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Home My WebLink AboutWaynesboro by Benjamin Matthias Neadn NYPL RESEARCH LIBRARIES 1 ^ i : \ \\, HISTORY OF WAYNESBORO. c:^^V^^^^^I>.^ (Est quobbam pro&tre tetins,si iton batiir ultra.—Borace WAYNESBORO The History of a Settlement in ttie County for- merly called Cumberland but later Franklin,in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,in its be- ginnings;through its growth into a Village and Borough,to its Centennial Period and to the Close of the Present Century:Including a Rela- tion of Pertinent Topics of General State and County History. By BENJAMIN MATTHIAS NEAD Published under the Auspices of the Waynesboro Centennial Association. »>>> t >>I t i' HARRISBURG,PA.; HARRISBURG PUBLISHING COMPANY MCM THE NEW YORK PUBLI''LIBRARY 251253 '-LENOX AND jUI.'OATIONS. Copyright,1900, By BENJAMIN M.NEAD. ft ••r e •t • *t t. ••• FOREWORD. HE following pages are the outgrowth of a com-forewoud. i mendable purpose on the part of the Association ^I of gentlemen who arranged for and so successfully carried out the centennial celebration of Waynesboro in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven,the one hundredth anniversary of the actual laying out of the town.It was thought to thus preserve in permanent form a record of the proceedings on the centennial occasion,and,also,to include such items of interest from an historical point of view,relating to the early settlement of that section of the country and of the town,which might be gathered by a reasonable amount of diligence and presented with some regard to method. The plan adopted is somewhat of a departure from the usual methods.It has not included,as will be readily seen,the presentation of biographical sketches of individ- uals,or genealogical records of families,but has aimed to embrace within its scope simply the plain narrative of events,or in other words,"the essence of innumerable biographies,"with only such actual mention of individuals and families as proved to be pertinent in a general way. He who received the invitation of the Association to do this work,here desires to make certain acknowledg- ments :to manifest his appreciation of the honor con- ferred,by the Association's appointment to this work, upon him,who,while not a native of Waynesboro,was born within six miles of the town;to return thanks to every member of the Association for their untirino-efforts to furnish him with information and material for the work,and,through the Association,to all who have as- 2 WAYNESBORO. KoHEwoRD.sisted tliem,or him,in any re^'ard.and to express the hope that what is herein presented,being but the harvest of a desultory planting,under difficulties,in hitherto unbroken soil,may,at least,be sufficiently fruitful of interest to encourage others to more widely cultivate the field in the future. Ha rrish u rg,Pciinsyhania , July,the Fourth,igoo. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. HE THAT WILL HAVE A CAKE OUT OF THE WHEAT MUST NEEDS TARRY THE GRIXDIXG. How Trutli Comes to us.Importance of Local History.Re- ligious Persecution-a Factor.A Home for Hunted Sects. What Penn Found.Unneighborly Conduct.The problem of Settlement.A Fruitful Harvest,TT-ig CHAPTER I. LAND TITLES. ORIGIN AND NATURE OE PENNSYLVANIA TENURES. The "New Albion Claim."Penn Proprietary Grants and Titles. Indian Purchases.Conflict of Titles.Boundary Disputes.In- dividual Grants,21-48 CHAPTER II. COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. ORGANIZATION,DIVISION AND SUBDIVISION. The Three Original Counties.The Division of Chester Coun- t}'.Formation of Cumberland and Franklin Counties.State of Public Feeling.Original Townships.Formation of Wash- ington Township,••49-66 CHAPTER III. EARLY SETTLERS. NATIONALITY AND CHARACTERISTICS.IMPELLING C.\USES OF SETTLEMENT. First Taxables.Early Rates and Levies.An Irrepressible Conflict.Anglican Idea of Liberty.Characteristics of the Scotch-Irish.Characteristics of the Germans.An Amalga- mated Stock,67-74 4 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER IV. THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN. WAYNESBORO .AS A SETTLEMENT,VILL.AGE .AND INCORPOR.ATED BOROUGH. Wallacetown and Waynesboro (The Village),1797-1818.The Proposed Incorporation of "Waynesburg"(Transition Period), 1818-1831.The Borough of "Waynesboro"(Formative Period), 1831-1870.Looking Cityward (The "Golden Age"),1870-1900.75-99 CHAPTER V. LOOKING BACKWARD. REMINISCENSES -AND RECOLLECTIONS OF THE P.AST. A Picture of the Valley.Nicholass's Gap.The First Wallace Settlement.The Old Wallace Homestead.Narrative of "Ye Ancient Inhabitant."A Stroll Through the Old Town. "Peak's Museum."The"Poor House."'The Character of the Shops.Militar}'Organizations.Life in the Early Days.Law- less Characters.A Capture.Artificers of the Revolution. A Pleasing Tradition.100-118 CHAPTER VI. PHYSICAL BE.\UTIES. MOUNT.AIN,FOREST AND STREAM. The South Mountain.Its Natural Beauties.Its History and Legend.Antietam Creek.Its Associated Memories.Owen Brown and Captain Cook.Waynesboro Caves,IT9-133 CHAPTER VII. REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENSHIP. MEN AND AFFAIRS IN CIVIL LIFE. Civil Officers.The Professions.Corporate Business Enter- prises.Banks.Civic Societies.Fire Companies.Railroads.134-155 CHAPTER VIII. IN WAR TIMES—PART I. WHEN OUR FOREFATHERS FOUGHT FOR HOME AND COUNTRY. Indian Outrages and Settlers'Defense.The Revolutionary War.The Uprising against Excise.The War of 1812-14. The Mexican War.Local Relations,156-185 CONTENTS.5 CHAPTER IX. IN WAR TIMES—PART II. WHEN THE UNION WAS PRESERVED:OPENING D.\YS. BEFORE AND AFTER ANTIETAM. The Call to Arms.Excitement in Waynesboro.Volunteering in the Town.Pole Raising and Flag Flying.Prisoners of War.Woman's Aid Society.The Situation on the Border. Gathering News.Tlie Story of Stuart's Raid into Pennsyl- vania,186-216 CHAPTER X. I IN WAR TIMES—PART III. w;hen the UNION WAS preserved:pennsylvani.Vs SCOURGING.HER BAPTISM OF FIRE. THE WAR WITH SPAIN. Lee's Invasion of Pennsylvania.Before and after Gettysburg. The Advance of Early.Lee's Retreat.Military Situation in Waynesboro.McCausland's Raid and the Destruction of Chambersburg.Representatives in the War with Spain.217-262 CHAPTER XL EARLY EDUCATION AND SCHOOLS. CHARACTER AND EXTENT OF OPERATIONS. CONDITIONS,PAST AND PRESENT. Church Schools.Neighborhood Schools.Private Schools. Common Schools.School-houses.School-teachers.School- Loan.Present School Statistics,263-271 CHAPTER XH. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. HISTORY OF CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS. German Baptist,or Dunkard.Presbyterian.Lutheran.Ger- man Reformed.Methodist Episcopal.United Brethren in Christ.Reformed Mennonite.St.Stephen's Episcopal Mis- sion.St.Andrew's Roman Catholic.African Methodist Episcopal.Snow Hill Society.Mormons,272-303 6 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XIII. NEWSPAPERS. PURVEYORS OF NEWS FOR HALF A CENTURY AND MORE. "The Waynesboro Circulator.'"'The W^aynesboro Gazette." The "Village Record."The "Keystone Gazette."The -Blue Ridge Zephyr."The "Centennial Souvenir."The "Waynes- boro Directory,".304-313 CHAPTER XIV. CELEBRATING THE CENTENNIAL. THE INCEPTION,PROGRESS AND SUCCESS OF THE DEMONSTRATION. Association and Officers.Character of the Celebration.Feat- ures of the Several Demonstrations.Arrangement and Routes of the Several Parades.Visitors.Addresses.Official Pro- gram,etc..314-364 NOTES TO CHAPTERS. EXPLAINING AND AMPLIFYING SUBJECT MATTER. Indians Tribes.Boundary Commissioners.Memorials to As- sembly,Letters,Petitioners.First Settlers and Taxables.Wal- lace Family.Title Papers.Charter.Borough,School and Church Statistics.Muster Rolls.War Notes.Newspaper Comments,etc...365-408 ILLUSTRATIONS. NEGATIVES AND REPRODUCTIONS BY JULIUS F.SACTISE. General Anthony Wayne,Frontispiece PAGE 1.Original County Seals and State Ensign,20 2.Boundarj-Monument (Arms of Penn),58 3.Boundary Monument (Arms of Baltimore).39 4.Section of Official Survey,Mason and Dixon Line — (From reproduction of Original,possession of Penn'a. Hist.Soc),42 5.Map of ','Lost County"— (From record in Land Office of Penn'a.),44 6.Autograph,John Wallace I — (From document,possession of Mrs.T.S.Cunningham, Waynesboro),45 7.Connected Draft of Wallace Lands — (From original surveys in Land Office).47 8.Great Seal.Province of Penn'a.,48 9.Facsimile of Franklin County Petition witli Signers — (From original,possession of Author).54,55 10.Autograph.Col.James Chambers — (From original document,possession of Author).62 11.Autographs,Capt.Benj.Chambers and Lieut.Edw.Craw- ford— (From original document,possession of Author),63 12.Facsimile of Letter of General Washington — (From original,possession of Author),64 .J3.State Coat of Arms,Pennsylvania (Official),66 14.Original Town Plot of Waynesboro (Waynesburg)— (From drawing of original by H.W.Stone,Harrisburg.79 15.Proprietor's Deed for Town Lot — (From original,possession of Mrs.T.S.Cunningham),81 16.Birds-eye view of Waynesboro,1897,(Plate),97 17.The Old Wallace Homestead — (From Water-Color,possession of Mrs.T.S.Cunning- ham),104 18.Jailor's Receipt for Nugent — (From original,possession of Author).115 19."A Man of Iron"— (From outline drawing,possession of J.F,Sachse)116 20.Denning Monument.1 17 21.In a Mountain Glen (Royal Arch Cascades,Mount Alto),121 22.Captain John E.Cook — (From drawing,possession of J.F.Sachse),124 23.Old Bridge over Antietam near Waynesboro (Plate),129 8 WAYNESBORO. 24.Town Buildings,Firemen Hall,Town Hal!(Plate),153 25."At Peace"and "On the War Path"— (From outline drawings,possession J.F.Sachse).•••157.161 26.The Site of Guitner's School House (Plate).163 27.Flag of First Penn'a.Regiment,Continental Line (Colored Plate)— (From original in State Flag Room).*i68 28.Receipt for advertising military orders —Uprising against Excise — (From original,possession of Author).176 29.Autograph,Wm.McClelland,Brigade Inspector,1812 — (From original document,possession of Author).179 30.Autograph.Capt.Samuel Dunn.1812— (From original document,possession of Author).181 31.Autograph,Brig.Gen.Peter B.Porter,1812-14— (From original document,possession of Author).184 32."An old Defender."185 33.Portrait.Capt.John E.Walker.189 34.Autograph.Capt.Wm.J.Palmer,194 35.Portrait,W^illiam B.Wilson.198 36.Sending News from the Border— (From Brady war photograph,by L.C.Handy.Wash- ington,D.C),199 Z7.Portrait.Maj.Gen.J.E.B.Stuart— (From Brady photograph,by L.C.Handy).200 38.The Boys in Charge of the Wagons — (From Brady photograph,by L.C.Handy),2c6 39.Portrait.Brig.Gen.Wade Hampton — (From Brady photograph,by L.C.Handy),209 40.Map of Stuart's Raid through Pennsylvania — (From the original in War Department,Washington. D.C).211 41."E Pluribus Unum."216 42.Portrait.Gov.Andrew G.Curtin.221 43.Lieut.Gen.Richard S.Ewell — (From Brady photograph,by L.C.Handy).223 44.Where the First Union Soldier Fell in Pennsylvania (Plate),225 45.Facsimile of a Confederate Pass — (From original,possession of Author),228 46.Ready For the Torch — (From Brady photograph,by L.C.Handy).229 47.Portrait,Maj.Gen.Jubal A.Early— (From Brady photograph,by L.C.Handy).230 48.Portrait,Maj.Gen.Darius N.Couch— (From Collection of J.F.Sachse),22,z 49.A.War Time Poster— (From collection of J.F.Sachse).235 50.Plan of "Forts Washington"and "Henry Clay"opposite Harrisburg.Pa.— (From draft of original in War Department,possession of Dauphin County Hist.Society).''*236 ILLUSTRATIONS.9 51.Portrait,Brig.Gen.W.F.Smith — (From Collection of J.F.Sachse),237 52.Portrait,Brig.Gen.Jos.F.Knipe-— (From photograph,by LaRue Lemer,Harrisburg),245 53.Ruins of Chambersburg— (From photograph taken at the time,possession of J. F.Sachse,251 54.Portrait,Brig.Gen.John McCausland— (From photograph,by L.C.Handy").253 55.Portrait.Maj.Harry W.Gilmore — (From photograph,by L.C.Handy),257 56.Medal of Honor,262 57.Waynesboro School Homes (Plate)265 58."Fostering the Young,''271 59.Waynesboro Churches (Plate I.),281 60.Waynesboro Churches (Plate II.),291 61.Home of Seventh Day Baptists—Snow Hill (Plate),297 62.Portrait,Sidney Rigdon— (From an old print),300 63."The New Jerusalem"in Franklin County,Pa.(Plate),301 64.Facsimile "Conocoheague Herald"Heading — (From original,possession Hon.W.C.Kreps,Green- castle.Pa.),303 65.Facsimile of Waynesboro Newspaper Headings — (From originals,possession of I.E.Yost,W.J.C. Jacobs and N.B.Martin),309 66."Fond Recollections,"3'^3 67.Triumphal Arch,Center Square.3I7 68.Head of Odd Fellows Parade,3^4 69.Soldiers'Monument,3-7 70.Head of Civic Parade,34- 71.Centennial Music Hall,351 72.Portrait,Abram Staley,354 73.Waynesboro Centennial Association (Group),359 74.Official Program (Reproduction of original),361-364 INTRODUCTION. HE THAT WILL HAVE A CAKE OUT OF THE WHEAT MUST NEEDS TARRY THE GRINDING. HATSOEVER matters concerning the past,introduction. are put down in writing and dignified with the name of History nmst have the truth as .1 •r 1 i •/tai 1 r 1 t The Mfiiisi in their sure foundation,i he truth of the past is rarely which truth......' comes. tangible m its entiretv.It comes to us as o-old is washed down from the mountains of the West,in minute but precious particles,and intermixed with infinite alloy,the debris of centuries;"l)ut the return is rich to the diligent seeker,who avoiding the "fool's gold"of romance,de- votes himself faithfully to the pursuit of the pure nuggets of fact,and having found them,constructs for them,to the best of his ability,a philosophical setting,properly presenting causes and effects. The work of the annalist,useful as it is in the preserva- tion and chronological arrangement of facts,and so com-t,,^reiati..,,of mon as to be almost universal,in the printed records,Histonr"'" ^° particularly relating to the past of Pennsylvania,is not.it is true,in the strictest sense,history,but it is a very important basis of History,and it is much to be regretted, that,whilst there have been many faithful and unselfish workers along this line of research in Pennsylvania,and as a consequence much of value preserved,the careless- ness or crime of the earlv custodians of Pennsvlvania's important public documents and records,meaning her MS archives,has rendered it possible for so much to be scattered abroad,emasculated or wholly destroyed. Biography,also,has a most important relation to his- tory ;Carlyle says,"History is the essence of innumerable biographies."Pennsylvania has been fortunate again to The relatii.n of Biography to His- tory. 12 WAYNKS150R0. INTRODUCTION. Proud, Rupp, Day, Gordon, Egle. a (lci;-ree,in that she has not l^een lacking in painstaking and conscientious biographers and genealogical writers whose works are a thesaurus for the historical investi- gator,albeit the reprehensible condition of the provincial and early State records,above referred to.has seriously handicapped the labors of their authors and compilers. The work of the annalist,the biographer and the genealogist is naturally circumscribed in its scope and precludes any extended consideration of underlying prin- ciples or comprehensive view of causes and effects.The people of Pennsylvania owe a debt of gratitude to such earnest and indefatigable laborers in the general field of Pennsylvania History,as have already contributed to the literature of the country the results of their work,and to the manv countv annalists and chroniclers of local events who have saved and recovered much from the insatiate work'm.r appre-uiaw of Time.It is true,however,that the generations of Pennsylvania's people,even unto the present have not fu]l\'awakened to a proper appreciation of the essential part which Pennsylvania has taken in the formation and perpetuation of the Union ;to an understanding of the influences which she has exerted as one of the most potent factors in the civilization of the American Continent,or to the importance of the study,from a philosophical standpoint of the causes which have brought about this grand result. In a work as purely local as this which now engages attention,the story of Pennsylvania's l)irth,and her rapid elevation to a central,a commanding position,the "key- stone"in the arch of States of the Union,may be men- tioned,but cannot be told. Effect of reii-The closiug ycars of the XVI and the opening years of gious persecu-a-\• i t tion in the XVI Uic W II ccntunes were a period of unrest in the Old and XVII Gen- .,, t""es.World.The spirit of the great Reformation was quick- ened anew in every locality.Freedom of conscience and liberty of thought were the watchwords of awakened INTRODUCTION.1 3 humanity.The doctrine of the Divine right of Kings was introduction. struggHng for its YQvy existence,and on ever}-hand the unhallowed trammelings of religious persecution and in- tolerance were felt.Failure to submit absolutely to the arbitrary dicta of tyranny meant ostracism and exile. Cruel necessity compelled the exchange of comfortable and happy homes for the secret places in almost inacces- sible mountain fastnesses and closely hidden sanctuaries in the valleys.Men of conscience,men of principle,were casting about wildly for some safe harbor,as they at- tempted to breast the waves of the great sea of events which were tossed mountain high in their agitation.Who can paint the picture of these two centuries of unrest in the Old World?Wlio fittingly portray the mighty power of the religious intolerance and persecution,which were well-nigh universal? In this crisis the New World became the hope of thou- sands,and no section gave promise of a more generous ^.„.,,o i '^The ^e\v \\oild welcome than the "peaceful province"of Penn.Here a sanctuary. .-hone the great light which pointed the way to a safe harbor for the souls buffeted by the waves of persecution. Here was the refuge for all who desired "to worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences"and to live at peace with their fellow men.Here was the sanc- tuary for the affrighted beings who had been hunted like wild beasts by a savage soldiery under the orders of still more savage representatives of authority ;and here the home for the victims of countless persecutions,indescrib- able in cruelty,perpetrated in the quiet valleys as well as in the crowded cities across the sea,where intolerance held undisputed sway.Here also,a field of holy labor presented itself to scores and hundreds of godly men and women,who came,not because driven by persecution, but being imbued with the true missionary spirit and in- spired with that love of their fellow men,which was born of the Christ. 14 WAYNESBORO. INTRODUCTION. Pennsylvania the home of hunted sects. The gates of Pennsylvania stood awide in welcome. Within the liberty enwidened borders of this delightful land swept by the waters of the Delaware and Susque- hanna came to abide,not one people alone,not a single sect,but the sturdy representatives of many people and of many sects.To this conglomerate mass of humanity, which subsequently grew^into the homogeneous people of Pennsylvania,white-cliffed Albion contributed,besides adherents of Huss and follow^ers of Fox,who combined in their character independence of action and respect for constituted authorit_y,also conforming English whose re- ligious formalism did not prevent them from being adepts at trade.The shores of the Baltic,the banks of the Rhine,the mountains of Switzerland,the land of the dykes and the windmills and the vineclad hills of simny France,each sent their full complement of sober,thrifty and unflinchingiv God-serving and God-fearing men:ex- ponents of the faith of Luther and Calvin and Zwingli and Wesley;disciples of Menno Symon and Schwenkfeld and Spener,and ''faithfully protestant,but pitifully op- pressed"Huguenots :all peace seeking people and lovers of the arts of peace.Last,Imt not least conspicuous,from the hills of Scotland and Erin's Green Isle,came the Scotch-Irish Presbyterians and Covenanters and their kindred ;born soldiers and in all things men of iron-clad principle. These the elements which,crvstallizing here,made it possible for the "Holy Experiment"of \Mlliam Penn in his government to become fruitful beyond the wildest dream of his ambition. For nearl}-three-quarters of a century after the found- ing of the Home for Hunted Sects,under the government of Penn,the actual occupation of the land was confined chiefly to the territory lying toward the south and be- tween the Delaware and Susquehanna rivers;the rich and INTROni'CTTOX.15 fertile territory stretcliin^-away to the westward of the intkodiction. Susquehanna,remaining'nn(Hsturl)ed l)y the encroach- ments of the white man.Even at the time of W'ilHam Penn's arrival it was terra incognita,and in nndisputed possession of the red man.It was in tnrn the resting j^md's'-wer/oV"^ place of wandering-triljes from the Southland bound ui)on fv\T,!iri\'m"^''g^^^^ visits,hostile or friendly,as the case might be,to their f'mmu!i. ''''^ Northern brethren ;the ])lace of rendezvous for rej^resen- tative warriors of many tribes,summoned to council of peace or war;the home and protected hunting grounds of bands of friendly red men,who leaving the Sun Land of the South joined their fortunes with the Confederacy of the North.Afterw-ards it became the coveted prize of intruders from near Potomack and the jealously guarded reservation of the Quaker government at Philadelphia, and,lastly,the staunchly settled and fearlessly protected frontier and outpost of the advanced civilized settlement of the New World ;the gateway to the unbroken wilder- ness of the West,through which the dusky inhabitants of the region at last departed,before the superior strength of the children of Education as "the Star of Empire westw-ard took its course." No section of country was more familiar to the Indian, none better loved,and none,when the red hand of nnu"- derous w'arfare beckoned,more relentlessly ra\ished.^,„,,„p ,,,,„,.^^ Dear to him were its mountains and "barrens,"alive w'ith game,and dear its creeks and streamlets with their abundance of fish,and bitter indeed,and nun-derously revengeful,the feelings of the lawless tribes toward the paleface whose legal acquisition of the soil,as civilization advanced,was in the eyes of the supplanted ones an un- pardonable W'rong. The rio-hts of the Indian in this section were recognized by the first Proprietor of Pennsylvania,and respected by J^'^i^^^^'.f,°l him and by those who came after him,and in no other ^'"^'"*"' part of the province was the humane and upright policy i6 WAYXKSBORO. INTRODUCTION. The Susquehanna river a factor. A speculative proposition. The reservation policy. of William reiin,with respect to the natives,as "orig-inal proprietors of the soil."jjetter exemplified and with ,e:rcater determination carried ont. The i^-reat inland ri\er.the Susc|tiehanna,was,so to speak,the highway of comnumication between the native tribes that dwelt upon its shores,and to the north and westward,and their brethren to the east and south.In the light of its history it seems almost by Di\-ine purpose that this broad and smiling ri\er was not navigable but for a short distance from its mouth.In those early days, when mariners tried "to reach the East by sailing west," and had v/onderful adventures and made strange dis- coveries in the bavs and inlets along the eastern coast of the new Continent,the waters of the Susquehanna, l)right,attractive and inviting as thev were,cotild never welcome the "venturesome keels"of the "first dis- coverers."No Spanish,Dutch or English skipper ever dropped a lead into the bosom of its inland waters,or gazed enrapt upon the beauties of its upper shc^res.Its lands,except so far as they were an unknown part of earlier kingly grants,of indefinite extent,had no part in the controversies concerning title by discovery. History has to do with nothing except the proven truth,and must be,therefore,a stranger to propositions purely speculative;yet the curiously inclined might find both pastime and profit in considering from a speculative standpoint what difterent order of things there might have been if the Susquehanna river,at the date of its discovery,had been navigal)le from its month to its source,or chiefiv so. As long as in the natural order of tilings was ])ossil)le, the reservation rights of the Jndians to the lands west of the Susquehanna were ])rotected and preserA-ed by the government of I'ennsyhania.'I'lie policy was,indeed, upheld for a much longer ])eriod than was consonant with the best interests of the Proprietaries,and it is now^diffi- INTRODUCTION.17 cult to define to what extent the determination to keep introduction. faith with the natives to the fullest,in this section of the province,is answerable for the serious troubles subse- quently arising out of the adverse claims made by Mary- land "squatters"a.nd warrantees along the southern border. There could be no misunderstanding of the policy of the Maryland claimants.The}'were looking with envious Attitude of the eyes upon the whole of the wide expanse of rich territory aiftZ*" *^"""' which stretched away toward the Susquehanna.The un- certainty of boundary limits made title by occupation,or a ]vJar}-land warrant,to much of this desirable land, something more than a possibility.Many valual)le tracts were already in actual possession.There was no right of "the original proprietors"'of the soil,according to any ethics which the land-seekers understood,which they were bound to respect.The situation grew critical."Phe representatives of the Six Nations,reluctant as they were to accede to it,were forced to admit that the plan ])ro- posed by the Deputy-Governor of Pennsylvania,to make governmental surveys in the threatened territory,was the best thino-to be done in the emergencv.The tide of civilization from the East was rapidly swelling and threat- ened soon to break away all barriers to the westward.To the southward as above adverted to.the persistent ad- vances and insidious encroachments of settlers from A critical situa- Maryland and round about Potomack,were a constant tinn tided over, menace.The absolute confirmation of the title to the lands west of the Susquehanna in the Proprietaries of Pennsylvania :the establishment of Proprietarv land agen- cies,and the survey of Proprietary manors within the ter- ritory were the steps taken to relieve the situation. These were steps taken in wisdom,but in the light of history,they were steps tardily taken,and who shall now positively declare that they were taken "with an eye sin- gle"only to the interests of the Indian. (2) i8 INTRODUCTION. A serious prob- lem. First German settlements. Success of the German idea. WAYNESRORO. Two potent clement-in tlie make-up of Pennsylvania's migration seem,in tlie eternal economy of affairs,to have been set apart to pe()])le this section of the province. Between them there was no community of lan^^nage or of interests:on the contrary,a relationshi])wliicli at the outset was little short of pronounced antagonism.With muttered discontent among the savage inhabitants,wliich a breath might fan into open warfare,with contlicts over land titles with southern neighbors,in connection with which bloodshed not infrequently occurred,it behooved the Proprietary government to deal in i)rudence and care with this new ])roblem of settling in the same section of the ])rovince.two classes of people in antagonism with each other. Between the lands lying on the west side of the Sus- quehanna ri\er,and the Kittochtinny (or Cumberland) Valley,trending to the southward beyond,the South Mountain was a natural barrier.Attracted by the rich bottom lands along the river,shut off from the haunts of the savages by the mountain,the Ciermans,natural agri- culturists,and adverse to the hardshi])s and adventures which a life beyond the mountain gave promise of,were readily induced.acf|uiescing in the plan of the govern- ment,to take mU licenses for and to settle the lands along the river. Let the line of rich and thriving villages and towns which lie along the ri\er now.like a necklace of jewels, certif}-the wisdom of this choice.The German idea in the settlement and growth,not only of this section,but of the whole province,deserves to be recognized in its history,however nnich the tendency is to overlook it. It has been the great cohesive element,the might v bond. that has held in place the other elements;and by that longing which is natural to a German for a home and home comforts,by the German thrift and industrv.were INTRODUCTION.