fifth at $30,976
when compared to the median household income of seven adjacent municipalities. Greene Township's median household income is just above Franklin County's ($28,806) median household income
and over $1,900 above the statewide median household income. Greene Township ranks first in terms of the smaller percentage of families below poverty level in the region (see Table 4-F)
. In comparison with the percent of families below poverty level, Greene Township is significantly lower at 3.0% than Franklin County (5.7%) and Pennsylvania ( 8 . 2 % ) . Based upon
these statistics, it can be inferred that residents of Greene 1 I 4-6
I I I I 1 I I I I I I 1 I Township enjoy a higher "Standard of Living" than most families in other parts of the County and State. However, nearly 11.0% of the Township's senior citizens
live below the poverty level. TABLE 4-E GREENE TOWNSHIP AND SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES OVERALL MEDIAN, MEDIAN FAMILY, AND MEDIAN NON-FAMILY HOUSEHOLD INCOME -1989 MEDIAN NON-FAMILY Franklin
County Franklin Township (1) 27,685 31,889 15,824 Southampton Twp. (2) 31,096 33,716 18,875 Source: united States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. (1) Adams County, Pennsylvania.
(2) Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. TABLE 4-F GREENE TOWNSHIP AND SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES POVERTY STATUS -1989 Source: United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. (1)
Adams County, Pennsylvania. (2) Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. 4-7
4.5 EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS I I 1 I I I D I 1 1 I I I I 1 1 4.5.1 Labor Force Characteristics According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, a total of 6,304 persons
or 53% of Greene Township's population is considered part of the Civilian Labor Force. As indicated in Table 4-G, there were 267 persons or 4.3% of the Township's Civilian Labor Force
unemployed as of 1990. In comparison, this figure falls above that for the County (3.9% or 2,441 persons) and below that for the Commonwealth (6.0% or 344,373 persons). Furthermore,
71.8% of all males are employed while only 57.8% of all females are employed. Greene Township's unemployed percentage of the total labor force is equal to that of Chambersburg Borough
and lower than adjoining municipalities in Adams and Cumberland Counties. All other municipalities in Franklin County show much lower unemployment rates compared to Greene Township,
TABLE 4-G GREENE TOWNSHIP AND SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS, 1990 Source: United State8 Department of Coumerce, Bureau of Censue. (1) Adams County, Pennsylvania.
(2) Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. 4.5.2 Employment bv Industry Employment by industry can serve as a reasonable indicatiio of the composition of the Township's present economic base.
The 1990 Census classifies workers by fifteen (15) industry groups. As illustrated in Table 4-H, 76.4% of all workers are concentrated in essentially six ( 6 ) major groups: professional
services, retail trade, public administration, manufacturing (durable and non-durable goods), and construction. 4-8
I ' 1 I 1 I 1 1 I I I l TABLE 4-H GREENE TOWNSHIP EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY -1990 I CATEGORY I NUMEER I PERCENTAGE I I 1,306 1 21.6 I I I I Retail trade 968 16.1 Public Administration 814
13.5 I Manufacturing, durable goods I I Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. Of those classified in the professional and related services category, 43,7% were in health
services, and 31.4% were in educational services, Employment by occupation (see Table 4-1) also provides an indication of the composition of an area's economic base. Of those employed
persons 16 years and over, nearly 27% are employed in technical, sales or administrative support occupations. Furthermore, nearly 25% are employed in managerial and/or professional specialty
occupations. The highest employment numbers are found in the professsiona specialty and administrative support occupatioons They complement the employment numbers and percentages in
the professional, retail and public administration industries. 4-9
TABLE 4-1 I I 1 I 8 I 1 I I 1 1 I GREENE TOWNSHIP EMPLOYMENT BY OCCUPATION -1990 Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations Technicians and related support occupations Sales
occupations Private household occupations Protective service occupations Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Source: U.S. Department
of Commerce, Bureau of Censue. 4.6 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS A study of the economic resources and activities in Greene Township is an essential part of the comprehensive planning
process, The growth of a local community depends to a great extent on existing economic conditions within the township, surrounding municipalities and the region. In areas where economic
conditions are sound, the potential for continued growth is enhanced. When adequate employment opportunities are available, a township normally experiences population growth and economic
stability. Changes in the number of job opportunities produce changes in the resident population. This in turn changes the general development activity in and around a township. As the
employed labor forces increases, the total wages and salaries paid increases the disposable income available to meet the demand on the provision of goods and services produced and sold.
The economic base of Greene Township has the ability to grow and prosper significantly over the next decade. This to a large extend depends on the Township's willingness and capability
to embrace the economic advantages and opportunities afforded to it by the Township's unique location within the Greater Chambersburg region. 4-10
Federal, state and local government is a major employer in Franklin County. Its impact is pronounced in Greene Township due to the presence of the Letterkenny Army Depot (LEAD) to the
northwest and Chambersburg (Franklin County seat) to the west. Other regional economy forces include farming, mining and other natural resource activities within the Township. In addition,
several commercial activities prevail in or adjacent to the Township. They have followed the historical settlement pattern of the major thoroughfares and residential subdivisiions As
a result, there is a substantial interdependence on the region for sustaining the local community with employmeent goods and services. The majority of Greene Township's employed labor
force
commute relatively short distances (79% with a 24 minute or less drive from home to work). Median household incomes for 1989 in Greene Township exceed the average of $29,852 for the
adjoining municipalities, as well as the average of $28,806 for Franklin County and $29,069 for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. In addition, Greene Township had the smallest percentage
of families below the poverty level in the region. However, nearly 11% of the Township's senior citizens live below the poverty level. Approximately 53% of the Greene Township residents
are considered in the civilian labor force. In 1990, the unemployment rate was 4.3% (267 persons out of 6,304). This was slightly higher compared to Franklin County (3.9%) and much lower
than the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (6%). The Greater Chambersburg area exhibits a very healthy employment picture with an average of 3.6% unemployment rate. Greene Township's employment
is predominantly in the fields of professional services, retail trade, public administration, manufacturing and construction. The majority of professional services ( 7 5 % ) was in the
health and educational areas. The highest number of employment is found in the professional specialty and administrative support occupations (52%). I I 4-11
I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 I I I I I 1 -CHAPTER 5 HOUSING ANALYSIS
!' CHAPTER 5 HOUSING ANALYSIS I 5.1 I 1 INTRODUCTION The housing conditions of a municipality are a reflection of the makeup of the residential population, and can be tied to its quality
of life. Adequate and attractive housing provides a positive perception of a community, and invites investment in the Township. Well-maintained housing creates a sound tax base that
will continue to appreciate in value and assure that Township residents are living in an environment conducive to safe and healthy living. 1 I I 5.2 I I I 1 In order for a municipality
to adequately plan and provide for citizens of all socio-economic backgrounds, an inventory and analysis of the housing stock is necessary. The existing quality of life and availability
of housing is extremely important to the prosperity of Greene Township. An analysis of current housing conditions and projected population levels and characteristics assists in identifying
housing needs for the future. Housing needs, both present and future, can be evaluated, and courses of action can be recommended to meet this demand. Another important feature of the
local housing market is the variety of housing types and prices. This variety provides housing opportunities for various population groups. HOUSING INVENTORY The 1990 Census reveals
that Greene Township had 4,897 housing units. This number amounted to 470 more units than 1980. The U.S. Census defines a housing unit as a house, an apartment, a mobile home or trailer,
a group of rooms or a single room occupied as separate living quarters, or, if vacant, intended for occupancy as separate living quarters. Table 5-A provides a breakdown of current and
past housing counts for Greene Township, surrounding municipalities, the State of Pennsylvania and Franklin County. As shown on this Table, Greene Township showed a 61.3% increase in
housing units from 1970 to 1980, and only 10.6% from 1980 to 1990. I Page 5-1
I HOUSING -XOUSING UNITS -% CHANGE UNITS % CAANCE MUNICIPALITY 1970 1980 1970-1980 1990 1980-1990 ? Pennsylvania 3,880,102 4,596,431 18.5% 4,938,140 7.4% Franklin County 33,310 42,624
28.0% 48,629 14.1% 11 Greene Township 2,745 4,427 61.3% 4,897 io.6a Southampton Township 954 1,627 70.6a 2 , 107 29.5a Letterkenny Township 420 751 78.8a 999 33.01 Chambersburg Borough
6,067 6,939 14.4% 7,618 9.m Guilford Township 2,691 3,646 35.5) 4,372 19.98 Franklin Township (1) 1,111 1,542 38.8% 1,809 17.3t Southhampton Townshq (2) 704 988 40.3a 1,253 26.8a Eamilton
Township 1,453 2,266 55.98 2,980 31.58 I I I I 1 1 I I I 1 I TABLE 5-A GREENE TOWNSHIP AND SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES, COUNTY AND STATE TOTAL HOUSING TRENDS, 1970 -1990 The percentage
of change in the number of housing units between 1970 and 1980 for Greene Township was over twice the increase in Franklin County and over three times the increase in the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania. The Township has experienced a relatively high growth rate in housing units as compared to most surrounding municipalities except Southampton and Letterkenny to the
north of Greene. The significant increase in the housing supply and the moderate population growth during the 1970's are indicative of the decrease in the number of persons per household
which has been taking place over the past several decades. The majority of surrounding municipalities and Franklin County have had higher percentages of increase between 1980 and 1990.
Greene Town-ship only surpassed Chambersburg Borough and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. However, the typical household size is stabilizing and the number of new housing units should
more closely match population increases over the next twenty (20) years. Table 5-B compares the 1990 occupancy status of housing units in Greene Township with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
Franklin County, and several surrounding municipalities. Greene Township has the second highest owner-occupancy rate (77.2%) in the Greater Chambersburg area, behind only Guilford Township;
and, the second lowest renter-occupancy rate (14.6%), behind only Southampton Township in Cumberland County. This indicates the popularity of the Township as a permanent place of residence.
Page 5-2
TABLE 5-B GREENE TOWNSHIP AND SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES, COUNTY AND STATE HOUSING UNITS BY OCCUPANCY STATUS, 1990 Bamilton Tup. Chambersburg Boro. 7,618 3,121 48.9% 3,511 46.ia 380
5.0% 10 Guilford Twp. 4,312 3,435 78.6% 713 17.78 164 3.8% 12 Franklin Twp. (1) 1,809 1.101 60.91 332 18.44 376 20.8% 323 Southampton Twp(2) 1,253 1,028 82.0% 142 11.3% 83 6.7% 32 SOURCE:
United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. (1) Adam6 County (2) Cumberland County Housing units are considered vacant if no one is living in it at the time of census enumeration,
unless its occupants are only temporarily absent. Units temporarily occupied at the time of census enumeration entirely by persons who have a visual residence elsewhere also are classified
as vacant. New housing units not yet occupied are considered vacant housing units if exterior windows and doors are installed and final usable floors are in place. The Township contains
401 vacant units or 8.2%. As reflected on Table 5-B, a majority (60%) of the vacant units are for seasonal, recreational or seasonal use. This in effect reduces the housing vacancy rate
to under 5%, and is considered a very healthy housing market. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3%, while the renter vacancy rate was 5.3% in 1990. 5.3 HOUSING TYPES An important characteristic
often ignored in the analysis of a community's housing conditions is the type of residential units. The Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code as amended by Act 170 of 1988, places
new emphasis on the need to encourage the consideration of a variety of housing needs for the community and its residents, including types and costs of housing. The 1990 Census breaks
down the types of housing units into the following categories: 1 Unit, Detached -This is a one-unit structure detached from any other house; that is, with open space on all four sides.
Such structures are considered detached even if they have an adjoining shed or garage. A one-family house that contains a Page 5-3
I e I I 1 I 1 1 I m I business is considered detached as long as the building has open space on all four sides. Mobile homes or trailers to which one or more permanent rooms have been
added or built are also included. 1 Unit, Attached -This is a one-unit structure that has one or more walls extending from ground to roof separating it from adjoining structures. In
row houses (sometimes called townhouses), double houses, or houses attached to non-residentiia structures, each house is a separate, attached structure if the dividing or common wall
goes from ground to roof. 2 or more units -These are units in structures containing two or more housing units, furthermore categorized as units in structures with 2, 3, or 4, 5 to 9,
10 to 19, 20 to 49, and 50 or more units. Mobile home or trailer -Both occupied and vacant mobile homes to which no permanent rooms have been added are counted in this category. Mobile
homes or trailers used only for business purposes or for extra sleeping space and mobile homes or trailers for sale on a dealer's lot, at the factory, or in storage are not counted in
the housing inventory. Other -This category is for any living quarters occupied as a housing unit that does not fit the previous categories. Examples that fit this category are houseboats,
railroad cars, campers and vans. Table 5-C shows the number and percentages of housing types for Greene Township, the State of Pennsylvania, Franklin County and several surrounding municipalities.
The vast majority of all 1990 housing types in Greene Township is in the category of single-family detached dwelling units (71.8%). The next highest percentage of housing types is in
the category of mobile homes (19.2%). Therefore, single-family detached conventional and mobile homes dominate the Township housing supply (4,456 out of a total 4,897 housing units or
91%). Greene Township greatly exceeds the proportion of conventional and mobile single-family dwellings in the State of Pennsylvaani (60%), Franklin County ( 7 8 % ) , and the region
made up of Greene Township and adjoining municipalities (72%). In the alternative, multi-family dwellings and single-family attached dwellings are prevalent in Chambersburg Borough (54%);
in Franklin County these only account for 21% of the total units, and in Greene Township, 9% of the total units. Page 5-4
TABLE 5-C GREENE TOWNSHIP AND SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES, COUNTY AND STATE NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF HOUSING TYPES, 1990 Greene Twp. 4,897 3,516 71.8% 190 3.9e 206 4.2% 33 0.79 12 0.2%
940 19.2% Southampton ~ w p . I 2,107 I 1,404 I 66.6% I 50 I 2.4% I 68 I 3.2% I 97 I 4.6% I 86 I 4.18 1 402 I 19.1% Letterkenny Twp. I 999 I 726 I 72.7% I 2 I 0.28 I 208 I 20.8% ~~ Hamilton
Twp. I 2,980 I 2,000 I 67.18 I 146 I 4.98 I ~ 123 I 4.18 1 186 I 6.38 I 30 I 1.08 1 495 I 16.60 Guilford Twp. 4,372 3,556 81.4% 84 1.9% 249 5.7% 62 1.48 71 1.6% 350 8.0% Franklin Twp.
(1) I 1,809 1,444 I 79.81 I 8 1 0.4% 1 55 I 3.1% I 11 I 0.6% I 19 I 1.1% I 272 15.0% Southampton Twp. (2) I 1,253 I 965 I 77.0% I 11 [ 0.9% I 14 I 1.1% I 7 I 0.6% I 1 I 0.1% I 255 I
20.3% Source: United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Cenaue. (1) Adam6 County (2) Cumberland county Page 5-5
I ' , I 5.4 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS 5.4.1 Introduction There are many indices of measuring housing conditions in Greene Township. These indices include size and age of housing, and the
utilities serving the housing. They provide specific parameters for examining the quality of housing, as prescribed by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Pennsylvania
Department of Community Affairs. The U.S. Bureau of the Census categorizes housing units by tenure and certain conditions. Tenure is divided between owners and renters of the housing
units; conditions address over-crowdedness, aging, lack of complete plumbing or kitchen facilities, presence of public or community water or sewer systems, and type of heating methods.
5.4.2 Size of Housinq As shown on Table 5-D, the average number of rooms for all listed housing units in Greene Township was 5 . 8 rooms. This is the same average as the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania and Franklin County including the composite of surrounding municipalities. As As per 1990 Census information, owner-occupied units averaged 6.1 rooms per unit, as opposed
to 5.0 for renter-occupied units. In addition, persons per housing unit averaged 2.67 for owner-occupied units, while renter-occupied averaged slightlyless at 2.56 persons. Therefore
it appears that owner-occupied housing units throughout the Township are typically larger and are inhabited by more people than renter-occupied units. Overcrowded conditions for a housing
unit are specified by the U.S. Bureau of Census as a unit having 1.01 or more persons per room. Table 5-D indicates that fortyttw (42) overcrowded units or less than one percent of the
total occupied housing units are found within Greene Township. This is exceeded by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and Franklin County. It appears that the nominal amount of overcrowded
housing units is equal to the region. Page 5-6
TABLE 5-D 1939 or earlier I 933 GREENE TOWNSHIP AND SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES, COUNTY AND STATE NUMBER OF ROOMS AND PERSONS PER ROOM BY TOTAL HOUSING UNITS, 1990 Source: U n i t e d
State6 D e p a r t m e n t of Commerce, B u r e a u of C e n s u s . (1) A d m a C o u n t y (2) C u m b e r l a n d C o u n t y 5.4.3 Acre of Housinq A housing structure's age can be
a general guide to potential problems or deficiencies with structural design or overall condition. Table 5-E separates housing construction by the following time periods: TABLE 5-E AGE
OF GREENE TOWNSHIP HOUSING STOCK YEAR HOUSING NUMBER OF UNITS WERE BUILT HOUSING UNITS 1989 to March 1990 1985 to 1988 433 1980 to 1984 451 1970 to 1979 1,009 1960 to 1969 I 1950 to
1959 1940 to 1949 I 849 I i:: Source: U n i t e d States D e p a r t m e n t of Cormnerce, B u r e a u of C e n s u s . As shown, the time period of greatest construction was 1970 to
1979 in which approximately 20.7% of all Township housing units were constructed. The time period of 1939 1939 or earlier showed the second highest amount of building construction with
19.1% of the entire housing stock within the Township. Page 5-7
I I D Between 1980 and March 1990, another 1,107 housing units were built (22.7% of the total housing stock). Consistent gains on the average of 15% per decade were experienced from
1960 to 1990. The greatest increment occurred during the 1950's, which almost doubled the previous decade's number of housing units built. The housing units built between 1940 and 1959
were about equal to the number of the housing units built in 1939 or earlier. 5.4.4 Utilities in Housinq Another indicator of the degree of housing quality is the lack of complete plumbing
facilities or kitchen facilitiies Housing units with complete plumbing facilities include hot and cold piped water, a flush toilet, and a bathtub or shower inside the premises. In Greene
Township, only 1.0% of the total number of housing units lack complete plumbing facilities (see Table 5-F) . This percentage is much less than for Franklin County. In the Township, a
very small number or 0.8% of the existing dwellings lack complete kitchen facilities. A complete complete kitchen includes all of the following: 1) an installed sink with piped water,
2) a range, cook top and convention or microwave oven, or cook stove, and 3 ) a refrigerator. This percentage is similar to the Statewide standard, but it is one-half the ratio for housing
units in Franklin County. Table 5-F also provides data on the type of sewer and water services available for the Township's housing units. A large proportion utilizes a public or private
company water system (80.2%) and a public sewer system (73.8%). This percentage is greater than the Commonweaalt of Pennsylvania and Franklin County. In regard to home heating, fuel
oil has the highest preference in Greene Township with a percentage of 47.4% of the total housing units (see Table 5-G). Electricity is the second choice of Township residents with 30.9%
of the dwellings utilizing this method of heating. Others in order of preference are: natural gas (lO.l%), miscellanneou fuels (9.6%), and bottled, tank or liquid propane gas (2.0%).
Almost all municipalities adjacent to Greene Township indicate a greater number of housing units with fuel oil compared to other forms of home heating. Greene Township has a higher percentage
than the average for the region ( 4 2 . 5 % ) , but this percentage is lower than Southampton Township in Cumberland County. Chambersburg Borough is the only municipality in the region
that contains more housing units which use natural gas; Hamilton Township prevails in the majority of all occupied housing units using electric for home heating. Page 5-8
TABLE 5-F GREENE TOWNSHIP, FRANKLIN COUNTY AND COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA PERCENTAGE OF ALL HOUSING UNITS WITH CERTAIN PLUMBING CHARACTERISTICS, 1990 Source: United States Department
of Comerce, Bureau of Census. TABLE 5-G GREENE TOWNSHIP AND SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES, COUNTY AND STATE PERCENTAGE OF OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS WITH CERTAIN FUEL CHARACTERISTICS, 1990
A l l Occupied Bottled, Fuel O i l I 1 H;ou;:g 1 UtAilty 1 oTr aLnPk , Gas I Electric 1 KerOors ene 1 z:h;zne I Municiualitv Source: United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census.
(1) Adams County ( 2 ) Cumberland County 5.5 HOUSING VALUES AND RENTAL RATES The value of a housing unit is another indication of the variety of housing types and prevalent conditions.
The median value of housing units in Greene Township is $74,600 according to the 1990 census. This correlates with the relatively high median household income and the very low rate of
unemployment in the Township. Table 5-H provides information directly relating to housing value in the Township which is significantly higher than Franklin County and the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania. The largest number of homes in the Township (1,586 or 41% of the total housing units) is in the $50,000 to $99,000 price range. The next highest numbers of homes are
found between the under $50,000 price range (496 or 13.1%) and the $100,000 to $149,000 price range (440 or 11.6%). Page 5-9
i ' 1 Municipality Pennsylvania Franklin County When one looks at the upper quartile, which is defined as the lower limit of the upper one-quarter of the housing units in the distribution
of price ranges, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania surpasses both Greene Township and Franklin County. Therefore, housing values in the Township would be viewed moderately-priced for
Pennsylvania. Total Less $50,000 $100,000 $150,000 Lower Upper Housing than to to to Quartile Median Quartile Units $50,000 $99,000 $149,000 $199,999 $200,000+ (dollars) (dollars) (dollara)
3,176,121 829,226 1,017,795 395,881 180,618 157,500 42,500 69,700 109,500 33,193 5,216 14,914 3,267 794 368 52,900 70,500 93,100 TABLE 5-H Greene Twp. GREENE TOWNSHIP, FRANKLIN COUNTY
AND PENNSYLVANIA DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSING UNITS BY SALE VALUE (DOLLARS), 1990 3,781 496 1,586 440 104 50 55,500 74,600 97,400 Greene Township 715 208 308 50 5 221 281 359 Table 5-1 shows
the gross monthly rent contracted for renteroccuupie housing units in 1990 for Greene Township, Franklin County and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Unlike the higher median value for
owner-occupied housing units, the median rental rate for Greene Township was $281, which is slightly higher than Franklin County at $273 but much less than the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
at $322. However, it should be noted that there are less than 15% of the total housing units occupied by renter households in the Township. Most of these housing units are in the $250
to $499 rent range. This reflects approximately 43% of the total renteroccuupie housing units in Greene Township. The next highest number of these units is in the less than $250 rent
range (29%). This in effect has brought the lower quartile, the upper limit of the lowest one-quarter of the renter-occupied housing units, to a higher level ($221) than both Franklin
County ($209) and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ($271). As a result, rental rates are slightly higher for low and moderate income households in Greene Township compared to other areas
in the region. TABLE 5-1 GREENE TOWNSHIP, FRANKLIN COUNTY AND PENNSYLVANIA DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSING UNITS BY RENTAL RATES (DOLLARS), 1990 Municipality Pennsylvania Franklin County Total
I Less 1 $250 1 $500 I than $250 to $499 I to $749 1 $750+ Page 5-10 I '
5.6 HOUSING COSTS Municipality Pennsylvania The affordability of housing based on income is a major factor in attracting new residents, and keeping current residents. Table 5-J provides
insight as to the owner occupied housing costs for Greene Township. For homeowners with a mortgage, the median monthly costs are $464, which amounted to 16.9% of the average homeowner's
household income in 1989. These costs are much lower than Franklin County and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, as well as the percentage of household income dedicated to such costs.
The same observation is apparent with homeowner costs without a mortgage at $166 per month and 11.2% of the household income. Median Gross Rent Total Median Gross as 0 of Houeehold Renters
Rent (dollars) Income in 1989 1,319,273 404 26.1 Table 5-K draws attention to a comparable low-median gross rent for Greene Township, which is responsible for 20.8% of an average renter's
household income. This is almost identical to the percentage in Franklin County (21.3%), and markedly less than that in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (26.1%). Obviously, the percentage
of 1989 household income for the renter is greater by 3.9% for a homeowner with a mortgage and by 9.6% for a homeowner without a mortgage. TABLE 5-J GREENE TOWNSHIP, FRANKLIN COUNTY
AND PENNSYLVANIA HOMEOWNER COST CHARACTERISTICS WITH AND WITHOUT A MORTGAGE, 1989 I of Household Greene Township 879 464 16.9 II 1,199 166 11.2 Source: U.S Department of Commerce, Bureau
of Census. TABLE 5-K GREENE TOWNSHIP, FRANKLIN COUNTY AND PENNSYLVANIA RENTAL COST CHARACTERISTICS, 1989 Franklin Count Source: U . S . Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. Page
5-11
5.7 SUBSIDIZED HOUSING The Housing Authority of Franklin County is the primary agency administering housing for low and moderate income families. At the present time, the Housing Authority
administers 217 Section 8 certificates and vouchers County-wide. The Authority's Section 8 Program consists of rental certificates which can be used by eligible families to lease privatelyowwne
rental units anywhere in the County. At the present time, none of these units are situated in Greene Township. In addition to the Section 8 Existing Program, the Housing Authority also
administers a conventional public housing program. The Authority's public housing program consists of 366 rental units which are located in Chambersburg and Waynesboro Boroughs. There
are 160 units occupied by elderly individuals and 206 units are occupied by families. In 1991, Franklin County completed a Fair Housing Analysis for its Community Development Block Grant
Program. This study concluded that the major issue facing the County was the lack of affordable rental housing. In Greene Township, 365 out of 715 rental housing units (or 7.4% of the
total housing units) were deemed affordable to low and moderate income individuals and families. An additional 496 ownership housing units (usually mobile homes or trailers) were also
considerable affordable housing. According to the 1990 census, approximately 10.6% of the persons 65 years or older were below the poverty level and 3.0% of families in Greene Township
were below the poverty level. It is estimated that 255 households would require low income housing at this time, and an additional 666 households would qualify under the moderate income
category. There would be a need for at least 60 low and moderate income housing units . 5.8 PROJECTED HOUSING UNITS AND TYPES As illustrated in Section 3.7 of this report, it is projected
that the population of Greene Township will increase to approximately 14,449 persons by the year 2004 and to 16,128 persons by the year 2014. This in turn translates into 5,933 housing
units by the year 2004 and 6,693 housing units by the year 2014. Therefore, there will be an estimated 1,381 additional housing units within the next twenty (20) years. As Table 5-L
portrays by following current trends,, it is projected that by the year 2014, an additional 993 single family dwelling units will be constructed. Mobile homes will most probably account
for an additional 265 units, while the remaining types of housing will account for an additional 122 dwelling units. Page 5-12
TABLE 5-L Rousing Type I I 1 I B I i I I 1 I I I 1 I Number GREENE TOWNSHIP PROJECTED ADDITIONAL HOUSING UNIT TYPE DISTRIBUTION, 2014 Mobile homes, trailers, etc. 2 to 4 Unite 265 58
1 Unit, Attached 55 Source: Naasaux-Hemsley, Incorporated 5.9 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Greene Township, according to the 1990 census, has a total of 4,897 housing units, an
increase of 470 units over the 1980 figure. However, housing growth from 1980 to 1990 decreased significantly from the previous decade by a difference of 50.7%. There were 1,682 new
housing units in the 1970's. Such substantial housing development has experienced a relatively high growth rate compared to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Franklin County and most
municipalities in the vicinity of Greene Township. Despite a 4.0% increase in population between 1980 and 1990, there was a 10.6% increase in housing units. This difference in growth
was reflected in the decline of the household size from 2.87 to 2.65 persons. Nearly 77.2% of the total housing units in Greene Township are owner-occupied. Just over 14.6% are renter-occupied,
and the remaining 8.2% of the units are seasonal or vacant. The vacancy rate is under 5 8 , rentals accounted for 5.3% and home ownership units 1.3%. Home ownership is very popular in
Greene Township. In terms of the type of housing units, a majority of Greene Township's stock are single family detached dwellings (71.8%). Also of noteworthiness is the percentage of
mobile homes within the Township (19.2%). The Township housing supply is dominated by conventional and mobile homes. A minority of the housing units (9% of the total) is in single family
attached and multi-family dwellings. The time period of greatest housing construction was during the 1970's, which constituted approximately 21% of the total housing units and the vast
majority being single family detached dwellings. Overcrowded conditions for a housing unit is specified by the unit having 1.01 or more persons per room. Greene Township has a total
of 42 overcrowded units or less than 1% of the total. I Page 5-13
t 9 I I ,I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I An indication of the degree of housing quality is the lack of complete plumbing and/or kitchen facilities. In the Township, 0.8% of the dwellings
lack complete kitchen facilities and only 1.0% lack complete plumbing facilities. As per the 1990 Census, 80.2% of the Township's housing units utilize public or private water systems,
73.8% are served by public sewers, and 47.4% of the units are heated by fuel oil. The median value of housing units for Greene Township in 1990 was $74,600. The largest number of homes
is in the $50,000 to $99,000 price range. Rentals averaged $281 per month. In terms of housing costs, the median monthly costs for Greene Township homeowners with a mortgage in 1989
was $464, with the percentage of household income being 16.9%. For housing costs of homeowners without mortgages, the average cost for the Township as a whole was $166, with the percentage
of income being 11.2%. Median gross rent was $335, and accounted for 20.8% of household income. In each case, these rates are lower than Franklin County and Pennsylvania. Where affordable
housing for low and moderate income families cannot be found, the Housing Authority of Franklin County provides 217 Section 8 certificates and vouchers. In addition, the County Housing
Authority administers a conventional public housing program which consists of 366 rental units which are located in Chambersburg and Waynesboro Boroughs. It is projected that by the
year 2004 an additional 621 housing units will be constructed within Greene Township. By the year 2014, it is projected that an additional 760 housing units will be constructed, thus
increasing the total number of housing units in the Township to approximately 6,700. Furthermore, it is projected that this total will consist of 993 single family detached dwellings,
265 mobile homes or trailers and 123 multi-family or single family attached dwellings. Page 5-14
I I I I I I I i CHAPTER 6 NATURAL FEATURES ANALYSIS
CHAPTER 6 NATURAL FEATURES ANALYSIS D 6.1 I I 1 I 8 I I I II INTRODUCTION The basis for a planning program is the land and the people that use it. The location and character of Greene
Township's climate, topographic features, soils, geology, water resources, drainage, mineral resources
and environmentally sensitive areas all make up the local physical environment. This environment and the constraints which it imposes, greatly influence the type, intensity, and location
of development and use of land that may take place. Within the identifiable "planning areas" of the Township, it will be argued that the inherent social and ecological values represented
by the natural processes are, in many cases, suitable for many different types of land uses. For example, moderately sloped and well-drained land may have the same suitability for apartment
house development as for active recreational uses. The purpose of this report is to describe and evaluate the natural features of Greene Township and relate this information to environmentally
sensitive areas and potential development within the Township. Natural features play a integral role in the long-range future growth and development of the Township. An understanding
of the limitations and opportunities of these resources will identify the needs for certain types of development and public facilities necessary to maintain the quality of life in Greene
Township, and at the same time, the needs to preserve important environmentallysenssitiv areas and to restrict development in and around these areas. In order to advocate the protection
of environmentallysenssitiv areas, it is critical to analyze the natural processes associated with these areas. Furthermore, such areas must be clearly identified and mapped to define
the boundaries of the key natural features and selected areas to be protected. Environmentally-sensitive areas are land areas whose destruction or disturbance will immediately affect
the life of the community by either creating hazards like floods, sinkholes, landslides and subsidence; or destroying important public resources such as water supplies and the water
quality of water bodies and watercourses; or wasting important producctiv lands and renewable resources. Each of these types of environmentally-sensitive areas threaten the general welfare
of a municipality, and results in economic loss. The direct costs of not protecting these areas can be high. In the private sector, costs may include the reduction of property 6-1
'I I I I I I value or the actual destruction of property; in the public sector, they include finding alternative sources of water supply or installing expensive storm drainage systems.
and water treatment plants. This chapter will review precipitation, slope, soils, geology, water resources, floodplains, wetlands, farmlands, habitats, minerals, and air quality. It
will interpret natural feature characteristics and impacts on potential land development capabilities. These factors include soil suitability for onsiit sewage effluent disposal, building
foundations, streets and parking lots; load-bearing stability by the indigenous bedrock; hydrologic conditions and general natural systems recognized by the best available current local,
state and federal regulations. 6.2 CLIMATE Climate has an indirect impact on development. Temperature changes and rainfall affects an area's erosional processes. As erosion increases,
the stability of soil and rock in an area decreases, limiting the amount of development that can can occur. Greene Township's climate is dominated by a humid and continental type. The
Township's weather system usually originates out of the West and Central Plains area of the United States. To a lesser extent they have also been known to originate from the east, the
Gulf of Mexico, and, to a greater extent, from Canada. Temperatures in the Township average 53OF (11.7OC) with noticeable variations at times between the valley floor and the mountain
areas. The summer mean of 72OF (22.2OC) and a winter mean of 33OF (0.6OC) provide a good climate for most activities, Days on which the temperature rises above lOOOF (37.8OC) are not
frequent. Also, low temperatures are not sustained, although fluctuations down to -40°F (-40°C) have been recorded. The winter temperatures averaging around the freezing mark are responsible
for cycles of freezing and thawing which cause hazardous condition on the roads. (The road pavements of suspended bridges usually freeze before the connecting road portions in such instances).
The growing season on the lower areas averages 180 days, with less reliability above the 800 feet mark (above mean sea level). The first killing frosts usually occur in October, and
the last in April. Killing frosts have been known to occur as early as September and as late as May, but these occurrences are infrequent. The spring weather is due to fluctuations in
warm, cold and freezing conditions and is hazardous to fruit growing, although major losses rarely occur 6-2
8 I I I 1 I I f 8 I 1 6.2.1 Precipitation 6.3 The average yearly precipitation is 40.6 inches (103 cm) , with the heaviest rainfall occurring during the summer months. The annual amount
of precipitation occurring as snow is 28.2 inches (72 cm) for the Township. Snowfall is confined to the months of November through April, with the heaviest recordings occurring in late
February and early March. Rainfall is reasonably intensive with thunderstorms active in the summer months. Occasional hail storms also occur in the summer months which can be damaging
to fruit crops, automobiles, and small constructions. PHYSIOGRAPHY/TOPOGRAPHY The physiography of the Township refers to the description of all the natural features making up the land
composition. In other words, the arrangement and configuration of the land form are physiographic characteristics. Physiography is important to know for land development because some
areas may or may not be suitable for development. For example, development on a floodplain or wetland is restricted because of environmental reasons. However, steep slope areas may be
developed, but the cost involved in preparing the area for development makes this undertaking economically unfeasible. Greene Township lies in the Great Valley Section of the Valley
and Ridge Physiographic Province. This province extends in a sweeping curve through Franklin County in a general southwestnorttheas trend. Our valley portion, known as the Cumberland
Valley, is underlain by calcareous deposits, with considerable areas of outcrop, which have been eroded more rapidly than the siliceous formations. Therefore, the siliceous formations
form the mountain located on the east side of the valley. Elevations above main sea level range from 600 feet (183 m) to 800 feet (244 m) in the valley areas, with mountain peaks ranging
from 1,500 feet (457 m) to 1,800 feet (549 m). 6.3.1 SloDe As aforementioned, the slope, or steepness, of land plays a major role in determining its potential for developmeent The slope
analysis map shows four ( 4 ) separate categories of slope (Map 6 -l ) , plus spot elevations throughout the Township. The 0% to 7% flat and gently rolling areas are considered the areas
most susceptible to community built-up development and efficient farming. I 1 /I 6-3
I I i D D I 1 The moderately sloped areas (8% to 15%) may be considered suitable for less-dense forms of community development and those agricultural practices which can utilize such
slopes, such as fruit farming. The steep slope category (16-25%) can be recognized as more difficult yet not impossible for development, therefore being suited to very low density development,
recreation and other compatible uses. The severe slope category (over 25%) would be prohibited for development and protected by conservation. As Greene Township is endowed with a good
ratio of these varying slopes, it means the future of the community could be well-balanced. The approximate ratios of the various categories are as follows: Slope No. of Acres % of Land
Area 0% to 7% 28,571.6 75.7% 8% to 15% 3,719.4 9.9% 16% to 25% 2,967.6 7.8% over 25% 2,501.4 6.6% Total 37 , 760 .O 100.0% The location of these slope categories show the flat areas
extending from Fayetteville to Scotlandland a large area in the northwest of the Township centered in Greenvillage. The steep areas are well interwoven with lesser slopes , except for
the mountain range extending in the northeastern end of the Township. The limestone formations coupled with the steep sloped areas tend to make the cost of community development prohibitive
with regard to construction of pipelines, roads, and associated community infrastructure. 6.4 SOILS The composition of soils also plays a key role in developmennta and agricultural patterns.
Soils with a high degree of vegetative matter may be more suitable for agriculture, whereas soils with a high degree of acid deposition may be more suitable for development. For these
reasons, soils are classified as to their different types and quality. Soils are the resultant product of the weathering of bedrock and the mixing of organic material combined with the
effects of physical erosion and chemical weathering. They are the weathered material that covers the surface of the earth. Due to the high variability of elements found in the soil,
they 6-4
also tend to have a high rate of variability. Soils are constantly being formed and changed. A knowledge of the processes that form soils, and a knowledge of types of soil available
in a given area are needed for development and agricultural purposes. Soils have different physical characteristics and limitations. Some areas may be covered with shallow soils, while
others may be deeply covered. Some areas may be stripped barren of soil altogether. Soils may be well or poorly-drained, or even remain water-logged for extended periods of time (such
as wetlands). All these factors play a role in determining development types and patterns in a given area. Soils that have profiles that are similar in nature make up a soil series.
A series has major horizons which are similar in thickness, arrangement, and other important characteristics. These series are named for features or places where a soil of that series
was first located. With differences in such things as surface texture, stoniness, degree of erosion and other features affecting their use, further breakdowns in classifications are
necessarily made. The physical characteristics of soils are not the only factor used in determining soil classifications. Grouping soils that are similar in suitability for a specified
use is also a method used in soil surveys, such as classifying a group of soils which are considered prime for use as farmland. Soil series more often than not are found grouped together
in the same area. Differences in percentages of one soil to another in these areas is another form of soil classification. Soil series that are grouped together have been termed soil
associations. Each soils association is named for the major series of soils found in the association with the soil forming the majority of the area listed first, the second most abundant
soil listed second, to the soil with the least percentage of soil found in the association. While the nature of an association may not include all the series found, many of these series
occur in such small percentages that they are considered negligible. The soil associations found in Greene Township have been illustrated on Map 6-2 and a description of each association
is as follows: 1. Haserstown-Duffield Association -Deep, well-drained, nearly level to steep soils formed in materials weathered from limestone; located in valleys. This association
consists of soils in the limestone valleys near Chambersburg. It is about 57% Hagerstown soils, 10% Duffield soils, and 33% minor soils. The 6-5
Hagerstown and Duffield soils are deep and well drained. The minor soils are principally of the Clarksburg, Edom, Nolin, and Ryder series. Nearly all of this association has been cleared
and is used for crops, orchards, hay and pasture. A few areas are used for urban and industrial developments. The soils are among the best in the County for farming, and they have few
limitations for the use. Sinkholes are a limitation to some community development and engineering uses. On-site disposal of sewage effluent could result in contamination of the groundwater
by drainage into the sinkholes or into solution caverns and channels in the underlying limestone. 2. Murrill-Laidia Association -Deep, well-drained, gently sloping to moderately steep
soils formed in colluvium; located on mountain foot slopes. This association consists of soils on the foot slopes of South Mountain. It is 75% Murrill soils, 10% Laidig soils, and 15%
minor soils. The Murrill and Laidig soils are deep and well drained. The minor soils are principaall of the Andover and Buchanan series. Nearly all of this association has been cleared
and is used for crops, hay, pasture, and orchards. A few areas, mostly the steep or stony areas are wooded. The soils are among the best in the country for farming, and they have few
limitations for the use. Sinkholes are the main limitation for some uses. On-site disposal of sewage effluent could result in the contamination of the groundwaate by drainage into the
sinkholes or into solution caverns and channels in the underlying limestone. 3. Hiqhfield-Glenville Association -Deep, well-drained to somewhat poorly drained, gently sloping to very
steep soils formed in materials weathered from metabasalt, rocks containing mica, and metarhyolite; located on tops and sides of mountains. This association consists of soils specifically
located on the top and sides of South Mountain. The association is about 59% Highfield soils, 9% Glenville soils, and 32% minor soils. The Highfield soils are deep and well drained.
The Glenville soils are deep and somewhat poorly drained or .moderately well-drained. The minor soils are principally of the Laidig, Edgemont, Bedington, Hazleton, and Dekalb series.
6-6
1 1 I I 1 D I I 1 1 I I Much of this association is wooded. Some areas have been cleared and are used for crops, hay, pasture, orchards and urban development. Some areas are too stony
or too steep for cultivation. Stoniness, slope, and sandstone fragments are the major limitations for most community development and recreational uses. About one-third of this Association
is owned by the State of Pennsylvania. 4. Weikert-Berks-Bedinaton Association -Shallow to deep, well-drained, nearly level to very steep soils formed into materials weathered from shale
and interbedded shale, siltstone; located in valleys. This association consists of soils in the valleys near Chambersburg. It is about 40% Weikert soils, 20% Berks soils, 10% Bedington
soils, and 30% minor soils. The Weikert soils are shallow and well-drained. The Berks soils are moderately deep and well-drained. The Bedington soils are deep and well-drained. The minor
soils are primarily of the Atkins, Brinkerton, Blairton, Markes, and Philo series. Much of this association has been cleared and is used for crops. Some areas are wooded, particularly
areas of steep soils. A few areas are used for urban development, and one area is federally owned. Depth to bedrock, slope and shale fragments are the major limitations for the association.
5. Dekalb-Laidiq-Very Stony Land Association -Moderately deep to deep, well-drained, nearly level to very steep soils formed in colluvium and in materials weathered from sandstone, quartzite,
and very stony land; located on tops and sides of mountains. This association consists of soils and a land type specifically located on the top and sides of South Mountain. The association
is about 20% Dekalb soils, 20% Laidig soils, 17% very stony land, and 43% minor soils. The Dekalb soils are moderately deep and well-drained. The Laidig soils are deep and well-drained.
The minor soils are primarily of the Hazleton, Edgemont, Leetonia, and Andover series. Nearly all of this association is too stony for cultivatiio and, therefore, is wooded. A few areas
have been cleared or have been used for orchards, crops, hay, or pasture. Stoniness and slope are the main limitations. About two-thirds of all state-owned land in Franklin County is
of this association. ,I II 6-7
6.4.1 Soil Limitations for Land Development This section inventories and evaluates the effect of certain soil properties as limitations for development. There are three ( 3 ) major limiting
areas in which soils within Greene Township have been evaluated, which include: 1) limitations for disposal of sewage effluent, 2) limitations for foundations of dwellings of three (
3 ) stories or less with basements, and 3) limitations for streets and parking lots within subdivisions. These limitations have been mapped accordingly. The definitions of the degrees
of limitation are as follows: 1) Slight -soil properties are generally favorable for the rated use and that limitations are minor and easily overcome; 2) Moderate -some soil properties
are unfavorable, but can be overcome or modified by special planning and design; and 3 ) Severe -soil properties are so unfavorable and limitations are so difficult to correct or overcome
that major soil reclamatiion special design, or intensive maintenance are needed. 1. Limitations for On-Site DisDosal of Sewase Effluent -In areas where public sewer service is not available,
it is essential to determine soil limitations with respect to the effective disposal of sewage effluent. These soil limitations may include one ( 1) feature or a combination of the following:
Seasonally high or permanently high water table, which causes effluent to rise to surface areas. Flooding, which produces effects similar to high water tables. Steep or severe slopes,
which force effluent to the surface along the slopes as it drains downward. Shallowness to bedrock, which charges soils with effluent near and at the surface, due to an inadequate absorption
area. Groundwater contamination, a result of insufficcien filtration, which is due to rapid and direct penetration to the water table. 6-8
1 I 1 1 I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I Soils throughout the Township have been evaluated with respect to their limitations for disposal of sewage effluent. Results of this evaluation and
classification are illustrated on Map 6-3. In general, unsuitable soils for on-lot disposal systems are scattered throughout the Township, but exist in greatest quantity east of Fayetteville.
Most lands within the Township and west of Fayetteville are classified as generally suitable for on-lot sewage systems. 2. Limitations for Foundations of Buildinqs of Three ( 3 ) Stories
or Less -Soil properties considered, regarding limitations to construction of foundatiion for buildings of three (3) stories or less in height and less than eight ( 8 ) feet in depth
with basements, are those that affect the ease of excavation and capacity to support load and resist settlement under load. Those that affect excavatiio are wetness, susceptibility to
flooding, density, plasticity, texture, and shrink-swell potential. It is important to note that depth to bedrock and the presence of a high water table are less severe limitations for
buildings constructed without basements. Soils throughout Greene Township have been evaluatte with respect to their limitations for construuctio of foundations for buildings of three
(3) stores or less. Results of this evaluation and classification are illustrated on Map 6-4.1. Geographically, the areas around S.R. 30, north of Chambersburg, along Interstate 81,
and the areas around Scotland have very few limitations for homes with basements (a "slight" rating). The areas of Greenvillage, around Letterkenny, and the areas fringing the South
Mountain area have some limitations that can be overcome (a "moderate" rating). Generally, South Mountain to the east bordering Southampton, Guilford and Franklin Townships, is the area
that, either for environmental reasons or economic reasons, have severe limitations for basements (a "severe" rating). 3. Limitations for Streets and Parkinq Lots in Subdivission -Soil
properties that most affect design and construction of streets and parking lots are the load-supporting capacity, stability of the subgrade, and the workability and quantity of cut and
fill material available. Wetness and flooding affect the stability of the cut and fill material. 6-9
I I 1,' I 6.4.2 Slope, depth to bedrock, stoniness, and wetness affect the ease of excavation and amount of cut and fill needed to reach an even grade. Outside of subdivisions, slope
is less of a limitation than within subdivisions. Soils throughout Greene Township have been evaluatte with respect to their limitations for construction of streets and parking lots.
Results of this evaluation and classification are illustraate on Map 6-4.2. With very little exception, only some soils in the South Mountain area have a severe rating for streets and
parking lots in subdivisions. This is mostly due to steep slopes. The remainder of the Township has a slight to moderate amount of limitations for this use. Hvdric Classification for
Select Soils A hydric soil is a soil that in its undrained condition is saturated, flooded or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions that favor
the growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation. Hydric soils are many times an indicator of the presence of wetland areas. Hydric soils are designed by specific criteria. This
listing of criteria which defines hydric soils is as follows : 1. All Histosols except Folists, or 2. Soils in Aquic suborders, Aquic subgroups, Albolls suborder, Salorthids great group,
or Pel1 great groups of Vertisols that are: a. somewhat poorly drained and have a water table at less than 0.5 feet from the surface at some time during the growing season, or b. poorly
drained or very poorly drained and have either; 1) a water table at less than 1.0 foot from the surface at some time during the growing season if permeability is equal to or greater
than 6.0 inches/hour in all layers within 20 inches, or 6-10
' 1 1 I I 1 1 1 1 I Brinkerton Series Dunning Series I I Br Seasonal water table within 1.5 f e e t of surface during growing season Du, Dv Seasonal water table within 1.5 feet of surface
during growing season I I I Markes Series Nolin Series 2) a water table at less than 1.5 feet from the surface at some time during the growing season if permeability is less than 6.0
inches/hour in any layer within 20 inches, or An, A0 Seasonal water table within 1.5 feet of As, A t Frequently flooded for long duration or surface during growing season very long duration
during the growing season 3 ) soils that are ponded during any part of the growing season, or 4 ) soils that are frequently flooded for long duration or very long duration during the
growing season. Table 6-A contains an inventory and description of the hydric soils found within Greene Township. In addition, these hydric soils are included in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service (FWS) definition of wetland within the wetlands delineated on Map 6-5. Therefore, Therefore, hydric soils are included in any discussion on wetlands in the remainder of this
Plan. Hydric soils are sparsely distributed throughout the Township. Most of the hydric soils are located around the Borough of Chambersburg, to the southwest of Letterkenny Army Depot
and northeast of Greenvillage. TABLE 6-A HYDRIC SOILS FOUND WITHIN GREENE TOWNSHIP of surface durinq qrowinq season 6.5 GEOLOGY Greene Township is underlain by rocks deposited from Cambrian
to the Upper Ordovician Period. Most of underlying the Township are sedimentary in oriqin. the Pretth beds That is over time, sediment accumulated in the area; and, under extreme pressure,
became sedimentary rock formations. These processes that have occurred in the past are presently at work in the Township and are shaping the present landscape. 6-11
I I I I I I I Geologic formations are divided into groups on the basis of the time period the rock was formed. Pre-Cambrian Period formations are predominantly Metarhyolites and Phyllites,
which are types of metamorphic rocks. Lower Cambrian Period formations are predominantly dolomite, limestone and sandstone. Middle Cambrian Period formations through Middle Ordovician
Period formations are predominantly limestone and dolomite. Upper Ordovician Period formations are predominantly shale and limestone. Map 6-6 provides a delineation of the geologic formations
found in Greene Township. Table 6-B contains information n the physical characteristics of each geologic formation found throughout the Township. TABLE NO. 6-B GREENE TOWNSHIP GEOLOGIC
FORMATION AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS FORMATION Om -Martinsburg Formation Oc -Chambersburg Formation Osp -St. Paul Group ops -Pinesburg Station Formation Orr -Rockdale Run Formation
O6h -Stonehenge Formation MAXIMUM THICKNESS 12,800' 700' 580' 300' 2 , 5 0 0 -1,500' CBARACTER OF ROCKS (including Foundation Stability) Bulk of formation is dark gray to black, carbonaceous
and fissile shale containing thin beds of fine grained graywacke; basal park grades into limy shale and platy-weathering, silty limestone. Foundation stability is good, although rock
should be excavated to sound material. Limestton at this site should be investigated for solution openings. Dark gray, thin to medium bedded limestone that characteristically weathers
into cobblestton shapes. Foundation stability is good, although rock should be excavated to sound material. The bedrock should be investigated thoroughly for sinkholes. Light gray limestone;
medial zone of dark gray, thin-bedded limestone and minor Dolomite containing black chert. Foundation stability is good, although rock should be excavated to sound material and should
be thoroughly investigated for possibbl solution cavities. Light to medium gray, thick bedded dolomite with some interbeds of limestone. Black chert and abundant white quartz rosettes
near base. Foundation stability is good but investigattio should be completed for solution cavities. Basal light gray limestone; lower part contaain abundant chert bearing dolomite and
banded limestone. No information is known for foundation stability of this formation. Medium gray, thin to medium bedded limestone; abundant algal limestone in upper half. Foundation
stability is good, although rock should be excavated to sound bedrock and , thoroughly investigated for solution openings. I 6-12
TABLE NO. 6-B GREENE TOWNSHIP GEOLOGIC FORMATION AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) PERIOD FORHATION Lower Cambrian Ost -Stouffers-(continued) town Formation Upper Cambrian Csq
-Shadygrove Formation Middle Cambrian Ce -Elbrook Formation Formation Ca -Antietam Formation Ch -Earpers Formation I CMu -Harpers Formation Upper Nont A l t o Member MAXIMUM THICKNESS
261' 1,000' 2,500* 1,000~ 1 , 000 300' 1,500' 6-13 CHARhC!CER OF ROCKS (including Foundation Stability) Medium gray, thin bedded conglomeratic limestton containing prominent siliceous
seams. Foundation stability is good, although rock should be excavated to sound bedrock. There exists a slight possibility of solution cavities. Light blue-gray limestone containing
brown chert nodules end a few thin beds of sandstton and dolomite. Foundation stability is good, although the formation should be thoroughly investigated for caverns. Cyclical sequences
of medium gray, thick bedded limestone conglomerate, oolitic limestoone interbanded limeetone and dolomite, pure or silt and sand bearing dolomite, and a few limy Sandstone beds. Poundation
stability is good, although the bedrock should be thoroughly investigated for solution cavities. Massive beds of shaly limestone, calcareous shale, some algal limestone and minor amounts
of calcareous sandstone. Foundation stability is good, although a thoroughly investigated for sinkholes and pinnacle bedrock surface should be undertaken Poorly exposed massive, gray
limestone forms bulk of unit; abundant dolomite in lower 300'. Upper 100' is red sandy shale, siltstoone and sandstone. Foundation stability is good, although the bedrock should be excavated
to sound material The formation should also be thoroughly investigated for solution cavities. Upper part is medium-dark gray medium crystalline dolomite, oolitic and laminated; lower
part is medium gray, finely crystalliine sandy dolomite. Foundation stability is good, although the formation should be thoroughly investigated for solution cavities and bedrock pinnacles.
White to gray, medium to coarse grained sandstone and quartzite. Foundation stability is good, provided the formation is excavated to sound material. Green to greenish-gray, fine grained
quartzoos graywacke and graywacke at top. Foundation stability is good, although the formation
should be excavated to sound material. White to light gray, medium to coarse-grained sandstone and quartzite with 20 foot bluegrra quartzite interval near middle of unit Foundation
stability is good, although the formation should be excavated to aound material.
I I TABLE NO. 6-B GREENE TOWNSHIP GEOLOGIC FORMATION AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) I I E 1 PERIOD Cha Alan Geyer and FORMATION Cml -Harpers Formation Lower Mont Alto Member
Cw -Weverton Formation pcr -Catoctin Formation Metarhyolite (Blue) pcm -Catoctin Formation Metarhyolite (Mottled) Pre-Cambrian Source: Engineering Characteristics of the pCp -Catoctin
Formation Phyllite .racteristics J. Peter Wilshusen, HAXIMUM-1-CHARACTER OF ROCKS ~ ~ TBICKNESS lincludins Foundation Stability) 1 -5 1 Basal gray, medium-grained sandstone and quartzite,
typically thin-bedded and crossbeddded Foundation stability is good, although the formation should be excavated to sound material. Interbedded series of gray-green and purplish sandstone
and quartzose graywacke; irrequlaarl distributed, thin, graywacke, conglomeraate quartzite and phyllitic intervals. Foundation stability is good, although the formation should be excavated
to sound material. 1,200' 1,000' Blue, red and gray, uniformly aphanitic metarhyolite; some porphyritic and brecciaate varieties. No information is known on the foundation stability
of this formation. metarhyolite. 1,000~ Mottled, black and brownish-gray porphyritic No information is known on the foundation stability of this formation. Light-green to greenish gray
phyllite infrequently banded in combination6 of blue, pink and green. No information is known on the foundation stability of this formation. 1,000' Rocks 1982. of Pennsylvania. 6.5.1
Geolosic Hazards Geologic hazards include sinkholes, closed depression areas, and past mining areas. These locations are sensitive to development because of the physical instability
of the underlying bedrock. Sinkholes and closed depressions generally occur where limestone is the underlying bedrock and is exposed at or near the surface. Through a chemical reaction
with rainwater, the overlying soil may drop, forming a closed depression. If limestone was exposed at the surface, then the area is known as a sinkhole. Past mining areas are also considered
as geologic hazards, primarily because of slope instability. Great care must be taken when developing in these areas. Recommended uses for these areas are conservation and limited residential
development. 6-14
I i B I ' I I B I I 1 I I I I I I 1 With the exception of South Mountain and the areas north and south of Letterkenny Army Depot, the Township is extensively riddled with sinkholes and
closed depressioons Past mining locations within the Township exist on South Mountain, east of Fayetteville, along S.R. 997 and southeast of Scotland, and to the north along S.R. 696.
6 . 6 WATER RESOURCES Water is one of the most essential commodities of mankind, and, next to air, man's most important resource for survival. An adequate supply of clean water is a
necessary prerequisite for any community contemplating industrial, residential, or agricultural expansion. Water, like soil, plants, and animal life, can generally be considered a renewable
resource. Rain and snow periodically replenish the natural supply of water on the earth's surface, in the soil, and in underground reservoirs and aquifers. This recharge of surface and
ground water is part of the Hydrologic Cycle. Great care must be taken to protect water resources when development occurs. By changing the shape of the landscape, the direction and amount
of overland flow in an area generally changes. If a building is constructed on a groundwater recharge area (such as a wetland), the amount of recharge could be greatly reduced, altering
the natural characteristtic of the surrounding area. For these reasons, it is important to know and understand the different components that, combined, are known as water resources.
6.6.1 Watersheds Greene Township, located within the upper reaches of the Potomac River Drainage Basin, is comprised of three ( 3 ) designated watershed areas. These watersheds are:
1) the Conococheague Creek Watershed, 2) the Back Creek Watershhed and 3) the Conodoquinet Creek Watershed. The Township designated watersheds have been delineated on Map 6-5. The Conodoquinet
Watershed exists in the Township between Route 11 and Route 997 northwest of Greenvillage only. The Back Creek Watershed exists in the Township south of Letterkenny Army Depot. The remainder
of the Township is contained within the Conococheague Watershed. By far, the largest watershed in Greene Township is the Conococheague Creek Watershed, which drains approximately 80%
of Greene Township's total land area. 'I h 6-15
6.6.2 Surface Water Resources The major streams in the Township are, from west to east, as follows: 1. Rowe Run 2. Conococheague Creek 3. Mountain Run 4. Phillaman Run 5. Cold Spring
Run 6. Rocky Mountain Creek There are several large ponds, both of natural and farm origin, located within the boundaries of the Township. These surface waters have been delineated on
Map 6-5. 6 . 6 . 3 Groundwater Resources Before development begins, it is important to understand the groundwater characteristics of the site. If a high water table or a seasonally high
water table exists, buildings with basements may be undesirable or physically unacceptable for the site because of frequent flooding. Development has the potential to alter the rate
of groundwater recharge to an area. These factors help to make the groundwater characteristics of an area important for development. Groundwater plays a vital part in the natural processes
of the hydrologic cycle. Groundwater is an intermediate step in the hydrologic cycle, which is the the continuous circulation of water to the atmosphere, over the land and back to the
ocean over and beneath the land surface. Only a fraction of the total precipitation received per year by Greene Township enters the ground and percolates through the rocks and soil.
The subsurface acts to detain the water and creates a reservoir, commonly known as an aquifer. This aquifer, during rainless periods, is responsible for supplying surface streams and
springs with a more dependable source of water. The availability and quantities of groundwater in a specific area are dependent upon the properties of the subsurface rocks. In general,
sandstone and carbonate rocks make for good aquifers, whereas shales do not. The geologic formations underlying Greene Township, their well yields and the quality of water from the yields
are shown in Table 6-C. 6-16
TABLE 6-C GREENE TOWNSHIP 1 WATER YIELD CHARACTERISMTAXIICWUSH AND QUALITCYHA ROACFTE RG ORF ORUOCNKSD WATER w PERIOD I FORMATION I TAICRNESS I (INCLUDING GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS) 6-17
TABLE 6-C GREENE TOWNSHIP WATER YIELD CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY OF GROUNDWATER (continued) yields obtained from fractured, weathered eone at top of bedrock. Water is soft and of good
quality; water levels show strong eeasonal influence. Pre-Cambrian -Catoctin Source: Engineering Characteristics of the Rocks of Pennsylvania. Alan Geyer and J. Peter Wilshusen, 1982.
In terms of quantity, typically, geological formations that can yield at least three (3) gallons/minute over an extended period of time are considered adequate for domestic supplies.
Geological formations that can produce a minimum of twenty (20) gallons/minute for an extended period of time are considered adequate for non-domestic purposes not involving consumptive
use processes. Upon review of the median domestic and non-domestic well yields for the geologic formations underlying Greene Township, it can be concluded that the entire area of the
Township would be able to adequately supply water to domestic use, whereas fifteen (15) of the twenty twenty (20) formations are able to adequately supply water for nondomeesti uses.