^9 laid the earliest and most diiral)le foundations of actual introduction. settlement in Pennsylvania. The ^•alley beyond furnished a field of operations, peculiarly designed by Nature for a people like the Scotch-Irish.It demanded their indomitable spirit to Js'^pion^'^'!"'""^ brave the dangers of that valley and to successfully carry out a mighty mission,the important results of which are patent to-day.These people were soldiers,fighters in aggressive as well as defensive warfare,but better still thev were Christians and lovers of education.They were able to cope with the savage and treacherous foe wdiicli lurked in the shadow of every mountain fastness,but at the same time,as the representatives of Religion and her hand-maiden Education,they built churches and school- houses in the valley. Through subsequent intercourse,family affiliations, and in general a growth of a community of interests,as time progressed,the Germans on the river side of the mountain and the Scotch-Irish on the valley side became ^n,ai-amation a homogeneous people,and,amalgamated,present to-day the sturdiest stock of citizenship which the Conunon- wealth of Pennsylvania claims as her own. In the planting of the portion of Pennsylvania which lies west of the Susquehanna,thrift,energy,bravery and supreme love of country went hand in hand.It was a notable seed time,therefore it may not be marvelled at a fm-tfui harvest that a harvest of overfiowdng fruitfulness,in every line of the implanting,has been and is being reaped. Original County Seals and State Knsign. CHAPTER L LAND TITLES. ORIGIN AND NATURE OF PENNSYLVANIA TENURES. THE vesting in the Quaker founder,the original Pro-chapter i. prietary,and his family,of the title to the vast do- main now known as Pennsylvania,the subsequent divestiture and quieting thereof in the Commonwealth, and the establishment of individual land titles,constitute Land uties. a story which,following the golden thread of romance which runs through it,glows at times with the lurid flash of thrilling and sometime even tragic incident,albeit a story in the main grounded in the dry and uninteresting details of a legal controversy for the preservation or over- throw of disputed rights,with the issue,indeed,often in doubt. Notwithstanding the fact that English Charter rights iJn^re. °°^*^ were granted for lands in Pennsylvania under the principle which obtained among the nations across the sea,that the newly discovered country belonged to the people whose representatives first discovered it,title by conquest is the actual groundwork of all English tenure of lands in Penn- sylvania;therefore,the history of lands in any section of the State must,in a general wa}-,relate back to the con- quest of the colonies on the Delaware by the English oct.3,i664. shortly after the restoration of the House of Stuart,King Charles the Second reigning. The English Government,in common with the other a prolific cause of controversy. progressive European nations,had ah'eady learned by ex- perience that title by conquest followed by occupancy of lands,particularly in the Western Continent,without cer- tainly defined and recorded descriptions of territorial bounds,guaranteed nothing definitely unless it were the 22 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTFR I.certainty of bonndarv disinites.not only with foreign gov- ernments,but amongst its own siiljjects as well.The truth of this proposition cannot be denied,and history stands witness to the fact that the imi)rovident granting of land titles bv English charters,for territory in America, without an accurate knowledge of the geography and topographv of the territory granted,proved to be quite a prolific cause of controversy in both of the young pro- vinces on the Delaware and Chesapeake. The Maryland grant. June 20,16.32. New Albion. June 31,1634. The first seeds of trouble were planted with the charter erant bv King Charles the First to CeciHus,Lord ^alti- more,which,by generous description,included much of the territory subsequently contained in the grant of King Charles the Second to \\'illiam Penn. Following the Baltimore grant came the romantic gift from King Charles the First to Sir Edmund Plowden as "Earl Palatinate of New Albio;i"in America,absorbing, besides Long Island,in its forty leagues'embrace,all the territory of New Jersey.Delaware.Pennsylvania and ^Maryland.The overthrow of the House of Stuart in England,and the withdrawal,for the time being,of royal patronage,rendered the task of securing possession un- der his grant rather too arduous an imdertaking for "The Right Honorable and r^Iighty Lord Edmund by Divine Providence Lord Proprietor Earl Palatinate,Governour and Captain-Cenerall of the l^'ovince of New Albion." The Restoration brought with it new pitrposes to be maintained and new.and presently powerful,favorites to be rewarded,and,as a conse(|uence.the ambitious dream of the Earl T^alatinate for his "New .\lbion"was never realized,and its charter right remained only as a brief and romantic clia])ter in the story of Land Tenure in Pennsyl- vania,entitled to.at least,passing mention in e\erv prop- erly digested \icw of the subject. LAND TITLES.23 Several reasons are assigned for the grant of the Xew <'hapter i. Netherlands to James,Duke of Yorke,by his royal brother.Title of Duke of King Charles the Second.The king's "lack of respect" for the Dutch,and his determination to pre\-ent the evil consequences which might arise from the permanent set-^''"'"''" tlement of that nation in the midst of the British Ameri- can colonies ;to dispossess the Dutch of their enjoyment of territory to which the English claimed the title,and "''^'"''^ thus to put an end to the disputes which were continually arising between the two nations ;to give expression to the general feeling of enmity to the States General of Hoi-'-""''^"" land,engendered by rivalry in trade and by other causes ; through revenge against the Hollanders who had en-Acreiius. croached upon the rights of the English in Africa,India and elsewhere. In any event,the Duke of Yorke laid claim to the X"ew Netherlands district as a reward commensurate with his valuable services to the Crown.Mingled with his motive in taking possession of this country was the spirit of re- ^•enge against his old enemies,the Dutch,to which was added an avaricious desire to secure to himself the ad- vantages of the entire trade of that valuable country. King Charles was not tardy in acceding to his brother's wishes.The king granted to the duke the coveted terri- torv in the New World,comprising within its confines the entire extent of the New Netherlands,including the colonies on the Delaware,irrespective of Holland's claims and Holland's occupancy. William Penn became Proprietary of his Province of Pennsylvania,and territories annexed thereto,l)y four several grants. First :The Province of Pennsylvania was granted to Penn by the Great Charter or Patent of King Charles the Second.This royal charter was promptly and duly pub- lished in the proclamation issued by His Majesty's com- Penn Proprietary «Tants. April 2,1681. 24 CHAPTER I. WAYNESBORO. niand,and directed to the inhabitants and planters of Pennsylvania in America. Second:The deed of the Duke of Yorke for the province of Pennsylvania in the same terms snbstantially Aufrust 31,1082. .^j.^|^g roval charter.The acquisition of this deed was prompted by the foresight of William Penn.to protect him in the future against any claims of the Duke of Yorke which might arise. Third:The o-rant of the Duke of Yorke to Penn of the town of New Castle,otherwise called Delaware,and the district of twcl\e miles around it. Fourth :Tlie grant of the Duke of Yorke to Penn,on the same day.of the tract of land extending from twelve miles south of Xew Castle to Cape Henlopen,divided into the two counties of Kent and Sussex,which,together with the Xew Castle district,were commonly known by the name of the "Tln-ee Lower Counties"of Pennsylva- nia. Augrust 24,1682. August 24,1682. Area of the Pro\'ince. Proud,1780. Peiin's policy. The Pro\'ince,according"to the boimdaries marked out in the Royal Charter,contained thirty-five million,three hundred and si.\ty-one thousand,six hundred acres. After the adjustment of all boundary disputes with neigh- boring States,and after the acquisition of the Erie tri- angle,it was computed that Pennsylvania contained about thirty million acres of land,o\-er five million acres less than were comprised within the Charter boundaries, and nearly four million acres more than were estimated by Pennsylvania's earl\-historian. \\'illiam Penn.clothed with the fullest power under his royal grant,and in consonance with the policy which was recognized among the civilized nations,could have as- sumed absolute and almost despotic jurisdiction over every foot of land which his charter described,but the religious principles which he professed forbade a policy which would "cement in blood"'the foundation stones of LAND TITLES.25 his new government,and prompted rather the sounder <"hai'tkr i. and more humane poHcy which recognized the rights of the "savage inhabitants"as "legitimate Proprietaries"of the land;a policy which had its inception in the league of amity,''never sworn to and never 1)roken.'"entered into under the shade of the forest trees,and was followed 1)_\- that long line of treaties which protected,as well as might be,the savages in the enjoyment of their rights,and se- cured to the people of Pennsylvania an mibroken peace with them for many a year. The Indians,who dwelt in the vallev of the Susque- Indian piir- hanna at the time of the grant of the Province to William cii''=''-'s- Penn,and for a prior period "to which the memory of man runneth not to the contrary,"were,without doubt, of Iroquois or Mingoe stock.Some of the Delaware tribe had settled among them,or in the neighborhood, ^'"'^^' causing discontent,which feeling was augmented by the persistent encroachments of the settlers from the domain of Lord Baltimore ;so the Susquehanna Indians hailed, with gladness,the advent of the Commissioners who represented the Government of William Penn,and promptly sent a deputation to the New Commissioners, seeking protection,which was guaranteed,and proffering friendship,which was accepted and reciprocated.Of the treaty which,according to the best authorities,it is be- lieved,was entered into on this occasion,no record is extant,but there is much reason to believe that it was in- cluded among the matters and things which had been du Ponceau.*° .Fisher. promised and stipulated by the Representatives of the ^^![™- Proprietary before his first arrival,and by him confirmed at the Great Council of friendship under the tree at Shak- amaxon,on which occasion the Susquehanna Indians, with others of the allied natives,were present with the tribes from the Delaware region. Colonel Thomas Dougan,Governor of New York,and 26 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER I. Govemor Dou- fraii's ii'lalioiis with the Pro- prietor. afterwards Karl of Limerick,who was brought into inti- mate relations \\iili tlic T'ro]^rietar\-of the new Province of Pennsylvania throiigh the circumstance of his having been deputized by James,Duke of Yorke,to collect the past due (|uit-rents accrued upon the land granted to Penn,and to adjust other matters connected with the transfer,was further conmiissioncd by the I'ennsvlvania Projirietary to secure title for him from the Indians to the frontier lands of his I'roxince lying along the Sus(|ue- hauna ri\er. Oct.10,1683. 1st Penn'a. Arch.Vol.1,p. 76. p.SI. 1st Penn'a.Arch. Vol.1,121-2. Jan.12.1696. Note 2. Jan.13,1696. Description. (,)uite earl\-in the life of the ]^'ovince,Dougan,writ- ing to Penn,and s])eaking of the Indians with respect to the relincjuishment of their lands,says,"They have all agreed to gi\'e Suscjuehanna river to me and this Gov- ernment,which T ha\e under their hands to show for it." And again,""'rhe Sus(|uehanna ri\er is given me by the Indians b}-a seccMid gift,about which )'ou and I shall not fall out." The Indian deed to Governor Dougan is not known now to exist,but his coiu'eyances to A\^illiam Penn have been preserxed.They consist of a lease for one thousand years;the consideration therein mentioned being one hundred pounds lawful money of England,and,in addition, "yearly,and every year,on the feast day of St.Michael, the Archangel,the rent of a pepper corn if the same shall, or lawfully,be demanded."This lease was supplemented by a fee simple deed ;the body of the land conveyed being described as. '"All that tract of land h'ing u])on,on both sides of the river comonly called or known b}-the name of the Susciue- hannali l\i\er and the lakes adjacent in or neare the Pro- vince of Pensilvania in .\merica,beginning"at the moim- tain or head of said river,and running as farr as and into the Bay of Chesapeake which the said Thomas Dougan lately ])urchased of or had given him by the Sennica Susc|uehannah Indians." LAND TITLES.27 Two years after the Dougan conveyance,in the inter-niAPTEu i. val between \\'iniam Penn's first and second visits to his Province,a nnmber of families of Shawanees or Sonthern Indians,came to settle at Conestoga,among those who were already established there.Permission to admit the newcomers was asked of the Proprietary Government,southern Indians This application for admission was promptly acted upon '"""""• and resulted,in a later period,on the return of the Pro- prietary to this country,in a new treaty,and a direct con- veyance from the Kings and Sachems of the Susquehanna Indians to William Penn of,^„^,,.^^^^,^, "All the lands situate,lying,and being upon both sides of the said (Susquehannah)River and next adjoining the same to the utmost confines of the land,which are,or sopt.13,1700. formerly were,the right of the people or nation called Susquehannagh Indians,or by what name soever they were called." They also,at this time,confirmed the conveyances made unto Governor Thomas Dougan for the same lands. It was the great desire of William Penn to secure the Susquehanna river through the whole extent of the Pro-Another Agree- vince,and he never lost an opportunity of bringing his title thereto to the view of the Indians,who,from time to time,seemed strangely forgetful of it;so,with this pur- pose in view,the deed last above cited,together,with the ratification and confirmation of Governor Dougan's con- veyances,is again recited in an article of agreement,made vprii 23,iroi. the following year,between William Penn,upon one hand, and the Susquehanna,Shawanee,Potomac,and Cone- stoga Indians,upon the other. Notwithstanding the efforts of the first Proprietary,and i""«^itie quieted, those who came after him,to quiet in themselves the title to the lands on the Susquehanna,it continued to be a cause for discontent among the Indians for a period of nearly forty years longer,when it was finally settled,the ^"^^"•^'^^- 28 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTKH I.good Cuiirad W'ciser being'an important agent m the set- tlement.Twenty-tliree Chiefs of the Onondago,Seneca, Oneida,and Tuscarora Nations joined in the deed to John, Thomas,and Richard Penn.renewing and ratifying ah former treaties of friendship and peace,and conveying nn- ecinivocahy and absoUitel}': "All the said river Susquehanna with the land lying on both sides thereof,to extend Eastward as far as the heads or l^ranches or streams wdiich run into the Susquehanna, and all the land Iviiig on the litest side of the said river to the sett ill i{siiiL and to extend from the mouth of the said river northward up the same to the hills or mountains called, in the language of the said Indians,Tayamcntasachta,and by the Delaware Indians,Kekachtanamin hills." Territory included. A proposed Manor. June IS,1722. 171S to 1732. There could be no question concerning the comprehen- siveness and certainty of this description of lands.With certain releases and private deeds accompanying it,it in- cluded all the territory of the present counties of Franklin, Adams,and York,and part of Cumberland,with consider- able of the territory on the east side of the river,and is known and described as the purchase of seventeen hun- dred and thirty-six. As has already plainly appeared,prior to the i)urchase just mentioned,the Proprietary of Pennsylvania had no undisputed title to the lands on the western side of the Susquehanna :so it was wisdom on the part of Lieutenant Governor Keith,when the encroachment of settlers from Maryland had assumed a serious and threatening aspect, to diplomatically keep in the background the Penns'claim to the title,that he might persuade the Indians in posses- sion to consent to the survey of a proprietary manor in the heart of the territory.This was the famous "Manor of Springetsbury,"for which the warrant issued,but the surx'ey was not returned into the Land Office,which was closed from the death of William Penn,uiuil the arrival of Thomas Penn.In the meantime,1)}'the consent of the LAND TITLES.29 Proprietors,sundry settlements had been made within the «hapteu 1. Hmits of the survey,Init no titles were coniirmed. Later,a special conmiission issued to one Samuel Blun- ston,a srentleman of wide knowledo-e respectinu"the lands i^ifiston"'-^'Licenses. on the Susquehanna where he resided,authorizing-him to ''''"•^'^"^^• grant licenses to settle and take up lands on the west side of the Susquehanna.He issued many licenses during a period extending over three years.These licenses,or rather promises,to settlers to grant them Patents for the land they had settled,covered some twelve thousand acres,and,after the purchase of seventeen hundred and thirty-six,which finally settled the Indian claiuL were signed by the Proprietary,Thomas Penn,himself,at Lan- caster. These licenses were peculiar in certain respects.They were issued for lands not absolutely purchased from the ^„,,"i Character of the Indians.They had all the essentials of a warrant,but no License." purchase money was paid when they issued.In the con- troversies concerning the Manor of Springetsbury,in York county,thev became the subject of judicial investi-^--- Sergeant. gation,and were accepted and formed the bases of many titles.They are known in history as the "Blunston Licenses." Licenses of this character were issued for lands now em- braced within the limits of Franklin countv ;for four hun- Rupp. dred acres at Falling Spring (Chambersburg)were taken up by Benjamin Chambers under the Blunston Licenses,,,,,-,TT 1 ^1 McCauley. but the title to the land upon which W aynesboro stands, as will appear later,passed directly by Proprietary war- rant. A word as to Proprietary Manors:Although a nund)er of tracts of land in the Province,and,as well,the Proprie- Proprietary tary tenths,were surveyed and designated Manors,strict-Manors, ly speaking there never were any Manors in Pennsylvania. The tenure by which the Charter was held was that \o WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER I. Charles Smith. species of feudal tenure called socage by fealty only,in lieu of all other services,and the tenures under William Penn were by a kind of rent service.The patents were not free connnon socage in lien of all other services.By the a1)olition of (|uit rents,all estates,derived immediate- ly from the Commonwealth,are unconditionally fee sim- ple,with the reservation only of one-fifth part of gold and silver ore at the pit's mouth. Divest ine act. Act of .June 2S, 1774. This,in brief,is the historv of the vesting in the Pro- prietary of l^ennsyhania of the title to the lands in the Kittochtinn\'or Cumberland \';dley,\\-hich section of the countr\-filled up very ra])i(ll}-with settlers under Proprie- tary grants which continued to issue until the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. When the independence of the united colonies became an assured fact,it was patent to all that so vast a domain as Pennsylvania could not.in safety and consistently with the principles espoused by those who fought for indepen- dence,be allowed to remain under the individual owner- ship of the Penn family.Every consideration of sound policy and proper regard for the rights of the people de- manded that their Proprietar}-interest in the soil should be defeated,and the Seignior}-into which the Charter of King Charles the Second had erected Pennsylvania,to be held of the Crown of England b}-fealty in lieu of all other services,should be vested in and come under the laws of the new go\-ernment.So.in wisdom,this was done l)y the Assembly,which also,with a due regard to equity and justice,preserved to the I'rojjrietors their private estates to an extent not inconsistent with the public welfare,and ])aid them in money one hundred and thirty thousand poimds sterling as an e(|ui\alent for the interest in the land of which they had been deprived. The story of land title disputes and title settlements, which has large and interesting part in the history of every LAND TITLKS. section of the State,is not within the scope of these pages,chapter i. The narrative of the difficulties which arose thronoh the....^'^American Popiila- acquisitions of speculators,corporations,or ass()ciatit)ns ;'Cerk",„Lami the settlements made by the decree of self-constituted -Fair piay tribunals safely intrenched from a physical,if not a leg-al, ^'''"' ' point of view,cannot be told here :nor yet can there be <^p"""ticut given the account of the troubles with neighboring peo- ples which led to bloody warfare. ^\itll the early controversy between ^^larvland and Pennsylvania,and the disputes of the settlers,the lands of conflict of the Cumberland Valley are more intimately associated. *'"'''' Although the notable overt acts were committed within the limits of York and Adams counties,the dwellers alone Antietam and around Conococheague were in a ferment of excitement over the situation,and the attitude of the Marylanders was a constant menace. During the active operations of Thomas Cresap,the chief of the Alarvland agitators,and his coadjutors,Benia-I'^e,chambers '^-^vs.Cresap. min Chambers,of Conococheague,was a trusted aeent and adviser of the Proprietors of Pennsylvania.It is said that he visited England on behalf of the Penns,in connection with the boundary dispute with Lord Balti- more.At all events,there is evidence that he was most actively engaged at home. On one occasion,when Captain Cresap,with a com- pau}'of surveyors not less than thirty in number,were sur\eying lands for Lord Baltimore,not far from the site of the town of W'rightsville of the present day.Colonel Chaml)ers.in company with others,attacked them,and ,,1st Pcnn'a.Arcli. commanded them to "take up their compass and be gone,Voi.4,p.535. and dro\-e them away from their work.On ant)tluM" occasion,he was one of a party under the command of Samuel Smith,then High Sheriti'of old Lancaster county, who set out for the purpose of the capture of Cresap. They surrounded the house where he was stopping,and, hiding in the Ijushes,watched him until the a])proach of 32 CHAPTER I. 1st Penn'a.Arch Vol.1,p.519. .Not I 3. A visit to the enemy's country. WAYNESBORO. davlieht made it necessary for them to beat a retreat,the fear being,as they expressed it.'lest lie (Cresap)should shoot some of us before we could get hold of him." Sometime after that,Colonel Chambers,learning from good authority (Mr.