The quantity and quality of Greene Township's groundwater should be of vital concern to the people of the Township. Physical development is primarily related to the land's water production
capabilities. Large industrial water users with great water needs could imperil groundwater supplies in particular areas and should be discouraged unless such development can utilize
surface water supplies. Residential development should also be related to the available water resources. Areas of built-up growth potential with poor water supply cannot support high
density subdivision by the use of individual wells. 6-18
6.7 FLOODPLAINS Floodplains should be recognized as temporary reservoirs that should not be built in or developed. In terms of future development, it should be noted that with the increased
land development of any upstream watershed, stormwater flooding along most rivers will increase intensity and duration due to alteration of natural conditions. Currently, Greene Township
participates in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) authorized by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973. Participation in the
NFIP requires that a municipality adopt minimum floodplain management requirements as set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations in 44 CFR, Section 60.3. These minimum requirements
are typically enacted through a municipal zoning ordinance or a free standing municipal floodplain management ordinance. The above referenced minimum floodplain management requiremeent
are geared towards regulating development within the one hundred (100) year floodplain. This floodplain is an area, that on average, that is likely to flood every one-hundred (100) years
or that has a one (1) percent chance of occurring each year, although a flood of this size may occur in any given year. One-hundred (100) year floodplains located within Greene Township
have been delineated on Map 6-5. They have been extrapolated from Township flood insurance rate maps as published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEW). The lands fringing
the Mountain Run, the Rocky Mountain Creek and the Conococheague Creek have been included on the onehunndre (100) year floodplain map. 6.8 WETLANDS Several definitions have been formed
at the Federal level to define "wetland" for various laws, regulations and programs. These various definitions include those used by the Environmennta Protection Agency (EPA), the Amy
Corps of Engineers (CE), the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), and the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). The regulatory definition of wetland used by the EPA and the CE for administering
the permit requirements of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act emphasizes, hydrology, vegetation, and saturated soils. The Section 404 regulations also deal with other "Waters of the
United States" such as open water areas, mud flats, coral reefs, riffle and pool complexes, vegetated shallows and other aquatic habitats. 6-19
The wetland definition used by the SCS for identifying wetlaand on agricultural land is for assessing farmer eligibility for U.S. Department of Agriculture program benefits under the
"Swampbuster" provision of the Flood Security Act of 1985. This definition emphasizes hydrology, hydrophytic vegetation, and hydric soils. The FWS, in cooperation with other Federal
agencies, State agencies, private organizations and individuals, developed a wetland definition for conducting an inventory of the Nation's wetlands. This definition includes both vegetated
and nonvegeetate wetlands, recognizing that some types of wetlands lack vegetation (e.g., mud flats, sand flats, rocky shores, gravel beaches and sand bars). This classification also
defines deep-water habitats' as permanently flooded lands lying below the deep-water boundary of wetlands. Deep-water habitats include estuarine and marine aquatic beds. The CE, EPA
and SCS wetland definitions include only areas that are vegetated under normalcircumstances, whereas the FWS definition encompasses both vegetated and non-vegetated areas. Except for
the FWS inclusion of nonvegetated areas as wetlands, all of the above referenced, wetland definitions are conceptually the same; they all include three ( 3 ) basic elements --hydrology,
vegetation and soils --for identifying wetlands. For purposes of this Plan, wetlands have been identified using the FWS definition. This definition is as follows: "Wetlands are lands
transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water. For purposes of this classification,
wetlands must have one (1) or more of the following three ( 3 ) attributes: 1) at least periodically, the land predominantly supports hydrophytes; 2) the substrate is predominantly undrained
hydric soils; and 3) the substrate is non-soil and is saturated with water or covered by shallow water at some time during the growing season of each year. I' This definition was chosen
since it is the most comprehensive of the federal definitions and the land areas fitting this definition have already been mapped on U . S . G . S . 7.5 minute quadrangle maps. Wetlands
have been illustrated on Map 6-5. 6-20
Wetlands within the Township occur mostly in the center of the Township, above and below Scotland. The remainder of the wetlands occur along the floodplains of the Mountain Run, the
Rocky Mountain Creek and the Conococheague Creek. However, it should be noted that due to mapping constraints, only wetlands of one (1) acre or greater have been mapped. 6.9 AGRICULTURAL
RESOURCES Greene Township is very reliant on its agricultural resources for economical use. However, development is needed within the Township so that the Township may continue to grow.
Therefore, there must be a way to protect the Township's land base and shield the farming industry from adverse impacts while continuing community development. When developing on or
near farmlands, it is important to consider the site's proximity to nearby development, the quality of access roads to the site, and the availability of public facilities (schools, water
lines, sewer lines and fire protection) to the site. When taken into consideration, these factors will aid in protecting Greene Township's agricultural resources while helping to guarantee
continued community growth. 6.9.1 Prime Aqricultural Lands Prime farmland is best suited for producing food, feed, forage, fiber and oilseed crops. This land is also available for cropland,
pasture land, range land, forest land, or other land, but not built-up land or water. Prime agricultural lands have the soil qualities, growing season and moisture supply needed to produce
sustained high yields of crops economically when treated and managed according to modern farming methods. Prime agricultural soils meet the following criteria: a) The soils have an adequate
moisture supply; b) The soils have a suitable soils temperature regime. These are soils that, at a depth of twenty inches (20" ) , have a mean annual temperature higher than 32OF (OOC);
c) The soils have a pH between 4.5 and 8.4 in all horizons within a depth of 40 inches (1 meter) or in the root zone if the root zone is less than 40 inches deep. This range of pH is
favorable for growing a wide variety of crops without adding large amounts of supplements. 6-21
The soils have no water table or a water table that is maintained at a sufficient depth during the cropping season to allow food, feed, fiber, forage and oilseed crops common to the
area to be grown. The soils lack excessive soluble salts that inhibit plant growth. The soils are not flooded frequently during the growing season (less often than once in two (2) years).
The soils do not have a serious erosion hazard. The soils have a permeability rate of at least .06 inches per hour in the upper 20 inches. Less than 10% of the surface layer in these
soils consists of rock fragments coarser than 3 inches, These soils present no particular difficulty in cultivation with large equipment. Prime agricultural soils, as defined above,
located within the Township have been inventoried in Table 6-D. The have been delineated on Map 6-7. With the exception of the soils on South Mountain and soils south of Letterkenny
Army Depot, almost all of the soils in the remaining areas are classified as Prime Agricultural Soils (providing the slope of the soil is less than 9%). 6.9.2 Asricultural Security Areas
The Agricultural Area Security Law, as amended, prevents municipalities from enacting ordinances that restrict normal farming practices or structures in Agricultural Security Areas.
It also requires state agencies with programs that might negatively affect farmers to conduct their programs in a manner that will encourage the continuance of viable agriculture in
the Agricultural Security Areas. It requires the approval of the Agricultural Lands Condemnation Approval Board of the Commonwealth or local governments use the power of eminent domain
to acquire land in an area. Finally, the law requires that state or locally funded development projects in a security area be reviewed by the state Agricultural Preservation Board and
the local Agricultural Advisory Committee. Inclusion of an area is voluntary and does not prevent the landowner from developing his land. However, the designation does help to limit
development. Agricultural Security Areas for the Township are delineated on Map 7-2. 6-22
TABLE 6-D GREENE TOWNSHIP PRIME AGRICULTURAL SOILS 1 SYMBOL I SOIL MAP UNIT NAME I PESRLCOPEEN T 81 Ck Clarksburg silt loam 0 DsA Duffield silt loam 0 -3 DSB Duffield silt loam 3 -8
PO Pope s o i l s 0 RyB Ryder silt loam 3 -8 Source: U.S.D.A., Soils Conservation Service. Most Agricultural Security Areas are located in the areas of Greenvillage, Scotland, south
of Scotland, and south of Letterkenny Army Depot. A few parcels exist west of Fayetteville and one exists to the northwest of Fayetteville. The remainder of the Township's lands are
not at the present considered Agricultural Security Areas. 6.9.3 Aqricultural Conservation Easements Greene Township is interested in the Pennsylvania Purchase of Agricultural Conservation
Easements (PACE) program and supports participation by those landowners in agricultural security areas. Easements provide protecctio of farmland that is essentially permanent. They 6-23
6.10 can be reviewed after 25 years, however, and if both the state and county boards find that the land under easement is no longer viable agricultural land, the development rights
can be sold to the current owner. In order to be eligible for the PACE program, farmland must be located within an Agricultural Security Area, This program helps to restrict development
in areas that are better suited for agricultural purposes. WILDLIFE AND PLANT RESOURCES The natural environment of Greene Township provides habitat for a variety of fish and wildlife.
These resources have provided a source of recreation and economic revenue in the Township for many years, Plant resources are very important in the reduction of erosion by the dissipation
of raindrop impact energy. Raindrops striking an unvegetated surface churns up the soil, mixing the soil with water. In addition, vegetation retards the overland flow runoff further
limiting soil erosion and root structures, inhibiting mass soil movements down slope by acting as a cohesive soil binder. Even the problems of noise and air pollution associated with
land development can be significanntl diminished by vegetation which can absorb noise, dust and a variety of chemical and gaseous pollutants. Modern wildlife of the Township includes,
but is not limited to, the whitetail deer, cottontail rabbit, gray and fox squirrel, raccoon, opossum, woodchuck, beaver, and pheasant. There are also many types of migratory birds found
within the Township, Greene Township is in an area (southcentral Pennsylvania) that has the widest variety of flora in the state. This flora includes, but is not limited to, the following
types of trees: Elm, Sycamore, Black Willow, Oak (Pin, Black, White, Scarlet, Eastern), Hickory, Birch (River, Sweet, Yellow, White), Dogwood, Maple (White, Sugar, Norway, Red, Silver),
Basswood, Chestnut, Persimmon, and Black Gum. Apart from the need to study the ecological balance in the area, the economic potential and landscape opportunities of the flora are important
assets. 6.11 MINERAL RESOURCES Mineral resources can have great economical value for a land developer. The extraction of sand and gravel deposits constituute a primary industrial activity
within Green Township. 6-24
Sand and gravel are the most basic of all building materials used in concrete, concrete blocks, asphalt paving, stucco and plaster. Historically, the demand for sand and gravel has escalated
with the increase in amount of development. Consideraabl surficial mineral deposits are located along the Conococheague Creek west from Caledonia Park (alluvial sand and gravel) and
downslope from south Mountain (colluvial gravel). The colluvial deposits are also widespread in the eastern third of the Township. In planning the mineral extraction industry within
Greene Township, three ( 3 ) basic considerations should be made: 1. Minerals can only be mined where nature placed the deposits, and these are becoming increasingly rare. 2. Transportation
rapidly increases the cost of building materials. This situation is immediately reflected by the higher building costs, taxes, etc., which adversely affect everyone in an area that does
not produce its own supply of building materials. 3. Mineral extraction is only a temporary temporary use that can and should be considered a logical and valuable transition use of land
as it moves from open space areas to developed lands. A properly reclaimed extraction site can frequently represent far more utility to a community than the land alone was worth. Map
6-8 delineates areas that have in the past or currently are being mined for their resources. Most of these areas were, or are, mined for limestone, sand and gravel. Table 6-E lists the
geologic formations found within the Township and the mineral resources of these formation. Current mining areas within the Township are located west of Fayetteville and north of S.R.
30 at Mt. Cydonia and east of Fayetteville and south of S.R. 30 with Valley Quarries. In addition, there are some areas south of Letterkenny Army Depot which are owned or leased for
future working. 6-25
I 1 I 1 B I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Table 6-E GREENE TOWNSHIP MINERAL RESOURCES GEOLOGIC FORMATION 1 SYMBOL I MINERAL RESOURCES. IF ANY Martinsburg formation om Good source of road
material and fill. Chambereburg formation oc Good source of road material and fill. St. Paul Group OSP Good source of road material and fill: may be high in calcium and suitable for
f luxs t one. Pinesburg Station OPs Good source of road material, riprap, Formation building stone, embankment facing and fill. Rockdale Run formation Orr Good source of coarse aggregate,
agricultural lime and building stone. Stonehenge formation Osh Good source of road material, riprap, building stone, flagstone, embankment facing and random fill. fill. Stoufferstown
formation ost Good source of agricultural limestone and Shady Grove formation -9 Good source of fill. Zullinger formation CZl Good source of road material, riprap, embankment facing,
fill and aggregate. Elbrook formation Ce Good source of road material, riprap and Waynesboro formation Orb Good source of fill. Tomstown formation Ct Good source of agricultural limestone
and Antietam formation Ca Good source of road material and fill. Harpers formation Ch Good source of road material and fill. Harpers formation Cmu,Cml Good source of fill, sand and aggregate.
Mont Alto Members Weaverton formation cw Good source of fill. fill. fill. Catoctin formation Quaternary Alluvium and Colluvium pCr,p€m,pCp Hetarhyolite -good source of road material,
riprap and fill. Ohyllite -no information given. Good source for road construction material. Source: Engineering Characteristics of the Rocks of Pennsylvania 1982. 6.12 AIR QUALITY For
obvious reasons, the air around us is of the highest importance to all living things. As development occurs, air quality standards must be met so that health and human welfare is protected
from airborne particulates and dust. The Department of Environmental Resources (DER) has a constitutional obligation to protect the right to clean air for all Pennsylvanians. The goals
of Pennsylvania’s ambient air monitoring program are to evaluate compliance with the Federal Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and its associated air quality standards; provide real time
monitoring of air pollution episodes; develop data for trend analysis; develop and implement air quality regulations; and provide information to the public on daily air quality conditions
in their area. 6-26
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I m 6.13 Air quality monitoring in Pennsylvania is conducted by three ( 3 ) agencies. These agencies include the Pennsylvania Bureau of Air Quality,
the Allegheny County Health department and the Philadelphia Air Management Services. Within Pennsylvania, there are thirteen (13) air basins and three ( 3 ) non-air basins in which air
quality monitoring occurs. The Pennsylvania Bureau of Air Quality Control conducts air monitoring activities in twelve (12) of the thirteen (13) delineated air basins and all of the
non-air basins. Greene Township is located within the Region 111, Non-Air Basin. Data collected by the Bureau of Air Quality Control is divided into two (2) groups: particulate matter
and gaseous pollutannts The Bureau of Air Quality Control uses the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), as well as several standards of its own, such as fluorides and sulfates.
Particulate matter and gaseous pollutants monitored include total suspended particulate and PM-10 suspended particulate matter; sulfates; lead; nitrates; benzol (A) pyrene; soiling;
sulfur dioxide; ozone; oxides of nitrogen; nitrogen dioxide; and carbon monoxide. There are currently five ( 5 ) air monitoring stations operating within the Region 111, Non-Air Basin.
These include two (2) in Berks County, one (1) in Perry County, one (1) in Dauphin County and one (1) in Blair County. Upon review of the most recent Pennsylvania Air Quality Report
(1991), and upon consultation with the Bureau of Air Quality Control, it was determined that the Region 111, Non-Air Basin is in compliance with all of the air pollutants except ozone.
However, in perspective, no air basin or non-air basin within Pennsylvania is in compliance with the NAAQS for ozone. It should be noted that all PennDOT projects proposed for completion
within Greene Township are required to provide proper planning to assure that adequate measures are taken during project construction to comply with all NAAQS regulations. PennDOT has
promulgated these planning requirements to assist the Bureau of Air Quality in achieving and maintaining attainment status with respect to the NAAQS. ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS
Environmentally sensitive areas exist within Greene Township which warrant special consideration in planning for future development. These areas include the following: e Steep slopes
exceeding 15%; 0 Floodplains; 6-27
8 Severe and hazardous soil limitations for sewage effluent and community development; 0 Wetlands and Hydric Soils; and 0 Karst related hazards (sinkholes and closed depressions). Map
6-9 illustrates the above-referenced environmental constraaint and the following narrative provides a physical description of these resources. 6.13.1 SteeD Slopes The development of
steep slopes is generally discouraged because of the high erosion potential and cost of development. These areas are generally recommended as conservation areas (parks and forests) and
possibly limited residential development. Slopes equal to or greater than 15% are classified as environmentally sensitive, due to the increased potential for erosion, low degree of slope
stability and difficult access in poor weather conditions. As can be seen on Map 6-1, the distribution of steep slopes is widely scattered throughout the Township. In general, the greatest
concentration of steep slopes is found in the southeasster extreme of the Township. Approximately 6,687 acres of the Township is considered as having steep slopes. 6.13.2 Floodplains
Floodplains usually have nutrient rich soils, but because of location, are subject to flood damage. For this reason, these areas are generally recommended as conservation areas (parks
and forests), agricultural use, and limited
residential development (provided sewage disposal systems are kept off the floodplain). Floodplain areas of Greene Township reflect a relatively flat or low land which is subject to
partial or complete inundation from an adjoining or nearby stream, or to unusual and rapid accumulation of surface waters of any source. Floodplains are delineated based upon a flood
that on average is likely to occur once every 100-years, or has a 1% change of occurring each year. Municipal and County regulations governing land use in floodplains must meet the requirements
of the National Flood Insurance Program and the Pennsylvania Flood Plain Management Act. Approximately 2,165.4 acres of the Township falls within the 100-year floodplain. One hundred
year floodplains have been delineated on Map 6-5 along with other natural features. Most floodplain areas exist around major streams in the Township. 6-28
I I 'I ~ 6.13.3 Soil Limitations Certain soils in Greene Township are severely lirnjited for potential community development use. Properties in these soils include depth to bedrock,
slope, internal drainage, flooding, seasonally high water table, parent material restrictions and stoniness. These soils may adversely affect performance of septic systems and other
aspects of community development. Either community development should be restricted, or special treatment should be required. As part of Greene Township's Zoning Ordinance, all planned
residential development must have a centralizze water and centralized sewerage system, preferably, public water and sewer. The land area that is considered marginally suitable comprise
5,216.3 acres, arid those that are considered unsuitable encompass 13,256.6 acres which equates to a total of 18,472.9 acres. The general location of marginally or exclusively unsuitable
soils for sewage effluent disposal are illustrated on Map 6-3. 6.13.4 Wetlands and Hvdric Soils Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. These areas are determined
by wetland hydrology, hydric soils and hydrophytic vegetation, Wetlands provide natural flood control, aquifer recharge, surface water flow stabilization, plant and wildlife habitat,
aesthetic improvements and water quality improvements. Development in wetlands is very difficult and expensive because of the swampy conditions to be overcome. The U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources require permits when developing or encroaching on wetland areas. Recommended development within wetlands is conservation
areas (parks and forests), agricultural and limited residential development. Approximately 1,271 acres are classified by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services as wetlands and hydric soils
in Greene Township, and they are illustrated on Map 6-6. However, it should be noted that wetlands of less than one (1) acre do not appear on the map, yet may exist within the Township,
6.13.5 Karst Related Hazards Hazards include sinkholes and closed depression areas. These locations are considered sensitive because of the physical instability of these areas. Also,
it is very difficult to predict where future subsidence will occur. Sinkholes and closed depression generally occur in areas where limestone is at or near the surface. Therefore, with
the exception of land north and south of Letterkenny Army Depot and South Mountain, the entire Township has a high potential for subsidence. These areas are depicted on Map 6-7. 6-29
I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I 1 8 8 I 1 6.13.6 Composite Environmental Constraints Approximately 57.7% or 21,799.4 acres of Greene Township has been classified as being limited for development
by one (1) or more of the previously referenced environmennta constraints. These areas should be considered separately in the development of planning objectives and the implementation
program. Policies and ordinances may be developed to protect these areas from excessive development and development which may detract from the integrity of these valuable resources.
Environmental constraint areas have been delineated on Map 6-9. 6.14 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS It must be remembered that the location and character on Greene Township's climate,
topographic features, soils, geology, water resources, and environmentally constraining areas all make up the local physical environment. The local physical environment and the constraints
which it imposes greatly influence the type, intensity, and location of development and and use of land that may take place. Greene Township's climate is characterized by a humid continental
type. The Township's weather system usually originates out of the west and the Central Plains area of the United States. Temperatures within the Township rise and fall with consideration
to elevation and season of the year. Precipitation occurs slightly more in the summer months, yet is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. The Township lies entirely within
the Great Valley Section of the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province. Geographically, the Township extends from the southeast part of the Borough of Chambersburg to the western border
of Adams County. Greene Township encompasses four ( 4 ) different soil associatiions These soil associations range from very well drained to somewhat poorly drained. These soil associations
also pose various limitations to development, including limitations for disposal of sewage effluent; limitations for foundations for dwellings of three ( 3 ) stories or less less with
basements; and limitations for construction of streets and parking lots in subdivisions. Soils that exhibit moderate or severe limitations to the above categories are widely dispersed
throughout the Township. Greene Township is underlain by twenty (20) different sedimentary and metamorphic rock groups formed from the Pre-Cambrian time period through the upper Ordovician
time period. The major geologic constraints that exist within the Township are sinkholes and closed depressions which exist in most areas of the Township. 6-30
Generally, all twenty (20) of the geologic formations would be able to supply adequate quantities of groundwater for domestic use, whereas fifteen (15) of the twenty (20) geologic formatiion
are able to adequately supply water for non-domestic use. However,the above conclusion cannot be drawn for large scale, high density domestic uses or non-domestic uses which require
large quantities of water for operation. These types of developments potentially should complete a water supply feasibility study prior to subdivision or land development approval to
determine if the site is capable of supplying adequate quantities of water for the intended use. In addition, these water supply studies should evaluate the feasibility of utilizing
existing community water supply systems located within a reasonable distance. The only major reported groundwater quality problem in the Township is hardness. This is expected, since
most of the Township is underlain by carbonate rocks. The Township is located within the upper reaches of the Potomac River Drainage Basin, and is comprised of three ( 3 ) designated
watershed areas. The largest part of the Township lies within the Conococheague Creek Watershed, which drains approximately 80% of the Township's total land area. The major surface water
bodies located within Greene Township include: Rowe Run, Conococheague Creek, Mountain Run, Phillaman Run, Cold Spring Run, and Rocky Mountain Creek. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Resources and the Pennsylvania Fish Commission have not currently identified any of these bodies of water as degraded surface waters. Floodplain areas of Greene Township reflect a relatively
flat or low land which is subject to partial or complete inundation from an adjoining or nearby stream, or to unusual or rapid accumulation of surface waters from any source. Floodplains
are delineated based upon a flood that on the average is likely to occur once every 100-years or has a 1% chance of occurring each year. Approximately 2,165.4 acres of the Township falls
within the 100-year floodplain. One hundred (100) year floodplains located in Greene Township. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs and similar areas. These areas are determined
by wetland hydrology, hydric soils and hydrophytic vegetation. Wetlands provide natural flood control, aquifer recharge, surface water flow stabilization, plant and wildlife habitat,
aesthetic and water quality improvements. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources require permits when developing or encroaching on
wetland areas. Approximately 1,217 acres are classified by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services as wetlands and hydric soils in Greene 6-31
Township. However, additional wetland areas not identified by the Fish and Wildlife Service may exist within Greene Township. Therefore, the extent and boundaries of all sitespeccifi
wetland areas should be delineated through a wetlands investigation completed in accordance with the methodology contained in the Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional
Wetlands as published in January of 1989 -Approximately 45% of the land within Greene Township is considdere to be overlain by prime agricultural soils. In addition, certain areas have
been designated as Agricultural Security Areas. These areas have been voluntarily participaate in the Agricultural Security Areas Program and are eligible to be participated in the Purchase
of Agricultural Conservation Easements Program, which is one method of preserving prime agricultural lands from development. Wildlife in the Township include the whitetail deer, cottontail
rabbit, squirrel, raccoon, opossum, woodchuck, beaver and pheasant. The flora of the Township includes many different types of coniferous and deciduous trees. These types of trees include
Birch, Maple, Oak, Elm, Sycamore, Black Willow, Hickory, Dogwood, Basswood, Chestnut, Persimmon and Black Gum. There are several areas found within the Township that have potential use
as mineral resources but they are predominantly east of Route 81 and south of Route 997 near Fayetteville. Their resources are generally used as road materials, fill, riprap, agricultural
lime and building stone. In terms of air quality, Greene Township is part of the Pennsylvania Bureau of Air Quality Control's Region 111, Non-Air Basin. Currently, this Non-Air Basin
is in compliance with all of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards except ozone. Approximately 57,7% or 21,799.4 acres of Greene Township has been classified as being limited for
development by one (1) or more environmental constraints. These areas should be considered separately in the development of planning objectives and the implementation program. Policies
and Ordinances may be developed to protect these areas from excessive development and development which may detract from the integrity of these valuable resources. 6-32
r CHAPTER 7 LAND USE ANALYSIS
CHAPTER 7 I I 1 I I 1 I 7.1 7.2 LAND USE ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION Population growth and greater mobility afforded by modern transportation services have resulted in more intensive development
patterns and land use demands. Each type of land use is characterized by a specific public demand which cannot be met through normal market processes. Some public action is normally
required to deal with the current status of existing land use and regulatory guidance for future land use. Therefore, an in-depth inventory and analysis of existing land use is necessary.
Using information from the 1968 Land Use Survey of Greene Township, focused field reconnaissance, and relevant planning documents, a generalized map of current land use in the Township
has been prepared (Map 7-1). The inventory included major categories of non-urban uses (Woodland and Agricultural/Open Space) as well as the traditional range of urban land uses. The
purpose of the land use inventory and analysis is to assess the pattern and intensity of utilization of land in Greene Township. Based on this assessment, it is possible to evaluate
the compatibility of existing land uses, the extent of land consumption, and to predict the direction that future development may be expected to take in light of existing conditions.
The survey also makes apparent the remaining amount and location of land available for future development. Finally, through a comparison with the 1968 land use survey, an identification
of changes in land use may be made. EXISTING DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS The basic configuration of land uses in Greene Township has its roots in the original settlement patterns, with agriculttureopen
space still the predominant land use activity. Chambersburg, strategically located at the junction of several early routes through the region, became the county center for commercial
activity. A steadily evolving road network gradualll made most of Franklin County accessible, with smaller settlements such as Fayetteville, Greenvillage, and Scotland developing at
significant road crossings. The rugged terrain in the eastern part of the Township served to discourage development there and, despite the creation of roads covering most of the Township,
access to some mountainous areas remains limited. Page 7-1
I I I I I i I I B I I I iI The twentieth-century arrival of the automobile and improved roads began to permit non-farm jobholders to locate residences some distance away from employment
centers as locations of choice for residential development. At the same time, the traditional urban cores began to be rivaled as business and service centers by commercial development
at the edges of towns. These trends have led to linear residential developmeen along rural roads and strip commercial activity along major roadways, as illustrated along PA Route 997
and US Routes 11 and 30. Most areas of Greene Township are non-urbanized, consisting of lands under cultivation, open fields, orchards, woodlands, surface water bodies and wetlands.
Agricultural land interspersed with small wooded areas prevail over much of the Township. Orchards are widespread in the foothills surroundiin the Village of Scotland and extensive woodlands
cover the mountains. Surface waters and wetlands are primarily confined to stream valleys. Urban Urban land uses are concentrated in the villages and along major roads. Residential uses
predominate, comprising the major land use in the villages as well as along roadways. In contrast to the 1970 Greene Township Comprehensive Plan, the most rapidly growing land use activity
within the Township was residential uses. Since 1972, a total of 821 subdivision applications have been approved. Nearly 5.0 percent of the total or 46 approved subdivisions are considered
major subdivisions, consisting of ten or more lots, according to the Greene Township Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance. Interestingly, atotal of twenty-five (25) major subdivisions,
consisting of 603 acres and 1,422 lots, have been approved within the past five years. Single-family homes are the major constituent of this land use although there are a few multifammil
units scattered throughout the Township. The villages tend to exhibit a mixed-use character at their hubs, with close intermingling of residential, shopping and employment facilities.
Outside of the villages, residential units are almost exclusively of the single-family detached type, either conventional or mobile home units. Development densities are low in the outlying
areas, with the exception of small residential subdivisions and mobile home parks. Commercial activity predominates at the core of major intersecttion and alongside major highways. The
most commercializze areas of the Township include US Route 11 and 30, as well as the intersection of Interstate Route 81 and PA Route 997. ‘I Page 7-2
I 1 II B I I I B I Industrial land uses are generally close to Chambersburg along Route 11, but more remote locations are also found. Planned business parks and large industrial districts
are rare -except for the Sunset Commercial and Industrial Park along US Route 11. Government, institutional, school and church sites are scattered throughout the Township. 7.3 EXISTING
LAND USE This existing land use analysis provides a description of current land usage within the Township. It provides an assessment of land use patterns from which a basis for compatibility
and extent of usage can be inferred. In addition, this analysis serves as a guide in determining opportunities for future land use planning. A land use classification scheme has been
developed so that an inventory of land uses currently existing within the Township may be completed. Each land use classification has been defined and a tabulation of the total land
area in each classification has been included below. Comparison of the above referenced land use classification scheme to previous land use assessments are difficult. This situation
results from utilizing data on existing land use contained in the report, "SURVEY AND ANALYSIS FOR COMPREHENNSIV TOWNSHIP PLANNING PROGRAM, 1968, 'I which utilized a different land use
classification scheme. Therefore, an actual determination of the percentage changes between prior and present existing land uses is somewhat difficult due to the inherent methodological
discrepancies which are noted as follows: 0 Warehousinq: The 1968 survey delineated warehousing as a singular category. The 1993 Comprehensive Plan Update includes warehousing as an
industrial use, thus resulting in minor acreage adjustments. 0 Roads and Hiqhways b Railroads: These categories have been renamed and assigned to the Rights-of-way category in the updated
report. Therefore, the acreage is incorporated into the Rights-of-way classification. 0 Orchards: This category has been added to the agriculttureopen space category in the new report.
Theref ore the acreage is incorporated into the agriculture/open space classification. 0 State Forests b Woodlands: These categories have been combined into the general category woodlands.
Page 7-3
I 1 1 1 I' I 8 1 I 1 1 8 8 I 0 Extractive Industrv: This category has been renamed and included in the generalized Industrial classification. Thus, minor acreage adjustments have occurred.
0 Water Supply Authority: This category has been renamed and included in the Public/Quasi Public category of the new Comprehensive Plan, resulting in minor acreage adjustments. A generalized
seven (7) land use classification scheme has been used in this Comprehensive Plan Update. The land use category encompassing the largest land area within the Township is Agriculture/Open
Space which constitutes approximately 52% of the total Township area. The second largest land use category is Woodland which constitutes approximately 31% of the total Township area.