\\right and Mr.Samuel Blunston) that a movement was on foot to muster a number of Mary- land militia at.or near,the residence of one Colonel Rigs- be,for the purpose of going into the Codorus region to distrain for the Maryland lexies which had been made upon the inhabitants of that region,went as a sp}-among them to bring back an account of the proceedings.Under the pretense of searching for a servant who had run away,he journeyed on horseback down the Susquehanna river on the east side,and.crossing at Rock Run h'err}-.went to the muster place.Soon after his arrival he learned that Captain Cresap had been there that morning,but had gone down to Colonel Hall's home to meet the governor of Maryland who was coming to the muster that day to give his orders against Pennsylvania.This was anything but pleasant news,in some respects,for Colonel Cham- bers.Knowing that Cresap was well acquainted with him,he summed up the situation,if Cresap should couie with the governor,thus,"I knew mv doom was to q-q to gaol for stopping his Lordshi])"s survevors."He.there- fore,determined to leave,if possible,before the arrival of Cresap and the governor,and,accordingly,after making some inquiry about his lost servant,he started to mount his horse to be gone,when Colonel Rigsbe,in the most insinuating manner possible,endeavored to detain him. He was obliged to submit to a searching cross-examina- tion as to his residence,which he openly declared to be at the Falling Spring,on the Conococheague,in Lancaster countv;when he left home;how long it had taken him to come;where he had lodged on the way:whether he had a pass,and why he had not ;and last,he was told, frankly,that he was suspected to l)e one of tlie spies which LAND TITLES.,^ liad been sent out by Pennsylvania.Colonel Chambers chapter i. was equal to the emergency,and re])lied that he was very sorry they had such a bad opmion of him.that he had no land near the disputed land,and had come over after no such thing-.Rigsbe would not be convinced,however, but said he would keep him (Chambers)there until the return of Cresap,who would know if there was anvthinp- against him.and.if there proved to be any thine wrone-*o'A critical situa- he would be sent to Annapolis,^^'hile Colonel Chambers "°"- was thus detained,Colonel Rigsbe mustered his militia regiment.Meanwhile,the Pennsylvania visitor,with un- concerned manner,gave the closest attention to all that was spoken or done,and.in a short time,had gathered all the information he came after.The elements,and the natural wit of Colonel Chambers,finally helped him out of his dilemma.It started to rain very hard,and all hope of the governor's arrival that day was abandoned,and the prisoner proved to be so entertaining and persuasive in his conversation that Colonel Rigsbe finally dismissed him "as an honest man."Prevailing upon one of the militia- men to act as his guide,the colonel set out at daybreak the next morning.His guide accompanied him for six miles,and put him on the course to Wright's Ferry,which a safe return, point was reached that night. There the colonel gave an account of his adventure, and disclosed the important information he had gathered across the border;he was advised to go to Donegal, where a great company had gathered for the purpose of raising a house,and to inform them of the attempted in- vasion.This he did,and notice was sent to Lancaster; when the three hundred Marylanders came,headed by Colonels Hall and Rigsbe,they found what they took to be an "overmatch for them."and beat a hasty retreat. As a reward for his conduct in this affair.Governor „,,,runinerland Thomas Penn entered a grant upon the records to Colonel county. Chambers of a commodious mill site and plantation on the (3) 34 WAYNESBORO. Cedar Spring in the manor of Lowther,with the implied promise that one of the Honoral)le family would make a country-seat in the neighborhood. Boundary dis-y^^^dispute l)et\veen the Lords Baltimore and the Pro- prietary Government of Pennsylvania,under the Penns, concerning the northern boundary of Maryland and the southern boundary of the Province of Penn,was not only one of the most interesting and exciting episodes in the early history of the two provinces,but,with reference to Pennsyhania.was a potent factor in shaping some of the most important events of that formative period of her existence. ^°^^*•This controversy,like many greater ones,was "engen- dered by the ignorance of kings."In other words,this original troul)le arose from the lack of knowledge on the part of the royal grantors of the geography of the coun- try wherein were contained the "plantations"granted by them. Begrinning of the j^^^.^g ,-,ot the pcacefullv iucHued "Quaker Proprietor."dispute.i --^i ' as some assert,who,"by reason that he did desire a more extended water frontage for his goodly plantation,"first stirred up the dispute with Lord Baltimore.Almost fifty years before the royal pleasure was manifested in the grant to William Penn,Cecilius,Lord Baltimore,who held the royal patent for a portion of the Delaware peninsula,be- gan to sow the seeds of this contention.Upon two or three apparently insignificant Latin words in the original grant to Cecilius,depended long years of strife. June 20,1G32.Fifty ycars prior to the grant to Penn,a royal patent was granted to Cecilius Calvert,Lord Baltimore,by King Charles,for the unoccupied part of Virginia from the Potomac river northward for lands,"not then cultivated Terra liactenus '""'''«•and planted,"extending from bounds then reasonably well ascertained on the south,"unto that ]iart of Delaware bay on the north which lieth under the fortieth degree of north Godyn purchase. July 15,1629. IvAND TITLES. latitude."Had it not been for the limitation in the char-chapter i. ter of Lord Baltimore to "lands not then cultivated and planted"(terra hactenus inculta),Baltimore might,at that time,have claimed and,by right of occupancy,subse- quently held the lands up to the beginning of the forty- first degree of latitude.But,unfortunately for Balti- more,some three years before his English grant,the agents of one Samuel Godyn,had purchased from the na- tives a tract of land on the west side of the Delaware bay, extending from Cape Henlopen inland thirty-two miles and two miles in l)readth.This purchase was subsequent- ly confirmed to Godyn by the States General of Holland. It was this circumstance which saved to Pennsylvania a large part of her southern territory,for,however kindly the English government may have felt toward Cecilius, it did not,at that time,care to enforce his claim at the cost of a war with the Netherlands.So it was that the at- tempted occupancy,by the Lords Baltimore,of the terri- tory up to the forty-first degree of north latitude was postponed until a new and more dangerous factor in the controversy appeared in the shape of the royal grant to William Penn. Charles Calvert,Lord Baltimore,son of CeciUus,was William Ponn . now the principal in the dispute on the part of Maryland,vs.charies cai- To Calvert's claim up to the old limits,the "forty-first degree,"Penn opposed his own charter to "the beginning of the fortieth degree"and the restricting clause in the Maryland charter,averring that settlements had been made by Europeans within the limits of the disputed ter- ritory five years before the date of the grant to Cecilius. It was a life and death struggle with the Quaker Proprie- tor.Should the claim of Baltimore prevail he would be deprived of twenty-four thousand,one hundred and six- teen square miles of his newly acquired territory.But worse,by far,than that,as Penn understood his charter, it included the lands upon the Chesapeake bay and the vert. 36 CHAPTER I. Agreement of 1732. 1735. English Court decrees. Specific per- formance. May 15,1750. Dispute on construction the decree. tlie of W.'WNESBORO. valuable port.s thereon.The establishment of Baltimore's claim meant the loss of all these advantages to Penn. The ^•ari()^s ])hases of this dispute in the earlier years are full of interest,but the scope of this work is too limited to admit of mure than this reference to them. In course of time the Proprietary governments of the two provinces entered into an agreement by which nearly one-half of the Delaware peninsula north and west of Cape Henlopen was confirmed to Pennsylvania,and the south- ern boundary of the Province was determined to be on that parallel which is fifteen miles south of the most south- ern part of Philadelphia.But Baltimore still procrasti- nated when,under the agreement,it was attempted to run the line.Because of this delay,the Penns exhibited a bill in the English Court of Chancery against the de- lin(|uent Calvert,praying for the specific performances of the agreement.After tedious delay,the Lord Chancellor Hardwicke decreed specific performance,and determined several questions which had arisen out of the agreement during the controversy.He decreed : [.That the centre of the circle (the circumference of which,according to Penn's grant,was to be the south- eastern boundarv line l)etween his province and the penin- sula)shall be fixed in the middle of the town of Xew Castle. 2.That the said circle ought to Ije a radius of twelve English miles. 3-That Cape Henlopen ought to be deemed at the place laid down in the maps annexed to the articles of seventeen hundred and thirty-two. L'pon the construction of this decree,the disputants could not ao-ree.Baltimore's commissioners claimed that the miles ought to be measured superficially,while Penn's commissioners insisted that,considering the vari- ous irregularities of the ground,such radii could not ex- tend equally,conse(|uently,from them,no true arc of a LAND TITLES.37 circle could be formed,but that this could be accomplished ""'hapter i. onl}'by geometrical aud astronomical mensuration. So the dispute continued,without any satisfactory de- termination.Prominent men were sent to England,from time to time,to represent the interests of their govern- ments.Among them,on behalf of Pennsylvania,as be- ••/~ti 1 1 r 1 r Hon.George fore stated,was Benjamm Chambers,the founder of chambers. Chambersl)urg,who was a close friend of the Proprietary Government.As time went on,Charles,Lord Baltimore, died,and was succeeded by Frederick,Lord Baltimore. A supplementary bill was filed in the English Chancery Court l)y the Penns,pending which,Frederick joined in a new agreement,ratifying and explaining the old agree- ment.In conformity with this last agreement,the line ^,,'^Agreement or was finallv run by the celebrated English astronomers ^'^°- whose names it bears. To the perplexed Proprietors of the two Provinces with undetermined limits,there had come the fame of two in- genious mathematicians and astronomers of no little repu- tation,who had been sent by the English government to the Cape of Good Hope to take observations on the transit ^j^g^^^^^j of Venus the year before.These two scientific men,by name Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon,were wisely employed to settle this seemingly endless dispute.Pend- ing the arrival of Mason and Dixon,the Pennsylvania p-overnment commissioned her own statesman-mathe- matician,David Rittenhouse,to determine the initial por- tion of the boundary line,and,although his instruments were all of his own construction,the surveyors afterward adopted most of his measurements.Mason and Dixon arrived in Philadelphia in November,and commenced ^''^^' their work in December.The line was run on the parallel of latitude thirtv-nine degrees,fortv-three minutes,and „.,.*.The line run. twenty-six and three-tenths seconds,beginning at what was determined by the agreement to be the northeastern corner of Maryland,and running due west.The ofificial 38 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER I. Surveyors dis- charged Dec.26. 1767. Royal ratification, 1769. Territory affected. surveyors continued their work to a point two hundred and forty-four miles from the Delaware,or within less than twent}-three miles of the whole distance to be run, when they were compelled l)y the Indians to stop the work.They returned to Philadelphia,and were discharg- ed.The line,as laid out by Mason and Dixon,was dis- tinctly marked at intervals of five miles by monuments, having carved upon the northern side the arms of Penn, upon the southern side the arms of Lord Baltimore. These monuments are a species of white sandstone,and were prepared in and sent here from England.The interven- ing miles between the monu- ments are marked each by a smaller stone bearing a "P" upon one side and an ''M" upon the other.The monu- ments are from six to eight inches in thickness,about twelve inches broad,and pro- ject from the ground between two and three feet. The arrangements and pro- ceeding's relative to this line were,in due time ratified by the king,but the proclama- tions to quiet the settlers were not issued by the respective Proprietaries until five years later. If the Lords Baltimore had been permitted to secure what of the territory they demanded,the northeastern corner of Maryland would,to-day,lie in the neighborhood of West Chester ;thence,extended westward,the line would have passed about two miles south of Lancaster, about the same distance,or more,north of York,five miles north of Chambersburg,and would have divided the State jurisdiction in the counties of Bedford and Somerset. Boundary Monument, Ai »ts of Peun. LAND TITLES.39 Franklin countv. 1765,Sept.3. Upon the other hand,had the demands of the first Penn chapter i. been acceded to,Maryland wonld have lost all north of Annapolis ;two-thirds of her present territory,inclnding Baltimore,Frederick,Hagerstown and Cnmberland. The connties bordering on the line extended west of^,.,^^,T -4^i\i Details of theNewCastlecircleareChester,i^ancaster,Y ork,Adams,survey. Franklin,Fnlton,Bedford,Somerset,Fayette,and Green. From the original note-book of Mason and Dixon is gathered the following record of the operations along the line of Franklin county: The surveyors made steady progress in running the line along the territory now included in the counties of ires,juiy and A ufflist . Lancaster,York,and Adams.They reached the south- east corner of what is now Franklin county and Washing ton township,and passed the mountain a little above the point which is now called Blue Ridge Summit,at a locality dis- tinguished by them as "Mr. George Craft's house,"a dis- tance of ninety-two miles and four chains west from the tan- gent of the New Castle circle. The following day they con- tinued the line,and,at ninety- three miles,sixty-three chains, crossed the first rivulet running into the Antietam,and,at nine- ty-four miles,sixty-two chains, they crossed the second rivulet running into the same creek.This rivulet is at the foot of the South mountain at the east side.The next day they brought their sector to the west side of the moun-^ept.5 tain,and the following day set it up at a distance of ninety-^'^p'^-^• four miles,sixty-three chains,and proceeded to make Sept.4. 40 WAYNESBORO. Sept.7-17. Sept.8. Sept.18. Note 5. CHAPTER I.extensive solar observations,on the plain east and on the plain west,in which ten days were consumed :one day being-cloudy,so that no observations could be taken,the full (lay was consumed in computing the observations they had made in "the preceding ten days.Both the observations and the computation of the observations are entered into the notes in full,in comprehensive tables which l)ear witness to the remarkable accuracy and detail which these noted mathematicians carried into the prose- cution of their work. To survev the remaining portion of the line along Franklin county to the North mountain,a distance of Sept.19 to Oct. ^^i),3^,^twenty-five miles,required some twenty days. Eighteen days more were consumed in making another series of solar observations and computations,and,with the closing week of the month,the surveyors are found at Captain Shelby's,at North mountain,packing their in- struments to be left in care of Captain Shelby,while they make a return trip along the line to the Suscjuehanna river,opening up vistas as they go. Oct.25. Oct.28 to Nov.7. Work resumed, 1766,April 1. Fulton county. 1767,July 8. Further work upon the survey of the line was abandon- ed for the winter.When spring opened,the survey was resumed at the North mountain,and the line continued in the direction determined upon by the solar observations at the foot of the North mountain. At one hundred and nineteen miles and eighteen chains,the summit of the North mountain was reached, with Fort Frederick,in Maryland,nearly south,distant about eisfht miles,and Fort Loudon,under Parnell's Knob,in Pennsylvania,distant about eleven miles,the line trending off along territorv now in Fulton countv. Beyond this point,the scope of the work now in hand,will not ])cniiit the history of its progress,interesting as it is, to be followed in detail. As durinL;-the last vear.the work was al)aiidoiied in the LAND TITLES.4^ winter and resumed again when the weather,and all chapter i. things else,were convenient.A week after the resump- tion of their work,the surveyors were joined by fourteen surveyors^"'" ^'"^ Indians,deputized by the Chiefs of the Six Nations to ac- company the surveyors along the line to see to it that no entrv for survey was made upon lands reserved.With them came Mr.Hugh Crawford,interpreter.The line was continued without remarkable incident until the Mononeahela river was reached,at a distance of two hun- dred and twenty-two miles,twenty-four chains,and twelve links west of the starting point.Here twenty-six of the axemen and their assistants left the surveyors,refusing Axemen strike. to cross the river through fear of the Shawanees and Dela- ware Indians,but,after considerable parley,fifteen of the axemen were persuaded to go along.When Dunkard creek,near the Ohio river,at two hundred and thirty-two and seventy-eight-hundredths miles was crossed,some trouble arose.The Chief of the Indians,who accom- panied the corps,positively declined to go a step farther,^^^^^''^ ''^"• as that was the limit of the commission of the Chief of the Six Nations.In this determination the Indians persist- ed,and,after extending the line to a proper point for ob- servations on the adjacent ridge and marking the same, the work to the westward was suspended at two hundred abandoned, and thirty-three and seventeen-hundredths miles,con- siderably short of the five degrees of longitude,the west- ern charter bounds of the Province,and the corps return- ed homeward. Mason and Dixon,arriving at Conococheague (now Greencastle),sent messengers to Annapolis and l^hiladel- ,...1 ^••• >_1 1 1 Commissioners phia,accjuamtrng the Commissioners appointed by eacn report. Dec.4. Province that they would l)e in Philadelphia in ten days. The Counnissioners met at Christiana Bridge,instead of Philadelphia,where the surveyors joined them and re-Dee.24. ceived instructions to draw up a plan of the boundary line between the province of Maryland and Virginia,and de- 42 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER I. 1768,Jan.29. Note 6. 1782. Comiiletion of the Virginia por- tion of the line. 1784. juno t\T ^ 1^ -^^ ^1^4^ liver the same to Richard Peters.Having done this, thev wer^honorably discharged from their services. Some years after.Colonel .Vlex- ander McClean,of Pennsylvania, and Joseph Neville,of Virginia,hav- ing been dnlv commissioned by their respective states,surveyed and temporarily marked to its western terminus the remaining portion of the line.They were instructed to extend Mason and Dixon's line twenty-three miles,which proved to be about one mile and a half too much for the distance marked in the Charter.It was not until two years later that ]\Iason and Dixon's line was fully completed to its western end.and the whole line tested by astronomical observa- tions.The most important point was to fix definitely and accurately the western terminus of the line. For the accomplishment of this, some of the most noted scientific men of that day were employed. They interested themselves in the enterprise,to use their own lan- rS^rM'S^g'^age,"for the purpose of per- forming a problem never yet at- tempted in any country and to pre- vent the State of Pennsylvania from the chance of losing many thousand acres secured to it by the asri'eement with Baltimore." ^ o X •9^ Details of the survey. The part}',which consisted of eight persons,divided. Four went to \\'ilmington,Delaware,where an observa- LAND TITLES.43 tory had been erected.The remaining four repaired to chapter i. the west end of the Hne,as temporarily agreed upon,and,J.^^^^- on the Fish Creek hills,erected a rude observatory.At these stations,each party,during six long days and nights preceding the autumnal equinox,continued to make ob- servations of the eclipses of Jupiter's moons,and other ^uniap. celestial phenomena,for the purpose of determining their respective meridians and latitude,and adjusting their time-pieces.This done,two of each party having come to- gether,they find their stations were apart twenty minutes and one and one-eighth seconds.The Wilmington station was one hundred and fourteen chains and thirteen links west of the Delaware.Knowing that twenty minutes of time were equal to five degrees of longitude,they make allowance for one hundred and fourteen chains and thir- teen links,and for the one and one-eighth seconds (equal, they say,to nineteen chains and ninetv-six links),and upon this data they shorten back on the line to twenty minutes from the Delaware,and fix the southwest corner of the State by setting up a square,unlettered,white oak post,around which they rear a conical pyramid of stones, which is,or ought to be,there unto this day.There was no retracing of the line from the northwest corner of Mary- land,nor was it measured from the end of Mason and Dixon's line running from the cairn corner.All that was done was to connect these two points by opening vistas over the most remarkable heights,and planting posts on some of them at irregular distances marked with "P"and "V"on the sides,each letter facing the state of which it is the initial.The corner was guarded by two oak trees, with six notches in each,as watchers. One of the Commissioners on behalf of the State of Pennsylvania,appointed to do this work,was David Rit- tenhouse.The telescope which he used on this remark- able occasion has a history which will prove a tale of in-^°^^*" LAND TITLES.45 terest with a striking moral to those who are incHned to chapter i. read it. Here let it be remarked that Mason and Dixon's line, thirty-nine degrees,forty-three minutes and twenty-six and three-tenths seconds,although,as a fact,it did mark^ . The true limit of the northern limit of slavery in the United States,with slavery. the exception of small portions of Delaware and X'irginia, must not be confounded with the parallel of thirty-six de- grees and thirty minutes north latitude,which was assign- ed by the "Missouri Compromise"of eighteen hundred and twenty as the limit,to the north of which slavery could not be extended. Settlements within the limits of the territory known as Washington township,Franklin county,were made at an individual early day,and a oreneral inquiry into the origin of all the •^' ,...,•1^34 to 1737. land titles in the township,an inquiry too wnde m scope and prolific in detail for this investigation,will develop the fact that sundry settlements therein were legalized by the Bhmston licenses of seventeen hundred and thirty-four. The title to the land upon which Waynesboro stands Waynesboro, can be traced from the Province and the Commonwealth, the original right to which was not derived from a Bhms- ton license,but from actual warrant and patent. y(yA^nPoMi^y In pursuance of Proprietary warrants issued by John Lukens,Surveyor General,to John AA'allace the elder, John Armstrong,Deputy Surveyor,returned into the Land Office,as having been surveyed for John AA'allace, a tract of land in the return described as being "situate in Antrim township in Cumberland county,containing six hundred and thirty-three acres,one hundred and nineteen perches,and the usual allowance of six per cent for roads." This was the original sur\-ey of the tract of land,a por- Wallace war- rants. Oct.20,1750. Aug.23.1751. 46 ANAVXESBORO. CHAPTER I. Survey on Nvar- rants. April 17(3. March 31,1T93. Governor Mifflin. tion of which was afterwards known as "Wallacetown," and subsequently laid out in the town lots for Waynes- l)oro.The above descril)ed piece of land was returned to the Land Office for patent in three separate returns. The original John Wallace never took out any patents for anv portion of it,but.after his death,and a division of his property according to his wall,returns were made to the Land Office for patents,as follows : L For the first patent,one hundred and ninety-nine acres and one hundred and forty-one perches were return- ed,and."in consideration of the moneys paid by John Wallace unto the late Proprietors,at the granting of the warrants hereinafter mentioned,and of the sum of ninety- one pounds and ten shillings now paid by a certain other [ohn Wallace,"a patent,bearing date the fourth day of April in the same year,issued for that amount of land. The patent recited the fact that the land had been taken up under warrant "by the elder John \\'allace"who.by will,devised the said tract to his son.Robert Wallace, who,by deed,subsequently conveyed the same to George Wallace who.by deed,conveyed the said tract to the said last named,"the younger John AA'allace."This tract was called in the patent "Mount \'ernon." II.For the second patent,one hundred and fifteen acres and one hundred and forty perches were returned, and,in consideration of two hundred and twenty-two dol- lars and nineteen cents paid in addition to the original warrant fees,a patent,bearing date April fourteen in the same year,issued for that amount of land.The patent recites the fact that the land had been taken up under war- p^'^ssi.'^""^"^"' ^'^"t "by the elder John Wallace"wdio since died,having made his last will and testament wherein he devised the said part unto his son,Thomas Wallace,wdio since died intestate,whereupon the Orphan's Court for the county Oct.21,isiT.aforesaid (Franklin),awarded the same unto the said John Wallace (eldest son of said Thomas). Patent Book, 63,p.562. July 25,1T77. Jan.9,1779. Oct.26,1786. April 10,1S19. Wm.Clark,Sur veyor General. US^^X-fOX's S^^U- ^^'Aomasfi^iaea,deed. Tf,f,, 48 CHAPTER I. i^ater patentees. June 15,J8'l» Governor John F. Hartranft. Patent Book,II- 72,p.762. ISIS,Dec.21. WAYNESDORO. The remaining-and larger portion of the tract,that is to say,three hnndred and twenty-two acres and one hundred and fifty-eig-ht perches,remained unpatented for upwards of fifty years,and after tlie patent for the second portion was taken out in eighteen hun(h-ed and nineteen.Then a patent for this amount of land,"in consideration of the money paid by John Wallace at the granting of the war- rant,and the sum of five hundred and thirty-three dollars and forty cents in full of the arrearages and fees."was is- sued to parties claiming under the elder John \\^allace. They were Henry Good,Clara A.Strickler,vSimon Alick- ley,J.H.Clayton,Nancy Fahnestock,William Hoeflich, Mrs.E.M.Floyd,David Patterson.Thus was confirm- ed,in individual holders,the remaining portion of the original \\'allace grant. The founding of the town by John \\'allace the younger, and its subsequent preliminary incorporation into a borough shortly before the patent of eighteen hundred and nineteen was issued,will l)e treated of fuUv in another portion of this work. Great Seal,Province of Pennsylvania. CHAPTER II. COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. ORGAXIZATION,DIVISION AND SUB-DIVISION. M PON the official records of Pennsylvania there is no chapter it. note of the exact date when the original counties of the Province were organized.Their names and general territorial limits are believed to have been deter-organization of Original Conn- mined by the original Proprietor,in conjunction with the *'*'^- first and earlier purchasers,when he was the first time in the country.The boundaries,or division lines of the three Upper Counties seem to have been fixed accordino-April,am,coi. to his nnnd or direction,expressed to some of his friends 126. before he left the Province,and afterwards were con- firmed by the Provincial Council. One of the three original Upper Counties which appear Chester county. as established in 1682,is Chester.It primarily included all the territory,except a small portion of the present counties of Philadelphia and Montgomery,to the extreme limits of the Province,and consequently it embraced within its ample bounds all the lands to the west and southw^est of the Susquehanna river. Philadelphia and Bucks were the tw^o remaining Upper Counties,originally organized,and in connection with the Philadelphia and .1 T r^,--vT^-^iT^,/-.Biifks Coiintips.three Uower Lounties,New Castle,Kent and Sussex (the present State of Delaware),comprised the entire terri- torial grant to William Penn.Chester and Bucks,some- time called "Buckingham,"by the Proprietor,were laid out with specified boundaries,Philadelphia being in the midst and as a consequence embracing all the territory between the two first named counties and that lying to the north,northwest and northeast to an indefinite extent. (4) 50 AVAYXESBORO. ciiAi'TKK II.With the increasing;"po])uiati()n in the outlying-portions A division uf of Chester ConntA'.the demand for a more comi:)act ci\'il Chester ComUy -' demanded. organization became so im])erati\"e that tlie ])rovincial antliorities decided to erect a new county out of a ])ortion of the territory inchided witliin the original count}-of Chester. This demand on the part of the inhabitants of the '"upper parts"was reasonalde.in \ie\v of the existing condition of Eeasons for tiiu j^fCj^jj-s.Thev rei)resented that thev lav under great hard- demand.-i ..^ ships because of being at so long a distance from the Town of Chester,where the Courts of Justice held their sittings,and the ])u1)lic offices were kept.They graphic- ally set forth the difficulties with which the "sober and (juiet inhabitants"of that part of the country were beset. in sectu'ing themselves against "the thefts and abuses al- most dailx'conuuitted upon them b}'idle and dissolute persons who resort to the remote parts of the Province, and b\-reason of the great distance from the Court or prison,do fre([uentl}'hud means of making their escape." A division de-Tliese representations induced the Asseml)ly to take termincd upon,....111 r 1 /a February 20,actiou 111 tlic premiscs,u])on the address or the Governor, Patrick Gordon.The preliminary steps consisted of the appointment of a Conunission of ht and well cpialified per- sons to run the di\ision line.It was determined that this commission should consist of six persons from the "tip- per"and an equal number from the "lower"j^art of the count}-,who were to act in conjunction with the Surveyor of Chester count}-,in running the lines. Under instructions,the lines were to be run b}-the Commissioners,as follows: Beginning at the most northerh',or main branch of the Octorara Creek,on the lands of John Alinshall :thence n a Xortheastern direction to the next high ridge of "barren hills,"that lead from thence to the Schuvlkill kixer;thence along the hills or mountains,b}-con- s])iciioiis,natural and durable marks;the whole to be 172S-9. Note 8. 11 COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES.51 Ixjiinded on the East,and toward the North,by Octorara cilu'ter ii. Creek,and the Hne of marked trees running-to the Scluiylkill :on the South b)^tlie Southern l)oundary of the ]^ro\'ince,and,to lie open on the JJ'esfwai-il,fill further orders he i^iveu liereiii. Tlius lea\ing the territory of which Frankhn county is now a part to soHtude and the savag-es. The name of "Lancaster"for the new county is said to have been suggested by John Wright,one of the Commis-Rupp. sioners,a man of most decided force of character,who came from Lancashire,England,and settled on the Sus-i^i-i. quehanna river,near Columbia. In due course of time the formal Act of Assembly, erecting Lancaster county,was passed,and although ^^-'y ^^''^'-^ never in form sanctioned by the Crown,became a law by••-•.,....,.C'oiniiiission : limitation m accordance with the terms oi tlie propnetarv caieb pierce,' -lohn Wright, ciiarter.Assurances it)r land \uv count\'i^urposes were tiios.Edwards, -^^ .Tas.Mitchell. taken and a Court House and prison erected by the Com- missioners named in the Act. For twenty-one years longer the territory,which \)y the terms of the Act creating Lancaster county,was /()lie open on the Westward,till further orders be gic'en herein,con- tinued in that condition,when,b}-the Act of Assembly creating Cumberland county,the fnrther orders herein, were given. Petitions in favor of the new county had been presented to the Assembly by William Alagaw and James Silvers, numerously signed,as petitions to the Assembly,in those *'''"'i'''*'"°"^- early times always w^ere,by the energetic "indwellers"of the Valley,in their day called the "North"or "Kittoch- tinny,"in ours the Cumberland A'alley.These petitions were couched in language identical with that contained in the prayer of the petitioners for Lancaster county.To read these early petitions for new counties,is to conclude that the chief concern in the creation of a new civil di\'i- C'uinlierland Cciunty created. •Jan\uiry 27,1750. 52 CHAl'TKK II. Boundaries fixed. York ('(iiiiity created,1749. W.\YNE.SBORO. .sion of this sort,was to secure the certain punishment of evil-doers,and that the convenience and deserts of law- abidino'citizens,were of a secondarv consideration. The territory to be inchuled within this new county, was defined to be : "All and singular the lands lyin^'within tlie Province of Penn'a.,to the Westward of the Susquehannah.and Northward and \\'estward of the County of York '^* bounded Northward and ^^'estward,with the line of the Province,Eastward,partly with the Susquehannah,and partly with the County of York,and Southward,in part bv the line dividino"said Province from that of Marvland." Origin of name. Rupp. Robert McCoy, Benj.Chambers, David Ma^aw, "Cumberland"was the name given to this the second of the offspring of Lancaster;a name,some say,bor- rowed from a mountainous county of England,bordering on Scotland,which derived its name from the Keltic, Kimbriland ;the Kimbric or Keltic races once being in- habitants of the locality called Cumberland in England. Commissioners were appointed,as was the custom,to carry out the pro\'isions of the Act.These met with their chief dif^cultv in connection with a dis])ute which arose .lames Mclntyre..,_^, " ..,_^John :\ir('ormack.With 1 ork couiitv,concemiiig the boundarv line.The Commissioners of the county east of the mountain were as tenacious of their rights as were the representatives of the A^alley county to the Westward.York was deter- mined that the Yellow Breeches creek should form a part of the dividing"line,whilst Cumberland was etjually de- termined that the dividing line should commence oppo- site the mouth of the Swatara creek,and run along the ridge of the South Mountain.When the fact is noted that Col.Benjamin Chambers was a representative upon the one side,and a son of fearless old John Wright (John \Vright,Jr.),u])on the other,it is not to be wondered at Febniarv 0,1751.... that it reqiured an .\ct of Assembly to tmalK'adjust the difficulty. COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES.5;; Cumberland county thus constituted remained intact chapter ii. until the necessities of the steadil}-thriving "dwellers on ^^^^j^^^.^.^.^.^^ Conococheague,"the inhabitants of the Southwestern ^""^^'^^'"' portion of the county,demanded a further division of ter- ritory.Numerous petitions were sent to the Assembly, reciting in old-time form,but in rather more decisive and graphic terms,the hardships the people were compelled I'^o tc i7S4. to endure in traveling the long distance from their homes to the seat of Justice at Carlisle,and the troul)le experi- enced in collecting their debts ;these the chief considera- tions,and in the second place,the license given to "felons and misdoers."through the difficulties in the way of con- ve\ing them and their accusers to that seat of Justice. It can be readily gathered from the Legislative history of the formation of the county of Franklin,that it did not come into existence without there being created among the people cpite an intensity of feeling.The efforts to protect and advance the interests of certain rival locali- ^Popular excite- ties ;the partisan spirit awakened betw^een the several '^J™[^.;" ^^^^ candidates for office in the proposed new county and among their friends,and as well the leaven of conservat- ism which as a rule is averse to change in any existing condition of affairs,all operated to cause,as the final ac- tion of the General Assembly was delayed,for one reason or another,no small degree of excitement. The inhabitants of Lurgan and Hopewell tow^nships, ,J r ^.,"^i .,1 •• 1 i1 Lurgan Townshipformedonefactionwho,while on general principles they people in oppo- sition, were not opposed to the creation of the new county,were utterly and wholly averse to being a part of that county, if they were to be compelled to accept either Chambers- burg or Greencastle as the county seat.Their choice was Shippensburg,which lay within the circle of their local interests.They desired this town to be included in the new county,otherwise they preferred to remain in allegi- ance to the old county with all the inconvenience of hav- ing the county seat so far distant as Carlisle.The people •<u^^p ^•'.y^x^>i^-v^x-i /•,A^, •.J (^^/'o^^,~^^y^y^^-^*-^.^^.e^i^^^o^^S7^2t^^c^'^U.>*-«^ii^/^ .H^^'P^- -^ Facsimile of Krankmn County Petition and Prominent Signatures. 56 \V.\VXESBORO. CHAPTER 11.of Luroan township were particularly active in opposing jj^^g g the new county with Chambersburg as the county seat, and expressed their views to the Legislature in no uncer- tain language.They made particular point of the fact tliat their townshi])would be divided;their militia bat- talion and also their religious society would be "separated and thrown into different counties,and that social inter- coiu'se requisite in these respects greatly obstructed." They also complained of the expense that would be en- tailed tipon them in the erection of new public buildings. Another faction consisted of the inhabitants in and about Chambersburg whose chief consideration was to Views of the sccurc that town as the countv seat,and to bring within Chanibersbuiij people.the new count}"as much as possible of the territory of the old count}'.Xotwithstanding the fact that Shippensburg would pro^e a powerful ri\-al in the contest for the countv seat,their petitions demanded that the territory of the new county should be sufficiently enlarged to take in Shippensbiu'g and Hopewell township,'\\hich will be a means of putting its on an equalit}-with the old county Note 10. ^^'^^^^^y "^^means prejudicial."They also paid their re- spects to the Liu-gan protestants and to another county faction (spoken of later),in these terms: ''That we are Credibly informed of a number of Design- ing and Prejudicial Men preparing Petitions in order to be preferred to the Honorable House setting forth mat- ters of themselves absurd which will fully appear when presented.That }-our Petitioners would farther j)ra}-to take the fixing the Seat of Jnstice into your Serious Con- sideration and Xominate and affix the same in the most Suitable place and most conducive to the happiness of the Inhabitants.That any other plan or method will be at- tended with the utmost Confusion on account of Self-in- terested and designing i\Ien who daily intermedle with such Matters,not thinking in the least for the Hapiness of the Commmiity at large." A third faction,comprising some of the "Self-interested COUISTTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES.57 Desie-nino-^^len,"above referred to,were the inhabitants chapter ii. about Greencastle and the southeastern portion of the ^j^^^.^^^^,^3 ,.,,1,-Ai-i-j_^1"Greencastle county,nichidnig the dweUers ni W ashmgton township,people. In their petition,which was addressed to "the Honour- a1)le the Representatives of the CommonweaUh of Penn- svhania."after cahing attention to the fact that a bih was pending providing for the division of the county,and "nominating Chamberstown as the Seat of Justice"for tlie new countv.the petitioners "beg leave to observe," "That as the division of the County is Calculated to sute Note 11. the Convenience of its Inhabitants,the most Plausible method of Distributing Equal Justice,and giving General Satisfaction to the People would be to Leave the fixing of the County Town to a vote of the People ;alowing two or more places for the Election to be held at.But least any of the Members of your Plonourable Body should be Prejudiced in favour of the place already Nominated,we beg leave further to oberve that Greencastle,a Town laid out about Eighteen Months since,on the crossing of the Main Road leading from Fort Pitt to Baltimore,and the Carlisle Road leading Through Maryland &Virginia ;is Equally as Centirable as Chambers Town.There is al- readv Twent}'Houses in Green Castle,and a Number more Building;it is nuich better Situated to draw the Trade of the Back Countrys from ^Maryland which at ]:)resent goes Chiefly to Hagers Town,and is so Consider- able as to Enable more than Thirty Persons,Inhabitants of that Place,to carry on Business in the Commercial line;the command of this Trade would,we apprehend, be a considerable advantage.Not only to this County,but to the Commonwealth in General." This petition in fa\'or of Greencastle as a suitable place for the seat of Justice,was largely circulated in duplicate and numerously signed;the entire southern and south- eastern portions of the county being earnestly in accord as to the selection of this popular locality in the old "Conococheague Settlement,'*as the county seat. The history of the rise and progress of the movement 58 CHAPTER II. First petition to the Assembly. Tlnnsda}-,Nov. 23,1780. Journal of Ass., ITH).)i.539. No action taken. March 2,1782. Votes of Ass.. 1782,p..582. ^^.\YXl•:sB()Rn. in tlie Genera]Asseml)ly of the State to create a new count}'out of the southwestern ])ortion of Cuml)erlan(l count\-,is full of interest and will well repay a careful study,as there is therein luuch which indicates the drift in a general way,of popular feeling and reveals as well the hent of local ])olitical and ])ersonal affiliations and antag- onisms. The subject of county di\ision was first agitated in the Asseml)l\-during the incumbency,as Representatives from Cumberland county,of Samuel Cull^ertson,John Andrews,John Allison,Stephen Duncan,William Brown, Jonathan Hoge and John Harris :the three first named being the Representatives from the section which it was proposed to erect into the new county.That which was done at this sitting of the Assemljly amounted to but very little.The following minute is the extent of the record: "A petititon signed l)y one thousand three hundred and lhirt)-two inhabitants of the County of Cumberland,stat- ing the advantages which would result from a division of the said County,and their a1)ility to support the expense thereof and praying that the same may be done,^^'as read and ordered to lie on the table for consideration." The time was inopportune for a movement of this char- acter.The lawmakers were engrossed in the considera- tion of war measures,so the question of di\-iding old Cumberland count\-continued "to lie on the table"dur- ing the sessions of this year and those of the succeeding one. Two vears later the matter was again agitated and the movement received a decided imjjetus.From the records it is learned that : "A petition from a number of the inhabitants of the western parts of Cumberland County was read praying for a division of tlie County,and referring to a former petition of the same import presented to the House of Assembly in 1780,was read and ordered to lie on the table." COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES.59 Subsequently this petition was taken up by the Assem-chapter ii. l)ly and read a second time,and was referred to Aloses ^j^^^,^^^ McClean,Air.Agnew and Air.AlcClay,as a committee, with instructions that they should bring in a bill agree- ably with the prayer of the petition. In due course of time the bill,as prepared l)y this Com- mittee,came up in the House the first time for considera--^p^^^ tion,and after debate was reconmiitted and the commit- tee instructed : "To brino-in a clause ascertainins;-the intended boun-'t> daries in such a manner that the Townships of Hopewell and Lurgan mav not be included within the intended new cotmty. Y.A.623. fc> April 12. After being so amended and reported in due legislatiYc course,the bill came before the House the second time, and on the question whether the same be transcribed and printed for public consideration,the yeas and nays were called by Air.J.Alontgomery and Air.Duncan,Repre- sentatiYCS from Cumberland county,both of whom were opposed to the bill.The yeas were thirty and the nays twenty-one.The Cumberland county delegation were di- •1 1 ' 1 • r-1 1 t'r ^ r 1 Attitude of the Yided on the question as follows:In taYor oi the meas-Cumberland County deleara- ure,James AIcLene and James Johnston;against it,A\'il-tion. Ham Brown,John Alontgomery and Stephen Duncan; absent or not yoting,Robert Alagaw and John Allison. Despite the unfayorable attitude of a majority of the Cumberland cotmty delegation,the new countY bill was submitted to the people. thus ad\-anced far enough at this session to be submitted, in printed form,to the portion of the public interested. The question of diyision was thoroughly cauYassed be- fore the people,and that the opposing element was the stronger is eyidenced by the delay on part of the Assem-opposition, bly in taking u])the measure for final action. As time went on.howcYcr,the proposition grew in fayor and at the second sitting of the Eighth General As-3^^^,.^^j^^A^^som- sembly,the large number of petitions urging immediate ^ 6o wayne:sboro. CHAPTER II. March l(j,1784. March IS. V.A.191. A iK'W county granted. Limits fixed. Countx-Town located. action which were pending-in the House and had been re- ferred to a committee for action,were reported back to the general body and read,whereupon the following reso- lution was presented and adopted: '^Resoli'cct That a new County be granted and laid out, to begin on the ^'ork County line,on the South Moun- tain,thence by a square line to be run from the said begin- ning,to the North or Blue Ridge (Mountain),leaving Shippensburg to the east of said line thence from the sum- mit of the said North Mountain,by the ridge dividing the waters of Sherman's Valley from the waters of the Path Valley,to the gap near the heads of the said Path Valley, joining Bedford Count}-;thence by Bedford County line to the Maryland line :thence by said line to the line of York County;thence by said Count}-line to the place of beginning :To be called County and that the said new County Town shall be established by law at the well known place called Chambers Town and not elsewhere." March 25,1784. March 29. V.A.p.213. The committee which was appointed to bring in a bill m accordance with the instructions specifically set forth in this resolution consisted of ]\Ir.Jacob Rush,of Phila- delphia;Mr.Robert Coleman,of Lancaster,and Mr. Robert McPherson.of York.Owing to the pressure of other duties this committee did not finally agree upon a l)ill until some days later,which they reported to the House at the time when it was in a great state of agitation over another matter.A proposition had been made to re- move the seat of the State Government from Philadelphia to Lancaster.This proposition created no little excite- ment and very little routine business was transacted until it was voted down for the time being. Having been laid upon the table after its formal first reading in the House at the time of its introduction,the new county bill came up for second reading antl consider- ation on the question whether it should l)e printed for public consideration.Its friends were now active,and COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES.6l after a short and sharp debate a vote was reached and the chapter ii. 1)ill was ordered transcribed and prmted for this purpose. Nearly five months passed by without any further ac- tion on the part of the Assembly,except that which was Petitioners stiii ^busy. incident to the receiving-and filing of petitions and me- morials from the people on the subject.Dwellers in Shippensburg and Lurgan township now expressed their August 13-21. willingness,in petitions,to be included in the new county and many in Hopewell township also expressed their will- ingness to come within the new jurisdiction,while the Greencastle people still kept up the fight for the county seat. .^.., • 1 \'^^^Assembly ;it Formal action on the measure again l^egan m the As-woik again, sembly after the people interested had been afforded a full opportunity of considering the printed proposition to di- vide the county.The measure was taken up at the stage v.^'aI'^W.^' at which it was left five months before.It was formally read a second time,and a tlay certain was fixed for its August 25. further consideration and the debate thereon,when it was debated in part and its further consideration postponed for five days.When it again engaged the attention of the August so. House a determined effort was made to change the boun-^change in lim- daries or limits of the new county proposed in the bill then pending.The chief purpose of this change seemed to be to leave out Lurgan township,and to some extent to change the relation of other territory.The proposed changes were voted down by the decisive vote of thirty- three to eighteen.The representatives from the eastern end of the county —the Cumberland end —were particu- larly active for the amendment.These were Brcnvn (Carlisle),Watts and Whitehill. The passage of the bill through the remaining stages of legislation was uninterrupted and uneventful.In due .^^^Franklin time the bill was ordered to be engrossed for the purpose ™unty wu en- gi-ossed and of being enacted into a law,and there came a day,near at signed. hand,of general rejoicing among the Sponsors for Frank-September 9. 62 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER II.]in county,when '"the l)ill,together witli the clause by way of rider to said h\\\ha\-ing been l)roug"ht in engrossed,was compared at the table,enacted into a law.and the speaker directed to si^n the same."' Note 12. cal offices. The new count}-created,the appointment and selection of the county officers at once became a matter of absorb- The strife for lo-^^^g interest to Certain worthy and deserving individuals in the purlieu of the new jurisdiction,and a cause of no little embarrassment to the State officials,who under the existing methods had the appointive power.It would not be proper in these pages to attempt to give any detailed account of these controversies,but a brief reference to the contest for the Prothonotary's office it is believed will not l)e without interest. There were two chief asi^irants for this position,,and they were both men of marked prominence in State and count\'affairs,and both soldiers who ser\ed witli distinc- tion in the Re\olutionar)-War.They were Lieutenant 1782. and Paymaster Edward Crawford and Colonel James Chambers.When the movement to create the new coun- ty took shape,and two years before the division was actually accomplished,both these gentlemen had applied in writing to the President of the Sujireme Executive COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIE^S.63 Council for the appointment to this office,the application chaptkh h. of Chambers reaching the Council two months in advance chamiK.,-.,.)„ of that of Crawford.Both of these papers are interesting- historical documents,as they recite somewhat in detail the military services performed l)y the writers.Both of these applicants had influential friends.General W'ash- ineton had shown himself a friend to Colonel Chaml)ers in manv ways,and i)articularly in the letter which he wrote to the Pennsylvania Board of War asking for infor- mation as to the cause which had led to the omission of the name of Colonel Chambers from the reorganization roster. Crawfoi-d,August 29. Note la Tlieir influential friends. Note U. Penn'a Arch. 1st Ser.,Vol.X, p.603. Lieut.Crawford,on the other hand,was particularly fortunate in ha\'ing General Anthony Wayne espouse his cause in the application for the county office.Crawford lived in Philadelphia at the time,and belonged to that little coterie of army officers who basked in the sunlight of "Mad Anthony's"presence,and securing all their in- fluence,was successful in being chosen for the office he Crawford sno- had applied for.He proved a good officer,and his mas- ter hand is most manifest in the shaping up of the early records of the countv. cessful. The territory lying west of the Susciuehanna remained with indeterminate bounds,as the outlving portion of fo°w™ships. ° Lancaster county,for nearlv six years after the formal organization of the countv.Then bv order of the court ^e^ /-/ec^/ccrrt'^TT^zz/W ccm £^<^i^.a^a^//l^^iyA^H^-yyv^r^^^^^^^^a^^~>^'^''''^^^ ye-^<ie<si^'/2»'A^<^v--^x^rf-Ti^^t^-tn^irr2^''^n£^^^ic^'e-<^^-? ^Z^^'^CL'Ay^/ Facsimile of Washinoton Letter. COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES.65 it was formally included within the limits of two town-<'haptki!ii. ships;the division line running across the valley,so as to 1733. intersect the "Big Spring,"where the town of Xewville is now located.That portion of the territory,eastward of the line,extending to the Susquehanna river,was given the name of "Pennsborough Township,"and that to the Pennsborough westward and southwestward,to the line of the Province, '"^^^^"^'' the name of "Hopewell Township." The townships thus constituted so remained until the increasing population made further division necessary.Hopeweii Hopewell township,which,before its division,comprised '^''•''^'"^'^'^i- all the territory in the county of Franklin,except the mountain townships,Famiet,Metal and Warren,was now divided by a line,running from the North to the South Alountain,across the valley,the exact location of which it is not possible now to positively determine.There is Mccauiey. good authority,however,for saying that this line was about identical with the present boundary line between the counties of Cumberland and Franklin. The new township,which comprised all the territor\-Antrim township ^-neated. which had been formerly the portion of Hopewell town- ship lying within the present limits of Franklin county, was called "Antrim;"a name derived from the ancient county of the same name,in the Province of Ulster,in the North of Ireland,whence many of the settlers in the new Antrim had emigrated,bringing with them fond memories of the rugged hills sloping away to Lough Neagh,and the winding channel and bright wavelets of Brau,to find pleasant reminders of these in the mountains of the "North Valley,"and the flashing waters of Conoco- cheague. Antrim became a prolific mother of townships.Her first born was Lurgan.Then followed in order of time,of townships!' Peters,Guilford,Hamilton,Fannet,Letterkenny.These townships were all m being prior to the outbreak of the ^^y^'^iiington^or-lowiislui)conies Revolutionary War.The township which this narrati\'e "'^"'"^'"^^"^• (5) 66 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER II.most particularly deals with,Washington township,fol- lows next in the order of time,and as its name might indicate,came into existence while the tide of affairs Revolutionary was at the flood.It was the eighth of the ten ttnvnshij^s which were created tmder the jurisdiction of Ivancaster county,and before the formation of Franklin. \rea of \ntrim.AA itliiii its Original ample limits.Antrim townshi])con- tained nearly two hundred and fourteen thousand acres. Washington township,original!