Cumulatively, Agriculture/Open Space and Woodland total approximately 83% of the total Township acreage and is illustrative of the rural character of the Township. Residential land use
is the third largest category with the remaining classifications (in percent order) consisting of Public/Quasi-public, Rights-of-Way, Commercial, and Industrial land uses. These urban
uses comprise approximately 17% of the total Township area, Map 7-1 indicates the spatial outlay of these land uses, and Table 7-A shows the land use category breakdown by total land
area and percentage of the total land area within the Township. In addition, the following subsections provide a definition of each land use category. 7.3.1 Auriculture/Open Space This
classification indicates land uses predominantly related to farming practices and includes agricultural security areas, conservation easements, and water body areas , Presently, 18,172.3
acres are encompassed in this classification. This figure constitutes 52.1% or 28.4 square miles of the total Township land area. 7.3 2 Woodland The woodland classification indicates
land used predominantly for forests, and other vegetative cover lands, which include state game lands, state forest lands, and privately owned forest lands. There are 10,934.4 acres
within within this category. This figure constitutes 31.4% or 17.1 square miles of the total Township land area. Page 7-4
7.3.3 Residential This classification indicates land used predominantly for the housing of people and includes single and multifammil dwellings, as well as duplexes, apartments and town
houses. Currently, 2,772.5 acres comprise the total land area within this category. This figure constitutes 7.9% or 4.3 square miles of the total Township land area. 7.3.4 Public/Ouasi
Public This land use type is includes governmental buildings and their associated grounds, or related activities. This classification also consists of schools, churches, public utilities,
other similar structures and properties, and areas inclusive of all activities related to recreation including Federal, State and local parks, as well as privately owned facilities (i.e.
camps and parks). Approximately 1,136.2 acres are encompassed in this classification which equals 3.3% or 1.8 square miles of the total Township land area. This does not include Letterkenny
Army Depot. 7.3.5 Commercial This grouping of land uses predominantly encompasses business operations which include retail, wholesale, and service businesses and professional offices.
It is estimated that 440.3 acres fall within the Commercial classification. This figure constitutes 1.3% or 0.7 square miles of the total Township land area. 7.3.6 Industrial This assignment
of land use predominantly incorporates both manufacturing and non-manufacturing activities. Manufacturing activities include food and related products, textile and apparel products,
wood and lumber products, furniture products, paper and related products, machinery, metal and electronic products, transportation equipment products, and other primary and secondary
related activities. Non-manufacturing uses include general, heavy-duty and special trade contractors, trucking, warehousing, and communication operations. This classification also includes
the extraction of natural resources and includes extraction and/or quarrying of non-metallics, minerals, and stone products. Page 7-5
Presently, 339.6 acres are categorized as industrial uses. This figure constitutes 0.9% or 0.5 square miles of the total Township land area. Letterkenny Army Depot is excluded from this
category. 7.3.7 Riqhts-of-Way This land use category predominantly includes streets, roads, highways, airport, railroad, and other transportation facilities rights-of-way. In addition,
electrical, gas and other transmission lines are also included. Currently, 1,059.0 acres constitute this usage which is representative of 3.1% or 1.7 square miles of the total Township
land area. 7.3.8 Total Acreaqe Area calculations for Greene Township indicate a total of 34,854.3 acres which is equal to 54.5 square miles. In comparison a figure of 37,824.0 acres
or 59.1 square miles was tabulated as the total Township land area in 1968. Thus a discrepancy of 2,969.7 acres exist between this plan and the 1968 survey. This is attributed to the
portion of Letterkenny Army Depot in Greene Township. TABLE 7-A GREENE TOWNSHIP EXISTING LAND USE, 1993 Land Use open space 52.1 I 28.4 Woodland 1 10,934.4 I 31.4 I 17.1 Rights-of-way
1.059.0 I 3.1 1.7 Total I 34,854.3 1 100.0% I 54.5 I Source: Nasaaux-Bemsley, Incorporated, 1993. Note: This does not include the land area of Letterkenny Army Depot in Greene Township,
which is approximated at 2,969.7 acres. Page 7-6
7.4 EVALUATION OF LAND USE TRENDS To evaluate land use trends, a comparison of the existing land use element completed in 1968 and existing land use as determined in 1993 has been made.
This review provides us with a trend analysis for land use over the past twenty-five (25) years. It is provided below in Table 7-B, which shows a gain of 2,420 acres in various urban
uses. Most of this development occurred with residential and commercial land uses. Such development appears to replace land use previously in agriculture or woodland, which accounts
for a loss of 2,420 acres. TABLE 7-B GREENE TOWNSHIP LAND USE COMPARISON 1968-1993 I Right-of-way I 830.0 I 1,059.0 1 27.5 Source: Nassaux-Bemsley, Incorporated, 1993 t Specific land
uses from this study have been incorporated into the general land use scheme as referenced in Section 7.3. classified. Also, Some acreage changes reflect on how the land use was Letterkenny
Army Depot is not included. 7.5 AGRICULTURAL LAND PROTECTION PROGRAMS Three ( 3 ) important techniques agricultural lands and practices programs include differential security areas,
and purchase of easements. are available to protect in Greene Township. These assessment, agricultural agricultural conservation 7.5.1 Differential Assessment The Pennsylvania "Clean
and Green Act" (Act 319) was enacted in 1974 for purposes of protecting agricultural lands through the offering of property tax reduction incentives. To be eligible for participation
in this program, an individual must have ownership of a parcel of land of ten (10) acres or more completely committed to agricultural use. Under this criteria, approximately 18,200 acres
of land within Greene Township would be eligible for participation when Franklin County became active in the Clean and Green Program in 1981. Page 7-7
I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I m 7.5.2 7.5.3 Since there are no township real estate taxes in Greene Township, there are no parcels of land participating in this program. Aqricultural
Security Areas The Agricultural Area Security Law prevents municipalittie from enacting ordinances that restrict normal farming practices or structures in Agricultural Security Areas.
It also requires state agencies with programs that might negatively affect farmers to conduct their programs in a manner that will encourage the continuance of viable agriculture in
the Agricultural Security Areas. It requires the approval of the Agricultural Lands Condemnnatio Approval Board of the Commonwealth before the Commonwealth or local governments use the
power of eminent domain to acquire land in an Area. Finally, the law requires that state or locally funded development projects in an Agricultural Security Area be reviewed by the state
Agricultural Preservation Board and the Local Agricultural Advisory Committee. Inclusion of an area is voluntary and does not prevent the landowner from developing his land. As of October
of 1993, Greene Township had established two (2) Agricultural Security Areas contained in 62 parcels which cover 4,972.57 acres. They have been delineated on Map 7-2. Aqricultural Conservation
Easements Franklin County is currently considering participation in the Pennsylvania Purchase of Agricultural Conservation Easements (PACE) program. Easements provide protection of farmland
that is essentially permanent. They can be reviewed after 25 years, however, if both the state and the County boards find that the land under easement is no longer viable agricultural
land, the development rights can be sold to the current owner. In order to be eligible for the PACE program, farmland must be located in an Agricultural Security Area. To date, the County
has established the appropriate Agricultural Land Preservattio Board to administer the PACE program, but has purchased no easements in Greene Township. 7.6 HISTORIC RESOURCES Greene
Township is rich in existing historic resources. Over the past two-and-one-half centuries, since its initial European settlement in the 1780's, Greene Township has experienced change
as a gradual development and evolution of existing institutions, economic conditions, and way of life. As a consequence, the historical character of the Township's landscape has remained
strong. The predominant historic resource types found throughout the Township are churches and school buildings. Other historic Page 7-8
I I I I I I I I I I I I m I I I I I I resource types found throughout the Township include mills, residences, etc. These other historic resource types tend to be related to the Township
rapid economic growth and establishment of its extensive transportation network in the nineteenth century. Potential historic sites have been inventoried in Table 7-C. This inventory
includes existing sites, removed or destroyed sites, and the National Register of Historic Places. 7-6.1 The National Resister The primary benefit of listing on the National Register
is official recognition of the significance of a historic site. Listing and eligibility for listing protects
a site fromthe effects of any activity involving federal, and often, state funds to the extent that a professional study of the impact must be undertaken. Such studies often lead to
modifications to the "activity" that lessen its effects upon significant resources and their contexts. When significant resources are to be lost by activities involving federal funds,
the resources must often be fully documented prior to being lost. Resources which are eligible for listing on the National Register also receive a measure of protection from the Pennsylvania
Historical and Museum Commission when state permits, such as permits for wastewater collection/treatment systems and on-lot septic systems, are involved. Listing in and of itself, however,
does not automatically protect a historic resource or infringe upon any private rights regarding that resource, Protection may occur only when federal funds or state permits are involved,
and even then actual listing on the National Register is secondary because all eligible resources receive such protection. Currently, Franklin County has fifty ( 5 0 ) listings on the
National Register of Historic Places. However only one, the Culbertson-Harrison Farm located just south of Nyesville along Nyesville Road, is within Greene Township. This site was registered
in 1980. Page 7-9
I I I I I I 1 I I I I I 1 I 1 I I I I TABLE 7-C POTENTIAL HISTORIC SITES GREENE TOWNSHIP, FRANKLIN COUNTY Name Category Location Date Built Methodist Episcopal Society Church Greenvillage
Original -1927. Brick in 1873 Evangelical United Brethren church Church Scotland 1874 Old Covenantor Mennonite Church Church and Cemetery near Chambereburg Built in 1804 Church and Cemetery
Fayetteville Unknown, since removed at US 11 Covenantor Presbyterian Church Church and Cemetery Scotland 1791, torn down 1898 Unnamed Cemetery Cemetery near Letterkenny Unknown Payetteville
Academy School Fayetteville 1852, converted to hotel in 1860 Pond School School near Chambereburg Unknown, since removed Fairplay School School E. Chambersburg Unknown, closed in 1922
Woodstock School School near Chambersburg Unknown, closed in 1922 Greenwood School School Unknown Unknown, closed in 1922 Mount Union School School near Fayetteville Unknown, closed
in 1922 Brownsville School School s. of us 30 in Unknown, closed in 1922 Fayetteville Oak Grove School School Unknown Unknown, closed in 1922 Cold Spring School School Unknown Unknown
Clarks School School US 11 near Unknown, closed in 1937 Chambersburg Mt. Vernon School I School I Scotland I Unknown, closed in 1947 Summitt Schwl 1 School I Unknown I Unknown, closed
in 1948 Mt. Zion School School N. of Chambersburg Closed in 1949, structure removed Snoketown School School Fayetteville Unknown, closed in 1949 Grand Point School School Fayetteville
Unknown, closed in 1950 Salem School School Letterkenny Unknown, closed in 1950 Culbertson School School Cu lbert Eon Unknown, closed in 1950 Sharps School School Fayetteville Unknown,
converted to a house 1951 _ ~ ~ ~ _ Scotland School 7 -.hOol I Scotland I Unknown, closed in 1954 I I I Greenvillage School School Greenvillage Unknown, closed in 1954 I Grandview Elementary
School near Letterkenny Unknown, still operating Scotland Elementary School Scotland Unknown, still operating Fiddler's Green Sch. School Fayetteville Unknown, since removed Caledonia
Caledonia Furnace Furnace Caledonia 1837 State Park Gettysburg Campaign Marker Fayetteville Marker date unknown Culbertson -Harrison Farm Nyesville Road 6/27/80 Date listed on Farm S.
of Nyesville National Register nuseum commission. Source8 Kittochinny Historic Society and the Franklin County Heritage Inc.; the Pennsylvania Historical and .Page 7-10
I 1 I I I i I I I m I I i I I I I I I 7.7 EXISTING ZONING 7.7.1 Zoninq Districts There are six (6) conventional zoning districts and two (2) overlay districts within Greene Township.
These districts have been listed in Table 7-D and as follows: 0 Zoning Districts AR Agricultural Residential R-1 Low Density Residential R-2 Medium Density Residential CC Community Commercial
HC Highway Commercial I Industrial 0 Overlay Districts FH Flood Hazard --Chambersburg Municipal Airport The Agricultural Residential District recognizes agricultural and related operations
as a major use of land in Greene Township. Even though agriculture is lumped into open lands which account for over 50%, there are at least 5,415 acres in active farms and orchards.
Areas classified as Agricultural Residential are essentially accommodative in nature, thereby recognizing the need to maintain agricultural activities while permitting very low density
development. Primarily, low density residential development has occurred within these areas. Residential uses are defined within two (2) districts, low density (R-1) and medium density
(R-2). Primary uses for R-1 address single-family detached or semi-detached dwellings, while R-2 encompasses the afore-mentioned types and higher densities of attached and multi-family
structures. The locations of these districts attempt to accommodate development trends for housing needs in respect to roads, utilities, compatibility with adjacent land uses, and the
suitability to natural resources and environmental concerns. Commercial uses are defined within two (2) districts, community (CC) and highway (HC). The focus of community commercial
occurs within village areas and allows for a variety of convenience stores and service businesses within major residential areas. The more intense type commercial land uses, highway
and regional businesses, are encouraged in areas where compatibility of various business activities will complement rather than detract from the overall area and where residential uses
will not be be adversely affected. The highway commercial district addresses this need. Page 7-11
The industrial district is intended to maximize the availability of airport, rail, highways and utilities in order to attract new and expanded industry. Because of the fragile nature
of the physical environment and market conditions, industry has been limited to west of Route 11. There are no industrial sites near 1-81. A shift to the central area of the Township
might be more feasible for future industrial development. Re-distribution of the zoning districts could be considered. ZONING ESTIMATED WPD DISTRICT ARgA (IN ACRES) AR 15,644 TABLE 7-D
PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL LAND AREA 44.99 GREENE TOWNSHIP R-1 EXISTING ZONING DISTRICT DISTRIBUTION 10,738 30.8% R-2 6,555 18.8% Y cc I 3844 I 1.1% II Source: Greene Township Official Zoninq
Hap: Nassaux-Aemsley, Inc. calculations, 1993. Letterkenny Army Depot is not zoned. Note: There are agricultural areas designated in accordannc with Act 43. They comprise 4,972.57 acres
and are found in the AR, R-1 and R-2 Zoning Districts. Also, there are two (2) overlay districts: one to meet the requirements of the Pennsylvania Floodpllai Management Act 166 and the
National Flood Insurance Program; the other to meet the requiremeent of the Pennsylvania Airport Zoning Act 161. They provide zoning districts from potential development hazards, which
must be addressed, especially if they are more stringent regulations than the underlying zoning district. 7.7.2 Land Use and Zoninq Compatibilitv Used as a management tool to promote
planning objectives, zoning should reflect the intended land uses. In review of the respective documents for Greene Township, a high correlation exists between district classification
and existing land use. Exceptions to this observation exists under two (2) general premises: first, the use is nonconfoormin (to be addressed in the next section), or second, the use
exists under approval of a conditional use permit. Generally, primary land uses exist within their respective zoning districts and for the most part, there is compatibility between existing
land use and zoning. Page 7-12
Nevertheless, there are three ( 3 ) locations that should be noted for their substantial impact on the Township based upon the nature of their activities. First, the Chambersburg Mall
complex, located at the interchanges of Interstate 81, S.R. 997 and S.R. 696, exists within the appropriate highway commercial district. Attention should be drawn to the regional impact
on business and transportation needs. Second, R & A Bender, Inc. Landfill, located adjacent to Orchard and White Church Roads, exists in an Agricultural Residential District ( A R )
. This use occurs under the district use regulations Article 111, Section 3 . 1 B(5) and Article X of the Greene Township Zoning Ordinance. Third, operations managed by Valley Quarries,
Inc., located adjacent to S.R. 997 north of U.S. 30, exists in an Agricultural Residential District (AR). This use occurs under the district use regulations Article 111, Section 3.1.B(6)
and Article X of the Greene Township Zoning Ordinance. 7.7.3 Non-Conformins Uses There are land uses or structures which lawfully existed prior to the enactment of the Zoning Ordinance,
and which are being maintained to date, although they no longer comply with use regulations of the Zoning District in which they are located. These uses are listed by the Greene Township
registration number, location and type of non-conformance (See Table 5-E). Concentrations occur in the following areas: 1. Route 30 between Mt. Union Road and Route 997 Anthony Highway.
2. Route 997 Black Gap Road from Route 30 West to Mt. Pleasant Road. 3. Woodstock Road between Shadle Drive and Brindle Road. 4. SR 433 between Sunset Boulevard and SR 997. 5. Route
11 between Horst Avenue and Siloam Road. 6. Route 997 between U.S. 11 and SR 433. Also, there are businesses in residential districts, which could be considered customary home occupations
by a change in definition (for example, an insurance agency). In addition, there are residences in industrial districts, which are usually associated with farms. ii i 1 Page 7-13
I II 127 165 TABLE 7-E Bomgardner, Elmer b Doris rear of post office, S c o t l a n d (CC) I B a y e r ' s A u t o Body Shop east side Woodstock Road n o r t h of I Aafer Road (R-1)
ACTIVITIES REGISTERED AS NONCONFORMING USES/STRUCTURES 156 131 167 1 I I I 1 1 I I I I Brake, C h a r l e s h Company, Inc. n o r t h w e s t Cor. M t . P l e a s a n t Road a n d E
x t r a c t i v e Cook Road (R-I) C o n d i t i o n a l B r o o k e n s G a r a g e s o u t h side Black Gap Road 1,200' EC L a r s o n , D a v i d -LCJ Autos rear 149 L i n c o l n
Way E a s t lot site/s o u t h e a s t of Cold Springs Road (R-I) F a y e t t e v i l l e (AC) s e t b a c k I 1 west side L e t t e r k a n n y Road, s o u t h w e s t C C /E x t r
a c t i v e I of Blackwood (R-I) I C o n d i t i o n a l I 176 Chambersburg T r u s t Company n o r t h side Hain Street a t Boyer Road EC I I i n Scotland (R-2) I I I I s o u t h side
Route 30 500' east of I Mt. Union Road (AC) s o u t h side Walker Road at Bend east F a y e t t e v i l l e C C o n t r a c t o r s , Inc. k Road at RR 1,750' Page 7-14
TABLE 7-E ACTIVITIES REGISTERED AS NONCONFORMING USES/STRUCTURES (continued) TOWNSAIP NONCONFORMING I.D. NO. DESCRIPTION LOCATION AND ZONE USAGE I south side Salem Road at 1st bend west
of RR (I) 1 108 I Eoffman, Amanda-Eelman Raymond I I I . . I I west side Sunset Pike on cume south I R of RR (I) I 104 I Euston, John I Ec I north side Cumberland Eighway east side RR
(R-2) Martin, David E. Excavation west side Cumberland Eighway 3,000' east of Route 11 (R-1) Myers, Donald R. -Insurance Nolt's Electric Motor Service south side Nolts Road at Walker
Road 175 Robinsons Body Shop north side Black Gap Road 1,400' I 103 Roman, John west of Sunset Pike 2,000' from R southeast of Shearer Road (R-I) Route 11 (I) I 105 Runyon, David east
side Sunset Pike 500' north R north Sunset Boulevard (I) 1 170 I Scotland Yard Greenhouse I east side Lincoln Street in Scotland (R-2) 128 Seller#a Upholstery/Auto Sales east side Woodstock
Road 2,400' north EC 146 Shadle Kenneth 6 Hattie-Aluminum east side Woodstock Road 1,700' north north EC 110 Shoemaker, Raymond east side Airport Road 1,200' R of Cook Road (R-I) of
Shadle Drive (R-I) southwest of Salem Road (I) R I I I 16 1 Smith, Edna Hsioguhtwhaeya st( Rc-o2r):. Route 30 and Anthony I EC Page 7-15
1 1 1 I I 8 I l I I I I I I I I 1 1 I TABLE 7-E ACTIVITIES REGISTERED AS NONCONFORMING USES/STRUCTURES (continued) TOWNSEIP NONCONPORUING I . D . NO. DESCRIPTION LOCATION AND ZONE USAGE
162 S m i t h , Janet -Storage G a r a g e north side R o u t e 30 400' east of BC m. C y d o n i a Road (R-2) s o u t h e a s t of RR (R-2) Wadels Gas Station and G a r a g e ~~~~~~
~ ~~~~~ Source: G r e e n e Township Zoning O f f i c e r 7.8 PROJECTED FUTURE LAND USE NEEDS It is essential to determine future land use projections so that adequate quantities of
land may be reserved for future residential, commercial, industrial, recreation and public/quasi-public development. These projections have been based upon and derived from past trends
and future forecasts of population and employment. 7 . 8 . 1 Future Residential DeveloDment Based on the population projections for the year 2014 as contained in Section 3.5 of this
report, the demands for additional housing units can be derived. Furthermore, based on the average lot size, one can estimate the total land area needed to accommodate future residential
development if existing trends continue. It should be noted that average lot size was determined by calculating the average lot size of all approved subdivisions in Greene Township over
the past twenty ( 2 0 ) years. Table 7-F illustrates the projected additional land area required for residential development through the year of 2014 utilizing 1973 to 1993 building
trends. This estimated total demand of 1,493 housing units by the year 2014, translates into an additional 1,986 acres of land to be reserved for residential purposes throughout the
Township for the next twenty (20) years. Page 7-16
I I I I Municipality I Antici ated Population Estimated Future PopulaFion Increase Number Average Residential Increase Persona Per of Additional Lot Size Development 2004-2014 Household
Housing Units in Acres in Acres I Greene Township I I 1,679 2.21 760 1.33 1,011 I 1 TABLE 7-F GREENE TOWNSHIP RESIDENTIAL LAND USE PROJECTIONS USING HISTORIC TREND EXTRAPOLATION TABLE
7-G GREENE TOWNSHIP RESIDENTIAL LAND USE PROJECTIONS USING MINIMUM LOT AREA REGULATIONS I Municipality Greene Township 1,679 2.21 760 0.5 380 I Source: Nassaux-Hemsley, Inc., 1993. If
existing land use trends continue within the Township, an additional 1,986 acres will be needed for residential purposes through the year 2014. However, if future land use is reflective
of existing zoning and subdivision Page 7-17
I 1 I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I regulations, approximately 747 acres will be needed for residential purposes by the year 2014. 7.8.2 Future Commercial and Industrial Develo-R ment
In determining the potential land area needed for commercial and industrial activities within Greene Township, an employee to population percentage calculation and an area ratio were
utilized. Present population, as indicated in the 1990 Census, is 11,930. Of this figure, 6,030 or 50 percent derived from Section 4.4 are gainfully employed. In further subdividing
the employment type, 3,835 or 32 percent are in commercial activities, while 2,195 or 18 percent are in industrial activities. Dividing each figure into available acreage for each land
use activity indicates a ratio of 8.7 employees per acre in commercial activity and 6.4 employeee per acre in industrial activity (See Table 7-H). TABLE 7-H ESTIMATED EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION
AND RELATIONSHIP TO COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES Source: Naseaux-Hemeley, Inc., 1993. To determine future employment base, first, an averaged projection was made based on the
figures provided in Section 3.5. The projection indicates 16,128 residents over the next twenty years. Utilizing the existing employee-populationpercentages and acre-employee ratios,
a total of 5,161 residents are expected to be involved in commercial activities which results in an area need of 593 acres or 153 additional acres. Likewise, a total of 2,903 residents
are expected to be involved in industrial activities which results in an area need of 454 acres or 115 additional acres. Table 7-1 indicates the future projected needs. TABLE 7-1 FUTURE
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USE PROJECTIONS (IN ACRES) Source: Naesaux-Hemsley, Inc., 1993 Page 7-18
‘I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 An assessment of the zoning districts within the Township, indicates available area for the projected needs. Presently, 1,260 acres are zoned for commercial,
both in community and highway categories, which so far exceeds the 593 acres projected. Industrial zoning indicates 558 acres which exceeds the projected need for 454 acres. 7.8.3 Other
Future Communitv Development Applying the current proportion of the supporting urban land uses to the sum of residential, commercial and industrial land use areas (an estimated 63 percent),
a multiplier is available to project the necessary supporting urban land use areas (which include public and quasi-public buildings, community facilities, public utilities, roads and
other transportation facilities). Based on the projected range of 1,015 to 2,254 acres for residential, commercial and industrial activities by the year 2014, it is estimated that a
maximum additional 1,420 acres are qequired to meet the need for other urban land uses. 7.9 POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS Pursuant to the development of future land use need projecttions
it is necessary to delineate vacant developable land areas within Greene Township that are sufficient to accommodaat the various types of growth projected for the year 2014. The method
used to determine these potential development areas entailed delineating previously undeveloped land areas (inclusive of agricultural/open space lands and woodlands) which have no physical
constraints (i.e., steep slopes, wetlands, floodplains, or severe and hazardous soil limitatiion for sewage effluent). Also, those previously undeveloped land areas which are only constrained
from development by severe or hazardous soil limitations for disposal of sewage effluent were identified as potential development sites. It should be realized that areas constrained
by soils unsuitable for disposal of sewage effluent may be remediated for development uses through the extension of the Township’s centralized wastewater collection/treatment system.
However, it should be noted that not all soils with severe limitations for disposal of sewage effluent necessarily require a centralized sewer system. Through individual site specific
investigations, portions of these areas may be suitable for on-site sewage disposal systems. In accordance with the above referenced potential development sites classification system,
Map 7-4 has identified those areas of the Township which are currently available and suitable for development. As reflected in map 7-4, primary areas indicate the more desirable development
sites, while secondary areas indicate potential sites for accommodating growth for the latter years in the projected time span. Page 7-19
A tabulation of the undeveloped land area in each category reveals that there are approximately 5,681 acres of land with no or minimal environmental constraints and with general considerations
for existing community infrastructure (public or community water systems, sanitary sewers and improved roads). In comparing the future total projected land use acreage need of between
1,320 and 3,674 acres with the acreage of undeveloped, unconstrained lands that sufficient land acres will be available to accommodate future urban land use needs in the Township through
2014. The minimum land area required for new urban land uses is a sum total of 1,320 acres. This is broken down among the following land use categories: Residential 747 acres Commercial
153 acres Industrial 115 acres Other 305 acres If the past, development trends were to prevail then the demand for residential land use would increase to 1,986 acres and for other community
development, as much as 1,420 acres. This in effect would raise the amount of maximum land area required to 3,674 acres. Strategically, the geographical areas of the Township with the
highest potential for accommodating new community development are found in and around the villages of Greenvillage, Scotland and Fayetteville nearest 1-81, S.R. 997, Route 30 and Route
11. These primary areas constitute approximately 2,723 acres. Another 2,958 acres are located in various parts of the Township and are identified as secondary areas for consideration
as preferred development areas. 7.10 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Population growth and mobility afforded by modern transportattio services have resulted in more intensive development
patterns and land use demands. Each type of land use is characterized by a specific public demand which cannot be met through normal market processes. Some public action is normally
required to deal with the current status of existing land use and regulatory guidance for future land use. The majority of land development has occurred in the vicinity of 1-81 and and
S.R. 997 (Scotland) and along the entire Route 11 Corridor. To a lesser degree, this development has been undertaken in the vicinity of Guilford Hills and Fayetteville in close proximity
to Route 30. Since 1972, a total of 821 subdivision applications have been approved with 46 of the applications, or nearly 5.0%, consisting of ten (10) or more lots. Of the major Page
7-20
subdivisions, twenty-five (25) consist of 603 acres and 1,422 lots have been approved within the past five ( 5 ) years. For the most part, single family homes have constituted the major
use for this development. Most commercial activity predominates along U.S. Route 11 and U.S. Route 30, as well as the intersection of Interstate Route 81 and Pa Route 997. Industrial
uses are generally close to Chambersburg along Route 11 and within the Sunset Commercial and Industrial Park along U.S. Route 11. The existing land use scheme utilizes seven ( 7 ) classifications:
agricultural /open space, woodland, residential, public/quasi public, commercial, industrial, rights-of-way. Agricultural/open space constitutes the largest land use within the Township
(52% of all area) with woodland second largest (31%), residential third largest and the remaining classifications (in percent order) consisting of public/quasi public, rightsoofway,
commercial and industrial. Six (6) conventional zoning districts exist and are as follows: agricultural residential (AR), low-density residential ( R -1 ) , medium-density residential
(R-2), community commercial (CC), highway commercial (HC), and industrial (I). In addition, two (2) overlay districts exist, flood hazard (FH) and airport approach restrictions, under
Pa Act 161 for Chambersburg Municipal Airport. Based on demographic and housing projections, a range of 1,015 to 2,254 acres for residential, commercial and industrial activities are
required into the year 2014. In addition, a maximum additional 1,470 acres are required to meet the need for other urban land uses. In identifying potential development sites, a total
of 5,681 acres have been indicated. Approximately 50% of this area is deemed primary for development with the remaining locations providing additional allocations as the potential for
the higher projections develop. Page 7-21
CHAPTER 8 COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND UTILITIES ANALYSIS
. 8.1 CHAPTER 8 COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND UTILITIES ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION An important ingredient in the attraction of any community is its provision and location of community facilities
and utilities, Typically, both are of concern to those persons who reside or conduct business in Greene Township, as well as those persons who plan to locate in the Township. Community
facilities and utilities are available within the limits of the Township, and in some cases outside the Township boundaries. Community services consist of various activities required
for the education, health and protection of Greene Township residents. These services include facilities for protection, such as police and fire departments; recreation, such as parks
and clubs; and other public services available to residents of the Township. Public utilities are an integral part of community services. They include water supply systems, sanitary
sewage systems, electric power, natural gas, telecommunications, solid waste management and stormwater stormwater management. This Chapter provides a description of the community facilittie
and utilities that exist and are provided to the resideent of Greene Township. When development throughout the Township induces population growth, there will be an increased demand for
these community facilities and utilities. The objections of this report is to determine the existing level of community services and their adequacy in meeting future needs in the Township.
8.2 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS 8.2.1 Communitv Water Systems Community water systems are defined by the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act and Title 25, Chapter 109 of the Pennsylvania Code as "systems
that have at least 15 service connections or regularly serve at least 25 year round residents. " Community water is supplied to the developed areas of Greene Township by the Guilford
Water Authority, The Guilford Water Authority serves a total estimated population of 11,070 (or 87%) within Greene Township, including 4,279 domestic, 141 commercial or industrial, and
5 institutional connections. Greene Township utilized a total of 277.7 million gallons of water and averaged 761 thousand gallons per day in 1992, Page 8-1
I I I The water service area for Greene Township is shown on Map 8-1. Major development within the Township. is serviced by the Guilford Water Authority. Geographically, these areas
include development along U . S . 11, S.R. 30 and S.R. 997. This service area includes Fayetteville, Greenvillage and the majority of Scotland. 8.2.3 Private Groundwater Supplies Approximately
13% of the remaining land uses in Greene Township utilize on-site wells for their potable water supply. This reliance on groundwater will play an important role on the number and location
of new housing units and new commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings within the Township. As outlined in Section 6.6.3. of this report, the quantity and quality of groundwater
is a function of the underlying geologic formation and its associated aquifer. It was determined in by Table 6-C that all geological formations underlying the Township would be able
to provide water yields capable of sustaining both domestic and non-domestic uses. 8.2.4 Water for Fire Protection A major concern within the Township is availability of water for the
purpose of fire protection. Greene Township's Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance requires that, if adequate water supply and pressure are available (as determined by the public
water supplier), a fire hydrant should be placed no farther than 600 feet from the corner of any building within an area containing a minimum of 30 dwelling units. Where public water
is supplied by the Guilford Water Authority, a minimum of 300 pounds per square inch and a minimum of 6 inch diameter transmission line is required to support a typical fire hydrant.
For areas not served by a public water system, certain surface waters (such as farm ponds) can be used as water sources for fire protection. However, since a surface water supply's capacity
changes seasonally, these sources cannot be relied upon to exist for any great period of time. 8.3 SANITARY SYSTEMS 8.3.1 Municipal Sewase Collection/Treatment Systems The Greene Township
Township Municipal Authority owns and operates approximately 131 miles of pipeline ranging from 6'' to 30" in diameter . Waste flow through these lines, connect to the Borough of Chambersburg
with ultimate treatment at the 5.2 million gallon per day Chambersburg Regional Treatment Facility. Page 8-2
This facility receives from Greene, Guilford and Hamilton Townships and Chambersburg Borough. Reserve capacity for Greene Township is calculated at 1.11 million gallons/day. During 1992,
the Authority served a total of 3,510 connections broken down into 3,271 residential and 239 commercial connections. For reporting purposes, the term "Equivalent Dwelling Unit," abbreviated
EDU, is used to simplify the computation of population served and wastewaate flow rates. The term EDU is the measure
of sewage contribution of a particular use or connection expressed in terms of average sewage contribution of one household (dwelling unit). For 1992, Greene Township had a total of
4,896 EDUs or 4,003 residential and 893 commercial. These EDUs generatte a combined average flow for 1992 of 929,488 gallons, or 190 gallons per day per EDU of waste, this translates
in a capacity of the Township to increase its flows by 18.4%. The sewer service area for the G.T.M.A. appears on Map 8-2. Most areas along U.S. 11, S.R. 997 and S.R. 30 are included
in this service area. In addition, most areas of Fayetteville and substantial areas of Scotland and Greenvillage are also serviced by the G.T.M.A. The Greene Township sewer service area
is broken down into three ( 3 ) zones: Western, Central, and Eastern. It is estimated that a total estimated population of 10, 360 (or 81%) in the Township is served by public sewer.
8.3.2 On-Site Sewaqe Systems Approximately 19% of the remaining land uses (primarily dwellings and farms) in Greene Township utilize on-site sewage systems. These systems are generally
septic tanks with tile drain fields, although septic tanks without drain fields, such as cesspools and privies, are probably still in use. A septic tank, in effect, treats the domestic
sewage through bacteriological action within the tank, and the treated wastewater effluent flows out of the tank into a set of underground perforated pipes where it is sprayed on to
a drain field. The successful operation of the system depends on the ability of the the wastewater to flow from the drain field into the ground. Theref ore, the siting and installation
of on-site sewage systems is dependent on the "percolation rate" of water into the soil; that is, the rate at which water will flow into soil underlying and surrounding the drain field.
The system is also dependent upon the depth to the water table or bedrock and other variables. Page 8-3
The installation and operation of on-site sewage systems is overseen by the municipal Sewage Enforcement Officer (SEO). SEO's, trained and licensed by the Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources, conduct or witness the "Soil Deep Probe" and "Percolation Tests", on the basis of which the SEO determines what type, if any, onsiit sewage system can be installed.
According to the Greene Township Sewage Enforcement Officer, Greene Township has average 50 subsurface disposal permits per year for the past five (5) years. 8.4 MISCELLANEOUS UTILITY
SERVICES Other utilities serving Greene Township include: 8.4.1 8.4.2 8 . 4 -3 8.4.4 Electric Power Service The supply and distribution of electric power in Greene Township is through
the West Penn Power Company. This privately owned public utility company operates throughoou a large multi-county area under the supervision of the Public Utilities Commission of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Natural Gas Service Natural gas service within Greene Township is provided via three ( 3 ) suppliers: Penn Fuels Gas Inc., Columbia Gas of Pennsylvania,
and Chambersburg Borough. Just over 10% of Greene Township's housing units utilize natural gas for heating fuel. Telephone Service Telephone service for Greene Township is provided for
by the United Telephone System, Telephone service is available to every portion of the Township for new and expansion of existing development. Television In addition to individual antenna
reception from Harrisburg, Lancaster, Washington and Baltimore, Greene Township residents can subscribe cable T,V. service via the Time Warner Cable Company. 8.5 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The disposal of solid waste has become one of the most serious problems facing communities across the state and nation today. Within Greene Township a wide variety of waste materials
are generated each day including, residential, commercial, and other types of municipal solid waste; industrial and agriculttura residues; and sewage sludge and septage. Page 8-4
I It 1 I ' 1 Hazardous, infectious, and other types of toxic materials may also be generated by particular industries or institutions, Greene Township is responsible under the Solid
Waste Managemeen Act of 1980 (Act 97) to ensure the proper processing, transportation, and disposal of household, commercial and other types of municipal wastes. Industrial and agricultural
residues, and all other forms of toxic waste are regulated by state and federal government agencies, 8.5.1 Waste Generation, Collection and Disposal The Pennsylvania DER, under Act 101,
defines municipal waste as: "Any garbage, refuse, industrial, lunch room or off ice waste and other material including solid, liquid, semisooli or contained gaseous material resulting
from operattio of residential, municipal, commercial or institutioona establishments and from community activities and any sludge not meeting the definition of residual or hazardous
waste from a municipal, commercial, or institutiiona water supply treatment plant, wastewater treatment plant, or air pollution control facility.'' It is estimated that in 1992, nearly
7,620 tons of municipal solid waste was disposed of by the commercial solid waste haulers that serve Greene Township, This waste is landfilled in the R & A Bender Landfill located near
Scotland, Pennsylvania. It is forecasted that approximately 7,717 tons of municipal solid waste will be generated in 1993, an increase of over 97 tons or 1.3%. 8-5.2 Recvclinq Recycling
is the separation, collection, and recovery for sale or reuse of materials that otherwise would become municipal waste. Recycling accomplishes at least five (5) vital functions: (1)
protects the environment, (2) saves landfill space, ( 3 ) avoids the cost of disposal, ( 4 ) provides revenues from the sale of the materials, and (5) saves raw materials and fuel used
in the production of materials. Nearly everything in the residential and commercial waste stream is recyclable, including paper, cardboard, glass, metals, wood, rags and plastic, Food
and yard waste waste and other organic waste can be compacted to produce a useful humus. Recycling has long been practiced and is a normal activity in most industries with regard to
metal, wood, and other scraps and rejects from industrial processes, as well as solvents and whatever other materials can be economically reused or refurbished. Recycling was an essential
part of the civilian effort during World Wars I and 11, and since the energy crisis and environmental Page 8-5
reawakening of the late 1970's and early 1980's has again become an essential activity. The high and increasing cost of trash disposal has made recycling a very economic pursuit. Act
101, effective September 26, 1988, established a goal of recycling at least 25% of all municipal waste and source-separated recyclable materials by 1997, and required all municipalities
above 5,000 in population to develop a source separation and collection program for recyclable materials by September 26, 1991. Grants were available from PaDER to municipalities for
development and implementation of recycling programs and for demonstrrate performance of such programs, and to counties for hiring of recycling coordinators. The grants are supporrte
by a recycling fee levied per ton on the municipal solid waste delivered to processing and disposal facilities. Recycling of at least three ( 3 ) materials were to be incorporated into
local programs, the materials were to be selected from the following list: 0 clear glass 0 high-grade office paper 0 colored glass 0 newsprint 0 aluminum 0 corrugated paper 0 steel and
0 plastics bimetallic cans Leaf waste is also prohibited from disposal and must be separated from other MSW for composting. Commercial firms, municipal offices, and institutions are
mandated to separate high-grade office paper, aluminum, corrugated paper, and leaf waste for recycling or composting, as appropriate. During 1992, Greene Township was serviced by three
( 3 ) privately owned commercial solid waste haulers. These haulers include R & A Bender of Scotland, PA; Waste Management out of Camp Hill, PA; and E.J. Barnhart Trucking of Chambersburg,
PA. However, E.J. Barnhart Trucking was purchased by Waste Management on 3/11/92. In 1992, 609 tons of recyclable material was collected within Greene Township, this represents an increase
of 103 tons or 20.3% over 1991 figures. This translates into a waste diversion rate of 8.0 percent. R&A Bender collected approximately 450 tons of recyclable materials, of which 98.0%
was successfully marketed to Chambersburg Waste Paper of Chambersburg, PA. It was reported that a total 9.5 tons of residue was generated during 1993. All materials collected by R&A
Bender are sourcesepaarate at curbside. The materials collected by R&A Bender include: high-grade office paper, corrugated Page 8-6
I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I 1 I 8.6 paper, aluminum and bi-metallic cans, and glass (clear, brown and green). According to officials of R&A Bender Inc: , 80 percent of the collected recyclables
is from the residential waste stream, 20 percent is collected through commercial accounts. During 1992, E.J. Barnhart Trucking collected and successfully marketed 12.5 tons of corrugaate
paper, all of which was sold to Chambersburg Waste Paper. Waste Management collected nearly 160 tons of recyclable materials during 1992, nearly 98% of which was successfully marketed
to Recycle America of York, PA. Waste Management estimates that 37.6 percent of the materials are collected through residential accounts and 63.4 percent through commercial accounts.
All materials collected by Waste Management, with the exception of high-grade office paper and corrugated paper, are colleccte commingled. The commingled materials include: glass (clear,
brown and green), aluminum and bi-metallic cans, and PET and HDPE plastics, EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES 8.6.1 Public Elementary and Secondary Schools Greene Township is situated within the
Chambersburg Area School District (CASD), which also includes Lurgan, Letterkenny, Hamilton and Guilford Townships and Chambersburg Borough. Largest of the five (5) school districts
serving Franklin County, the Chambersburg Area School District occupies an area of approximately 250 square miles (of the County's 754 square mile total). Schools within the Township
are shown on the Community Facilities Map (map 8-3). The schools within the Township are Fayetteville Elementary School in Fayetteville; Grandview Elementary School in Greenvillage;
Scotland Elementary School in Scotland in Scotland; and Scotland School for Veterans' Children in Scotland, 8.6.2 Historical Enrollment Patterns An accurate assessment of the number
of pupils that will need to be housed in the school facilities of the District is an essential element of any database to be used in the determination of facility requirements. It is
important to know where in the District the expected students reside and what grade they will attend in order to provide the appropriate facilities. The number of students enrolled at
each grade level, District-wide, from 1980 to 1990 are illustrated in Table 8-A. 8 I Page 8-7
'I iI II I 1 8 1 I I TABLE 8-A HISTORICAL ENROLLMENT DATA CHAMBERSBURG AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT 1980 -1990 Review of the actual historical enrollment of the Chambersburg Area School District
shown in the preceding documentation prompts several observations. These actual data reflect the changes in residential social and economic patterns that were manifested in the Chambersbuur
Area over the past decade; significantly, these changes have been in accordance with regional and national trends for similar communities. 8.6.3 Projected Public School Enrollment The
Facilities Master Plan of the Chambersburg Area School District completed by Ingraham Planning Associattes Inc. utilized historical trends derived from the year-by-year enrollment data,
and observations of the patterns of change to forecast future enrollment patterns for the Chambersburg Area School District. Table 8-B illustrates the projected enrollment of the Chambersburg
Area School District for the years 1994 to 2004. TABLE 8-B PROJECTED ENROLLMENT DATA CHAMBERSBURG AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT 1994 -2004 TOTALS 8,211 8,313 8,511 8,667 8,770 8,940 9,096 9,222
9,387 9,514 9,605 As illustrated, the projections do show the end of a period of decline, as well as an important gain in enrollment. The overall district-wide enrollment nadir is identified
to have already taken place in 1987. Page 8-8
I ' /I I I 1 I 8 I 1 1 I Another significant factor which has already had an impact in the primary grades in the CASD and elsewhere is the recent "baby boomlet" of children born to the
"babybooom (post WW 11) generation. The projected school enrollment data in the preceding table is an optimistic view of the future and reflects a continuing increase in elementary enrollment
for the next ten (10) years. 8.6.4 Non-Public School Enrollment The number of Chambersburg Area School District residents that attended non-public schools throughout Franklin County
in the 1989-1990 School Year represented approximately 10% of the current total CASD student enrollment. The number of non-public students is significant because without these non-public
schools in operation, these students would create a substantial addition to the District's enrollments. TABLE 8-C CHAMBERSBURG AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT RESIDENTS NON-PUBLIC SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
IN FRANKLIN COUNTY ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -~ SCHOOL K -s 6 -7 8 -9 10 -12 Anchor Christian 24 7 8 10 10 Antrim Faith Baptist 3 0 0 0 Antrim Mennonite 6 4 1 2 Corpus Christi 230 22 4 0 Culbertson
Mennonite Christian 10 4 3 2 Cumberland Valley Christian a i 31 I 32 I 39 I Emmanuel Christian 5 2 0 0 Faith Valley Christian 9 3 1 1 JIL Christian 2 0 0 0 Mercersburg Elementary 11
0 0 0 Otterbein 12 1 2 0 I Paradise Mennonite S 0 1 0 Providence 5 0 1 0 I Shalom Christian Academy 65 20 19 19 Stoney Creek 12 2 6 0 Sunset 3 1 1 0 TOTFL5 494 97 79 78 8.6.5 School
Facilities Master Plan As previously indicated, the Chambersburg Area School District Master plan was completed by Ingraham Planning Associates, Inc. This plan provides a framework for
Page 8-9
initiating solutions to the issues of increasing enrollments and specialized instructional program requirements in the Chambersburg Area School District and suggests priority actions
which will help avoid future problems resulting from undersized and/or functionally inadequate school facilities. This document also focused on existing assets and deficiencies, addressed
educational objectives, and incorporated a long range development plan for capital construction and/or renovation of schools for consideration by the Board of School Directors. 8.6.6
Hisher Education A broad selection of excellent post secondary educational schools are available relatively near Greene Township, including: Wilson College in Chambersburg, Shippensburg
University in Shippensburg, Dickinson College and Law School in Carlisle, the Mont Alto Campus of Penn State University and Gettysburg College. 8.7 RECREATION FACILITIES AND SERVICES
Community concern for preserving and developing areas for recreational use generally evolved in response to problems associated with urbanization. Recent changes in social attitudes
and living patterns have influenced how counties provide recreational programs or facilities. Irregardless of the influential forces, recreation remains an important community asset,
not only for business generated by recreatiion but also for the part that well-planned areas and facilities can play in stabilizing population, reducing business turnover, attracting
new industry, and providing for a total community living environment that offers for a full range of amenities. A wide variety of recreational activities and attractions exist for residents
and non-residents of Greene Township. Composed predominantly of rural farmlands that give way to sloping forests in the east and west, Greene Township holds ample opportunities for outdoorsman.
The Conococheague and numerous smaller streams provide anglers with outstanding fishing opportunities. Hunters will find an abundant supply of game on lands throughout the Township.
Winter-sports enthusiasts may enjoy activities like snowmobiling, crosscouuntr skiing, and down-hill skiing at Whitetail Ski Resort near Mercersburg. Caledonia State Park totalling 1,444
acres (including portions in Adams County) lies in the southeastern corner of the Township along U.S. Route 30. Facilities include bathing, camping, fishing, picnicking and hiking along
the Appalachian Trail. At the entrance to this park is Thaddeaus Steven's Blacksmith Shop, a historic reminder of this advocate of education and human rights. Also available in the Caledonia
Page 8-10
I I I I I I I State Park is the Totem Pole Playhouse, which has presented a summer series of musicals and top plays since 1952. Other State Parks or Forests within or near the Township
include the Mont Alto State Park and Pine Grove Furnace. Golfers can.enjoy a round of golf at many nearby courses including the Chambersburg Country Club, Conocodell Golf Club on Cold
Spring Road, Penn National near Pond Bank, and Majestic Ridge located off of Adin Lane near Chambersburg. Furthermore, a wide variety of recreational parks which include ball fields,
playground equipment and similar activities are located throughout the Township. Major recreational areas within the Township are shown on map 8-3. 8.8 MEDICAL FACILITIES 8.9 8.10 Greene
Township residents are served by the Chambersburg Hospital, a non-profit 238 bed general service facility. Other area facilities include the Waynesboro Hospital with 145 beds. Regional
specialized units are the South Mountain Restoration Center, a State Facility at South Mountain, and the Hershey Medical Center. Medical Centers are also located in Greencastle and nearby
Shippensburg. Supplementing these facilities, Franklin County has numerous physicians, including general practitioners and specialists; dentists, registered nurses, licensed practical
nurses, pharmacists, physical therapists, chiropractors, counselors, and others. POLICE AND FIRE PROTECTION Police protection is provided by the Pennsylvania State Police. The Township
does not maintain a local Police Department. Responses to fires are provided by the Fayetteville Volunteer Fire Company (only company with facilities in Greene Townshiip) Franklin Rural
Volunteer Fire Company, Chambersburg; Pleasant Hall Fire Company, Pleasant Hall; and the West End Volunteer Fire Company, Shippensburg. These volunteer fire companies adequately cover
the needs of Greene Township. LIBRARY FACILITIES Within Franklin County there are several libraries supplemenntin those at the school facilities. Public libraries include: Conococheague
District District Library; Fort Loudon Library; Franklin County Library; St. Thomas Library; Shippensburg Public Library; and Alexander Hamilton Free Library. Many of these libraries
are connected with inter-library loan programs which enables residents to enjoy a greater variety and range of resources. Page 8-11
I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I 8.11 MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS I I I I I The Board of Supervisors maintains its administrative office and public works garage on Lincoln Street and Garver Lane
in Scotland. Additional property was acquired to accommodate a storm drainage right-of-way near the corner and adjacent to these buildings on approximately 0.36 acre; and to attach a
rental house on approximately 1.77 acres for future expansion of these buildings. Other properties owned by Greene Township include a dedicated stormwater impoundment area for the Presidential
Heights subdivision on the corner of Jackson and Adams Drive consisting of 1.11 acres; the former township landfill on Mickey Inn Road consisting of 1.98 acres; and the former State
road maintenance building at the corner of Horst and Philadelphia Avenue on approximately 0.45 acre. These other properties cannot be developed. The Township also operates a commuter
parking lot on Old Scotland Road. The Municipal Authority building is located on Sunset Pike. These facilities are shown on Map 8-3. 8.12 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Community
Services within Greene Township include utilities, water/sewer services, institutions, police/fire departments, medical services, recreational facilities and other public services. A
large extent of Greene Township is served by the Guilford Water Authority for public water supplies. The Authority has 4,425 connections within the Township. An estimated 277.7 millions
gallons of water from this system was utilized by Greene Township in 1992, averaging a use of 761 thousand gallons per day. The remainder of the Township's population utilizes on-site
wells for potable water supplies. Only areas served by public water have a reliable source of water for fire protection. In general, areas that have a 6-inch transmission line and a
line pressure of about 300 pounds per square inch can utilize fire hydrants. Surface waters can be utilized for fire protection, but are an unreliable source. The Greene Township Municipal
Authority serves almost 75% of the Township for sewerage. The Authority has approximately 131 linear miles of pipe in the Township, ranging in diameter from 6" to 30". The Authority
currently has a reserve capaciit of 1.11 million gallons/day at the Chambersburg Regional Treatment Facility, the location of ultimate sewage disposal for the Township. The remainder
of the Township utilizes onsiit sewage systems (septic tanks and sand mounds) for sewage disposal. According to the Township Sewage Enforcement Officer, approximately 50 permits for
subsurface disposal have been issued each year over the past five (5) years. Page 8-12
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 Utility services consist of electric power, natural gas, telephone and television services. Electric power service is supplied by the West Penn
Power Company, a privately owned public utility. Natural Gas service is supplied by three (3) suppliers: 1) Penn Fuels Gas, Inc., 2) Columbia Gas of Pennsylvania, and 3 ) the Borough
of Chambersburg. Telephone service is supplied by United Telephone, and television service is provided by Time Warner Cable Company. Solid waste management disposal is a serious problem
facing communities throughout the United States. The different types of waste materials generated within the Township are listed as municipal solid waste, industrial and agricultural
residues, sewage sludge and septage, and infectious and toxic waste (generated from industries and medical facilities). It was forecasted that approximately 7,717 tons of municipal solid
waste was going to be generated within the Township in 1993. During 1992, Greene Township was served by the commercial solid waste haulers: 1) R&A Bender, 2) E.J. Barnhart Trucking,
and 3) Waste Management. E.J. Barnhart no longer exists and was purchased by Waste Management on March 11, 1992. Recycling is the separation, collection and recovery of materials for
sale or reuse that otherwise would become municipal waste. Recycling of aluminum, paper, plastics and both clear and colored glass occurs in the Township. Greene Township is situated
within the Chambersburg Area School District (CASD), the largest school district in the County. The District contains 19 elementary schools (grades kindergarten through fifth), 1 middle
school (grades sixth and seventh), 1 junior high school (grades eighth and ninth) and 1 senior high school (grades ten through twelfth). The Franklin County Vocational/Technical school
exists for those junior high and senior high school students wishing to learn specific trades and skills. The Lincoln Intermediate Unit serves the district in conducting programs for
the mentally retarded and the handicapped. The total number of students within the district has declined over the past decade. It has been forecasted, however, that due to increased
populations of the County, enrollment within the district will increase over the next decade. A number of students within the area attend non-public schools. This population is approximately
10% of the total number of students attending the Chambersburg Area School District schools. A number of post secondary institutions exist relatively near Greene Township. These institutions
include 1) Wilson College, 2) Shippensburg University, 3) Dickinson College and Law School, 4 ) Mont Alto Campus of Penn State, and 5) Gettysburg College. Page 8-13
I I 8 D E I I 1 I 1 I 1 I I I I I A wide variety of recreational facilities and services exist within Greene Township. Hunting, fishing, winter sports, golf, and other sports are activities
available to Township residents. The largest medical facility serving Township residents is the Chambersburg Hospital. Other medical facilities within the surrounding area are the Waynesboro
Hospital, South Mountain Restoration Center and the Hershey Medical Center. Supplemenntin these facilities are numerous doctors, dentist, nurses and other general practitioners and specialists.
The Township does not have its own police force. However, police protection is provided by the Pennsylvania State Police. The only fire company within Greene Township is the Fayetteville
Volunteer Fire Company. However, in times of emergency, the Township is also served by the Franklin Rural Volunteer Fire Company, the Pleasant Hall Fire Company, and the West End Volunteer
Fire Company for fire protection. County-wide, there exists a number of of libraries. In addition to school facilities, public libraries in the County include: the Conococheague District
Library; Fort Loudon Library; Franklin County Library; St. Thomas Library; Shippensburg Public Library; and Alexander Hamilton Free Library. Municipal buildings within the Township are
located on Lincoln Street (administrative and public works garage) and on Garver Lane (Supervisors building). In addition, a commuter parking lot exists within the village of Scotland.
I I Page 8-14
CHAPTER 9 TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER 9 I TRANSPORTATION 1 I I i 1 I I I I 3 9.1 INTRODUCTION Transportation is essentially a service which enables people, organizations, and various other entities to carry on activities
at sites selected for these purposes in separated locations. The very heart of transportation planning is rooted in the design of circulation systems which maximize accessibility for
essential movements between linked activities, giving due consideration to safety, comfort, and amenity as well as cost. In today's society, the highway and motor vehicle have become
essential elements in the transportation of goods, people, and services due to their flexibility in terms of providing direct and efficient origin to destination connections. In recent
years, dependence on the motor vehicle has continued to increase dramatically and thus efficient transportation networks have become essential to the growth and development of a community.
Indeed, Greene Township is heavily dependent upon the automobile as a source of transportation, as highlighted by the fact that as of 1990, 91.3% of all workers in Greene Township used
a car, truck, or van as a mode of transportation to work. At the same time, only 12.1% and 0.3% respectively, of all workers journeyed to work by car pool or public transportation. The
basic means of transportation in Greene Township will remain the motor vehicle. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify and examine the existing transportation system in Greene
Township. The transportation analysis will inventory the condition of existing roadways, review traffic movements and current volumes, and identify deficiencies in the existing transportation
system. Furthermore, other modes of transportation such as the public transportation system, existing rail lines, and air travel facilities, will also be documented and evaluated. 9.2
TRAFFIC GENERATORS A majority of traffic using the main roadways within the Township is generated by major industrial-commercial and\or residential activities located in or near the
Township. Activities which attract or initiate high volumes of traffic are referred to as traffic generators. Typically traffic volumes will sharply increase on roads providing access
to large traffic generators. However, traffic volumes tend to decrease with increased distance from the trip generating source. Page 9-1
I 1 I 9.3 I I I I I Land use activities have different traffic generating characteristics which may affect the functional use of a road and the safety of the persons using those roads.
For example, agricultural land use activities do
not generate trips to the same extent that a shopping center does. Traffic generators in or adjacent to Greene Township include: Letterkenny Army Depot; the Chambersburg Shopping Mall;
the Norland Shopping Mall; the Sunset Industrial/Commercial Park; various Elementary and Secondary Schools; Chambersburg Borough; and several major land developments. EXISTING ROADWAY
NETWORK Greene Township's roadway network consists of four primary transportation corridors, U.S. Routes 11 and 30, PA Route 997, and Interstate (1-81). Interstate 81 and U . S . Route
11 trend in a north-south manner, while U.S. 30 and PA Route 997 traverses the Township in an east-west direction. Most other state routes intersect at least one of these key corridors
at some point along their route and therefore serve as a means of immediate access to the primary corridors. Many of these intersections are significant because they are often areas
that experience intense traffic flow, and therefore must be studied in detail to ensure that current conditions are suitable for smooth traffic flow. Map 9-1 illustrates the key roadway
corridors and associated intersections within the Greene Township Comprehensive Plan Study Area. 0 PA Route 997: PA Route 997 is considered by Penn DOT as being a Priority Commercial
Network, a Commercial Highway and an Agricultural Access Network in several areas. PA Route 997 trends from its intersection of U.S. Route 30 in a north-west fashion through the western
boundary of the Township. Several major intersections are located along this route including Exit 8 of 1-81 and the intersection of U.S. Route 11. PA Route 997 consists of one lane in
each direction, with a center, two way turning lane at the aforementioned intersections. The intersection of 1-81, PA Route 696, and PA Route 997 in Scotland is a major one, characterized
by large traffic volumes and periods of congestion, especially during the peak evening hour. 0 U.S. Route 11: U.S. Route 11 is a principal arterial which traverses the Township in a
north-south direction. The construction of 1-81 in the early-1960's has relieved U.S. Route 11 of it's primary duty as a major regional highway. However, it remains vitally important
on a local level carrying a sizable amount of traffic between Chambersburg and Shippensburg. The key corridors are described below: Page 9-2
P I 1 I I I I 1 8 I I 8 1 I I I t II i 0 U.S. Route 30: U.S. Route 30 is an east-west corridor extending from the border of Adams County to the west where it crosses the Guilford Township
boundary. For the most part, the roadway is one lane in each direction, with shoulders and a center, two-way left turn lane. U.S. Route 30 is considered a priority commercial network/commercial
highway. Furthermore, within Greene Township, U.S. Route 30 intersects two (2) other state Routes, PA 233 and PA 997. 0 Interstate 81: 1-81 is a federally funded, four-lane divided highway
built to specifications capable of handling large traffic volumes and significant amounts of motor freight. The interstate, which travels in a northsoout direction, has 12' pavement
widths and minimum curvature to allow for uninhibited traffic flow. Interstate 81 is considered a priority commercial network/commercial highway according to the PennDOT. In addition
to the above corridors, the following key intersections were identified for concentrated analysis: 1. Interstate 81 and -Route 997 interchange 2. U.S. Route 11 and -Route 997 intersection
3. U.S. Route 30 and -Route 997 intersection -Route 233 intersection 9.4 TRAFFIC VOLUMES Current traffic volumes for major thoroughfares within Greene Township have been obtained from
the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Roadway Management Information System. Review of the traffic volumes is an important component of the analysis of the existing roadway system
because traffic count data gives an accurate indication of which roadways have experienced a significant increase in usage. Furthermore, it will provide a basis from which recommendations
for improvements can be made. The major thoroughfares in Greene Township will be analyzed in terms of traffic volumes by roadway (Refer to Table 9-A). Traffic volumes were analyzed for
the following roadways in Greene Township: 0 Interstate 81 0 U.S. Route 11 0 U.S. Route 30 0 Pennsylvania Route 233 0 Pennsylvania Route 433 0 Pennsylvania Route 696 Page 9-3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pennsylvania Route 997 Pennsylvania Route 1001 Pennsylvania Route 1003 Pennsylvania Route 1004 Pennsylvania Route 1006 Pennsylvania Route 1008 Pennsylvania Route
4014 Pennsylvania Route 4015 Pennsylvania Route 4017 Pennsylvania Route 4019 TABLE 9-A GREENE TOWNSHIP ROADWAY INFORMATION LENGTB AVERAGE ANNUAL TRUCK FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION ROUTE
# IN MILES DAILY TRAFFIC COUNT PERCENTAGE ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ U.S. R o u t e 11 5.1 12,715 3.5% Minor A r t e r i a l , O t h e r Principal A r t . U.S. R o u t e 30 4.5 10,002 9.0% O t h e r
Principal A r t e r i a l Interstate 81 5.6 12,781 23.8% Interstate B i g h w a y PA R o u t e 233 I 3.9 1,263 I 2.83 1 R u r a l Major C o l l e c t o r 1 I PA R o u t e 433 I 3.7 1
2,631 I 7.3% I R u r a l Minor A r t e r i a l 1 ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ PA R o u t e 696 2.4 911 15.0% R u r a l Minor C o l l e c t o r PA R o u t e 997 9.9 6,004 5.4% R u r a l Major C o l l
e c t o r /M i n o r A r t e r i a l PA R o u t e 1001 2.6 3,643 3.0% R u r a l Minor C o l l e c t o r PA R o u t e 1003 3.4 2,935 2.08 R u r a l Minor C o l l e c t o r PA R o u t
e 1004 4.0 2,923 3.0% R u r a l Minor C o l l e c t o r PA R o u t e 1006 1 1.0 3,810 9.0% R u r a l Minor C o l l e c t o r 1 I PA R o u t e iooe I 1.7 I 1,862 1 2.5% I R u r a l Minor
C o l l e c t o r 1 ~ ~~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ PA R o u t e 4014 1.6 1,760 6.0% R u r a l Major C o l l e c t o r PA R o u t e 4015 2.4 4,040 7.09 R u r a l Major C o l l e c t o r PA R o
u t e 4017 0.3 584 7.38 R u r a l Major C o l l e c t o r PA R o u t e 4019 0.5 3,486 9.0% R u r a l Major C o l l e c t o r Source: Pennsylvania D e p a r t m e n t of Transportation,
1993. 9.5 TRAFFIC VOLUME TRENDS Daily traffic volumes for key roadway links in Greene Township were compared for the period of 1985 to 1993. Table 9-B illustrates traffic volumes on
these roadways in 1985 and in 1993. Of the roadways monitored, excluding 1-81, U.S. Route 30 and PA 433, all have been subject to a percentage increase in traffic volume ranging from
a high of 96.9 8 on PA 1007 to a a low of 0.2 % on PA 1006. Page 9-4
TABLE 9-B ~~ PA Route 1001 PA Route 1004 GREENE TOWNSHIP TRAFFIC VOLUME TRENDS, 1985 -1993 1,850 3,643 96.9 1,793 2,800 2,923 4.3 123 Interstate 81 12,000 12,781 6.5 781 PA Route 233
944 1,263 33.7 319 PA Route 1006 PA Route 433 2,850 2,631 (7-6) 219 PA Route 696 I 500 I 911 I 82.2 411 I 3,800 3,810 0.2 10 I PA Route 997 1 3,533 I 6,004 I 69.9 1 2,471 1 PA Route
4014 I 1,673 I 1,760 I 5.2 87 ~~ Source: Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. 9.6 FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM In order to examine the existing transportation
system in Greene Township, it is necessary to define the classification of roadway systems established by the Federal Highway Administraation U.S. Department of Transportation and the
Pennsylvaani Department of Transportation. Roadways are grouped or defined based upon the function that they are intended to serve. Thus, a hierarchial and logical-order system of road
classifications has been developed which can be useful in planning and determining future roadway improvements. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Design categorizes
roads and highways into an Urban Area System and a Rural Area System. The Service Characteristics of each system are as follows: Page 9-5
TABLE 9-C FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM SERVICE CHARACTERISTICS INTERSTATE AND OTHER LIMITED ACCESS FREEWAYS-[ I. /I PRINCIPAL ARTER I ALS MINOR ARTERIALS ARTERIALS COLLECTORS c-LOCAL
ROADS-----------L :3: . INTERSTATE AND OTHER L JUlTED ACCESS FREEWAYS'-c I . PRINCIPAL ARTERIALS MINOR ARTERIALS 4. ARTERIALS UAJOR COLLECTORS U IN OR COLLECTOR [S-. :: 3. c-COLLECTORS
-c LOCAL ROADS-L 3. URBAN AREA SYSTEM Provldes llmlted access facllltles. Serve6 mJor centers of act l v l t y and corr les hlgh proport Ion of area travel on mlnlrmm mlleo e. lnte rated
both fnternally and between mJor rural connecllons. Carryes most tr Ips enter Ing and leav Ing the area and serves Intra area trave 1. Provldes conllnulty for rural arterlale. Spaclng
related to trlp-end denslty charocterlstlcs. Interconnects w l l h ond augments prlnclpol orterlols. Accomdaies tr Ips of moderate length. Dlstr lbutes trove1 to oreas smaller than l
d e n i l f led w l t h hlgher system. PlOCeS errphasls on land access ond offers lower t r a f f IC mob1 I I t y . SpaC Ing norm I I y not more than one ml le. Provlde6 both land acce66
servlces and irafflc clrculatlon. Dlstr lbutes tr Ips from ariw 1016 through redldent la1 nelghborhoods to u I i lmoie desi lnai Ion. Collects t r o f f IC from locol 6 l r e e t ~a
nd channels to arlerlal6. Conpr lses 0 1 I facl I It lee not In one of lhe higher 8YSlefm. Permlts dlrect access i o abuttlng lands and connects i o hlgher systems. 0 16COUrOgeS ihrough-iraf
f IC movement. RURAL AREA SYSTEM Provldes I Iml red 0 ~ ~ 8 6fo6c l I I t les. Serves SiOieWlde or Interstate travel. Serve8 al I urbanlzed areoe. Provldes Integrated movements wllhout
stub COnneCtlOnS. L Inks cliles, larger town6 and other i r a f f IC generaiors. Prov Ides Integroied interstate and Intercounty SerV Ice. Spaced 01 proper Intervale consletent wlth
populailon denally. Corr ldor movemenis consistent w l th 1. through 3. wl th greater tr ip lengths and travel denslt lee than those eerved by r u r a l col lector or local system. Provldes
servlcs io county seats, larger towns and other traf f IC e onnecis routes of hlgher c l a s s l f Icailon. Serve8 lnteroouniy trave I oorr Idore. Spaced 01 Intervals to collect t r
a f f l c from local roads. Prov Ides serv Ices i o rem0 In Ing s m I ler CorNIUn I t lee. L Inks local i r a f f IC generators wl th rural hlnler land. Provlde6 occess to land adjocent
to col lector network. Serves travel over r e l a i lvely short dlslonces. Consiliuies all rural mlleoge not classified In one of the hlgher System. ener o 1 or e.