}',before a portion was Area of Washing-cut ofl:to Create Ouinc\"to\\nshi]).measured up to twen- ton and Qiiincy. ~. i^sr.tv-six thousand,four hundred and eightv-three acres. CHAPTER IIL EARLY SETTLERS. NATIONALITY AND CHARACTERISTICS.IMPELLING CAUSES OF SETTLEMENT. IT has been said,and truthfully said,that to no particular chapter hi. nationality alone of those represented anions;the ^^.,,1 o Credit for settle- earlier settlers of Pennsylvania,can be g'i'^'en the ^^J^^^.^x^vlle.^ credit for the proper implanting of the settlements in the Cumberland A^alley.and the glorious outgrowth thereof. The truth of this proposition,which applies not only to the Cumberland Valley,but to every other portion of the great State of Pennsylvania,must not be lost sight of in presenting the unbiased history of the State. There is,perhaps,no other section of the Cumberland Nationality and ,,,,. , .,,,...,.. , cliaractoristics of \alley m which the two predominating nationalities,who settlers. participated in the settlement,were more equally divided than in the eastern end of Franklin county in the territory out of which was formed the township of Washington. At an earh'day the Scotch-Irish pioneers were in the vicinage,but following fast upon their heels came their German brothers.When Johnston and Roddy took up land and settled down to make a home,Crunkleton and Sniyely,in neighborly proximity,followed their example. If the Scotch-Irish found a journey along the yalley from the Susquehanna west of the mountain,albeit a dangerous yet a profitable one,the Germans also discoyered that a journey across the mountain,although equally dangerous, was equally profitable.Step by step,in steady increase,^'^-*^'^i"<55. the settlements grew,as the vesting of land titles in in- dividuals became more frequent.In less than a quarter of a century,the jirincipal part of the most desirable land Note is. 68 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER III.^vas vested in owners by proper assurances in law,and the land records of the Province were soon i^-emino-with many palatinate German and Scotch-Irish names. According-to the best anthoritv now extant.Antrim Rupp., .. township,which embraced the territory afterward named Washing-ton township,contained,all told,at the time of the formation of Cumberland county,one hundred and thirty-three taxables.The three decades which followed were marked by a rapid increase in the population,so that shortly after the formation of Franklin countv the total ^^^*taxables in the orig'inal territory of Antrim township amounted to five hundred and eighty-six.and in Wash- ington township alone the enumeration reached two hun- dred and sixty-three. In connection with the first levy of taxes in Washing- ton to^^"nship.under the jurisdiction of the new countv of Early rates and .^.....' le^-ies,and origi-Frauklin.it is interesting to note that the value of land nal land values."^ was fixed at about ten dollars per acre:that there were returned four hundred horses,five hundred and thirty- three cows,and,enumerated amc^ng the animals,three slaves.There were also se\"en gristmills,seven sawmills, one oil mill,eight stills,and two tanyards.The total tax deri\-ed from the township le\y amounted to about six hundred and sixty dollars. From a historical and genealogical standpoint,too Early taxables. ^;ll^|^;h importaucc caiuiot attach to well digested records of original land owners and early taxables,collated after Note 10.the formation of the county of Franklin.Students of lo- cal histor}-and genealogy count the time well spent which jjp^p j7 is devoted to the critical examination and analysis of mat- ters of this character.The first assessment lists of Wash- ington t(n\nshi])are particularly suggesti^•e. An irrepressible lu traciiig tlic liistory of American civilization,from its birth in the old world to its sublime apotheosis in the new. the investigation of necessity becomes deeply involved in EARLY SETTLERS.69 the lurid narrative of the tragedies and the Hghter story chapter of the intrigues which were incidents of the irrepressiljle, three-sided conflict between power ecclesiastical aiming at perpetuity,with power temporal,struggling to main- tain life and a policy of expansion,upon the one hand,and the conscience of man,slowly awakening to an enlight- ened knowledge of its God-given right to control action. upon the other. in. A world-wide field. August 24,1572. Henrj'IV.,1752. The narrative is one of absorbing interest.The field of action embraced all Europe in its scope.The forces of Intolerance were bivouaced in France and Germany,in England and Scotland,and in Ireland. \Miat of France ?The world had stood aghast in con- templation of the fearful crime of St.Bartholomew's eve. Then word of hope was whispered again through the pent up valleys,shadowed by "the long waving line of the blue Pyrenees,"when the Bourbon of Xavarre approached,by slow advances,the throne. But for a brief space only the merciless hand of perse- cution seemed to be stayed.The edicts of Poictiers and Nantes,although accomplished facts,proved but promises 1577, to the ear,to be broken to the hope.I\r}'indeed followed Moncontour,but was only a last errant ray of light from the rapidly closing storm clouds.The white plume of Navarre,no longer the "oriflamme"of persecuted Protest- antism,but the disgraceful symbol of an abjured faith, "went down in dust and blood"before the assassin's dag- ger. Darker and more threatening grew the storm clouds of persecution,while anon the death-dealing bolts fell thickly,after the second Bourbon,weak son of a fore- sworn father,dead,and a wicked mother,living,came to Louis xiii.11 1 1 •,1 •11 1 1610-43. the throne ;a mother and queen regent with unbridled ambition,the while advising and controlling a weakling,Marie de Medici. May 14,1610. 70 CHAPTER III. Cardinal Richelieu. Louis XIV. 1643-1715. Cardinal Mazarine Oct.22,16S5. In England. Elizabeth. 1569-1603. Woful .\llies. WAYNESBORO. and afterwards chastising a rebellious son.whilst a prime minister,a man of strong intellect and daring purpose, schemed for and finally attained a vantage ground of power,whence he,"for eighteen years,controlled the des- tinies,not only of France,but of Europe." The reign of the third Bourbon,the Dicii-doiinc ((lod- given),better known as "The Great,"was a fitting sequel to that of the last.Again was presented the spectacle of a masterful ecclesiastic,the power behind the throne, shaping the political ends of the most powerful nations of the earth.During this reign,the policy of oppression and suppression culminated,and the repeal of the edict of Nantes gave the coiip-dc-gracc to Protestant defenses and transferred to a new field altogether —the Palatinates of Germany —the king's operations in the line of his ambi- tious achievements,w^here the life of Protestant France had already gone to seek,at least,a temporary asylum. Turning from the contemplation of the revolting nar- rative of the crimes of selfish ambition,and the carnage and desolation which followed in France in those days,to England,where the doctrine of the "divine right of kings" was being maintained from another but an equally selfish standpoint,is but to find there also libertv of conscience in bonds and languishing. The remarkable reign of the second queen regent,and the last of the Tudor line,advanced,it may be,on certain lines,the cause of Protestantism,and enriched the w'orld in literature and art,but over all was the trail of the ser- pent of Intolerance.Elizabeth and Mary were central figures in the w^orld's history,but wdio can count the cost to humanity and civilization of that long continued con- flict between them,in wdiich unholy ambition,jealousy and hatred were allies on both sides,with foul murder at length enlisted on the one side to close the issue between them,and aw^aken the Catholic world to action,and to EARLY SETTLERS.7 1 add fury to Protestant persecution on the Continent.In chapter m. England,Scotland and Ireland,conformity to the reh- gious forms established by Elizabeth was made the test of loyalty to the young sovereign.Religious persecutions now became common.]\Iany non-conformists were put to death ;many more were imprisoned.Determined men of uncompromising conscience have made up their minds that if a change does not come,and that speedily,home and country nuist be sacrificed. Then came the last day of the "Elizabethan Age." Death,the invincible conspirator,closed forever,with his March 24,leos. heavy hand,the eyes of the queen,and the son of Alary Stuart,in waiting across the Scottish border,became England's king. ^^"^'^^ It was not without foundation,based rather more in the promises made by the new king than in confidence as to his strength of character,that great hopes were enter-in'^icfn'^'^jamTs^ tained of King James by the Protestants.Had he not called the church of Scotland "the sincerest kirk of the world,''and had he not severely criticised the service of the English church as "an evil said mass?"But there was born in him a spirit which the troublous times which he knew only fostered the more.Vain and weak,he was just the one to be deeply impressed by the teachings of the doc- trine that what the king did was done bv the direct hand'A hope not fully of God,and that he could do no wrong.Add to this the realized. power of an ambitious longing for greater adulation and greater glory,and we have a character little fitted to cope with tlie stupendous problem with which the greater minds of mankind were,at the period,busy.Protestant- ism owes much,it is true,to King James of England,but the promises of his early reign were never fulfilled.Pie sowed seeds of civilization in Scotland and Ireland,and made it possible for the descendants of the Ulster man to have a name and place to-day in the history of the great struggle for liberty of conscience and freedom of thought. 72 CHAPTER III. Progress of civilization. WAYNESBORO. It is impossible here to trace,step by step,the history of tlie progress of this great movement which tinahy led to the exodus of men of conscience from their homes in the Old World to seek a refuge in the new,and there to scat- ter the seeds of freedom. Ebb and the tide. flow of America haven. Anglican libertv. idea of Lieber. The ebb and flow of the tide carried these men of con- science from their homes in England,in Ireland and in Scotland,many of them to the Continent of Europe,there to meet a stronger current of humanity fleeing from the dangers which beset their German homes ;seeking safety where safety should haye l)een,in England and Scotland. So the current from England swept back again,and swept on across the broad Atlantic to the fertile shores of the new laufl \\hich ])romised for the future a life of safety. To analyze and to tell particularly in the case of each of these peo])]e,what was the strongest force which im- pelled them to emigration,is impossible.But whether religious persecution,tyranny of home goyernment,pov- erty or sickness was the cause,it is certain that all eyes turned toward the new world of America as a ha\'en of rest. The mo\ement to the New ^^^orld was a general move- ment,and i)artook almost of the nature of a revolution. That there was underlying it some ])rinciple and some great idea,cannot be doubted,and the careful student of all the facts must come to the conclusion that that idea was the great Anglican idea of li1)erty. It has been too much the practice to look only at the superficial cause of this great movement,and to leave un- sought the prime cause underlying. This Anglican idea of ci\il libert\'has been defined to be "a guaranteed protection against interference with the interests and rights held dear and important by large classes of civilized men,together wuth an effective share in the making and administration of the laws which secure KARLY se;tti.e.rs.73 that protection."This was the underlying principle of the chapter hi. American Revolution,as well as the motive power which impelled the immigration which made the American Revolution a possibility. The scope of this narrative will not admit of entering The peoples of ^^the Cumberland into the further detail of the history of the people which ^'''I't- settled America.But it remains to speak of the particular relation of the two peoples who settled the Cumberland Valley,and to inquire into the different character of their advancement there. This was due,first,to the peculiar character and methods of the Proprietary government of Pennsylvania, and second,to the temperament,language and personal peculiarities of the two peoples. The Scotch-Irish,who,as is well understood,were the characteristics of the Scotch-Insh. people from the North of Ireland,were natural soldiers, but they were inferior husbandmen.They spoke the English language,having that advantage,at least,over their neighbors,in their education.They were apt letter writers,and,as a consequence,were in frequent corre- spondence with the officers of government,and early be- came office-holders and agents of the government. The Germans were not natural soldiers.They were characteristics of tillers of the soil;adepts at all trades that catered to the wants of man,or utilized the products of the soil.They were men of culture,too,but they spoke and understood a different language from that of the new government. They were without experience in clerical and govern- mental business,and,as has been indicated,were unskilled in fighting,and man}'of them were adherents to non-re- sistant principles.This was the situation. But,in the nature of things,these two peoples,tenants Amalgamated^'r 1 )Scotch-Irish and in common of the territory,surrounded by like dangers,t^"-"!""stock. and each day bound more closely by the bonds of common interest,and,later,by the stronger bonds of esteem and respect which,as time went on,resulted in frequent inter- 74 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER III.marriage,could not fail to become united in all that goes to make up a homogeneous society.So it was :and to- day there is no stock of citizenship,within or without any State of the Union,that is stiu'dier and more reliable,with more notable representatives in State and Nation,than the amalgamated Scotch-Irish and (icrman stock of the Ciunberland A^alley of Penns^hania.and,as has been be- fore stated,in no section of the Cimil^erland \alley has there been a more equal amalgamation of the two races than in the southeastern part of the present Franklin county,\A'aynesboro and vicinage. Unjust criticism.It cauuot be too much regretted that there are those who don the garb of the historian and,unworthily pro- mulgating their own superficial thought,as historical fact, unjustly and severely criticise these good people.There are historical truths h'ing under the shadows of error, born of superficial examination,which,when the search- light of exhaustive,imbiased investigation is turned upon them,stand forth in their strength to challenge error and, in some instances it may be,to wdiolly change the precon- ceived order of things.The more closelv the student of local history applies his thought to this subject,the more deeply impressed must he become. CHAPTER IV. THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN. WAYNESBOEO AS A SKTTLKMENT,VILLAGK AND IXCORPORATED BOROUGH. THE bravery,indoinital)le perseverance and self-sacri-chapter iv. ficiiig spirit of tlie pioneers of civilization,who ^uieasin- planted the first settlements and towns in the re- *''™^^- mote parts of Pennsylvania in the heart of the cherished domain of a sa\'age people,where danger and death lurked,not only in mountain and forest,but stalked in the open valley at noon-day,are themes which always chal- lenge the particular notice of a grateful posterity,and de- mand some passing attention at the hands of the his- torian. Energetic representatives of the Anglo-Saxon race, who.in the earliest days of settlement,penetrated into the heart of Kittochtinny Valley and.step by step,secured and maintained a foothold there,are entitled to the credit of being,in a large sense,the pioneers of American civili- zation.The impress which they left upon the Cumber- land Valley of Pennsylvania is manifest to-day :the story of what they accomplished for the nation at large remains to be w^-itten. The territory stretching from the North to the South Mountains,and lying contiguous to the southern line of the Province,possessing the natural advantages of being well watered and fertile,and withal situated approximate to the settlements in Maryland,attracted thither at a very earlv.perhaps the earliest,dav of vallev settlement,a lit- tie coterie of brave and determined men.who came to stay ;at peace,if might be,at war,if necessary,with their Pioneers of civilization. 1734. 76 WAYXESBORO. CHAPTER IV. Joseph Ciunkleton, Jacob Snively, James Jolinston, James Roddv. IT-Jo to 1765. Intel--coinni union. A natin';il mar- ket. 1761. A road demanded. Indian neighbors.It wa.s not long until "Conococheague Settlement,"which was the nucleus around which new- comers located their land,became a point of importance as an outpost of the Province,and a settlement of promi- nence in Cumberland (afterwards Franklin)county. An impetus was thus given to settlement in the Cono- cocheague region in the taking up of numerous tracts of land in the neighborhood,and,particular!}-during a given period,in the southeastern portion of the comity in the section of Antrim township,out of which Washington township was organized. AA'ith the assured hope of permanent settlement,here as elsewhere,attention was soon directed to that subject upon which,to a large degree,the success of any settle- ment depends,and which man's interests,as a civilized and gregarious being,in a great degree demand,namely, a means of easier connnunication with his fellow-men for social intercourse and defense,a method for the inter- change of the products of the soil and,as well,a way for their transportation to an adequate market. From its geographical situation,Baltimore Town,par- ticularly in the first days,was looked upon as the natural market or business centre for the territory lying contig- uous to Maryland and between the North and South mountains.At an early period a commercial ambition was awakened among the inhabitants,particularly in the southwestern part of the then county of Cumberland,now known as Peters township in the county of Franklin.An outlet in the shape of a passable road,which might result in an advantage to them in many ways,was demanded. On to Baltimore Town. As the outcome of the action of these people in peti- tioning the court of quarter sessions of Cumberland county —in the jurisdiction where the territory then lay— Land values cn- hanotd. THE PLAXTINX OF THE TOWN.77 for the appointment of viewers to determine the direction chaptkh i\. of a piibHc way which,in connection with branch "bridle viewois: , ' ,...•1 ,r -'o'ln Allison, paths,would furnish them with the means oi compara-Joseph Bradner,^\Vm.Holliday, tivelv easy esrress with their products to the town of Bal-James .Taok*^.lohn ilcClellan, timore,the road from the borders of Peters township,'^-^j.^.p^^^,.,,,^ thence bv "Conococheas:ue Settlement,"now Green- castle,by lands warranted by John Wallace (the elder), now Waynesboro,through "Nicholasses Gap,"in the South Mountain,and thence to Baltimore Towai,was pro- jected with all the formality which attaches to a like pro- ceeding in the court at the present day. It was the laying out of this road which,in a large part, gave value to the W^allace lands as a desirable locality for a considerable and permanent settlement,the nucleus of which,the outgrowth of the true pioneer spirit of the elder \\'allace,was already there. Ill the settlement which had by degrees grow^i up near the base of the South Alountain,not far from where the Antietam Creek lent fertility to the soil,the elder John \\'allace was.an important factor,and,as in those days the name of the most prominent land owner of the locality was by common consent attached to the settlement,it is not surprising to find the settlement around the Wallace warranted land bearing the name of "John W^allace's Town"or "\A^allacetown"until the close of the Revolu- tionary War.when it was given,in manner as will later appear,the name of ''Waynesburg." For nearly twenty years before the laying out of the road toward Baltimore Town,John \\"allace,the elder, held the title as warrantee of the considerable tract of . The title of John land u.pon which W avnesboro stands,and other lands ad-waiiaee,the jacent :the particular part upon which the town is now situated being known as ''Mount Vernon." \\'hile the war for independence was still in i:»rogress, Wallacetown. 174!J to 1751. elder. 78 \VAYNESBORO. CHAPTER IV. Jul}'1,1777. He dies testate. Note IS. Robert and George Wallace, their title. Jan.9,1779. "Feb.26,1783. and John \\'allace,the younger,was out fighting the bat- tles of his country under the direct command of "Mad Anthony"Wayne,John Wallace,the elder,died,having first made his last will and testament,in which he devised to his son,Robert Wallace,the particular tract of land with which this narrative hath chiefly to do.Robert,how- ever,kept title to the property only for a brief time,and then conveyed it to George Wallace,who kept title to it until shortly after the return of John Wallace,the younger,when he conveyed it to John,who proceeded to take steps to develop his future plan for laying out a town. Dec.21),1797. March 6,1798. April 4.1798. It is a fact that these conveyances from John Wallace, the elder,were all made simply upon the warrantee title, no patent as yet having been taken out from the Com- monwealth for the land.And it is also a fact that John Wallace,the younger,proceeded to lay out his town plot without a patentee's title for the same.The proposals were drawn up and formally signed nearly three months, and entered of public record nearly two months before the patent was issued. Note 19. Proposals. The proposals were specific in terms.The part of the proprietor's land laid out was described as being "along the countrv road leading from Greencastle-to Baltimore threw John ^^'allace's town called Waynesburg."The price of the lots was fixed at ''five pounds specie per lot on the main street,and six pounds five shillings specie per lot on the crossroads.'' As a ground rent,"one dollar of the United States,or the value thereof in specie,per lot yearly and every year forever"was reserved,"payable to the said John ^^"allace, his heirs and assigns forever for the said lots."This ground rent was not to begin to accrue until the proprie- tor had secured from the Commonwealth a patentee's title for the land,and bound liiniself in the sum of one So WAYNESBORO. cHAPTKR IV.thousand pounds specie to each lot purchaser to faithfully comply with all the covenants of his g"rant. As appears from the draft which accompanied the pro- Note 20.prietor's proposals,ninety lots were placed upon the market. The first deed from John Wallace entered of record for The first deed. ^^^^^^f ^^^^^^j^^^^^^.^^^^^Hcurv Smith ,shoemaker.It Dec.28,i7'j7.gavc him title to two little lots on the south side of Main street,the one a front lot,designated in the draft as num- ber forty-nine (drawn out first to the number twenty- nine).The other was a back lot adjoining number forty- nine,the two containing half an acre and five perches. The price paid for the two was ten pounds specie. •Tan.10,1798.Michael Corkery (or Coskery).merchant,is the next grantee of record.He was a man of no mean importance, and was the most considerable purchaser of lots.His deed passed him title to ten lots,namely,numbers one, eight,thirty-seven,thirty-eight,fifty-five,fifty-six,fifty- seven,fifty-eight,fifty-nine and sixty.These lots were among the choice lots of the town,and the best authori- ties seem to fix upon lot number one,owned by Corkery, on the southeast corner of the scjuare,as the site of the first house built in the town. Rupp. T799. 1797 to 1811. AA'ith the next year followed a continued line of con- veyances,passing title from John Wallace to sundry lot holders,until the record was completed in legal form for a large number of lots in the original plot. During the next decade and nearly a half,the infant town of Waynesburg grew apace.The name originallv given it b}-its patriotic proprietor in honor of his old com- mander was iealouslv maintained bv him,althoucdi an- other W'aynesburg (now'Bloody Run.or Everett),just across the line in Bedford county,persistentl}-contested the honor with its neighbor to the eastward. ^ib (Jnbtnfure l^ajtT i h j»H Qr^.\ *n iAf year of our £ord one pknt^ajtd ce^n^ndred and funefy l^^if'^Ueef^i ^•^^'^^rauacf.of ^PacAin^^sTnhicna^p,tn e4ccoti^y of ^raiUAn arui Jiate of S^oirusyfvania.of t^Cne ^rt.and ^7ic JGj^^fA /»*^^f,"/(a .^t.^^^->^t^*a -_ of f^CtA^r ^art.