9.7 VOLUME/CAPACITY AND LEVEL OF SERVICE While traffic volumes provide a measure of activity on a road system, it is also important to gauge how well that system can accommodate those
volumes (i.e. what is the capacity of the highway or intersection?). By definition, the capacity of a highway or intersection is the maximum number of vehicles that can be accommodated
given the constraints of roadway geometry, environment, traffic characteristics, and controls. An unsignalized intersection along a major route is seldom critical from an overall capacity
standpoint. However, it may be of great significance to the capacity of a minor cross route and it may influence the level of service on both the through route and the minor cross route.
It is assumed that the through movement on the major street has the right-of-way over all side street traffic and left-turns from the major street. A descriptive mechanism has been developed
by the Transportation Research Board, based upon a scale from "A" to ''F", relating capacity (based upon the number of gaps) to the expected traffic delay (described as Levels of Service)
for side street traffic and for left-turns from the major street. At signalized intersections, other factors affect the various approach capacities, including width of approach, number
of lanes, signal "green time", turning percentages, truck volumes, etc. However, operation at capacity is far from satisfactory since substantial delays or reduced operating speeds are
likely. Therefore, a comparable descriptive mechanism has been developed indicating average delays at intersections on a scale from A (indicating little or no delay) to F (indicating
average delay of more than 60 seconds. Delays cannot be related to capacity in a simple one-to-one fashion. It is possible to have delays in the Level of Service "F" range, without exceeding
roadway capacity. High delays can exist without exceeding roadway capacity if one or more of the following conditions exist: a Long signal cycle lengths; a A particular traffic movement
experiences a long "red time"; or, a Progressive movement for a particular lane group is poor. While the previous discussion describes the level of service concept in general, it is
important to relate the concept to Greene Township in particular. Levels of Service A and B indicate typically congestion-free operation and are clearly acceptable in Greene Township.
Page 9-7
Levels of service C and D, on the other hand, represent the start of congestion and , while still acceptable, indicate that further increases in traffic could result in congestion. Consequently,
conditions should be continually monitored. Levels of Service E and F are usually considered not acceptable and indicate short term improvements must be considered. A detailed volume/capacity
analysis was completed for existing conditions at Township intersections during the evening peak hour and revealed that practically all intersections were operating at Levels of Service
A through C. No intersections were found to be operating at a Level of Service of E or F. However, the intersection of Interstate 81 and Route 997 was determined to be operating at a
Level of Service rating of D. 9.7.1 Accident Analysis Accident histories for the key roadway corridors in Greene Township were provided by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
Engineering District 8-0 for analysis. The accident report summary covers a four year period from 1988 to 1992, detailing information for the following roadway corridors: Interstate
81, U.S. Routes 11 and 30, PA Route 233, PA Route 433, PA Route 696, PA Route 997, and PA Route 1001, PA Route 1003, PA Route 1004, PA Route 1006, PA Route 1007, PA Route 1008, PA Route
4014, PA Route 4015, PA Route 4017, and PA Route 4019. Table 9-B illustrates the accident summary report information as listed for each roadway, detailing the number of accidents per
year, the percent caused by inclement weather conditions, the percent that occurred in non-adverse conditions, the number of fatalities, and the total number of accidents involving some
form of injury. The accident analysis summary report illustrates which . roadways have experienced the most number of accidents. PA Route 997 had the largest number of accidents with
a total of 167 over the five year period. During this time period 5 fatalities were recorded, and of the 167 total accidents 102 involved injury of some sort. Page 9-8
TABLE 9-B ACCIDENT SUMMARY REPORT S.R. 4019 3 ,I ' I I ' 2 0 1 1 86a 14% 0 6 I I ACCIDENT/= Roadway S.R. 81 18 20 15 21 13 19881 1989 11990 11991 11992 S.R. 11 28 27 32 28 19 S.R. 30
26 S.R. 233 I 10 I 8 I 13 I 10 1 11 S.R. 433 4 7 10 5 2 S.R. 696 I 11 I 4 1 5 1 71 5 S.R. 997 32 41 30 29 35 S.R. 1001 4 13 6 6 2 S.R. 1003 10 12 1 8 2 S.R. 1004 7 9 3 8 8 S.R. 1006
5 5 3 1 2 S.R. 4014 I 4 I 2 I 6 1 3 1 5 S.R. a015 a 4 4 4 a S.R. 4017 1 1 4 5 0 ADVERSE 1 TOTAL I INJURY CONDITION I CONDITION FATALITIES ACCIDENT NO ADVERSE 72a 28% 3 50 16% 3 83 I
Source: Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Engineering District 8-0. There may be several reasons for this significant number of accidents on S.R. 997. When compared to other
State Routes in Greene Township, S.R. 997 experiences significant volumes of traffic. Therefore, the number of traffic accidents on PA Route 997 is expected to be one of the highest
in the Township. Furthermore, PA Route 997 is a relatively long stretch of roadway in Greene Township extending nearly 10 miles in length. Finally, S.R. Route 997 will experience more
traffic accidents than any other roadway because it is surrounded with residential development which increases substantially the number of turning movements and the number of abrupt
stops and starts. Not surprisingly, 54 of the 167 accidents were caused by either tailgating, improper turning, or failing to heed stopped vehicles. In general, accident occurrences
seem to correlate strongly with the average traffic volumes experienced by a roadway and the length of the roadway as it runs through the Township. Page 9-9
I I I I 1 I 9.8 A larger number of accident occurrences are found along roadways that experience significantly high traffic volumes in relation to their design capacity. Therefore, higher
accident occurrences have been found along major roadway networks which experience heavy usage such as Interstate 81, U.S. Route 11, U.S. Route 30, and State Route 997. The results of
the accident summary report information further supports the notion that problem areas do exist along a number of Greene Township's primary roadway corridors. Recommendations for improvements
to these major corridors need to be considered in order to assure safe and expedient travel along the major road networks throughout the Township. RECENT TRANSPORTATION STUDIES Several
transportation planning studies have been recently completed to determine improvements necessary to various Township thoroughfares to support projected future traffic growth through
the year 2010. The studies have included the three major transportation corridors of PA Route 997, Interstate 81 and US Route 30. The following sections describe each study in detail.
9.8.1 US Route 30 This study was prepared for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation by Gannett-Fleming, Incorporated. The study spanned Franklin, Adams and York Counties along
the US Route 30 corridor between Mercersburg Road (PA Route 416) and Hanover Road (PA Route 116), a distance of 57 miles. The study was completed in two phases, A and B. Phase A included
an analysis of critical locations along the corridor as well as a need for bypasses around Chambersburg and Gettysburg. Phase B addressed additional concerns raised by the public, elected
officials, and the advisory committee subsequent to presentation of the results of Phase A. Only Phase A made specific recommendations pertaining to Greene Township. Phase A of the study
addressed overall corridor needs as well as specific area improvements. This Phase was broken into the following sections: e Intersection and Roadway Improvements: This facet of the
study considered the following three factors: 1) Municipal Input, 2) Accident History, and 3) Capacity Constraints. Representatives from all municipalities along the corridor were interviewed
to determine the perceived problems as well as to ascertain development activity in the area. Accident histories for the entire length of US Route 30 were reviewed and compared to statewide
averages to determine high accident locations. Page 9-10
Capacity and signal warrant analyses were conducted for the roadway links and selected intersections to determine locations that would exceed capacity in the year 2014. Based on the
results of the analysis procedures described above, improvement schemes were developed to accommodate design year volumes, improve safety and facilitate movement. As illustrated in the
Table 9-C, three ( 3 ) improvements were recommended for US Route 30 within Greene Township. TABLE 9-C US ROUTE 30 RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS h G o l f Course Road Source: Project Locations
Study, U.S. Route 30, Section Sol. 0 Traffic Demand Modelinq and BYRaSS Evaluation of Chambersburq: A major part of the evaluation of the corridor which impacted on the recommendations
of the study was a comprehensive Travel Demand Model which was developed specifically for the project. The model used input from origin and destination and traffic volume recording programs,
county comprehensive plans, census bureau information, and planned development information to develop 2014 projected traffic volumes. The model also factored in a proposed two lane bypass
around Chambersburg to relieve congestion in this area. The results of the model indicated that a bypass route is not warranted and could not be justified. The basis for this conclusion
is detailed below. * Most people using US Route 30 in this area are going to or coming from Chambersburg. * The Average Daily Traffic will only decrease between 600 and 2000 vehicles
(2% and 7%) along the most congested portion of US Route 30 with a bypass. 9.8.2 1-81 Additional Interchanse The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation is currently in the process
of deciding whether or not to build an interchange along 1-81 in the Chambersburg area. Page 9-11
ii I I 1 I I 1 I I 1 I I I 1 I 1 I I I Page 9-12 It is presently considering three ( 3 ) options: first, a site north of Chambersburg in Greene Township; second, a site south of Chambersburg
in Guilford Township; and third, not to build the interchange anywhere. The proposed alternative in the vicinity of Walker Road is not in keeping with the agricultural and residential
character of this area of Greene Township. Several large tracts of land in this area are within designated agriculttura security districts. Grand Point, Kohler and Walker Roads are used
by farm traffic among land parcels and to markets. This area also does not contain any public utilities or major roads to accommodate higher density development. Therefore, current Township
policy allows for low density residential and agricultural uses. Such policy is consistent with the intent of agricultural preservation. 9.8.3 Government Policv and Land Use Chanqe alonq
State Hiqhways -A Case Study of the Route 997 Corridor (an unpublished report by Professor Jack Ford of Shippensburg University) The project study area consisted of approximately 7.7
miles along PA Route 997 and approximately 3/4 of a mile on each side. The total study area contains nearly 10,500 acres. The intersection of U.S. Route 11 and Route 997 at Greenvillage
defines the western boundary of the Study area, while the intersection of U.S. Route 30 and 997 defines the eastern edge of the study area. The overall purpose of this Study was to assist
local decision makers answer the following questions: a. How will proposed land development impact the level of service along adjacent portions of the corridor and along the entire corridor?
b. How can effective site planning mitigate some of the harmful impacts of the land use change on traffic flow along this corridor? c. What type of regulations are needed to reduce traffic
conflicts and improve the level of service along the corridor? The study indicated that Route 997 has changed in the past fifty (50) years from a rural collector linking agricultural
nodes to a two-lane arterial with an intensive pattern of residential and commercial land uses. The study detailed how land use changes increase traffic volumes which contribute to a
decline in levels of service. Development at one location along Route 997 may impact traffic characteristics along the entire corridor.
I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I i The a. b. C. d. e. study concluded that: Future residential development should be designed to increase the use of minor inter-connected roads.
Ideally, each subdivision should maintain its congestion within its boundaries. Unfortunately, past development has opened directly onto the highway and contributed to an overall decline
of service along it. The peak hour factor (PHF) is a measurement of short term variation in traffic demand during a period of maximum volume. Major residential and commercial development
should be required to provide PHF data for key intersections at least within a mile or so of the development. PHF data should become a considered factor in the approval process for all
development. The level of service along the corridor is influenced by the turning opportunities at major intersections by the incorporation of more feeder roads and by encouraging cluster
development. The dispersed pattern of land uses along the corridor encourage an excessive non-non-center or nonfoccuse type of movement. As a result, trip lengths for even non-basic
goods and services are normally very high. The abundance of vacant land served by public water and sewer encourages even more non-central movement patterns. The conversion of the vacant
land to more intensive uses requires careful observation watching since it will have major impacts on the future levels of service. The current regulation of vacant land along the roadway
encourages an almost unlimited number of permitted and conditional uses. For example, residential uses are allowed in all commercial zones. More efficient future movement could be achieved
by reducing the number of permitted and conditional uses within non-residential areas. Careful evaluation needs to be given to off-site impacts of large developments. Effective incorporation
of traffic design principals may reduce some of the harmful impacts. For example, off-site impacts of a large scale commercial development could be reduced by the incorporation of some
or all of the following: 1) Traffic channelization 2) Left turn prohibitions 3 ) More warning signs 4 ) Internal feeder road system Page 9-13
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I f. Various planning tools such as overlay zones and site plan review are needed along the corridor. In addition, the corridor should be recognized
as a unique component of the community in the next update of the Comprehensive Plan. 9.9 PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES 9.9.1 Chambersburq Transit Authority With recent interests within the
regional area for a public transit system, the Chambersburg Transit Authority (CTA-1990) to provide this service. The CTA provides a cost-effective means of alternative transportation
within Chambersburg and portions of Greene Township. The service operates on Monday through Saturday from 8:30 a.m. and 6:15 p.m. with fifteen (15) stops which include the following:
e e e e e 0 e 0 0 e e e e e e Giant Food Store Memorial Park YMCA /CAS HS Chambersburg Hospital Menno Haven/Menno Village Faust School Norland Shopping Center Penn Hall Park Avenue Pharmacy
United Towers Memorial Square Southgate Shopping Center Senior Center/C.V. Mental Health Cressler’s Food Store Franklin County Housing Authority Furthermore, in March 1994, CTA plans
to triple the present service area and increase the number of stops within the existing route. In addition, new operating hours will be 7:OO a.m. to 7:OO p.m., Monday through Saturday.
The present fare structure for the service consists of a flat rate of fifty (.SO) cents for any length of travel for free. In March 1994, a new fare structure will be instituted. Rates
will remain at a flat fee of fifty (.SO) cents for any length of travel for ages 13 to 59. However, children aged 5 to 12 will pay a fee of twentyfiiv (.25) cents, and children from
the ages of 0 to 5 and senior citizens ride for free. One final service provided by CTA addresses the needs of disabled riders. Although the existing service provides the capability
to service the disabled, if access is not Page 9-14
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I possible at the regular stops, special door service to the residence is available. The limiting qualification for this service is that the door
service is provided only within a one-quarter (1/4) mile radius of the regular stops. 9.9.2 Franklin Countv Inteqrated Transportation The Franklin County Integrated Transportation Department
provides transportation services to clients of social service agencies and to the general public. Persons eligible for transportation include clients of social programs, persons identified
as part of a target population (i,e., senior citizens, handicapped, and impoverished persons), and the general public (for a fee and on a space available basis). This service is available
Monday through Friday from 6:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. This program is funded through a lottery fund as administered by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportattion the Department of Aging,
and the Department of Public Welfare through a Public Assistance Transportation Block Block Grant. 9.10 RAIL TRANSPORTATION Conrail and the Western Maryland Railroads cross Greene Township
in a north-south direction. Both lines radiate from Chambersburg and to the west of 1-81. 9.11 AIR TRANSPORTATION Air Service in Greene Township is limited. There are no commercial airlines
currently serving the area. Commercial airline services must be accessed at the Hagerstown or Harrisburg airports. There are however three airports which serve Greene Township, two of
which are private grass strips, the Mower Airfield near Walker Road and Forester Airstrip near Orchard Road; and
the Chambersburg Municipal Airport, located between Airport Road and U . S . Route 11 which serves as the area's major air facility. Until recently one of the primary users of the Chambersburg
Municipal Airport was Letterkenny Army Depot, however, the number of military flights has decreased from 726 in 1991 to 14 through September of 1993, Currently the principal users of
the airport are recreational sky diving enthusiasts and local businesses. As illustrated in Table 9-D the reduction in the number of military flights at the airport has had a significant
impact on the overall number of operations at the facility. Page 9-15
N I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 YEAR BUSINESS MILITARY SKYDIVING STUDENT PZEASURE 1993 ** 115 14 3992 4 158 TABLE 9-D UNXNOWN 6 1992 1991 790 218 5190 760 880 22 913 726 4018 1192
938 68 * Runway extended 348 feet; * New Taxi-Way 3,648 feet; * Additional Tie-Down area of 11,800 square yards; * Additional Terminal Area of 1,617 square feet; and * Additional Auto
Parking of 4,920 square yards. With such improvements, activity at this facility is projected to total 16,592 operations by the year 1995. To date however, none of the aforementioned
improvements have occurred, thus it can be concluded that the number of operations will not reach 16,592 by 1995. 9.12 IMPROVEMENT PLANS The Internodal Surface Transportation Efficiency
Act (ISTEA) of 1991, effective December 18, 1991, has provided and will continue to provide authorization for funding of many of Pennsylvania's transportation projects. Overall a total
of approximately $155 billion will be appropriated during fiscal years 1992 through 1997. The purpose of ISTEA is enunciated in its statement of policy: "to develop a National Internodal
Transportation System that is economically efficient, environmentally sound, provides the foundation for the Nation to compete in the global economy and will move people and goods in
an energy efficient manner." A few of ISTEA's provisions may directly affect Franklin County as well as Greene Township, they are as follows: Title I -Surface Transportation: This title
covers matters relating mainly to highways, generally administrated by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Authorizations of $121 billion are provided through this title. Page
9-16
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Several programs under this title may apply directly to Franklin County, The National Highway System the Interstate System, the Bridge Replacement
and Rehabilitation Program, the Service Byways Program, and the National Recreational Trails Funding Program, Title I1 -Highway Safety: The non-constructive highway safety programs,
which are covered under this title, are generally administrated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and FHWA. A total of $1.6 billion is authorized. Specific
to Franklin County, the State and Community Grants -402 program issues guidelines on speed limits, occupant protection, impaired driving, motorcycle safety, school buses, law enforcement
services, and the collection and reporting of data on traffic related deaths and injuries, Transportation improvement plans for Franklin County have been set forth in the most recent
twelve (12) year transportation program (1990 -2002) created by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. This program plans improvements to correct roadway and bridge deficiencies
within the greater Chambersbuur area. The twelve (12) year program is divided into three (3) phases: first four years, second four years, and third four years. Some recommended improvements
for roadways within Greene Township are summarized below, and are scheduled to be completed within the first four years (1992-1996). * US Route 30 Corridor Safety Improvements; * Proposed
New Interchange along Interstate 81 in Franklin County; * Interstate 81 Guiderail and Signs Improvements; and * PA Route 997 Bridge Replacement over Interstate 81. 9.13 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
AND CONCLUSIONS The highway and motor vehicle have become essential elements in the transportation of goods, people and services. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the existing
roadwwa network is capable of providing safe, direct and efficient travel. Furthermore, the economic stability, growth, and development of a community is directly dependent on the existing
transportation system in place.Regionally, Greene Township is well served by its existing roadway network. The roadway network consists of two (2) primary east/west corridors with U.S.
Route 30 and State Route 997, and two north/south corridors including Interstate Route 81 and U . S . Route 11. These primary roadways provide immediate access to the major urban centers
of the area. Interstate 81 is a four-lane divided highway built to specifications that allow Page 9-17
I m 1 I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I it to handle significant volumes of passenger vehicles and motor freight. Currently, 1-81 provides adequate service to residents of the Township.
The updated comprehensive plan has inventoried and analyzed the existing primary roadway network by delineating each roadway into its appropriate functional classification, analyzing
current traffic volumes and delineating potential or current problem areas based on stated criteria. It has been found that traffic volumes have increased substantially, and many of
the primary state routes within the Township are operating at levels within recommended standards. However, As a result of the analysis, it has become apparent that several roadways
are in need of physical improvements in order to accommodate the increasing traffic volumes. As noted in the problem area section, Route 997 and several other adjacent access roads such
as T-525, and T-529 are in need of maintenance and improvements. These access roads serve primarily as "feeders" for the primary corridors of U.S. Route 11, Route 30 and 1-81, and experience
the highest propensity of accidents. Traffic flows to these primary corridors need to be improved. The recent PennDOT twelve year plan has outlined a number of transportation improvements
for Greene Township. The scheduled improvements include U.S. Route 30 safety improvemennts Interstate 81 guiderail improvements and possible new interchange, and PA Route 997 constructing
a new bridge over 1-81. These improvements are scheduled through the year 2004. Rail transportation in Greene Township includes only the movement of goods in-bound and out-bound. Currently,
railroad passenger service is not available in Greene Township. Air service in Greene Township is limited. There are no commercial airlines currently serving the area. The closest commercial
airlines are available in Hagerstown, MD and Harrisburg, PA The Chambersburg Municipal Airport provides residents with a small-craft charter service. Page 9-18
CHAPTER 10 TOWNSHIP GOVERNMENT AND FINANCES
CHAPTER 10 TOWNSHIP GOVERNMENT AND FINANCES 10.1 TOWNSHIP GOVERNMENT The Board of Supervisors is the legislative body for Greene Township. It is responsible for setting policy, enacting
ordinances, adopting the budget and levying taxes. It also performs executive functions such as preparing the budget, enforcing ordinances, approving expenditures and hiring employees.
The Township Secretary is appointed by the Board of Supervisors, and also serves as treasurer for the Township. She is responsible for all daily office operations. The current structure
of Greene Township is outlined in Figure 10-1. It indicates the relationships between elected officials and appointed officials, staff and employees, and where appointed agencies fit
into the overall structure. Greene Township does not have a formal department structure. Besides the three ( 3 ) supervisors, elected township officials include three ( 3 ) auditors
and the tax collector. In the past, there was a tax assessor who worked under the direction of the Franklin County Tax Assessor. The auditors conduct the annual audit of Township finances.
They also set the compensation of the supervisors when employed by the Township as roadmaster, road superintendent, road laborer or secretary-treasurer. The tax collector collects school
and County real estate taxes, as well as certain special assessments like for street lights. In addition, the tax collector is often appointed to collect taxes levied under the authority
of the Local Tax Enabling Act. The only mandatory appointed official is the secretarytreassurer as based on the provisions of the Second Class Township Code. The duties of the solicitor
and the engineer are outlined in the Second Class Township Code, but the appointment of these officials is not mandatory. Over the years, Greene Township has appointed a solicitor and
an engineer. The solicitor has control of the legal matters of the Township, including bonds, real estate transactions, review of ordinances and court proceedings. The engineer does
the engineering design for Township roads and other public works. The engineer also prepares plans, specifications and cost estimates for work to be performed under contract. The engineer
prepares special technical studies for state and federal financial assistance and permit applications. Page 10-1
ELECTED OFFICIALS SECRETARY APPOINTED AGENCIES APPOINTED ZONING SEWAGE ENFORCE-ENGINEER/INDIVIDUALS Iw EMPLOYEES u 1 1 I FIGURE 10-1 GREENE TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION CHART I-AUDITORS I I
( 3 ) I I SUPERVISORS I II COLTLAEXC TOR II -I TAX ASSESSOR I I (VACANT) I I I &I I AUTHORITY I *I I COMMISSION I *I I HEARING BOARD I Page 10-2
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I In addition, the engineer reviews subdivision and land development plans on behalf of the Township government and inspects the public improvements
affected by these plans. Other state laws authorize appointment of officials such as the sewage enforcement officer, emergency management coordinator and zoning officer. These duties
may be held by Township employees or assigned to persons outside Township government. Greene Township employees include the secretarytreassurer the zoning officer, the roadmaster and
the road crew. The Board of Supervisors appoints the members of the Planning Commission, the Zoning Hearing Board and the Municipal Authority. At the direction of the Supervisors, the
Planning Commission may be required to prepare or amend a comprehensive plan, official maps and land use control ordinances. In addition, it may be required to prepare building codes,
environmental studies and capital improvement provisions for the Township government. Since the Supervisors have enacted a Zoning Ordinance, a Zoning Hearing Board had to be established
to hear appeals on the validity of the Zoning Ordinance and map or any decision of the Zoning Officer. In addition, the Zoning Hearing Board has the power to grant variances and special
exceptions to the Zoning Ordinance. The Supervisors have formed a Municipal Authority to finance and operate a sanitary sewer system. The Municipal Authority hires the labor and provides
materials and equipment to operate the sewer system. Except to enact enabling ordinances, to appoint Municipal Authority board members and to enforce collection of delinquent accounts,
the Supervisors have relatively little to do with the day-to-day operation of the sewer system. On the other hand, the Zoning Officer provides the staff to both the Planning Commission
and the Zoning Hearing Board. Fiscal management, road maintenance and land use and environmental regulations are the primary functions of the Supervisors. A significant portion of the
administration of Township government involves raising and spending public money to perform these functions. 10.2 TOWNSHIP FINANCES The primary sources of revenue for Greene Township
are local taxes. In the period of 1989 to 1993, they made up approximately 57 percent of the Township revenues. The other revenues are derived from equity interest from invested funds
(16 percent) liquid fuels highway aid funds (15 percent) and miscellaneous funds (12 percent). Page 10-3
'I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I Earned income and realty transfer taxes provide the majority of the tax revenues. The earned income tax is levied by the Supervisors and the Chambersburg
Area School District. This tax is assessed at one (1) percent of an individual's gross earned income and is collected by the Chambersburg Area Wage Tax Board. Greene Township and the
school district each receive one-half percent of this tax. Collected at the County level is the realty transfer tax, which is a one percent tax levied on all real estates transactions.
It is also split between the Township and the school district. Real estate taxes are authorized in the Second Class Township Code. The Supervisors could levy up to 14 mills for road,
bridge and general Township purposes. An additional five ( 5 ) mills can be levied for general Township purposes after approval by the Court of Common Pleas. In Greene Township, there
is no real estate tax at this time. In addition to the general fund levy, additional special tax assessments may be levied. They can be enacted to pay for specific Township purposes
such as a municipal building, fire protection, recreation, permanent improvements, road machinery, libraries, fire hydrants, ambulance squads and street lights. Only a street light tax
is imposed in Greene Township as a special assessment on property owners of land where street lights are provided. This tax is dependent upon the street frontage, geographic location
and development status of the property. It is calculated by the cost to the Township to pay for the street lights ranging from 25 cents to 40 cents per foot of street frontage for improved
lots and 6.25 cents to 10 cents for unimproved lots. Greene Township may levy non-real estate taxes. An earned income tax must be levied at the same millage rate as the Township real
estate tax. This is equal to the one (1) percent realty transfer tax rate. A wide range of other taxes may be adopted under the authority of the Local Tax Enabling Act. These include
per capita, business gross receipts, amusement, mechanical devices and occupational privilege taxes. An amusement tax was levied on entertainment businesses until 1989 when it was eliminated
by the Supervisors. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation provides substantial liquid fuels highway aid funds, which accounted for $158,514 in 1989 and $191,913 in 1993. These
funds have increased by an average of seven (7) percent each year from 1989 to 1993. New revenue sources were tapped in 1990. These additional funds included municipal solid waste landfill
fees ($110,000) and a recycling program development grant ($222,300). Cash assets have grown by an average of 13 percent each year from 1989 to 1993. Page 10-4
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Almost $2.5 million was available in the Township equity fund in 1993. 10.2.1 Annual Budqet Summary In accordance with the Second Class Township
Code, the Supervisors must prepare and adopt a budget on or before December 31st of each year for the following year. The budget is a plan for spending Township money and is prepared
on forms supplied by the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs. These budget forms are based on all types of funds that a Township government may have and are broken down into
the following funds: 1. Governmental Funds a. General Fund b. Special Revenue Fund 1) Highway Aid 2) Revenue Sharing 3) Other funds c. Capital Projects Fund 1) General Obligation Bonds
2) Capital Reserve d. Debt Service Fund e. Special Assessment Fund f. Other governmental funds 2. Proprietary Funds a. Enterprise Funds 1) Electric 2) Gas 3 ) Water 4 ) Sewer 5 ) Other
b. Internal Service Fund 3. Fiduciary Funds a. Expendable Trust b. Non-expendable Trust c. Pension Trust d. Agency Funds 1) Firemens' Relief Fund 2) Cemetery Maintenance Fund Money is
allocated to programs or activities. Within each category, expenditures are itemized. Page 10-5
I I 1 I D D I I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I I Through such a program budget format, the Supervisors are able to compare and judge the reasonableness of expenditures in each category. Table 10-A
summarizes the Greene Township Budget between the years of 1989 and 1993. The Supervisors continue with the policy of balancing the sum total of expected expenditures with that year's
expected revenues. The largest portion of the expected revenues comes directly from taxes and equity funds. Figure 10-2 shows that over 84 percent of the total expected revenues are
attributed to these sources in the 1993 budget. Even though the entire budget has been increasing by an average of 11 percent for the past five (5) years, the unappropriated equity funds
have grown by an average of 13 percent for the same time period of 1989 to 1993. During these years, the Supervisors have been successful not to institute a real estate tax resolution.
In addition, the rate of inflation for the Greene Township region has declined from 5.8 percent in in 1989-1990 to 3.1 percent in 1991-1992. Actual revenues have been rising by roughly
4.3 percent during the period of 1989-1992. Most of this growth has been due to an average nine (9) percent increase in interest earnings, seven (7) percent increase in earned income
taxes and five (5) percent increase in permit and service charges (See Table 10-B). Actual expenditures are enumerated for the period of 1989 to 1992 in Table 10-C. They are accounted
in the general fund except those required to be placed into another fund. This differs from the State Liquid Fuel Highway Aid Fund which must account for the proceeds from the State
Motor License Fund and must be kept separate from all other funds. Expenditures are legally restricted to expenditures for highway purposes in accordance with the Pennsylvania Department
of Transportation regulations. Special revenue funds are used to account for all other proceeds of specific revenue sources. None exists in Greene Township. The only other governmental
fund used by the Township is the special assessment fund for financing these improvements and services deemed to benefit the properties against which the special assessment is levied.
Almost one-half of the 1992 general fund is dedicated to public works. (see Figure 10-3). In Greene Township, the public works account records expenditures for the construction, maintenance
and repair of highways, roads, streets, sidewalks, bridges, viaducts, railroad crossings and grade separations. This account constitutes, for the most part, operating expenses (82 percent)
and to a lesser degree, capital expenses (18 percent). Page 10-6
I 'I 1 TABLE 10-A GREENE TOWNSHIP BUDGET SUMMARY I 1989 -1993 I I I I I I I 1 BUDGET YEAR LINE ITEM 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1,634,000 i 2,477,592 $ 2,493,521 609,300 19,300 65,000 515,000
10,000 27,650 15,000 234,000 163,750 7,000 15,000 1,071,700 ; 1,816,000 699,000 19,000 70,000 610,000 -0-137,650 15,000 127,000 396,300 24,000 15,000 1,413,950 CASE ASSETS i 2,074,200
785,000 35,000 80,000 670,000 -0-128,200 25,000 180,500 254,000 30,000 24,500 1,392,200 770,000 30,000 90,000 650,000 -0-134,500 25,000 166,000 200,947 30,000 58,500 825,000 30,000 95,000
700,000 -0-136,500 25,000 169,000 200,000 35,000 60,000 Real Property Real Estate Transfer Earned Income 0 Amusement Licenses/Permits Fines/Forfeits Interest/Rente Intergovernmental
Revenues Service Charges Miscellaneous Revenues Sub-total 1,354,947 I 1,420,500 3,466,400 3,832,539 341,700 123,640 87,000 802,607 802,607 -0-1,354,947 2,705,700 3,914,021 68,450 90,000
44,200 869,050 596,750 272,300 1,071,700 AVAILABLE EQUITY FUNDS 3,229,950 86,400 100,000 45,000 1,182,550 1,102,550 80,000 1,413,950 EXPENDITURES General Government 366,700 122,500 98,000
833,300 833,300 -0-1,420,500 286,600 57,000 948,600 948,600 -0-1,392,200 Public Safety 100,000 Aealth/Welfare Public Works Operation/Maintenance 0 Equipment/Construction Sub-total Unappropriated
Equity pcmds GRAEDTOIIAI. 2,074,200 3,466,400 1,634,000 2,493,521 2,705,700 1,816,000 3,229,950 Source: Greene Township, Franklin County Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Annual Budget Report,
1989 -1993. TABLE 10-B GREENE TOWNSHIP GENERAL FUND REVENUES 1989 -1992 I BUDGET YEAR 1990 i7 2,245,892 $ 2,458,663 LINE ITEM 1989 1,862,097 9,754 83,352 645,157 -0-662 8,530 39,113
148,788 28,513 48,148 133,287 5,190 -0-21,108 UNRESERVED FUND BAtRNCE $ 1,641,294 (as of January 1) I 1 i 1 I REVENUES AND OTHER I FINANCING SOURCES Real Estate Taxes Realty Transfer
Taxes Earned Income Taxes Admission Taxes Mechanical Device Taxes Licenses and Permits Fines and Forfeits Interest Earnings Rents and Royaltie6 State and Federal Grants Service Charges
Used Equipment Sales Transfers and Refunds Miscellaneous Revenues 6,835 77,876 593,929 29,464 735 44,813 19,099 140,513 17,605 45,346 116,076 18,803 6,318 2,795 -0-79,894 681,994 -0--0-4,930
27,888 177,832 38,876 63,145 126,697 -0--0-2,801 1,254 95,481 720,630 -0--0-115,650 27,923 148,802 15,914 65,398 36,791 -0--0-1,185 Total Rmwnues I 1,120,207 I 1,717,602 1,204 , 057
1,269,028 'l O-l!AAL GENERAL FUND 2,761,501 3,033,699 3,449,949 3,727,691 Source: Greene Township, Franklin County Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Annual Audit and Financial Report, 1989
-1992. I 4 Page 10-7
FIGURE 10-2 1993 BUDGET ESTIMATED REVENUES 1 13% 'es 0.89% its 0.63% its Taxes 21.06% Page 10-8
TABLE 10-C GREENE TOWNSHIP GENERAL FUND EXPENDITURES 1989 -1992 BUDGET YEAR LINE ITEM 1989 1990 1 1991 1992 EXPENDITURES AND OTEER FINANCING USES GENERAL GOVERNMENT Administration Tax
Collection Solicitor Clerk/Secretary Buildings and Plant Sub-total I H I I 1 I I I 1 I I $ 28,225 1,139 12,504 26,813 81,377 150,058 $ 25,558 1,482 8,620 28,621 90,322 154,603 $ 24,918
1,295 11,870 18,499 41,521 98,163 $ 66,366 1,395 12,257 18,471 39,229 137,988 PUBLIC SAFETY Fire Planning and Zoning Emergency Management Other Total Operating Total Capital Sub-total
$ 118,592 57,896 13,626 8,466 198,580 -0-198,580 $ 119,228 92,500 6,465 7,155 225,348 -0-225,348 $ 104,218 45,987 3,758 18,326 172,199 -0-172,199 $ 160,711 62,619 6,707 -0-230,037 -0-230,037
PUBLIC WORKS General Maintenance Street Cleaning Snow and Ice Removal Traffic Signals and Signs Street Lights and Drains Tool/Machinary Repairs Highways and Bridges Cemetaries Construction
Total Operating Total Capital Sub-total $ 2,451 -0-28,558 21,641 -0-15,422 167,612 1,145 185,832 359,461 63,200 422,66 1 $ 149,360 1,802 37,516 12,370 1,314 20,954 134,242 -0-59,327
293,096 123,849 416,945 $ 65,202 $ 61,477 1,709 1,051 32,660 18,367 15,857 33,212 1,560 3,483 23.939 16.206 129;791 110;907 -0--0-23,705 235,193 261,349 430,560 41,717 49,336 294,423
479,896 CULTURE AND RECREATION Total Operating Total Capital Sub-total 8,000 -0-8,000 12,000 12,000 -0-12,000 12,000 -0-12,414 -0-12,414 MISCELLANEOUS Retirement Fund Workers Compensation
Unemployment Comp. Insurance Premium Social Security Fund Other Employment Benefits Other Expenses Sub-total M a l Bxpenditures Unreserved Fund Balance (as of Decerber 31) $ 1,962 18,287
2,290 42,733 18,885 40,384 1,280 125,821 -0-22,976 1,516 21,608 14,443 39,401 1,489 101,433 $ $ 13,935 40,364 -0--0-38,955 9,464 223,728 121,010 $ -0-23,946 -0-48,321 -0-33,043 9,396
114,706 I 899,404 1,862,097 787,807 2,245,892 991,286 2,450,000 917,806 2,809,885 2,761,501 3,727,691 I 3,033,699 3,449,949 Source: Greene Township, Frank Financial Report, 1989 1 County
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Annual Audit and 1992. Page 10-9
I I FIGURE 10-3 1992 GENERAL FUND EXPENDITURES Public Works 46.0 Page 10-10 1, 35%
1 1 I I I I I 8 I I 1 I 1 I I I 1 I I General maintenance expenditures dropped 98 percent from $149,360 in 1989 to $2,451 in 1992. Other public works included traffic signals, signs,
stormwater facilities, cemeteries, off-street parking and equipment repair. General government and public safety comprise about onequaarte each of the 1992 general fund. General government
is charged with all expenditures for the governing body and staff offices of the Township. This category includes the Board of Supervisors, secretarytreassurer tax collector, solicitor
and related officials. Public safety represents those functions of Township government which protects persons and property. This category includes fire protection, emergency management,
planning and zoning. Very little or no capital expenditures are experienced in these two (2) categories. Contributions to the volunteer fire departments and the neighborhood recreation
associations are maintained within this category for the Greene Township residents and visitors. Miscellaneous expenditures include employee benefits (an average of $37,945.75 or 88
percent) and non-classified expenses (an average of $5,407.25 or 12 percent). Total expenditures have remained relatively stable at approximattel $900,000 between the years of 1989 and
1992. Table 10-D indicates a l l revenues from the State Liquid Fuels Highway Aid Fund to include interest earnings and turn-back road payments. This fund's balance fluctuates from year
to year with a high of $191,212 in 1990 (includes interest investment for that year) and a low of $3,348 in 1991 (this is the balance left in the account after use of funds and interest
between 1990 and 1991). The latter surplus has continued into 1993. Predominately, the State Liquid Fuels Highway Aid Fund is spent for roads and bridges. In some cases, related activities
would include general road maintenance and construction, snow and ice removal. The Special Assessment Fund for street lights has been expanding by 39 percent each year between 1989 and
1992. An average of $20,416.75 per year was collected, and only $16,075.25 was spent for these years. Therefore, a surplus has been accumulated totaling $25,372 at the end of 1992 (see
Table 10-E). This fund for street lights became an interest bearing account in 1991. A Pension Trust Fund has been set up to account for assets held by the Township government in a trustee
capacity for its Public Employee Retirement Program. This is a fiduciary fund. It differs from a governmental fund which finances most local government functions. The acquisition, use
and balance of the Township's expendable Page 10-11
I I I a Total Available 26,472 31,670 34,883 financial resources and related current liabilities, except proprietary funds are accounted through governmental funds. TABLE 10-D GREENE
TOWNSHIP STATE LIQUID FUELS HIGHWAY AID FUND 1989 -1992 42,368 BUDGET YEAR LINE ITEM 1989 I 1990 I 1991 I 1992 Total Used ASSETS as of Dec. 31st ASSETS Total Fund Balance: January 1
$ 39,716 $ 191,212 $ 42,858 $ 3,361 0 December 31 191,929 38,689 3,348 3,466 15,045 17,959 14,301 16,996 11,427 13,711 20,582 25,372 REVENUES Interest Earnings Liquid Fuels Tax Turnback
Roads Other Revenues 8,397 22,038 6,726 2,319 158,514 167,367 164,779 191,913 150 150 150 150 -0--0-2,903 6,812 Total IZevenuss 167,061 189,555 174,558 201,194 TvriuA A-zuLmLE 206,777
380,767 217,416 204,555 EXPENDITURES General Services -0--0-37 29 Snow and Ice Removal 14,823 20,682 9,237 8,060 Highway and Bridges 742 321,396 738 193,000 Highway Coinstruction -0--0-204,056
-0-Total Expenditures 15,565 342,078 214,068 201,089 nnaGgxpgaDEoAm 1 206,777 I 380,767 I 217,416 1 204,555 7mBxPmmm Source: Greene Township, Franklin County commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Annual Audit and Financial Report, 1989 -1992. TABLE 10-E GREENE TOWNSHIP SPECIAL ASSESSMENT FUND 1989 -1992 LINE ITEM Interest Earnings I -0-I -0-I -0-I 752 I-I Special Assessments
19,218 20,243 21,172 21,034 EXPENDITURES Highways, Bridges, Lighting h Drainage 1 15,045 1 17,959 I 14,301 I 16,996 I Page 10-12
10.2.2 Proprietary funds, on the other hand, are used to account for a local government's ongoing organizations and activities that are similar to those found in the private sector.
Typical proprietary funds include water, sewer, electric, gas and central garage funds. None of these funds are present in Greene Township. Total revenues in the pension trust fund have
increased by annual increments of four (4) percent. Most or all of these available revenues have been expended in annuities (see Table 10-F). They average about $21,570 for the period
of 1989 to 1992. Other fiduciary funds are shown in Table 10-G for these same years. They include a substantial Firemens' Relief Fund (on the order of $47,500) and a modest Cemetery
Maintenance Fund (slightly under $207). Annual Audit Trends In accordance with the Second Class Township Code, the Greene Township Annual Audit and Financial Report is completed each
year by the Township auditors. They identify the various fund categories and account groups applicable to to
the Township government and subject to audit. The Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs has prepared and issued a chart of accounts for municipal government, and the annual audit
report is based on the Codification of Governmental Accounting and Financial Reporting standards. This report was reviewed for the years of 1989 to 1992. It includes a tax statement,
which provides details of taxable real estate. Table 10-H illustrates that total assessed valuation at 40 percent of true value has declined from seven (7) percent increase between 1989
and 1990 to 0.1 percent increase between 1991 and 1992. The annual audit report also includes a debt statement, which shows the amount of Township indebtedness during the fiscal year.
All Township borrowing would be identified in this report. It includes various bond issues, anticipation notes, capital loans and lease rentals governed by the terms of the Local Government
Unit Debt Act. Borrowing actions in excess of $50,000 or 30 percent of the borrowing base must be approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs. Table 10-1 shows revenue
growth on Greene Township peaking to a 28 percent increase and then dropping to a one (1) percent increase in 1991. Revenues are adjusted for deductions to cover grants-in-aid, proceeds
form the disposition of capital assets and other non-recurring items including bond or note proceeds. The borrowing base formula for each fiscal year is the average total adjusted revenues
over the past three ( 3 ) years. Page 10-13
TABLE 10-F LINE ITEM CASH ASSETS OTHER ASSETS TOTAL FUND BALANCE REVENUES Interest Earnings Intergovernmental Revenues Member Deductions Total Revenues TOTAL AVAILABLE EXPENDITURES Annuities
Miscellaneous Total expenditures BALANCE GREENE TOWNSHIP PENSION TRUST FUND 1989 -1992 BUDGET YEAR 1989 1990 1991 1992 $ 995 $10,490 $11,065 $10,716 9,701 -0--0--0-10,696 10,490 11,065
10,716 483 263 232 169 11,394 14,006 15,491 16 , 098 16,859 15,955 13,123 13,151 28,736 30,224 28,846 32,296 39,432 40,714 39,911 43,012 28,936 25,427 29,195 27,190 6 -0--0-2,075 28,942
25,427 29,195 29,265 10,490 15 , 287 10,716 13 , 747 LINE ITEM Firemen's Relief Fund Cemetary Maintenance Fund TABLE 10-G BUDGET YEAR 1989 1990 1991 1992 $44,090 $46,682 $49,718 $49,389
194 201 2 12 2 19 GREENE TOWNSHIP AGENCY FUND TRANSACTIONS, 1989 -1992 (Total Disbursed and Remaining Fiduciary Funds) Page 10-14
TABLE 10-H LINE ITEM TOTAL ASSESSED VALUATION GROWTH RATE I 1 I FISCAL YEAR 1989 1990 1991 1992 $32,347,800 $34,701,390 $36,188,944 $36,226,000 n/a 7% 4% 0.1% I I I I I I YEAR 1987 1988
1989 GREENE TOWNSHIP TOTAL REAL ESTATE ASSESSED VALUATION 1989 -1992 (40% Rate of True Value) REVENUE BORROW I NG TOTAL GROWTH AD JUS TE D BORROWING ENHANCEMENT REVENUES RATE DEDUCTIONS
REVENUES BASE RATE --$ 882,855 --$ 203,513 $ 679,342 $ n/a $1,038,066 17% $ 227,270 $ 810,796 $ n/a $1,335,231 28% $ 214,510 $1,121,081 $ 870,406 ----1990 1991 1992 GREENE TOWNSHIP DEBT
STATEMENT, 1987 -1992 (Calculation of Borrowing Base) $1,458,317 9% $ 275,102 $1,183,215 $1,038,244 19% $1,478,362 1% $ 279,856 $1,198,506 $1,167,480 12% $1,524,311 3% $ 208,161 $1,316,150
$1,232,627 5% Source : Greene Township, Franklin County Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Annual Audit and Financial Report, 1989 -1992. The Local Government Unit Debt Act allows the nonelecctora
debt limit at 250 percent of the borrowing base. Therefore, Greene Township could borrow over $3 million at this time if the need arose for a general obligation or revenue bond, other
debt service or tax and revenue anticipation note. There is no limit established for an electoral debt. Furthermore, the borrowing enhancement rate has declined from 19 percent in 1990
to five (5) percent in 1992. Table 10-J presents a combined balance sheet for Greene Township from 1989 to 1992. This contains a concise statement of the financial resources and liabilities
at the end of each fiscal year, as combined from the Page 10-15
individual fund statements. It discloses the Township government's fiscal capacity at that date to generate revenues in order to meet operating expenditures and to plan capital expenditures.
The general fund has steadily increased from $1.65 millon to $2.46 million, or 49 percent over the past three ( 3 ) years. The other funds --special revenue, special assessment and fiduciary
funds --were only responsible for an average of 4.5 percent of total equity (the balance between debits and credits). There appears to be no problem with the Township government's ability
to generate enough revenues over the next several years. Table 10-K summarizes the range of revenues, expenditurres other financing sources and uses for the period of 1989 through 1992
with the results of each fiscal year's operations by fund type. The sum total of revenues and expenditures has diminished by 61 percent in 1989 -1990 and by 32 percent in 1990 -1991
and then returned to approximately the 1989 level of $360,000 in 1992. TABLE 10-J GREENE TOWNSHIP COMBINED BALANCE SHEET 1989 -1992 LINE ITEM source : Greene Township, Franklin County
commonwealth of Pennsylvania Annual Audit and Financial Report, 1989 -1992. Page 10-16
LINE ITEM GENERAL FUND TOTAL 1989 1990 199 1 $1,862,097 $2,245,592 $214581663 TOTAL ASSETS ALL FUND TYPES $ 1,180 $ 10,684 $ 11,266 $2,075,420 $2,313,780 $2,493,521 TOTAL ASSETS ~~ $1,689,444
$2,075,420 $2,313,727 TABLE 10-K GREENE TOWNSHIP COMBINED STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES BY FUND TYPE 1989 -1992 I FISCAL YEAR 1992 $2,809,885 1,269,028 917,806 351,222 Total
Revenues Total Expenditures Excess (Deficiency) 1,171,602 787,807 383,795 1,204,057 991,286 212 , 771 1,120 , 207 899,404 220,803 TOTAL ASSETS 1 $1,641,294 I $1,862,097 I $2,245,892
$2,458,663 $ 3,466 201,194 201,089 105 $ 3,361 SPECIAL REVENUE TOTAL $ 191,212 167,061 15 , 565 151,496 $ 38,689 189,555 342 , 078 ( 152,523) $ 191,212 $ 3,348 174,558 214,068 ( 39 ,
510) $ 42,858 Total Revenues Total Expenditures Excess (Deficiency) TOTAL ASSETS $ 39,716 1 SPECIAL ASSESSMENTS TOTAL I $ 11,427 1 $ 13,711 I $ 20,582 $ 25,372 Total Revenues Total Expenditures
Excess (Deficiency) 19,218 15,045 4,173 20 , 243 17 , 959 2,284 21,172 14,301 6,871 21,786 16 , 996 4,790 11 TOTAL ASSETS I $ 7,254 I $ 11,427 I $ 13,711 $ 20,582 I $ 10,684 1 $ 15,488
I $ 10,928 $ 13,966 81 , 692 78,654 3,038 FIDUCIARY FUNDS TOTAL Total Revenues Total Expenditures Excess (Deficiency) 82,538 73,034 9 , 504 76 , 917 72,113 4,804 78,575 78,913 ( 338)
$ 10,928 $2,852,689 11 EXCESS (DEFICIENCY) I 385,976 I 238,360 I 179,794 359,155 $2,493,534 Source : Greene Township, Franklin County Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Annual Audit and Financial
Report, 1989 -1992. All fund types except for a couple of categories in 1990 -1991, has exhibited a surplus of money. In effect, assets went from 22 percent in 1989 -1990 to 11 percent
in 1990 -1991 and to seven (7) percent in 1991 -1992. As a result, annual total assets growth increased by an average of 13 percent during this three-year period. Page 10-17
1 1 I 10.3 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Greene Township operates with a three-member governing Board of Supervisors. Other elected officials include three (3) auditors and the
tax collector. Appointed officials include the Township secretary-treasurer, zoning officer, roadmaster, sewage enforcement officer, emergency management coordinator, solicitor and engineer.
The Township secretary-treasurer, zoning officer, roadmaster, and the road crew are Township employees. All others are assigned to persons outside Township government by contract or
resolution. Other appointed officials are members of the Township Municipal Authority, Planning Commission and Zoning Hearing Board. The Supervisors are in charge of road maintenance,
fiscal management, land use and environmental regulations. Local taxes are the primary sources of revenues for Greene Township. They include the earned income tax and the realty transfer
tax for a majority of Township revenues. Other financing sources include equity interest from invested funds, liquid fuels highway aid funds, and miscellaneous funds. Special tax assessments
are levied by the Township government on property owners of developed or undeveloped land where street lights are provided. Additional revenue sources include municipal solid waste landfill
fees and State Recycling Program Development Grants. Cash assets have increased steadily, an average of 13 percent each year since 1989 and have created a budget surplus of approximately
$2.5 millon in 1993. They will continue to be invested. At the current rate of return on investment, these funds are projected to increase to approximately $3 millon by 1995 and $4.5
millon by 2000. In accordance with the Second Class Township Code, the Supervisors submit an adopted budget each year to the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs. The Supervisors
have been using only those revenues raised for the budget year to cover the expenditures for that year during the period of 1989 through 1993. This in effect has maintained the rise
in the Cash Equity Fund and has relinquished the need for a real estate tax. The Cash Equity Fund has grown approximately two ( 2 ) percent faster than the entire annual budget during
the past five ( 5 ) years. The regional inflation rate has declined approximately three (3) percent during this same period. The typical annual budget is broken down into governmental,
proprietary and fiduciary funds. Governmental funds include the General Fund, the Liquid Fuels Highway Aid Fund and the Street Light Special Assessment Fund. Proprietary funds include
Utility Enterprise and Internal Service Funds; none of these funds exist in Greene Township. Fiduciary funds include Pension Trust and agency funds such as the Firemens' Relief and Cemetery
Maintenance Funds. Page 10-18
I The General Fund is used to account for all Township financial revenues except those required to be placed in a dedicated fund. Revenues and other financing sources include taxes,
permits, fines, grants, service charges and miscellaneous revenues. Actual revenues for the years of 1989 to 1992 are increasing by four ( 4 ) percent per year. Actual expenditures are
relatively consistent with this revenue growth rate. Expenditures and other financing uses are relegated to Township program categories. The majority of these expenditures is found in
the public works (roads) account, while the general government and public safety accounts constitute the other major sectors. The other two (2) governmental funds --the Liquid Fuels
Highway Aid Fund and the Street Lighting Special Assessment Fund --have experienced nominal surpluses. The fiduciary funds involve the placement of revenues into annuities for those
Township officials and staff members in the Pension Trust Program and into transactions for the firemen and and cemeteries serving the Township. Taxable real estate assessed valuation
has fallen off during the past three ( 3 ) years from seven (7) percent growth in 1989 -1990 to 0.1 percent growth in 1991 -1992. There is no real estate tax in Greene Township at this
time. The slow growth in total assessed valuation does not affect the volume of taxes available for Township purposes. Obviously, the potential of additional tax revenues is quite apparent.
In addition, Greene Township does not carry any debt in bonds, notes or loans. Despite this fact, the Township is also capable of obtaining over $3 million in non-electoral debt. Therefore,
the Township fiscal capacity is very healthy. Page 10-19
CHAPTER 11 PLANNING CONSISTENCY WITH SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES
, CHAPTER 11 PLANNING CONSISTENCY WITH SURROUNDING MUNICIPALITIES 11.1 INTRODUCTION In consideration of development that may occur on the peripheral boundaries of Greene Township, a
review of surrounndin municipal plans and ordinances was conducted to determine compatibility of land uses and proposed development. This review defines the regional growth scheme indicating
the inter-relationship of surrounding municipalities as required in the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code (MPC). Greene Township is bordered by seven (7) municipalities which
include the following: 0 Southampton Township, Franklin County to the North; e Guilford Township, Franklin County to the South/0 Chambersburg Borough, Franklin County to the 0 Hamilton
Township, Franklin County to the Southeast; e Letterkenny Township, Franklin County to the West; e Franklin Township, Adams County to the East; and 0 Southeast; South/Southwest; Southampton
Township, Cumberland County to the northeast. In addition to these municipalities, the Letterkenny Army Depot is located on the Western/Central perimeter of Greene Township and is surrounded
by Letterkenny Township. A consistency evaluation of the areas adjacent to Greene Township and its surrounding municipalities has been completed to identify and inventory any land use
conflicts which currently exist or may occur in the future. All available County and Municipal Comprehensive Plans and Zoning Ordinances were utilized in this consistency evaluation,
the results follow in a sequence of each municipality involved. 11.2 CONSISTENCY EVALUATION 11.2.1 Southampton Township, Franklin County Southampton Township developed a comprehensive
plan in the early 1980's. This plan was completed in two (2) phases, Phase 1 in 1980 and Phase 2 in 1981. However, the Township has not adopted a zoning ordinance to date. The Township's
comprehensive plan promotes low-density residential and agricultural/woodland uses adjacent to Greene Township. These uses are compatible with the Greene Township comprehensive plan
which recommends Page 11-1
agricultural and low-density residential uses along its northern boundary. In addition, Greene Township has zoned this boundary area as AR (agriculture-residential), which is specifically
intended to limit development in this area to farmsteads and low-density residential uses on lots of 60,000 square feet or more. I 8 8 I I I I 1 I I I 11.2.2 Guilford Township 11.2.3
Guilford Township has not adopted a comprehensive plan or a zoning ordinance to date. However, the Township has adopted a revised subdivision ordinance in January 1993. This ordinance
defines minimum area lot requirements for residential land uses based on available public water and sewer, water only, sewer only, or with on-lot sewage systems. Presently, the Guilford
Township Supervisors are in the process of preparing a Comprehensive Plan and an Official Sewage Facilities Plan Update. Primarily, the existing land uses in the boundary area adjoining
Greene Township are reflective and analogous for each Township's land uses and consist of agriculttural residential, low and medium residential and highway commercial. The density allowed
in this area is compatible to the adjacent residential development patterns in Greene Township. Likewise, non-residential land uses along the growth corridor, between these two Townships,
are of the same nature and compatibility in requirements of municipal services. Given the compatible growth and land uses shared between these two (2) Townships, the projected development
will reflect contemporary trends. Boioush of Chambersburq The Borough of Chambersburg had adopted, in 1977, a comprehensive plan, a zoning ordinance in 1982 and a subdivision and land
development ordinance in 1978. In respect to the intent of the adopted comprehensive plan and Greene Township, land uses and projections generally are compatible. Intended uses are residential
and agriculttural Chambersburg Borough is undertaking a Comprehensive Plan Update and an Official Sewage Facilities Plan at this time . I I ' Page 11-2
11.2.4 Hamilton Township Hamilton Township adopted a revised comprehensive plan in April 1975. Contained within the planning document is a draft zoning map that, although not officially
adopted, reflects the intended projections of the future land use plan. Land uses concurrent along the Hamilton-Greene Township boundary are of a low density residential use. This is
a compatible land use to the projected use in Greene Township for low density residential. It is projected that the future use and density will remain consistent with current trends.