^t^Wil^(^jotd^o^.n '^Vai6uo AaiA-^avd out edo^n caf/ed9raymjSnry,int^toxifruAip,^uity a-nd aldU afare^atd, hp o uriiUn tract ar-^uct of Cind cacud Jrwunt 'v^nen.caniatiuny one ntt'^'^ed and runety^t^ne ccrcj artd one Aundred and fortu^nt perc^cJ tH^alC^waiU^,i7f ^iFOFr^^tr cent,far roadj,^t-trfucA <Ai ccmmcnwea^tAof ^erkiuiytvarua ^y patent SeartM da^at ^^/izde/pAut tA<fourtA daycfJtprittj^tpa^t,yr^nUd and axufirmed untc iAe aotd j^'oAn9i^a6Soee.ta Ao£d ta A*m.<e/f,AuAariandofitaDf^orevtr,at^toavdAu aaid paUni enrot&d tn tAe €tef(j^Gffu-e fr.r iAe ffate of'^aruyfyan.-a u>^a4e-nf=AcoA ^^S3,pact 562,may more fu/Zu ami»t &lTge ap^ ^ar.9?(m»tl?i^3^^f^tUrC IPltncf^Ctb tin /L aeud Jc^n^fa^lice far artd m camjtdfrat^n of -^.^^^^^^^^/^^^y^ ttHcfutmoJU-y cf .^Pinn-^yfyJjua,to Aim tAe tia^d JoAn Jlj^iAjce wft/arid tni/y ta Aand paid Ay tAe ,iaid .v'2^^^/A.oJC --tAe reteipt u-Aereofu AereAy acAnotffCed^ed,.V)iltp f ranted.Aaryained artd ooCd and Ay tAeje ure-iienL^^^X\S yanf,Aaryain a^^eAA untc tAe ^''aid ^^^J^//lf^--——aAf tAat u't^n J^lfr ^.eceof ^rauiid,du'ti-nyiu.^^d and AajtffintntAe yenerafpAan of aoid tote^,wAi?^ pCin ij recorded at GAamAeraAurg,tn tAe offuc for rtcoMiny of deedi far And tn t^isuj^ty of^ranASn aforesaid,in AooA3),pa^e 26 $,^o 7& oituate on tAe &>a^T'<}tt^of p--^~e/^-^-street,Aounded and deJcri^Si a^foC(pu'-ta wit ^Bcymnin^at a podt at tAe t^-^-^Jf^cf/^n^iK:*^ tAe iTTtpTo-xment-3 a^appttri^naace^wAaCjoeyer t-Aeraanio AeA:>nmna or tmaay vt^e 3ppert4l^»*ng,unto tAe omd ^^t*-'.-Ae/''-*^—_ Ad J Aedf.'dnd afjtyrtj for fv^cfu^ci tc tAe yearly ground-rent of one Opaa^A nnA/ed doAAar .tc Ae paid to tAe oa^UaAn'>VaA&£e,or to At4 Aeirj,cistgnj err 4vMeAjorj,year Ay and e>ery year on or Aefjre tAe ftrj^^y of ^^Cay to every year for ever ,Jt nd tAe aaid ^oAn ^l-atA3e», for AiTn^ieff ajid At..'Aem,exetutora.adnuiujtra^r'a ami ettry of tAem,aft^ayat^ut oAAand every ciAer person or perJ^m Aarrfuuy cAtirrk^py tA^ fiome,•sAaltan-i teiff varranf andfar erer defend Ay tAeje pr»jentj 3n 9l\tn-e^.'viereof.tie jaid ^oAn ^Pa^Atfce AatA Aereunto ati At4 Aand aud jeaA.tAe day and year firAi aAcvc i^ntteix 3 £J LI D U D I L/yi KI D ^-^L J^^^^^^L^n tCtlVLOfm ibedsr o/tbc diu of ite tbotc IcMlcnigrc.ibc fm of ^.^ /.^^^.. •7:,:.iU»<.c,.<Jy.f' pEKbUNALL\(ppured bcfvte at i>>r Tubrir^bei.cnr or \\t |uD>c< jnd in (lid counir,Te^a Wa'i*ti ind *ckno«1cdgcd ihr aborf radcnilii aB ind Deed,and dcTurd tbti (be Uac mighi be recorded i<fLich I > vbcrco',I bi%<bonuDU)fci a>v bud ud ful.ibr d*t lod vcar 6rf!ibovr » .^> Proprietor's Deed for Town Lot. (6) 82 WAYXESBORO. CHAPTER IV. Death of John AVallace,Jr., Mav.ISll. His heirs. Value of his es- tate. March 12,1S17 Note 21. After a full cjuarter centiir}'of acti\'e work in tlie pro- nuilgation of his plan of town settlement,and with die plan well under way.the proprietor.John Wallace,at an apparenth'unexpected time,now died.The land of which the proprietor died seized consisted of about eio:htv-three acres outlvino-and one lot in the town as laid out adjoining Hans Gordon. John A\'allace left to survive him neither wife nor chil- dren.His heirs were his brother,(jcorge Wallace,and six children of his sister Rebecca,who had been twice mar- ried,tirst to John Irvin.and second to John Hogg.These children were John Ir\"in.Rachel Hogg,who married Jo- siah Sterritt :Xanc}'Hogg,John Hogg.Sarah Hogg and William Hogg,the two last mentioned being minors at the time of the death of John A\'allace. The land left by the proprietor was valued as follows : The outlying tract at three thousand eight hundred and five dollars and forty-three cents,and the lot in town, bounded in front (on the south),by ^lain street,west l)y lot of Hans Gordon,east by ^Michael Miller,and on the north l3y an alley,at two hundred and fi\e dollars and fortv-one cents. Under partition proceedings,the land of John Wallace was disposed of for the benefit of the heirs above men- tioned,George Wallace taking part of tjie land at the ap- praisement,which was made by some of the best residents of the locality. Thus passed away the founder,but not before his little town had already begun to aspire to the future dignity of a borough. In the light of the fiattering ])romises of future pros- The proposed in-.,,^-i-i i • i • corporation of pcritv tor tlic btatc ot R eiinsyhania and its component Wayiieshiirg. ' . " . parts which the opening days ot the present century gave, 1S18 to 1831.it is not to be wondered at that both rulers and people were seized upon to a remarkable degree by the spirit of THE PLAxNTING OF THE TOWN.83 speculation in the line of internal improvements of every chapter iv. character,particularly such as could be more expeditious- ly exploited by means of corporate franchises granted by the State. It was this spirit of speculation which,in those earlier A ^p""'*of ^p^u- ^lation. da}s,led the proud Commonwealth of Pennsylvania into tangled paths near to where the shades of dishonor fell, from which she was extricated only l)y the sterling quali- ties of those who were called to the control of her affairs when the crisis was upon her.The unjust aspersions to which she was then subjected,however,still linger in the memory of some who do not scruple,unfairly though it l)e,to whisper "repudiation"in connection with her hon- ored name. By the outbreak of the second war with England,the rapid growth of this spirit received a check ;but it was a temporary ,,,.,,.,cheek and reac- only temporary,and soon after the close of the war.with tion. an activity in this line more marked and feverish than ,„,^^,^„,1815 to 182o. ever,the people became literally engulfed in the sea of speculation.The tide turned towards the State Legisla- ture,which was overwhelmed by demands for corporate charters.Turnpike,bridge,canal and lock navigation conupanies,and other corporations sprang up in nuinbers under the fostering care of the State.Thriving towns and villages floated in on the tide,and received corporate charters with borough privileges,and among the number charte^-s. (whether prematurely or not,who can say),the then per- manently established and steadily growing town of ^^^aynesburg. ,\t this time Franklin county was a separate Senatorial igis. and Representative district,and was represented in the for^harfer/'''''T-1,-^11 1 i\i T-K-i ,First effort,Jan. legislature,in the lower house,by Andrew Robeson and 26,isis. Stephen ^^'ilson ;in the Senate by James Foe.In the House of Representatives,Air.Robeson presented a peti- tion from sundry-inhabitants of the town of Wavnesburo- 84 UAYNESBORO. CHAPTER IV. Journal H.R., 1S18-19,page 300. Jan.27,1S18. in tlie count}"of F'ranklin,that said town niav be erected into a borough.The petition was read and referred to the mem1)ers from Franklin county,with leave to report b}'bill or otherwise. The next day,Mr.Robeson,on behalf of himself and colleague,reported a bill,number one hundred and sev- enty-two.entitled "An Act to incorporate the town of ^^'a}'nesburg",in the county of Franklin." The bill was this day read the first time,and ordered to lie on the tal)le,where it was not reached before the final adjournment of the then session,which took place the next dav. Second effort. Dec.1S18. Journal H.R. 1819,page 58. Dec.9,1818. Deo.11. Dec.12. In the session of the Legislature which followed,the Franklin county district was still represented in the Sen- ate by James Poe,but in the House Andrew Robeson had a new colleague in the person of Ludwick Heck. Among the early business of this session,on motion of Mr.Robeson and Mr.T^eck,it was,"ordered that an item of unfinished business relating to the incorporation of the town of \\'aynesburg,in the county of Franklin,l)e re- ferred to the meml)ers from said county." Two days later,Mr.Robeson reported the result of his own and colleague's labor in a bill,number twelve,en- titled "An Act to incorporate the town of W'aynesburg, in the count}'of Franklin."The bill was read the first time and laid on the table. Agreeably to order,the House this da}-resolved itself into a committee of the whole,Mr.J.Cochran in the chair,for the purpose of considering bill number twelve, and after some time the speaker resumed the chair and the chairman reported the bill without amendment. In due course the House took up the bill on second reading,and the first section was considered and agreed to,wdien a motion was made by Mr.Bond,and seconded by Mr.Gilmore,to dispense with the further reading of the remaining sections,and that the l)ill be read by its THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN.85 title.Upon this question the yeas and nays were required chapter iv. bv Mr.Thackara and Mr.Coxe,both of Philadelphia,and opposition de- .,,,veloped. both opposed to the measure,with the result that the yeas were sixty-two and the nays thirty-three,and the bill was thus passed by its title with a majority of nearly two to one. The meagre records which remain disclose little with ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ onism. respect to the cause of opposition to this act of incorpora- tion,but a careful analysis of the subject would seem to indicate that opposition,to a degree,was grounded in dis- approval,in certain (piarters,of the name chosen for the new borough.The vote on second reading showed that seven members from Philadelphia comity,four from Bucks,five (a solid delegation)from Chester,four from Lancaster,two from the Berks and Schuylkill district,one from the Armstrong,Indiana and Jefferson district,one from Lebanon,one from Beaver,one from the Allegheny and Butler district,two from Delaware,two from Adams, and three from the Erie,Crawford,AA'arren,Mercer and Venango district,opposed the measure. During this period the three localities in Pennsylvania ^ote 22. which contended with the Franklin county town for the honor of the municipal name,Waynesburg,were (Treene countv,with its couiitv seat so named ;Bedford county, Note 23. with a Waynesburg or Bloody Run,and Chester county, with its native home of the Waynes,indifferently men- tioned at times as "Waynesburg"and "Waynesborough," the last mentioned,however,being the proper ajipella- tion. Neither Bedford county nor Greene county appeared to have 1)eeii antagonistic to the measure ;on the con- trary,their representatives ^'oted for it.The most de- cided opposition came from Chester count}',in which the original Waynesburg or ^^^aynesborougll is situated,and 86 A\AVNESBORO. CHAPTER IV. Dec.14,1818. Dec.16,1818. Dec.19,1818. Dec.21,1818. Charter re- pealed. from the counties contiguous thereto.The remainnig op- position worthy of considering'came from the Erie dis- trict and surrounding territory the locaHty where the famous general died and was first buried,and wherein he was their first hero after old General John Armstrong. It is a reasonable deduction,therefore,that the locali- ties opposing were prompted in their action by a jealous desire to guard from too common use the honored name. The opposition from Adams county,just across the mountain,ma}'be attributed to the fact that "a prophet is not without honor,save in his own country."or.may- hap,to the jealous ambition of some thriving but yet im- incorporated town in the vicinage. The bill of incorporation encountered no further oppo- stion in its passage through the house.After its third reading and passage in the lower house,it was messaged over to the upper branch,and there considered upon first reading the same day.The second day after,it was read the second time,and ordered to be prepared for third reading.Three days later it was passed finally without opposition,formally compared and presented to the Go\'- ernor for his approval,and within two days Governor \\il- h'am Findlay aftixed his signature thereto,and it became a law. The charter for A\'aynesl;)urg.thus promptly secured by the faithful work of Franklin county's representatives in the Legislature,was destined to l^e short-lived :whether it was that the little mountain-shadowed town was prematurely and ill-adA'isedly endowed with corporate powers,or that proceedings under the complex and am- bitiously enlarged terms of the charter grew to be vexa- tiotis and a burden to the men of simple methods who dwelt under its jurisdiction and endeavored to abide by its ternis.cannot now be definitely known :but.be that as it mav.this,at least,is certain that the W'avnesburg charter. the;PI.ANT1NG OF THE TOWN.87 within five years after it had been secured,had en-chapter iv. gendered sufficient antagonism to warrant the presenta- tion of a petition to a subsequent Legislature "from p^,,-,^g^18,4, sun(h-v inhabitants -of Waynesburg,Frankhn county,prav- . ' Jounuil H.R., ing that the Act erectmg the town mto a borough may be uas. repealed." Frederick Smith,Esq.,one of the best representatives which Franklin county ever had ;Robert Smith and A\'il- liam McClay,were the members of the House of Repre- sentatives,and John Rea was the Senator from Franklin county at tliis time.Mr.Frederick Smith presented the repeal petition of "the inhabitants of Waynesburg,"and it was referred for action to himself in conjunction with Representatives Wykoff and Ryan as a committee.This committee prepared and presented to the House a l)ill of repeal,known as number three hundred and five,which, upon presentation,was read the first time.It was a bill February 14. of absolute repeal.It passed with expedition,and with- out opposition,through the se\'eral stages of legislation in both House and Senate,and finallv received the ap-^March 30. proval and signature of Governor J.Andrew^Shultz. Thus abruptly and absolutely ended the first experi- ment of W'aynesljurg as a borough.For a period of five years,and longer,no movement was made in the direction of securing another formal act of incorporation.Then.Feb.4,isso. near the close of a session of the Legislature,and too late Journal h.r., 1829-30. to be acted upon at that time,the matter was again agi- tated.Mr.John Coxe,one of the members from Frank- lin,his colleague being Mr.Frederick Smith,presented a petition of AA^aynesburg people,praying the Legislature to grant a charter,difi^erent in certain respects from the act of incorporation formerly enacted and repealed.Of what these alterations consisted,it is not now possible,in the absence of records,to absolutely determine,Init,from a general view of the subject,the inference may l)e drawn 88 AVAVXESBORO. CHAPTER IV. Opposition to re- vival. Feb.15,1S30. March 10,1S30. 1830-31. Dec.13,1S30. Dec.21,1S30. tliat the chief alteration related to the scope of territory and bonndaries to l)e inclnded within the corporate limits. That there was a lack of unanimity among the people of A\'a}-nesbnrg".with respect to this renewed effort to secure a charter,is evidenced by the fact that within a short time after the presentation of the petition in favor thereof,the speaker (Mr.Frederick Smith,of Franklin), laid before the House "a remonstrance from sundry in- habitants of the town of Waynesbur",-,in Franklin county, against erecting said town into a borough." All effort to ascertain the grounds upon which this re- monstrance was based has proved fruitless. After due consideration of the matter in the committee on corporations,Mr.David Hassinger,of Philadelphia, the chairman of that conunittee,reported l)ill number three hundred and sixteen,entitled "An Act reviving an Act incorjiorating the borough of W aynesl^urg.and changing the name thereof to AA'aynesl)orough."At this session,the mo\ement did ncjt achance beyond this intro- duction of the bill into the House. /\t the next regular session,Franklin county was repre- sented by its tried and tru.e members,Frederick Smith and John Coxe,with DaA'id I'ullerton,widel}'known and highly respected for his attainments,as'Senator. There seemed to l)e.in the present House,an entire al)sence of the opposition to the Waynesburg corporation l)ill which liad manifested itself at the former session,and at his earliest opportunit}-,Mr.Coxe called up "the item of unfinished l)usiness"relating to the incorporation of the town of Waynesburg.and secured its reference to the conmiittee on corporations,of which Almon H.Read,of Philadelphia,was chairman.In a short time the measure, now known as "bill number twenty-eight."was fa\'orably reported from that conunittee by ]\Ir.Read,under the title Jan.19. THK PLANTING OF THE TOWN.§9 of "An Act reviving-an .\ct incorporating the borough of chapter iv. \\'avnesl)urg-,in the count}-of Franklin,and changing the name thereof to W'aynesborough." As in the case of the former,the present l)ill en-The act re- vived. countered no further opposition in the course of its pro- gress through the two 1)ranches of the law making power. Its consideration upon second and third reading and final ,TT .:I <-Dec.24,1830, passage m the House,was uneventtul routine.and .lan.4,issi. In the Senate,when under consideration of the "com-Trouble about the name. mittee of the whole."the old restive feeling with respect to the name again was manifested,and resolved itself into an amendment "making the name '\^'aynesboroug-h'read 'W'avnesboro'."and thus necessitating,the next day, upon second reading,a technical amendment to the title offered bv the ever watchful Senator Fullerton to make the title conform legally to the 1)ody of the bill.Third ^^^^^^ reading and final passage followed apace,and,as the amendments proposed l)y the vSenate were promptly con-^^^.3^ curred in bv the House,no delay was experienced in the formal steps necessary to I)e taken to place the 1)111 in the .jan.25. hands of Governor Wolf,whose undelayed approval thereof and signature thereto gave corporate life to the W'avnesboro of to-dav. In order to fullv understand the chartered i)rivileges Terms of the charter. of -Waynesboro,it will be necessary to remember that the last act of incorporation is simply an act reviving the re- pealed charter enacted at an earlier day.The original act xote 24. contains all the machinery,and the revived act chiefiy de- termines under what name and within what limits it shall be operative.From a comparison of the somewhat in- definite description in the original act with the rather ' ... , Note 2.5. more specific description m the re\-iving act.it can l)e readily seen that the original corporate liiuits were con-""'"•^"^'i i"^'*"- siderably enlarged. go WAYNESBORO. CHAI'TEH IV. Qualifications electors. Time and place of election. Style of the cor- poration. Penalties of de- faulting officers. OHicial oaths. Powers of Town Council. Town Clerk. Treasurer. Every resident for six months within the corporate limits,Avho was qnahtied to \-ote for meniliers of the Gen- eral Assembly,was entitled,nnder the charter,to vote for the first Chief Bur«-ess and members of the Town Coun- cil,five in number.The first election was fixed to be held "at the house now occupied by John Cochran,"on the first Monday of IMarch succeeding the passage of the re- viving act.but all subsequent elections were to be held as originall}-])rovided,"on the first Tuesday of Alay in every year."The Burgess and Town Council thus elected,and their successors,were declared to be "one body politic and corporate l)y the name and style of Chief Burgess and Town Council of the borough of (W'avnes- burg)AA'aynesboro,and shall have perpetual succession." Fitting penalties upon officers duly elected and accept- ing the ofiices,for failure to properly and faithfully per- form the duties imposed upon them,were fixed.All of- ficers,before entering upon the duties of their ofiice,were required to take and subscribe an oath "to support the Constitution of the United States and of this State,and to perform their duties with fidelity."These oaths were re- quired to be preserved among the records of the corpora- tion. The Town Council was required to meet,at least,quar- terly,on the third Saturday of April.July,October and January in each }'ear for the transaction of business.Full powers were granted to enact proper rules and ordinances for the government of the market and streets,and for all police regulations,the levying and collecting of taxes, etc. It was the duty of the Town Clerk to keep the archives, to be custodian of the common seal,and to preserve the records. A Borough Treasurer was also provided for,upon whom was imposed the tluties usual to such oftice,and the THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN.9 1 obligation of giving bond for the faithful performance of chapter iv. those duties. A High Constable was also provided for,and it was High constable. among his duties to give notice of the annual borough !,•1 iii ••1,.••Wm.Blakenev. elections,and,under the original act,two commissioners,john Fianegan. with the High Constable of Washington township,were appointed to the duty of publishing and superintending the first election to be held. Salaries not to be increased or di- court. A peculiar feature about the salaries of all the officers of ancient Waynesboro was that "salaries shall not be in-t"™'''"^ '^''""^ creased or diminished during the time for which said officers were appointed respectively."This is an inhibi- tion which is to-day one of the leading ordainments of the latest constitution of Pennsylvania with respect to the highest offices in the State. The Burgess and Town Council were constituted as a ^^^^Burgess' tribunal for the decision of the cjuestions arising under the charter,while there was a regularly constituted appeal from their decisions (except with relation to borough taxes and appointments to offices),to the court of com- mon pleas of the county. Misunderstanding of some of the provisions of the re- vived charter caused serious delay in organizing,and ren- dered absolutely necessary a supplement to the charter act the next year. The preamble to the supplement recited the fact that the day appointed by the act of the year before for hold- ing the first borough election "had passed before the citi- zens of Waynesboro had received notice of the passage of the said act,and no persons were appointed to publish said act." Jan.11,1832. As a matter of fact,the revival of the act was all too Legisiati^ superficially drawn,and did not re-enact with sufficient charter, definiteness the vital provisions of the original act.By 92 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER IV.fi^g supplement it was proxided that the first election of boroupii officers should be held on the first Alondav ofo- George Bashore."''Marcli eusuin^".aud commissiouers were appointed to superintend and ])u1)lish tlie election. 1851. borough law. Xearly a score of years had passed away since the for- mal incorporation of Waynesboro.The\-had Ijeen years in which the spirit of progress in the methods of g'overn- TJnder the gonenii ^'^^^'^^^ill Jts relation to the govemecl had quickened and broadened in general,1;)ut particularly along the line of the g"o\'ernniental theory,which is now one of the cardinal doctrines of our State Constitution,that general laws shall be enacted for the regulation of those matters in ^^•hich the pul)lic is generally interested,and that special laws for the benefit of individuals,or classes of indi\-idu- als,granting privileges that are the peculiar provisions of general laws,shall he prohibited. Note 26. Up to this pericKJ in a single line of corporate fran- chises,that of boroughs,there had l^een granted by the Legislature special charters,running up into the hun- dreds.These difi^ered materially in terms,at least so much so as to be wholly lacking in uniformity when con- sidered as a class. April 1,1834.\t a somewhat earlier dav,as a first step in the direc- The beginning of tiou of a rcmcdv for this evil,the Legislature enacted a general legisla-'.,..,. tion.general Jaw providing tor the incorporation of l)oroughs. The courts of quarter sessions,with the concurrence of the grand jury,in each county,were clothed with the power to incorporate towns and villages into boroughs, upon the petition of a majority of the freeholders therein, and also,upon application of two-thirds of the freeholders of any existing borough,to alter or amend the special charter thereof.In charters granted by the courts,the Officers.chief borough ofticers authorized were a Buro-ess and five members of Town Council.'JMie Town Council was to be Courts to incor- porate. the;planting of the town.93 a court of appeal only for questions in which were in-chaptkr iv. volved the assessment and cohection of taxes. By a supplementary enactment,the corporate powers ^^"'-^'^'^^^• of boroughs were fully defined and specifically set forth.Powers defined. Under the general law.regulating incorporated bor-june 2,i87i. oughs,was first put into operation the method of cunui- (ju^j^^^^j^g lative voting,which subsequently became a feature in the ^°"'^" choice of certain ofiicers under the State Constitution and enabling legislation.The n:embers of the Town Council could be chosen under this system,which did not remain March 28,ists. in vogue long",but was soon abolished. Sr..1 r i-r .^Formation of,_oon alter the ])owers 01 courts ot quarter sessions,wards. with respect to this class of corporations,were further enlarged,and they were authorized to divide boroughs into wards,which should each be a separate election dis- trict entitled to not less than one nor more than three meml)ers of Council. Under the provisions of the general borough law,all ^rbTLe^rgYd.^"^^ boroughs already created by special charter could be brought within its provisions,and be uniformly classed w^ith each other and with those to be created in the future ; a plan conceived in wisdom,and with all operations under it crowned with success. A\'aynesboro,at an early day.availed herself of the clmeThi"""" opportunity to escape from the unec|ual work of conduct- ing her affairs under a special charter,and notwithstand-April 15,i8.v2. ing the fact that the same was secured with so much diffi- cultv.rnd bv special Act of Assembly,came into full con- fonr.itv with the general borousfh law. ."5 In due course of time the expansion of the borough f;;rward.;^'''''"' rendered it necessarv.in order "to satisfy the convenience and confirm the interests ***of the taxpayers generally of said boroush."to have said l)orough divided ^larch 15,issn. 94 WAYNESBORO. CHAl'TKK I\. Hon.Jolni Stewart,P.J. Jacob Pensinsrer. A.B.Lauder- baugh. W.W.Britton. Sept.20,18S9. Statistical lebi- tions. The village. 1 797-1818. United States census. 1790. Note 27. 1800. Note 27. 1810. 1820. isnn. into wards :at least,so the petition to the court of quarter sessions of Franklin county recited. After due consideration of the petition,the Court ap- pointed three gentlemen from different sections of the county,one from Greencastle,one from Alercersburg,and one from Strasburg,as commissioners to divide the town into wards,as prayed for. By the report of these commissioners,which was dul}- confirmed bv the court,the borough was divided into three wards.Two councilmen and two school directors were designated for each ward,and each ward was made a separate election district. Wallacetown,afterwards W'aynesburg,in its incipiency, that is to say from the time when it was formally laid out bv its founder up to the time when the first steps were taken toward its incorporation into a borough,differed in no material respect from the ordinary settlement towns of the valley.Its growth was steady,and,perhaps,a lit- tle in advance of other portions of the county. At the taking of the first authorized L^nited States cen- sus,the population of the entire county of Franklin was fifteen thousand six hundred and fifty-five,and as an in- teresting historical fact it is here noted that of the number mentioned three hundred and thirty were slaves. At a second decennial census,the population had in- creased to nineteen thousand six hundred and thirty- eiofht,of which number one hundred and thirt\--one were slaves. In the next ten years,the number of inhabitants had increased to twenty-three thousand and eighty-three, with eighty-seven still in slavery,while in the succeeding ten years,the population increased to thirty-one thou- sand eight hundred and ninety-two. At the taking of the last decennial census,the popula- tion reached the number of fiftv-one thousand four hun- 1790. 1820. THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN.95 dred and thirty-three,showing more than a three-fold in-chapter iv. crease in population in one hundred years. A\'ith respect to W'asliing-ton township,the.first census shows the population to have been aliout thirteen hun- dred :the second.al)out two thousand and twentv-fi\'e; the third,two thousand seven hun(h-ed and nine ;and the fourth,four thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven. This indicates an increase of the population of the town- ship,in the ten years last mentioned,of two thousand and eighty-eight,or about seventy-seven per cent.During the same ten years,the population of the entire county of Franklin,outside of Washington township,had in- creased only six thousand seven hundred and twenty-one, or about thirty-three per cent. This was substantially the situation as to population ^^•^^• when W'aynesburg made its first application for a borough charter.Reliable information from which to derive ari exact account of the i)ersonnel and business of the town at united states this particular time is lacking,but from authentic sources 1820. it has been ascertained that in the township of AVashing- ton there were six hundred and ninety-six persons en- gaged in agricultural i)ursuits;eighteen in commerce,and two hiuidred and elex'en in the business of manufacture. The presumption is not too violent that a majority of those engaged in commerce and a number of the manu- facturers were within the limits of the town. For the twelve succeeding vears during which \\'aynes-Transition peiiod. burg waited for the evolution of its chartered rights in perfect form from the chaos of undigested State legisla- tion,the township continued to grow steadilv in popula- tion,while the town kept pace therein,thrived in its home building and progressed in its commercial enterprises. An observant chronicler within its gates took note of i^si. Gordon. the tact that it contained between one hundred and fortv and one hundred and fifty dwelling houses and places of 96 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER IV. Foniiutive period. 1831-1870 1840. business,'"chiefly of stone;""that its people worshipped in two ])rincii)al churches,the I'resbyterians and Lutherans in one,and those of the German Reformed persuasion in tlie other:and it was altogether a thri\-ing \i!lage,giving great promise for the future. The period of nearly fort}'years directl}-following the formal incor])oration of Waynesboro may.with propriety, be called the "formati\e period'"of the town;its business enterprises arose,cidminated and set in strict accord with the laws of progress and ever changing methods.It shared to a greater or less degree the financial and other distresses incident to the trotiblous times which,from period to |:)eriod.the colmt^in general fell into,particu- larly the war for the ])reser\"ation of the Lnion.which brought the army of an enemy to the very doors of its people's homes. The fifth decennial census officially fixed the poi)ulation of Waynesboro at eight hundred and fifty.For four de- cades there was nothing in the rate of increase in popula- tion to mark it as unusual.The figures of the sixth census were one thousand and nineteen :of the seventh, one thousand two hundred and thirty-three ;of the eighth, one thousand three hundred and forty-ti\"e ;and of the ninth,one thousand ei""ht hundred and eightv-eight. The golden age. 1870-1900. 1880 Phenomenal srrowth. 1890. But now.the conser^•ati\e.(piiet little town has reached a period in its history w hich,for want of a less poetic ap- pellation,may be st}ied the "golden age."Let the figures speak again.The first ten years of this period show little change in the percentage of increase of popula- tion.The census return fixed the figures at one thousand eight hundred and eight}'-eight.l)Ut mark the phenomenal progress;the outcome of the generall}'wonderful and eventful years which are tolled off to make up the fuii measure of the last decade. It almost surpasses belief that,albeit crystallized b}' o cc O CO CO LU z >< > cc. o h- *5^, 00 O cc O CO z >< O UJ > > LU CO Q GO '"^HE NEW YORK] '^"SUC LIBRARY. THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN.gg the deep-rooted conservatism of the locaHty,and after <^hapter iv. nearly one hnndred years,this ancient town shonld dis- card the methods of the past and,in a brief period of time, not exceeding-one-tenth of its whole existence,expand into a miniatnre city of three wards and more than donble its population.This is what Waynesboro has done.It is carried upon the latest census rolls with a population in its three wards combined of three thousand eight hun- dred and eleven,an increase of one thousand nine hundred and twenty-three,and an excess of eight hundred and eighty-five over the combined increase of the forty years preceding,which was one thousand and thirty-eight. "Comparisons are odious,"but,simply for the sake of fuller exemplification,the following comparison of the rate of in- crease of A\'aynesboro's population during the last ten years and the rates of increase of neighboring-towns,and of the count}-,for the same period,is given : Waynesboro,rate per cent,of increase,101.85 Hagerstown, "" 52.68 Chambersburg, "" 14 34 Carlisle, "" 22.73 Franklin county, "" 22.85 From this comparison,a correct idea of the phenomenal growth of AA'aynesboro during this period can be gather- ed. A local census taken in January,of nineteen hundred, shows the population of \\'aynesboro to be five thousand, eight hundred and one. The last ofticial census just taken shows the population woo. to be five thousand,three hundred and ninetv-six. CHAPTER V. LOOKING BACKWARD. CHAPTER V. Uncertainty of Waynesboro's past. Looking back- ward. B A picture of the valley. REillXISCHXCIiS AND KUCOLLHCTIONS OF THE PAST. ^'the lapse of time,the passing,under the inexor- able law of nature,of human witnesses,the vague character of the traditions remaining,and the marked abseiice of written records —conditions are created whicli conspire to render the reproduction in detail of the earliest past of Waynesboro a task difficult of accomplishment. There remain,however,insensate witnesses,the un- changeable mountain barrier to the eastward;the monu- mental rocks ;the ever-flowing streams ;the sadly curtail- ed,yet e\'er suggestive,renmants of the forest and the meadow^lands,here stretching away in a level plane,and there genth-undulating to the rugged sides of the western mountain.These challenge the thoughtful with their throng of associate memories,and command the observer from von eastern mountain height to hnd "tongues in the trees,sermons in the stones,books in the babbling brooks,"and suggestions of the past in everything. The investigator of early days who climbed the moun- tain to obser\'e the landscape and locate the pathway of ad\ancing civilization,was not gifted with imagination \'ivid enoug'h even to faintly forecast the picture of animat- ed l)eauty which causes the l^eholder of to-day to stand entranced upon the verge of the mountain crest,or upon one or the other of the artificial vantage points which modern enterprise has made a\'ailal)le within the cjuarter century just passed. The broad and smiling acres of farm lands :the well kept roadways,white with the dust of their ballast,belting the valley from mountain to mountain and iiaralleling the LOOKING BACKWARD.lOI mountains from ri\-er to river ;the sinuous streams,wind-chapter v. ing like ribbons of siher through verdant meadows ;the long'lines of iron road,along which through the distance the frequent trains are seen creeping to their destination ; the towns and villages,where are the homes of many men, clustering like coral islands in an emerald sea. One hundred and two score years have changed the character of the whole landscape,and have blotted from its face forever many landmarks which were familiar ob- jects to the eye of the early settlers. One of the best known localities in the South mountain in the early days,and one which was more frecjuentlv visit- ed than any other,not onl}-Ijecause it was the natural Nichoiass's Gap gateway from the valley to the country lying east and south of the mountain,but also because it was the most accessible of the early vantage points of observation,was "Xicholass's Gap;"sometimes called Nicholson's Gap. It was the point of convergence of many paths which led from the ^'alley and,later,of the more pretentious roads which were projected with the advance of ci\'iliza- tion. In the earliest times this mountain pass was bv turn a favorite rendez\'ous for scouting parties of hostile Indians, and an outpost,jealously guarded and sometimes stren- uouslv defended by the whites.It is a natural depression Its importance. or "gap"in the mountain,and was an objective point of all engineering enterprises from the tin:e when Mason and Dixon passed through it with their boundary line between Maryland and Pennsylvania down to the time when the turnpike through AA^aynesboro to Baltimore crossed there,and the later periods when the "Tape \\'orm Rail- way"of Thaddeus Stevens wriggled thitherward and the Western Maryland railroad utilized the pass with all its advantages to bring their line into Pennsylvania. The observant traveller,one hundred years ago,cross- ing the mountain at Xicholass's Gap,and resting there for I02 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER V, The outlook. Adown the mountain. Across the valley. 'Barrens.' A beautihil pano- rama. a survey of the valley,attracted by the promise of the distant view,would scarcely have noticed more than casually the few scattered habitations which then mark- ed the spot where Waynesboro now stands.He would have been attracted rather by the diversitied character of the landscape.Where now are cleared meadows, green with cultivation from mountain base to town boundary,then,the oak,the rock pine,the chestnut and the cypress crept down the mountain in thick growth to the very edge of the settler's clearing.Across the valley,as far as the eye could reach,was the green of foliage and undergrowth;in lighter tint,where grew the wild plum wdth other native fruits,and the luxuriant grass ;in darker shade,where stretched the broad belts of the heavy timber and prominently developed like great swaths mowed by a mighty sickle wielded by some giant hand,were the long vistas which marked the location of the jNIason and Dixon line ;and the narrower yet still well defined forest walls of the bridle paths and roads through the valley. To the northeastward the keener eye might have de- tected the presence of the low lying patches of prairie land,or "barrens,"near the watercourses,a humor of na- ture so infrequently met with in this particular section of the valley as to be scarcely worthy of mention,but more frequently to l:»e found as the bounds of "Lowther ]\Ianor" were entered from the southward,and again disappearing as the ri\'er l)lulTs to the eastward were approached. It was a beautiful panorama,fashioned by hand di\ine. cast between sentinel mountains and enfossed at either extremity with a broad bosomed river,most fittingly set l)v the ceaseless purpose of the Almighty for the early protection and the later development of this "garden spot" of the new world. There is nothing ujion ^vhich to base the belief that the LOOKING BACKWARD.IO3 Wallace family possessed to any greater degree than their chapter v. neighbors the hardihood and enterprising spirit which The first waiiace 111-11 r 1 r 1 \•settlement. are mseparable irom the character oi the successiul Ameri- can pioneer.Their choice of location was a felicitous one.They had little,if anything,to fear from the In- dians when the work of building the nucleus of "John Wallace's town"was actually begun.As frontier settlers they were not in position,it is true,to relax their vigi- lance,for ''many Indians"were still abroad,bent on treacherous exploit.The South mountain,after the per- iod of settlement,olTered fewer facilities for the opera- tions of the savages than did the mountain upon the other side of the valley,and it was only upon rare occasions that the Indians made hostile visits to the Antietam neighbor- hood,although such visits as they did make were serious enough in their results. As has been fully set forth in an earlier chapter of this The title, work,the land from which was laid out the town plot of Waynesboro was originally taken up by John Wallace, the elder,who,dying,left it to his son,Robert,from whom it passed by deeds to George,his brother,and from George to John,the founder,and was formally patented to John by the state authorities. John Wallace,the founder,must not be confounded Died March 5, 1839,leaving with John Wallace,his nephew,son of his brother,^?^^"' '^^^ Thomas,who took out a patent for lands adjoining his uncle at a much later date. Before the town was laid out it was marked by the Wal- lace home,an old-fashioned hostelry and a few primitive dwellings.The old Wallace homestead is said to be that which is now owned by Dr.Strickler,adjoining the Clay- ton farm east of town.The original house was a log one and the tradition is that it was converted into a house from an old Indian fort that stood there in very early vears. The old Wallace homestead. 3-^t-.t-^-^T^T-^ ^vl; --^*-A^-^-;:TOi^'tif^--&^n^^ W I"[i-^l/MTFrx-l I III w n»?.sr I IT -7-^' unEOiomsas^ll |'j|^'j[,i ^ 1^ •fiS^iO^iSsmEL^ LOOKING BACKWARD.IO5 The early gazetteers,not being possessed of the powers chapter v. of prophecy,passed \\'aynesboro by with very meagre notice:"A post town in Franklin county:""A village tSn'""'^^ "'"" containing several substantial dwellings and public houses." From the recollection of old citizens only is it now pos- sible to gather a description of the old town.The de- scription which follows is from the recollections of an old Reminiscences J^and recollections. resident of the town,who was familiar with its appearance James Null. in every detail as it existed upwards of fifty years ago, which is given in narrative form as follows : The town consisted of East and West Main street,Me- ^.The streets. chanics street going north,and Church street going south. Beginning on the southeast corner.Mechanics street \To\d town^ and Center square,he names the properties on that side of Mechanics street,then comes down the other side and goes out west Main street on the north side,coming back to the square on south side,and going out Church street and back,then out East Main street on south side and back to the square on the north side.This comprised the whole of the town when he lived there. The town on the north and south sides was surrounded oid residences and places of by woods.On the corner of Mechanics street and Center business, square stood the old stone tavern (Central House now). This place was kept by John Cochran,and was headquar- ters for wae'oners hauling from Pittsburg to Baltimore. Across the alley above the hotel stood the cooper shop of William \\'ilson.Next the cooper shop were lots be- longing to James Null's father,at the upper corner of which stood his one story log house in which James Null ^^^^ was born.On the other side of the cross street was a two story blacksmith shop belonging to James Null. Next house belonged to David Funk,a carpenter. This was a one and one-half story brick house.On the corner of an alley leading to Burn's Hill lived Eli Horner, a carpenter.There were no more houses on the east side io6 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER V. Up and down Mechanics street. Suggestion as to name of street. Along-West Main street. of Mechanics street.The first house on the west side at the north end l)elong-ed to Joel Hoeflich.Next was HamiUon's l^lacksmith and wagonmaker shop,employing about thirty hands,and on the same lot was a one and one- half story brick house in which Hamilton lived.On the corner of the Chambersburg road and Alechanics street was a two story log house,in which Polly Blackburn lived. Below this house was a two storv log house belonofinsf to Hamilton,and tenanted by Abraham Straley.Below Straley's was a two story log house owned by Nathaniel Wilson,and.later,by Jacob R.Welsh,a hatter,for whom James Null worked for about eight years.The next house stood at the corner of the alley next the square,and was owned by a Mr.Dettrow.and at his death came into possession of Mrs.Polly Gordon,his daughter.On the corner of Mechanics street,and opposite Cochran's tav- ern,was a little log house belonging to Granny Gordon, mother of Hans,Samuel and Alexander Gordon.This property was afterwards sold to George Basehore,who built there and conducted a store in it. Notice of the few dwellings and houses on this street and the great percentage of mechanics living there,may suggest to the mind how the street derived its name. In the northwest corner of the sq.uare next the house of Mrs.Gordon stood a log house occupied by Griffith,a tailor.Next this was the property of Samuel Gordon,a wheelwright. On the corner of AA'est Main street and Center square was Stoner's tavern (now National Hotel),a brick build- ing with a large arched driveway l)uilt through the build- ing for teams to have access to the yard in the rear. Michael Stoner was the landlord at this time.Above the hotel on West Alain street was the store of William Cooper.He was succeeded 1)\-William Davison and David Tritle,doing business under the name of Davison &Tritle.The next house was occupied b}'Shenafield LOOKING BACKWARD.IO7 f and Filbert,tailors.Shenafield was afterwards elected chapter v. steward of the almshouse and died there.The land on North side, which the People's Bank now stands,and from there to the alle}^at the Washing-ton House,belonged to Dr.Wal- ker,on which he had a dwelling house.On the alley above the Walker lots was John Smith's tavern stand (now Washington House).Next the hotel was the property of William Weagley,who had a one and one-half story brick dwelling standing back from the street and a saddler shop built out next the street. Above W^eagley's were,first,a two story weather- boarded log'house of Downey and sisters ;second,prop- erty of Jacob Wolf,a silversmith and clockmaker.Tames Ancient ciock- Null's family have in their possession a clock made by him seventy-five years ago.Third,the house of Daniel Disert, a shoemaker ;fourth,brick dwelling house and saddler shop of Daniel Crouse.On the land extending from the Crouse property to the alley stood the long one and one- half story log brewery;also the brick dwelling house of Jacob Ziegler.Ziegier was an uncle of George W.Zieg- ler,deceased,of Greencastle,Pennsylvania.Across the alley lived Levi Sanders,a son-in-law of Ziegler.The last building-on the north side of West Main street was the blacksmith shop of John Hollenberger,who was suc- ceeded by Levi and Jonas Sanders,who added a wagon - maker shop. At the extreme west end on the south side w^as a two story log house occupied by Allen Rippey.At the cor-^°^^^^''^^ ner of Main street and Hagerstown road was a lorick schoolhouse,afterwards owned by John Johnston,a gunsmith.There were no more houses until we come to corner of Main street and Leitersburg road.Here stood the one and one-half story brick dwelling and pottery of John Bell.On the opposite corner was a two story frame dwelling and blacksmith shop of Lewis Ray. Next was John Grouse's tailor shop,below which was I08 \\AYNESBORO. CHAPTER V.the dwelling of John Xoon,a moulder,who made the old- fashioned "Don't g'ive up the ship"stoves at Alont Alto Maker of "Don't fumacc.Between this house and the first alley was.first. give up the ship"^^. stoves.a Aacant lot;second,a log house of Smith,the hatter; third,a one story hrick house of ^^"illiam Fulton,stand- ing back from the street.Xext the alley was the cake shop of 3ilrs.Blair,a one and one-half story house,which was headqtiarters for cakes,candy.taftV and beer.Be- Headquarters for low this alley was a l^uildiug belonging to \\'illiam Fulton. * *tafifv' 'and lieer. "Phillip's"Bank was in this building for a \\hile.Xext was the weatherboarded house of Daniel Tritle.a tinner and coppersmith. X'^ext were two houses of Dr.Brotherton ;one a stone dwelling house,and the other a brick building,the first floor of which was used for store rooms and the second floor for a dancing hall.Funk &Stewart's,and after them Amberson's,store was in this building.On the corner of West ]\Iain street and Center sc[uare.opposite the Stoner tavern,was a lirick house in which John Stoner lived,and John Fisher also had a cabinetmaker's shop in the same building ;also the dry goods store of Daniel O.Gehr. In the sotithwest corner of the square was a brick N^ii'^clerked!double housc.belonging to Charles Smith,in the east end of which he kept a general merchandise store,which store James X'^ull entered as clerk. Going otU Church street,at the end of the Smith lot Going out Church ^yj^g ^t^^Q storv log liousc.belonging to Smith.Across street and back..^t>t-< the alley was a small house in which lived E.Slmgars, Methodist nicknamed "Goody"Shtigars.The next property was the one story brick Methodist chmxh,which was built while James X\ill lived in town.The last house on this side of the street belonged to Adam French. On the south side,the first building on the otitskirts of Old Lutheran the towu was the Lutherau church,a rough cast btulding church.^ ^ afterwards sold to the Dunkers.X'ext was Thomas Morehead's potterv at corner of Church street and alley LOOKING BACKWARD.IC9 (now Second street).In the next house lived Steven Fry.chapter v. Next was the l)rick house of Mrs.John Wallace. On the corner of Church street and the alley next the square was the jM'operty of John Clayton,a carpenter,and the father of Hon.James H.Clayton.On the corner of Church street and Center sc|nare was the dwelling-house of Alartin Funk.The first Town Hall buildino-was in•^Site of Old this corner of the square on Funk's lot;also the hat shop '^°"'""^^^• of William Dechert,who was succeeded in the hat busi- ness by Bechtel &Null.The postoffice also was here while Jacob R.Welsh was postmaster. On the corner of East Main street and Center square a journey through East was the weatherboarded house of John Fry,afterwards Main street. the Lewis Detrich property.On the east end of the same lot was a brick house occupied by Peter Grumbine,a sil- versmith. The l)uildino\s from Grumbine's to the alley above were first,property of Dr.Liggit,afterwards owned by Lewis Fahrney,who built a tannery on the lot ;second,log house of J.\\'ilson Riley,the hatter,where James Null hXr.^""' '^ learned the hat trade ;third,a brick house of Thomas Smith,chairmaker ;fourth,store of Henry Smith.^^^''• Across the alley was the property of Dr.John Oellig, who was a very prominent and successful physician at that time.Next to Oellig's building,and from it to next alley, were,first,house of Thomas Hollingsworth,a tailor;sec- ond,dwelling of Mrs.Stonehouse ;third,wagonmaker shop of Eli Harbaugh ;fourth,dwelling and shop of George Cochran,a carpenter;fifth,roughcast dwelling of John Miller.The alley at this point is now Broad street.On the corner of the alley was Harry Harratt's tavern.Harratt also conducted a hat shop here. Above this was a little log dwelling in which lived a man named Bowser.He was a lively fellow,and would "fiddle"for the )'oung people for dancing.On ac- count of the great number of dances and carousals held no WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER V. "Peale's Museum." Note 28. A high old time. The "Poor House." here the place Ijecame known as "Peale's Museum." During"one of the carousals.Bowser fell into a deep sleep,and the boys put him to bed in a back room,and while some of them danced in the front room the others tore the house down from over them,and Bowser waked in the forenoon with the sun shining-in his face.His ettects were then moved to the "Poor House"at the east end,which will be told of later. The first house above the next alley was a one and one- half story log house belonging to Abram Koons.Next was a wagonmaker and blacksmith shop belonging to Grouse.The last house on the south side of East Main street was an old log house,ninety feet long,which was called the "Poor House."It didn't seem to have an owner,and whenever a faniily couldn't get any place to move they moved into the "Poor House"where they paid no rent. On the north side of the street coming west,the first house at the foot of Cemetery Hill w^as a two story log house belonging to Lizzie Logan.Three very tall poplar trees stood in front of this house.Next was a one story log house of John Morganthall,which was still standing when James Null was last in A\^aynesboro,a few years ago. From here to the alley were,first,the house of Conrad Catholic Church.Sody ;second,roughcast house of Andrew McElroy,a hatter ;third,a vacant lot where the Catholic church now stands. Between this aHey and the next were several vacant lots,and the dwelling house and blacksmith shop of Henry Oaks ;also the dwelling of Mrs.Miller,which stood op- posite the Harratt tavern.On the alley running north to the stone schoolhouse lived James Riley,father of J. Wilson Riley ;below this house was the two story cabinet- maker's shop of General Burns,and dwelling house next to it in which Burns lived. Opposite Dr.Oellig's property was Clugston's tavern East Main street.North Side. Wliere General Burns lived. house. LOOKING BACKWARD.I I I stand.Next was a brick building-in which Bitner's store,chapter v. afterwards owned by Alexander Hamilton,was located.