11.2.5 Letterkennv Township Letterkenny Township has adopted a subdivision and land development ordinance in October 1988. Additionally, an Official Sewage Facilities Plan was completed
in March 1971, and updated in November 1989. To date, the Township has not developed nor adopted any comprehensive plan or zoning ordinance. In coordinating regional development in regards
to the intent of Act 537, existing and proposed water and sewage systems with the Township are not within reasonable proximity to Greene Township for consideration for future land development.
Existing land use along the adjoining boundary is low density residential and agricultural. This is the intended use indicated in the Greene Township plan, thus uses are compatible.
Furthermore, the historical development of the area has been low density residential and agriculture and it is projected that these uses will be continued in future development. 11.2.6
Adams Countv Bordering Greene Township on the east is Franklin Township, Adams County. Presently, Michaux State Forest and Caledonia State Park occupy all land area running concurrent
to Greene Township. Likewise, these state lands occupy all land areas on the eastern boundary for Greene Township. The comprehensive plan for Adams County was revised in 1991 and indicates
these areas are projected to remain as conservation/preservation lands. This is compatible with the indicated use in the Greene Township plan. Furthermore, these areas remain under state
jurisdiction for conservation uses as forest and park lands. Page 11-3
11.2.7 Cumberland County Southampton Township, in Cumberland County, extends to its farthest southern point at the Greene Township line between Southampton Township, Franklin County
and Franklin Township, Adams County. This area includes the Appalachian Trail and Michaux State Forest, as well as access roads between SR 233 and SR 011. There is no Comprehensive Plan
and no Zoning Ordinance in Southampton Township. In 1991, the Township Supervisors adopted a Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance, which includes a policy of intermunicipal cooperation
and sound development practices based on accepted planning design and construction standards. 1 I I I I 1 I I 1 1 I I 1 1 I I I I I Page 11-4
I I I I U I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 I CHAPTER 12 STATEMENT OF GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I CHAPTER 12 STATEMENT OF GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 12.1 GENERAL GOALS The Comprehensive Plan requires a Statement of Goals and Objectives whereby the
Greene Township Board of Supervisors, at the advisement of the Township Planning Commission, make findings and conclusions with respect to land use, population density, location and
function of roads, other community facilities and utilities, together with any other factors that impact the future growth and development of the Township. This statement becomes the
basis of recommendations made in the Comprehensive Plan Update regarding subdivision control, official mapping, zoning, capital improvements programming, grant-in-aid applications, other
municipal actions affecting land development, energy conservation, public lands and improvements, other activities or entities regulated by Act 247, as amended (Pennsylvania Municipalities
Planning Code) and Township policies or ordinances. In furtherance of the Comprehensive Plan Update, the following list of goals forms the framework for the constituent plan elements,
policy statements, and proposals found herein: 1. 2, 3. 4. 5, 6. To maintain the rural character and quality of the Township ; To guide land development and the location of public improvements
in order to meet the needs of the Township residents and to promote the preservation of the natural environment, specifically the streams, creeks, floodplaains wetlands, major aquifers,
farmlands, hillsides, forests, historical areas, and other ecologicallysenssitiv areas; To encourage the conservation of natural systems, environmental resources, rural appearance and
the other amenities which presently characterize the Township; To maintain and contribute to a balanced variety of land uses; To insure that Township development does not conflict with
neighboring communities, and to coordinate regional services and facilities; To safeguard the local tax base, protect economic balance, and provide for a continuing source of employment
and public revenue through appropriate Page 12-1
utilization of existing and potential non-residential lands; 7. To establish an appropriate range of housing types to meet the need of the existing and potential resident populations;
and 8 . To promote future development within reasonable and manageable time periods in relation to the availability of appropriate roads, utilities, community facilities and other infrastructure.
It is assumed that growth in Greene Township will continue during the 20-year planning period to 2014. Residential development is expected in a range of densities. Additional commercial
and industrial development is expected, too. Further growth will require public utilities, municipal services, improved circulation, community facilities and the correction of existing
problems such as storm drainage and flooding in certain areas. Faced with continuing development pressures, the following planning principles are stated to guide the overall development
of Greene Township. Balanced land use planning for the Township should be concerned with the critical protection and proper utilization of the natural features of the Township; and,
it should be coordinated at the residential neighborhood and historic village levels, and at the intermuniicipa and regional levels when there are potential impacts on the community
or Franklin County. General standards for development in Greene Township are as follows : 1. Greene Township is located at the outer fringe of relativvel highly developed areas like
Hagerstown, Maryland; Harrisburg or York, Pennsylvania. It is in the transitional area between urbanized areas to the east and south, and rural areas to the west and north. Current densities
of development reflect Greene Township's middle position between these areas. For reasons of regional location and access, it is appropriate to maintain a moderate level of development
in the Township. 2. Greene Township should provide the f u l l spectrum of housing appropriate to its location and the needs of its residents, without improperly overloading the community
infrastructure of roads, schools, public utilities and community facilities. Multi-family housing should be located on a major road adequate to accommodate increased traffic. Contiguous
multi-family housing development should be limited in total size and scope in Page 12-2
U I I I I I 1 I I D I I I I I I D I I order to reduce accumulative localized impacts and to blend such development into the existing development character of the Township sector involved.
Transitional densities or buffer areas should be required to minimize adverse development impacts, A mixture of residential types should be provided on major development tracts in order
to retain the existing character of the Township and individual sectors. Residential densities should be lowered where natural constraints create serious development hazards. 3. Regional
and general commercial development should be provided where it is feasible, and does not adversely affect existing or planned land uses and traffic circulattio in the Township. Convenience
shopping should be located within 3 to 5 minutes travel time (or 2 miles) of residentialneighborhoods, wherever feasible. Industrial development should be located where it does not adversely
affect residential areas or cause damage to the natural environment. 4. Consideration should be given to limited development and conservation measures to protect and preserve prime agricultural
land, especially active farms in designated security areas and conservation easements (less than full acquisition). It is also important to restrict or prohibit development in critical
areas subject to environmental constraints. 12.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 12.2.1 Future Land Use The Future Land Use Plan takes into account all the other components of the Comprehensive
Plan and existing conditions in the Township, including natural resources, development patterns, transportation network, and demographic characteristics. The following objectives are
proposed for consideration. Residential: 1. To preserve and maintain the integrity of existing residential areas by supporting a development intensity and population density appropriate
to the regional location of the Township, the natural constraints of the land area and the availability and capacity of public facilities and utility services. 2. To relate multi-family
housing development to major roads, commercial services, and public facilities. Page 12-3
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. To prevent the incursion of incompatible, nonresiddentia land uses into established residential neighborhoods and agricultural areas. To assure the compatibility of adjacent
land uses and coordination of land development plans. To designate areas for higher density residential and mixed use development, and provide for site plan review to evaluate design
techniques in order to retain the sense of the predominantly rural, scenic quality of the Township. To require ample setbacks from public roads, retention of existing vegetation and
landscape screening where no transitional use is feasible. To correct blight and substandard conditions in order to contribute to the well-being of the Township. Commercial: 1. To encourage
regional store and office development in relation to major highway. 2. To permit neighborhood business uses near major residential areas. Industrial: 1. To encourage future industrial
development by reserving land suitable for industrial use in relation to flat topography, good good drainage, access to major roads and highways, and access to rail and/or airport. 2.
To permit a broad range of industrial lot sizes in large, vacant industrial areas. Aqricultural: 1. To assist farmers for the preservation of agriculttura security areas and conservation
easements. 2. To maintain land use and development regulations that assure the continuance of agriculture. Page 12-4
12.2.2 12.2.3 Housinq The Housing Plan includes residential development standards, proposals for the construction of new housing and proposals for improvement of existing housing. Population
and employment projections determine the amount and type of additional housing to be provided in the Township. The Future Land Use Plan designates various areas with densities of less
than one (1) dwelling unit per acre to as much as sixteen (16) dwelling units per acre. These areas are divided to support single family, two family and multi-family housing to include
townhouses, garden apartments, conversion apartments, mobilehome parks and planned residential development. The Housing Plan further proposes site development controls to guide proper
housing design and construction and to maintain the relatively high standards of residential land use in the Township. The following objectives are offered: 1. To provide a variety of
housing densities and types by permitting development of a range appropriate to local needs and the life cycle of Township resideent and by designating land areas appropriate to the
characteristics of each residential land use. 2. To maintain the quality of existing housing by providing quality municipal services to residential areas and by encouraging sound housing
stock. Transportation The Transportation Plan reviews all modes of transportatiion in particular all roads and highways, and establishes policy statements for their development. A diversity
of transportation facilities will be needed in the future for the safe and efficient movement of people and goods, at the same compatible with the land uses and natural environment of
Greene Township. Nonetheless, the emphasis is on Township roads, as follows: 1. To improve the efficiency of the Township road network by improving local circulation, instituting a continuing
and coordinated Capital Improvements Program for road improvements for new construction, realignment, rehabilitation and major repair and maintenance. 2. To review roadside quality with
respect to signs, landscaping, slope,
drainage, and views. Page 12-5
3. To encourage the development of bicycle paths, walkways, and other off-road provisions for circulation and parking. Transportation on driveway access controls. 4. To coordinate with
the Pennsylvania Department of 5. To address critical road intersections identified as problem areas. 6. To facilitate the movement of through-traffic on major roads and highways so
that they are not disruptive to local streets and roads. 7. To accommodate the various types and intensity of traffic generated by the proposed pattern of land use. 12.2.4 Community
Facilities The Community Facilities Plan shows the location of facilities, and proposes any expansion, new construction or modification to them. To facilitate the provision of adequate
facilities for the prospective Township population, the following objectives are presented. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. To promote an adequate level of educational services, with schools well-located
in respect to population, accessibility and with due considerattio to site amenities, needed facilities and adjacent land uses by providing information to the Chambersburg Area School
District regarding population growth and facility needs. To provide adequate police, fire and emergency services for Township-residents and businesses by encouraging coordination of
services and by continuing to review land development plans to determine adequacy of water supply, vehicle/equipment access and area coverage. To provide facilities necessary for the
efficient operation of municipal administration, public works and related operations. To preserve historic, archaeological and cultural sites for the Township heritage. To network public
park and recreation areas and permanently preserved open space of appropriate type and location to support a full range of active and passive recreation activities, of sufficient size
and quality, and located within walking or bicycling distance to serve residential and public land uses. Page 12-6
6. 7. 8 . To protect valuable conservation areas by easement or prescription for limited recreation use and no or minimal development. To require future higher density development to
provide usable open space and recreation area for its residents, and to guarantee proper development and continuing maintenance of on-site recreation facilities. To develop and adopt
specific criteria for any park and recreation development with regard to prohibittin excessive noise and internal traffic, establishing parking and lighting standards, and other site
development considerations. 12.2.5 Utility Services The Utility Service Plan has been prepared following a review of existing facilities, present use levels, existing problems and projected
future needs. Utilities have been mapped as to the location and extent of services. In response to the current capacity and committed plans for each utility, the following policy statements
are applicable: 1. 2. 3. To monitor potable water supply and encourage new major development either to connect to the public water system or to evaluate service by a central water system
prior to a determination to use the groundwater supply. To provide adequate sanitary sewer service by limiting public sewerage facilities to densely populated areas, and not expanding
into sparsely populated areas or where feasible due to natural constraints. To regulate storm drainage effectively and alleviate flood damage in down-stream and floodprron areas by preserving
natural stream corridors, con-trolling further development in flood hazards areas, encouraging coordinated basin-wide drainage improvements, and maintaining a central depository of natural
resource information for development design. 12.2.6 Resource Conservation The Resource Conservation Plan is based on the natural resource limitations to development. The following objectives
provide for the preservation and proper utilization of the natural resources present in Greene Township. Recommendations of plan implementation are Page 12-7
I 1 I I 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I 12.3 important to the success of this update. Therefore, it is recommended that the Township investigate and utilize available means of critical
area preservation, such as outright acquisition, easements, covenants, and other protection devices. It is proposed that: 1. The Zoning Ordinance establish maximum density limitations
in environmentally sensitive areas to include prime agricultural land and areas subject to natural constraints. 2. The Township should initiate an Environmental Conservation Program
to assure the long-term reclamation of quarried areas, adequate stormwater management and responsible landscape management, as well as sound and attractive property maintenance, and
historic preservation. 3. To protect natural vegetative cover from land disturbance, and enhance fish and wildlife habitats. LOCATION CRITERIA There are certain factors involved in a
more detailed formulattio of planning principles relating to the location of land uses. They are suggested below according to land use categories. These factors illustrate areas of special
consideraatio in order to determine guidelines for the location of various functional use areas within the framework of the Comprehensive Plan Update. 12.3.1 Residential Neishborhoods
1. Varying topography, offering choice from level, rolling and hillside sites depending upon slope characteristics, but avoiding steep or irregular sites and low or poorly drained areas;
slope usually fifteen (15) percent or less. 2. Near major roads with direct connections to work, shopping and leisure areas; bounded but not penetrated by major roads; and internally
served by a system of collector routes and local access streets fitted to the terrain with due consideration to storm drainage, sun and wind orientation, and views. 3. Suitability for
integrated design of residential areas and related shopping, school, church and recreation facilities, especially community facilities serving the neighborhood scale. Page 12-8
1 1 1 I 1 1 I I 1 I 1 1 I I a. Local Shoppinq -Sites adequate for shops, off-street parking and loading, and landscaping; convenient to specific local trade areas and accessible for
receiving goods: (1) Neighborhood store group within convenient walking district of families served in a developed area or village, to include a short driving range for low density developmennts
with due consideration for pedestrian access and amenities for surrounding areas; (2) Community store group on a major radial road, usually at an intersection, situated toward the developed
edge of a tributary trade area and located with due consideration for integrated design of a center and amenities for adjoining areas. b. Schools -Reasonably level sites, within a convenient
driving range; sites adequate for buildings, recreation facilities, drives, walkways, parking lot and landscaping, and located with due consideration for safety of children and amenities
for surrounding areas. c. Churches -Reasonably level sites, adequate for buildings, parking and landscaping and convenient to membership; also accessibility to major roads, streets and
walkways is deemed important. d. Parks and Playsrounds -(1) Reasonably level sites for playgrounds and recreation centers, usually in conjunction with schools, within easy walking distance
of age groups served or at least within a convenient driving range in low-density development areas; and, adequate for appropriate active recreation facilities and perimeter planting
strips. (2) Parks on variable terrain including watercourse and floodplains, integrated with active and passive recreation areas and the open spaces throughout the developed areas according
to the opportunities offered by available land forms . 4. Range of choice in residential densities, with high densities in close proximity to permanent open spaces and nearest to the
road system and community store groups, with the low densities in the intervals between the roads, lacking centralized utilities and away from public facilities. I I Page Page 12-9
12.3.2 12.3.3 Public Service Facilities Suitable locations, adequate in size for the following uses, as determined by special studies: government centers; cemeteries; water works; sewage
disposal and treatment plants; solid waste management facilities; electric power stations; communication service facilities; aircraft facilities; military installations; truck terminals;
and so on. Reqional Business Areas 1. Adjacent to relatively high traffic flows, central to tributary trade areas, as follows: a. Central Business District -Location close to peak flow
of traffic and pedestrians where retail, professional, financial and related services can be conveniently accommodated and made easily accessible to adequate parking and circulation
for customers and employees. b. Reqional Business Centers -(1) Regional shopping center location contiguous to two major arterial roads tributary to trade area (over 50,000 families);
site adequate to accommodate peak parking needs and a complete line of store types, eating and entertainment facilities, branch banks and business services sufficient to fill hours of
a shopper's time, with at least 30 to 150 acres of land; and, (2) Satellite centers (office complex, automobbil sales and service, etc. ) -locations at intersection of radial and circumferential
arterial and major collector roads, with adequate parking and service areas. c. Hiqhwav Service Centers -Locations in outlyyin areas on major highway approaches to develop areas where
sites are adequate for integrated design of drive-in services and convenience accommodations where proper consideration is given to highway safety, roadside beauty and general amenity
of adjoining uses. 2. Suitability for development as one center internally arranged or, where appropriate, in an integrated series of sub-centers, with considerattio for ample open space,
safe approaches, and general amenity within this area in relation to bordering use areas. Page 12-10
I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I 1 I 12.3.4 Reqional Recreation, Education and Cultural Facilities 1. Reasonably level land for buildings, accessory structures and active recreation
areas, with perhaps not more than five (5) percent slope, capable of being graded without undue expense; for relatively large open spaces, land with a variety of natural features and
no limitations as to slope and drainage characteristics, often includes land not practical for urban use development. a. Major Parks, Wildlife Preserves and Golf Courses: -Sites with
sizeable acreage in fringe and outlying areas, ranging from gently rolling terrain for golf courses to topography with variable features for parks and preserves. b. Institutions -Fringe
locations on level to gently rolling terrain in areas protected from traffic and incompatible uses; site adequate to accommodate buildings, parking, outdoor uses and attendant grounds,
with due consideraatio to approaches and amenities of surrounding properties. c. Cultural Facilities, Spectator Sports and Orqanization Lodqes -Level sites in fairly central locations,
outside of high-value areas, adequate to accommodate buildings, parking and landscaping, with due considerattio to approaches and amenities of surrounding properties. 2. Suitability
of unusual land forms and natural drainage areas for incorporation into an integrated open space system, serving as natural breaks between functional use areas and providing links between
recreation areas, and large public and institutional open areas. 3. Direct access to major roads with convenient connections to residential concentrations. 12.3.5 Industrial Areas 1.
Reasonably level land, preferably with no more than five ( 5 ) percent slope, capable of being graded without undue expense. 2. Range of choice with close-in, fringe and dispersed locations;
site sizes depend on the following: Page 12-11
I i i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. a. b. Extensive use requires a large open site for modern one-story buildings, accessory storage, loading and parking areas, usually
five (5) acres as a minimum, contingent upon the size of the market area and the economic outlook for industrial development of such a magnitude for varied lines of activity; fringe
and dispersed locations. Intensive use requires site sizes usually under five (5) acres for either one-story or multi-story operations, with accessory storage, parking and loading areas,
close-in and fringe locations. Direct access to trucking routes and major road system for incoming goods and outgoing products; frontage on a commercial thoroughfare or in wellserrve
commercial centers is essential; access to rail and/or airport is also beneficial. Within convenient commuting time of residential neighborhoods of labor force, and accessible to major
roads directly connected with residential areas. Availability of public or central utilities at or near near the site. Compatibility with surrounding uses, considering prevailing winds,
protective green belts, and other amenities both within the industrial area and in relation to adjoining land uses. Suitability for development of integrated parks or centers, with consideration
for amenities. 12.4 AREA REQUIREMENTS In shifting the focus from the derivation of location factors to the estimate of space needs for each land use category, it is important to seek
a basis for scaling the land area needed to accommodate growth in the Township that is most suitable for development expected in at least the next twenty (20) years. In particular, having
determined in principle where each category of land use should be located in the future, there must be an estimate for how much land will be required for each such use. Once these estimates
are available, it is then possible to develop alternatives for the Comprehensive Plan Update, initially testing various locations for adequate land relative to each use category, and
eventually arriving at a plan reflecting the best possible balance in land utilization that is commensurate with the generalized level of analysis in the background studies. Page 12-12
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I While techniques for estimating area requirements vary accordiin to the class of land use, there is a common methodological pattern to the analysis
of all classes. This operation can be summarized as consisting of three major steps. The first involves a recapitulation of the existing characteristics of development for the particular
land use category being studied. Thus, the present distribution of land uses among the various locations would be examined, and variations in the density of use in each part of the Township
would be determinned Next, area requirements are calculated. This involves derivation of space standards to the representative growth index previously developed. The measure of growth
is generally taken for employment, population, or some other forecast. The estimate of land area requirements is obtained by applying the appropriate standard to this growth increment.
Finally, land area requirements are balanced against the supply of land, which is neither already developed, nor committte to development, nor restricted for development. Therefore,
land remaining to meet the demand of estimated area requirements for each use category, is considered vacant or convertible to development. This land is allocated according to each use
category: residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural. At least 3,700 acres are required to meet the needs of the urban land uses for the next twenty (20) years. There are over
12,000 acres available for development, but approximately 5,700 acres are prime sites with few or no environmental constraints and a full range of public utilities and community services.
‘I Page 12-13
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I -CHAPTER 13 POLICY PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS
CHAPTER 13 1 I I I I 1 I I POLICY PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS 13.1 Future Land Use This plan attempts to organize future residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural and related land activities
in an efficient, compatible and harmonious pattern. The plan recognizes and attempts to protect not only existing land use, but also emerging development possibilities. Various influennce
dominate this task of organizing future land uses: existing land use; development barriers and pressures; existing and proposed transportation; community facilities; and public utilities;
contemporary land development trends; and community goals and objectives. Also, this plan provides the basis for the Zoning Ordinance, Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance, other
codes and ordinances. The highest potential for accommodating new development is found in and around the existing villages of Fayetteville, Greenvillage and Scotland. The direction of
growth in the Township is northerly nearest 1-81, S.R. 997 and Route 11. Pursuant to the current land use pattern and preferred development areas, the Future Land Use Plan is illustrated
on Map 13-1 and summarized in Table 13-A. TABLE 13-A FUTURE LAND USE PLANNED AREAS The proposed agricultural areas include the land of Michaux State Forest and Caledonia State Park (sum
of 5,533.4 acres). These areas extend beyond the presently designated agricultural security areas by approximately 2 . 5 times. These areas in actuality constitute 12,394.4 acres. Page
13-1
In addition, the sum total area for the Township does not incorporate Letterkenny Army Depot (estimated at 2,969.7 acres) but it does embrace rights-of-way for transportation and utility
services throughout the Township. The proposed residential areas include public and quasi-public land uses. These areas account for over three (3) times the demand to accommodate both
existing and projected new development. The proposed commercial areas provide approximately two (2) times the land needed for both community neighborhood and regional highway businesses.
They are consistent with the existing and projected new residential development and related community development, The proposed industrial areas account for approximately 1.5 times the
estimated demand for now through the year 2014. They do exclude Letterkenny Army Depot. 13.1.1 Residential Specific guidelines are set for residential land uses as follows: Non-compatible
land uses in strictly residential areas should be eliminated by attrition or adequately buffered and separated from residential areas. Residential uses should be screened and spaced
away from roads carrying non-residential traffic. Residential density concentrations should be based upon adequate consideration of ecologically sensitive constraints, community facilities,
public utilities and transportation. Balance of various types of housing to accommodate the diverse population. Rehabilitation or replacement of deteriorated housing. Maintenance of
the floodplains, agricultural areas and airport hazard protection zones. Filling-in of the existing villages and extension of new development in relationship to these village areas and
other residential neighborhoods. Three (3) levels of residential densities are proposed. They are based on the consideration of existing land use, environmental constraints, community
facilities, utility services and transportation support. They also reflect present zoning which allows a very low density of 0.7 Page 13-2
1 I I I I /I /I 1 dwelling unit per acre (AR), low density of 1 -3 dwelling units per acre (R-1) and medium density of 1 -4 dwelling units per acre with variations extending to 8 -16
dwelling units per acre (R-2). The agricultural areas to the north and the east are slated to the very low density residential districts. The residential areas adjacent to the existing
villages and commercial areas are slated for medium density residential districts. These areas do not bear environmental constraints, and are completely serviced by public water and
sewer systems. The residential areas to the west and the south, away from the major roads and highways, are slated for low density residential districts. Residential uses should be balanced
between single family and multi-family units. Provisions for rental housing should also be included. Development should be encouragge through zoning provisions to occur on a neighborhood
basis, so public facility and road requirements can be satisfied in a timely and least costly manner. These requirements depend on several factors: provision of adequate water and sewer
utilities, schools adequate to handle increased student enrollment, parks and recreation facilities to meet additional population demand, and housing needs in accordance with job market
supplies. 13.1.2 Commercial Two (2) types of commercial land uses are proposed: Community neighborhood businesses in and around existing villages, and highway regional businesses along
the major roads and expressway interchange. The community neighborhood businesses should not conflict with or change the character of the existing villages. They should be oriented to
pedestrian and local traffic and are reflected by zoning CC districts. Highway regional businesses, on the other hand, should be set up in such a way so as to avoid a proliferation of
uses in desirable places. Therefore, the west end of Route 30 adjacent to Guilford Township, the Scotland interchange at 1-81 and S.R. 997 and the center segment of Route 11 up to and
including including Greenvillage at the intersection of S.R. 997 are satisfactory for highway regional businesses. Currently, these areas are consistently zoned HC districts. The following
guidelines are established for commercial uses: e A variety of commercial uses should be planned to meet varying needs. e Commercial uses should not conflict with residential and agricultural
uses. Page 13-3
I 1 I I I I I i 1 I I I I I I I I I I 0 Commercial uses should not be scattered, but located in consolidated places so that transportation to these areas can be controlled properly .
13.1.3 Industrial Areas suitable for industrial uses are found between Route 11 and Letterkenny Army Depot, and adjacent to the Charnbersburg Municipal Airport. Preservation of land
for industrial development is essential to the long-term economic soundness of the Township. These areas are suitable for such development in terms of access to major highways, separation
from conflicting residential areas, proximity to compatible land uses and employment centers, level topography and adequate drainage. These areas are zoned I, and complements the regional
economic development pattern. The following guidelines are established for industrial uses: 0 Major roads, airport and railroad should be directly available to sites. 0 Public water,
sewer, telecommunications, gas and electric utilities should be readily available. 0 Large amounts amounts of land with good depth should be available for future expansion. 0 Consideration
should be given to ecologically sensitive constraints and compatible land uses when locating and designing industrial sites. 13.2 HOUSING Future housing development in the Township is
to be broadened to include a wide range of housing types. The distribution of housing types is to be guided by the identified needs of current and future Township residents. This provision
is in accord with adjacent municipalities to stimulate production of a variety of housing types and densities. The Township Zoning Ordinance permits single family, two family and multi-family
units. It designates locations in accordance with the Future Land Use Plan, and includes development standards for specific housing types. It also provides for suitable mixes and densities.
In addition, it is recommended that the Township review the feasibility and appropriateness of private development incentives, subsidies and public or non-profit organization sponsorship
to encourage housing for all income groups. Page 13-4
13.3 FUTURE TRANSPORTATION Transportation facilities serve the various land uses. plan embodies certain guidelines as follows: e Local traffic should be separated from through-traffic.
e Provision for better access to various land uses and This overall traffic movement. e Safety and efficiency should be a function of design. 0 Various forms of transportation should
be encouraged, includingwalking, bicycling, horseback-riding, rail, air and bus . 0 Adequate linkages and separation between modes of e All roads should be carefully designed to handle
transportation should be made. necessary traffic volumes. All roads in Greene Township have been classified according to their function. There are proposed road projects to complement
this existing road system in the future. They are as follows: 1. Intersection improvements: a. b. C. d. e. f. g* h. Route 30 and S.R. 997 including Bronson Road; Route 30 and Fayetteville
Main Street; S.R. 997 at Mt. Pleasant Road and White Church Road; 1-81 interchange at S.R. 997 including Old Scotland Road and Scotland Main Street; S.R. 997 at Scotland Main Street
and Mickey Inn Road; Route 11 and Pine Stump Road; Route 11 and Salem Road including Cornertown Road; and Route 11 and Siloam Road. 2. Bridge replacement on S.R. 997 over 1-81. 3. Guiderail
and signs installation along 1-81. 4. Corridor safety improvements on Route 30 and S.R. 997. Page 13-5
13.4 All future transportation recommendations and capital improvements should be coordinated with the Future Land Use Plan and projected traffic impacts. COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND UTILITY
SERVICES Community facilities are based on an inventory and analysis of the Township's existing services and projected population. It is determined where facilities are adequate, or
need upgrading. Facilities should be convenient to Township residents, and should provide a full range of services to the entire population composed of varied socio-economic backgrouunds
Police, fire, schools, parks and other municipal facilities should be near existing and proposed residential development concentrations. Community facilities are deemed adequate to serve
the future population, in light of proposed facility plans for recreation, fire protection, other municipal services. Public utilities include the provision of water supply, sewage treatment
and disposal, transmission lines for electric, phone, gas and cable. Sanitary sewer contains adequate capacity, and water supply is being upgraded in the area of primary growth, S.R.
997 Black Gap Road. Greater cooperation should be sought with the utility companies and municipal authorities. The land area devoted to utility lines should be reduced, wherever feasible.
Greater use of rights-of-way should be considered where safety can still be maintained. These rights-of way should have minimal impact on ecologically sensitive constraints. Public utilities
should share comon corridors, wherever possible. Lastly, public water and sewer line extensions should not be brought through or near areas where development potential should remain
low, for example, farmlands and orchards. The lack of control of the density of public water is a concern. The restrictions of the Guilford Water Authority as they affect future Township
development should be reviewed. Alternative sources of water supply may need to be secured. The Township public works garage and municipal building complex should be expanded and renovated.
This should be investigated to meet the present and future local government operations and support functions. 13.5 RESOURCE CONSERVATION This plan is based primarily upon the findings
and conclusions of the natural features analysis. Environmental features in all parts of the Township are to be protected by review of development impact. Preservation of floodplains
already occur through the Township Zoning Ordinance. Other environmentally sensitive areas such as steep slopes, wetlands, karst topography and unsuitable terrain are to be avoided where
possible. Above all else, prime agricultural lands are to be Page 13-6
I 1 I I I I ' I I I I I protected by security areas and conservation easements, as well as very low density development limitations. In addition, community facilities and utility services
should be minimized to reduce the potential for future development. It is essential that future growth and land development be managed and planned to respect the ecological balance of
the physical environment and to complement the agricultural base for the economic development of the Township. Concurrently, land development activities must be compatible with and integrated
into the physical environment to protect the necessary functions of the
natural resource systems in the Township. Various presentation techniques should be utilized to protect the proposed agricultural areas for at least an extended period of time. The
following actions can be taken: Put limitations on land subdivision so that resultant parcels will not be smaller than appropriate for continuation of the existing agricultural land
base. Eliminate land use activities that are incompatible with the continuation of viable farming operations which include provisions limiting new land development to dwellings for the
farm family, immediate relatives and farm-related businesses. Encourage farmland owners to dedicate conservation easements to nature conservancies, Franklin County and the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania. Protect environmentally sensitive lands for open space purposes within and adjacent to the proposed agricultural areas. Require developers of farmland tracts in or adjacent
to the proposed agricultural areas to provide buffer zones between the new residential development and the remaining farm operations. Page 13-7