^"°^^^'^^°°^ In this same building a school-teacher,named Green, taught a school.From this building to the square were, first,a log house of Edward Flannagan,a shoemaker ; second,a one story brick house of Abram Row,a shoe- maker ;tliird,house of George Price,a barber;fourth,a two story dwelling of Magrow sisters ;fifth,the store of Thomas Yates,afterwards owned by Dr.John Oellig,Jr., who conducted a drug store here. On the Chambersburo-road a short distance west of t-> The nid Re- Mechanics street stood the Reformed church,a little log fonncd church. structure surrounded by woods.It was then torn down while James Null lived in the town,and a brick church built at the same location.Later Rev.Glessner was pas--^1843. tor. The stores mentioned in this description are all of the same kind,general merchandise,which included dry goods,groceries,hardware,whiskey and tobacco.The The character of" -_.o TV • 1 *^®stores; leading merchants mentioned were Davison &iritle. George Basehore,Charles Smith,Funk &Stewart,(suc- ceeded by Amberson,)Mrs.Blair's stand,and Daniel O. Gehr.Whiskey was sold in nearly all these stores.It re- tailed for a while at twelve and one-half cents per quart,Pnce of whiskey and its use. vet drunkenness and noting around the stores were some things unknown.In the store in which James Null clerk- ed in a place near the door were kept a pitcher of water and a large bottle of whiskey,which were free for the benefit of customers.It became necessary to refill the ^ bottle about as often as the pitcher. At the time of this description there were two military organizations in the town.One,called the "Blues,"was l^^^^^l^ °'"«''"' a flint lock musket company,of which Captain John Wal- lace was captain,and afterwards Captain Hollingsworth. The other was a rifle company,whose uniforms were green coats and large plumes in their hats.The captain of this 112 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER V. compaii}-was,lirst.Captain Jacob Bender,succeeded l)y Captain James H.Clayton. Muster ajs.Thcse military companies,and also the militia of the township (to which every one between the ages of eigh- teen and forty belonged)were compelled to muster or pay one dollar hue.Several days were taken for this each year,and it was always an occasion for a "big day"in the town. Life in the early -,.^.. days.j-vife m W a^nesboro m its early days was,naturally not as peaceful and free from excitement as is life in a ([uiet eastern country village of the present day.It par- took rather more of the character of the settler's life in the towns and villages of the far west of to-day.The mountain fastnesses in the neighborhood were safe hid- ing-places for lawless characters,who there concocted schemes for the undoing of the helpless settler and for their own aggrandizement. WeU known through all this section of country through the period of the revolution and down to later days was the notorious band of counterfeiters,highwaymen and Lawless charac-jiorsc thicvcs,who Carried on their depredations throughters.t'<-^ the territory extending from the borders of \'irginia through all parts of the Cumberland,Lancaster and Ches- ter valleys.Chief among these desperadoes were the Nugents,the Doanes and the Fritzes,and so extensive was their Inisiness as to furnish constant employment ior many agents all along the route and even into Canada It is not possible here to tell in detail the romantic history of these notorious characters,but mention has already l)een made 1))-others of some of their operations in the South mountain.A local writer entertainingly tells,in a chapter J.Francis of "Unwrittcu Local Historv,"published some time ago Bourns,M.D..^,',...,m a W aynesboro paper,oi the domgs or some of the con- federates of this gang. It was the pro\'ince of the brave settler to defend him- LOOKING BACKWARD.113 outlaw. self against every character of attack,and so it is that chapter v. when the presence of these members of the e'ansf whom t,,.,'o &"ihe cnptui-e of an the writer calls "the two brothers,Shockke,"was suspect- ed in the South mountain,an attacking party under the lead of Colonel James Johnston and 'Squire'John Bourns was formed,and the mountain scoured in search of the marauders.The colonel,with a squad of his daring troops,accompanied by 'Squire'Bourns,marched into the mountain,and thus entertainingly their exploit is re- counted : "A brief halt was made,then the march,or rather dash, was resumed,and up and into the mountains they rode, accompanied by citizens,until they had approached so near the hiding resort that absolute quiet became needful in every movement.Strategy had been planned,the countersign gi\'en out,and,dismounted,the party dixided, walking stealthily apart through the dense woods to sur- round the marauders'den or cave. 'Squire Bourns appeared rather as a non-coml^atant ;he simply had a staff in his hand.But for the night's dark- ness he might have been noticed,however,to w^ear at his side a bayonet,as he wore that weapon when a soldier under Washington three years before. The night waned,and the silence continued through the forest,interrupted only by the occasional bark of a fox, or the hoot of an owl.But as the morning began to dawn the soldier's intent ear caught from a little distance a rust- ling sound like that made by animals moving through the underbrush ;and c^^uickly its cause w^as revealed in the ap- proach of a man whom Bourns in the twilight mistook to be one of his party who wore a military hat ;and by the planned whistle he called for the countersign.This was not returned,and,being in doubt,the canny Scot started toward the man whom he followed until the o-rowino-light proved the fugitive was bent on eluding him ;and he im- mediately shouted the battle rally for his party to hear and join him.Being fleet afoot,'Squire Bourns gained on the disguised marauder,wdio proved to be one of the brothers,Shockke,and he ordered him to halt and sur- render.The man,without halting,looked back,mutter- 114 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER V. The Nugents. March 25,1780. A price on tlieir heads. Note 29. Note 30. November 22,1782 A capturer's pe- tition. ing an angry reply ;and making a misstep he fell to the ground,when the 'Squire,'coming up,had his bayonet instantly in use to keep his burly foe from rising.Within a very few minutes Colonel Johnston,with the rest of the loyal party,rode up ;when the march was started upon down the mountains homeward,with the prisoner in com- pany." The Nugents,who were among the chief leaders of the band,after evading arrest for a considerable time,were at length captured and paid the penaltv of their crimes. Joseph Reed,president of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania,issued a formal proclamation, offering a reward of five thousand dollars for the captiu^e of Benjamin Nugent,AA'illiam Nugent,John Rosborough, Charles Johnston and Dr.John McCartney,or one thou- sand dollars for the arrest and safe delivery of either one of them to any county jail. As before stated,the Nugents were all captured,and as a matter of interest it is here recorded that William Nugent w^as captured by Ephraim Hunter,of the county of Cumberland,who presented his petition to the Su- preme Executive Council of the state,and claimed the reward which had been offered by the government.He set forth in his petition: "That your petitioner hath lately apprehended and safely delivered to Henry Miller,Esq.,High Sheriff with- in the Goal of York County the above named William Nugent as by the said Sheriff's Certificate herewdth pro- duced will appear.That the value of the said one thou- sand Continental Dollars in hard Money agreeable to the Scale of Depreciation does not appear to be more than Six pounds seven Shillings &sixpence together with four Dollars expences attending the delivering the said Nugent to the Goal afs.which together amounts to Seven pounds seventeen Shillings &sixpence hard money. Your petitioner therefore Prays that your Honor will be pleased to pay him the said Sum of Seven pounds seven- LOOKING BACKWARD. teen Shillings &sixpence hard Money and he as in duty chapter v. bound will ever i)ray,&c." 115 Accompanying-the petition was the re- ceipt of Michael Gray- bill,gaoler of York county,for the body of \\'illiam Nugent, w h i c h receipt was properly dated. There was also add- ed the certificate of Henry Miller,sheriff of York county,to the effect that William Nugent had been de- livered to the gaol of that county by Thomas Gold and Ephraim Hunter. These marauders of early times are said to have a place in litera- ture.It is believed that one of the Doanes was the original of "vSandy Flash,"a char- acter in the "Story of Kennet." A Philadelphia w-riter of quaint fiction,in the earlier part of the present century,is also said to have had in his mind the Nugents when he wrote his entertaining story of "The Hawks of Hawk Hollow." Octohei-12,1782. Janiiaiy 6.1783. Bay.ird Tavlor. Dr.Bird. (8) 116 WAYNESBORO, CHAPTEH V. Artificers of the Revolution. John Bourns. Note 31. William Dennine'. A State monu- ment. 'S(iuire John Bourns was a notewortli}-man in nian\' res])ects,and has a ri\-al in another noted ])atriot of the Cnml)erland \alle}'in inijxtrtant work which was perform- ed for the American cause (kirino-the revohition.It o-oe? without saving"that the American armv stood in great need of an artiHery serx'ice,and the men who were so pro- ficient in the art of iron working as to l)e ahle to turn this sturdy mineral of the mountain into an engine of warfare were indeed,profitable serv- ants of their country.At his little forge under the shadow of the South mountain,he carried on the business of |<^y~^p^^"S"^making wrought iron cannon for use in the rexolutiouary war,and although he was compelled to share the honor of this work with another patriotic artificer,yet he is entitled to his full meed of praise. At his little forge at Mid- dlesex,A\'illiam Denning car- ried on the same business, and,more fortunate than his modest competitor,Bourns, he attracted public attention, and was e\en,it is said,known not only to the com- mander-in-chief of the American army,l)ut the British conur.ander as well had learned of his exploits.An effort was made to corrupt him with liritish gold,and to bu}'hi-^ ser\'ices for the enemy,but no auKiunt of British gold could ha\e corrupted men like Bourns and Denning,or caused them to betray their belo\'ed country. The State of Pennsvh'ania has recognized,ho\ve\'er tardib'.the ser\ices of Denning by erecting over his grave A Man of Iron. LOOKING BACKWARD.H7 at Xew\i]Ie a nioniimenl,telling of his deeds,but so far.chapter v. notwithstanding-the equal merit of John Bourns,no pub- lic recognition has been made of his services. It is a pleasing story,but alas,it is simply tradition,a pieasins tradi- that the name under which the thriving l)orough at the foot of the South mountain is now known took its rise from the fact that "mad"'Anthonv Wavne,the old revolu- Denning Monument. tionary general,ere whiles visiting the spot,expressed his admiration for its beauty by exclaiming,"What a beauti- ful i)lace for a town !" It would be a pit\-to shatter a tradition as pretty as this,'^-A jinet s interpre- and the historian mav be excused for withholdine his *"*'""^•'^'''"f- hand,jjarticularly since a native son of the old "burgh" 1 1 T 11 111 -1 /TAi , ^ ColoiK'l Smith D. has so Ijeautitull}'told the story m rhyme.i he rhyme Fry. is as follow's : Il8 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER V."What a beautiful place for a town!" Said brave "mad"Anthony Wayne. "What a beautiful place to build up a town!" He said it again and again. A soldier and statesman was Anthony Wayne, A man of well-earned renown; He was blessed with the eyes of a seer to discern "What a beautiful place for a town!" Grand Anthony Wayne has gone to his rest, From the land of the leal looks down, And he says to the angels around him up there. "Look at beautiful Waynesboro town!" The people are proud of their first grand centennial. No king is more proud of his crown; And Anthony Wayne has a pride that's perennial In beautiful Waynesboro town. So dofif every cap and lift every bonnet To Anthony Wayne of renown; We'll praise him in speech,song,story and sonnet. For giving us Waynesboro town. CHAPTER VL PHYSICAL BEAUTIES. .MOrxTAIX",FOREST AND STRE-\M. FEXNSYLVANIA'S mountains lend a remarkable chapter vi. charm to her natural Ijeauties which is not possessed tj^^mountains of in like degree by any other of her sister States,p^'^"^^-^^'^"'^- There are lacking,it is true,the frequent and high-tower- ing peaks of New England :there is no suggestion of the frowning cliffs,the dark and unfathomable recesses of the Rockies :and the heart of the observer is not stilled bv an awe-inspiring grandeur which is inseparable from the stupendous canons and mountain ranges of the far west.Note 32. Yet the mountain chains of Pennsylvania,clear and brio-ht in the distance,with the color they have borrowed from the sky,as they rise and fall in their gentle undulations, framing in the beauties of valley and plain as with a mighty garland,never fail to awaken the heart of the artist,and to tune the tongue of the poet to song. The mountains of Pennsylvania cover six thousand Their extent, seven hundred and fifty square miles,or nearly one-sev- enth of the total superficies of the State. The county of Franklin is remarkably begirt by the most attractive of these mountain ranges,and the South^'The Soutli Mountain,at whose feet the town of Waynesboro nestles,fountain, is the most remarkable of them all. Between the Susquehanna and Potomac rivers this range is termed the South Alountain ;in Virginia it forms its appellations, the Blue Ridge,and,entering the northeast part of Georgia,trending away,it is gradually lost among the sources of the Chattahoochee river. This remarkable chain enters Pennsylvania on its southern line,and,stretching north between Adams and course!'^ I20 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VI.Franklin connties,reaches the southern angle of Cumber- land,where it turns northward,and,extending towards the Susquehanna river,separates Cumberland from Adams and York counties.About six miles below Har- risl:)urg it is broken through by the Suscjuehanna river; again rising below the mouth of the Swatara creek,it crosses the southern angle of Dauphin count}-:thence, known as the Conevvago hills,it sei)arates Lebanon from Lancaster county,enters Berks and reaches the Schuyl- kill river at Reading.It continues through Berks,Le- high and Northampton counties,passes Allentown.Beth- lehem and Easton,below \\hich last named place it is interrupted by the Delaware river.Completing its course,it extends through Sussex county.New York,and is finally terminated in the Shawangunk on the west side of the Hudson river. In the i)articular vicinity of Waynesboro the South A Mecca for the Mouutaiu prcscuts somc of its most attracti\'e features. Nature,assisted by Art,has made it possible for the genu- ine lo\er of natural Ijeauties to find a Mecca in its summit. where the kindly mother of all.enwrapped in her gran- deur,can be worshipped to the fullest. Impressive as is the view of the landscape from the mountain top,no less so are the l)eauties of the forest- shaded plane,the glens and the ra\'ines which en\'iron its base.Here dark pines and hemlocks,with ferns of tropi- cal growth,deepen into cypress shades,or light up in the glimmerino-ravs of the sun,whilst thin-branched larches spread their boughs like webs of gossamer before the trees of deeper hue.Lender all is spread the velvety moss, dotted here and there with numerous springs which sparkle like jewels as they refiect the errant rays of sun- light which pierce the shade. It is easv for the imagination to people the dark spots under the trees,the deep recesses in the mountain side, or the sinuous i)athways which lead summit-ward with lover of nature. Glens and ra- vines. Note 33. How peoi)led in the past. oH < H Z O to U Q < <:u su p( <! >j •u >< o Pi 2 U i-l o < H 2; D O 122 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VI.the characters identified \vith them in the different periods of past existence.Again appears the stalwart form of the dusky Indian.Again is heard,scarcely discernible on the mossy carpet and almost drowned l)y the laughter of the neighboring streamlet,his stealthy tread,and,in harmony with the wild cry of the beast of prey from its distant lair, echoes through glen and across glade his shrill war- whoop,and the notes,in minor chord,of his defiant death song, i^e^^o^f "leim^ary Now,iu kaleidoscopic \\e\v,passes by the long proces- story and song,^j^j^^^^.j^^lierocs and heroines of legendary story and song,which,born of the superstition of a simple folk in the past,people the mountain from the Chattahoochee on the south to the borders of that other romance land on the north,the Catskills.More vivid than all the rest in pano- ramic presentation are the sad episodes of slavery times, when the underground railroad had right of way through this mountain,and many a fugitive,having escaped from his shackles,gazed from its summit upon the north star, which pointed the way to his freedom. The .\ntietam fo divcrsifv and add additional charms to the surround- creek. ings,two Streams of water of almost equal volume,the headwaters of the old Indian creek,the Antietam,born of the mountain springs,seek and find channels which take course through glen and glade,by brooding moun- tain pass,to their junction farther south. The southeastern portion of the county of Franklin is not as well watered as the central and western portions. The east and west branches of the Antietam and,a few- Marsh run.miles to the westward,the tributary.Marsh run,are the water features of the Waynesboro locality,which were potent factors in determining the choice of the early settlers. Marsh run,for some distance,forms the natural boun- dary line between Washington and Antrim townships. Note 34. PHYSICAL.BEAUTIES.123 From the earliest days of the Indian occupation of its chapter vi. banks down to the time when the armies of the blue and gray engaged in deadly conflict for the possession of the An hi.stonc old stone bridge which spans its waters near Sharpsburg, Maryland,the Antietam has been a historic stream,and it possesses,as well as the neighboring mountain,its full share of traditional and legendary lore. It seems to be a fitting sequel to the stories which are associated with this locality concerning the cruel entrap- ping of fugitive slaves in the days when capture and return to slavery were sanctioned by law,that,by the banks of the Antietam,should have been fought one of the most important battles of the war which made these slaves free, and by a strange fatality,too,it is a fact that on the banks of the Antietam and in the neighboring glen,sheltered by the South Mountain,was enacted a sad tragedy connected witli the first steps which were taken,however ill-advised, to l)ring about the freedom of the slave. No story of Antietam would be complete which did not recount the tale of the wanderings of the fugitives from the provisional army of old John Brown at Harper's Ferry,and the tragic capture of Captain John Cook,one of the most daring and reckless of subordinate officers m that ill-fated attempted insurrection. The battle of Antietam. It will not be possible here to tell the story of the Har-^he wandenno-s per's Ferry insurrection,which was so closely identified perry^insurrec'^......-11 •1 T ^1 -1 •;'tionists,and the witli localities neighboring to Waynesboro;an identifica-capture of cap- tain Cook, tion which was of a most serious character so far as the town of Chambersburg-is concerned.It was at Cham- bersburg that John Brown,in disguise and under the as- sumed name of Isaac Smith,carried on some of the most important of his prelinfinary operations.It was at that point that he received and shipped into the mountains the arms which he was gathering for his intended warfare. 124 CHAPTER VI. Tlie doomed town. Owen Brown. WAYNESBORO. and it was the town of Chaml)er.sl)nrg"which was the ol)- jectiA'e ])()int of the fugitives who escajjcd the vengeance which had ])een ])repared for them l)y the government which considered their actions nothing"short of treason. It is an open secret that the Southern peojjle ne\'er for- ga\e the town of Chaml)ersl)urg,innocent as it was of any knowledge of the jiresence of the great conspirator,or of any compHcity in his operations,for having,even un- wittingly,harbored him.and when the arm)-of Lee swept ncjrthward with thoughts of retaliation upon the Xorth for the destruction of property b}'its arm}'in the south, the ill-fated town of Chambersljurg was rememljered for its acquaintance with John I^trown.and was doomed to utter destruction. A\dien Owen Brown and his companions made their es- cape from Harper's Ferry upon the failure of his father to carry out his plan of freeing the slaves,he sought a pathway to the north through the passes and hidden ways of the South Mountain. Of his companions,none seconded his efforts at escai)e better than Captain John ,Cook.Init,unfor- tunately for the partv and most disastrously for him- self.Cook could not restrain his impetuosity and his de- sire to take unwarranted risks.The story of this partv's journeyings tjirough the mountains reads like a romance and cannot l)e told in better language than that of Owen Brown Inm- self.The entire party,of which ()wen l]rt)w n was leader, and which were all that were left from the slaughter of that dav when the fearful attack was made upon the en- Captain John K.Cook. PHYSICAL BEAUTIES.125 gine house at Harper's Ferry,consisted,besides Owen chapter vi. Brown,of Barclay Coppoc,Frank J.Merriam,Charles Plunimer Tidd.John E.Cook,and Osborne P.Anderson, colored. It is not possible here to follow these fuiritives from the ,,.,^^Ralph Keeler in time thev started until they reached their destination,but -^i-'!"^''^' ^'""t'^'y- it must suffice simply to speak of their wanderings throug'h the South Mountain territory,with which this narrative has to do. The town of Chambersburg was a sort of Alecca for the wanderers,because they believed if they could only reach and i)ass that place they would be safe. The narrative of Owen Brown is taken up at a point where a locality has been reached that is not far from Chambersburg;the record of the earlier wanderings is omitted : "Before sundown that same afternoon our lives were ^^^en Brown's .narrative. miperned m what seemed to me at the tmie a most wanton manner.Cook had brought with him an old-fashioned, one-barrel horse pistol,once carried by General Wash- ington.Cook got possession of it,when he and Stevens made Colonel Lewis Washington prisoner at Harper's Ferry.Well.Cook took this old pistol and strolled off shooting it around in the neighborhood.This enraged Tidd,who ordered him peremptorily to stop.Cook said he knew what he was doing and would not take orders „,,,,„<3 Cook s reckless from him.T am carrying out the storv of our being hun-conduct;and ters."Cook said,-The quarrel was going on loudly and angrily.They were fast coming to blows and pistol shots when I rushed between them.Coppoc assisted me.Mer- riam lay quietly on the ground.It was not easy work to separate Cook and Tidd,but we finally got them still. They were both fearless men.and had faced many a gun; thev agreed to have it out when thev could do it without endangering others.There is really no knowing whether one or both of them would not have been killed in this feud,if it had not been for the events of the succeeding day. In the course of that night we came to a wide creek quarrel. 126 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VI. A hard road to travel. Cook goes for provisions and does not return. which we had to ford.Cook's boots came off so hard that I offered to carry him across,if he would cHng to my boots and luggage.His weight,the two bundles,fotu^guns, revolvers and ammunition,upon my bare feet on the sharp stones were unendurable.I told Cook I must drop him,and drop him I did,about two-thirds of the way across.He got wet,but kept the guns and ammunition dry.A\'e crossed two valleys and a momitain and got into the woods of another mountain before day.I was especially anxious to get as far as possible from the place where Cook had bought provisions.The forest now seemed so extensive that,after resting a while,we thought it safe to go on by daylight :and we traveled on in what we considered the direction of Chambersburg till the middle of the afternoon,seeing no traces of inhabit- ants.All day long,wdienever Cook and I would get a little in advance of the others,he talked to me about his qtiarrel with Tidd,making threats against him.His an- ger seemed to increase rather than decrease.He talked also a great deal about the prospective meeting with his wife and bo}'in Chambersburg.I remember as if it were yesterday,I told him his imprudence would be so great that he would never see his wife and child again. We stopped at a clear spring that afternoon,and ate the last of the provisions bought the day before.Then the boys said it would be a good time to go and get a new supply.]\Iore earnestly than ever I tried to dissuade them,but to no purpose.They outnumbered me.Coppoc w^anted to go this time.I said,since they were deter- mined that somebodv must s^o.Cook was the man most fitted for the mission,and I gave him money,and the same red silk handkerchief.He left e\erything but one re- \-olver,and took his leave of us,as nearly as we could judge,between three and four o'clock in the afternoon. As I have told you before,we had no timepiece in the party.I don't know whether it was before or after this, that we lost all reckoning of the days of the W'Cek.That will be my excuse if I have got them wrong in this narra- tive,and that,too,will give you some idea how bewilder- ing fatigue is,and hunger,and a couple of States on the lookout for you,eager for your blood.Cook hadn't been o-one lon<2"when two ravens flew o\-er our heads,croaking News of his cap- PHYSICAL BEAUTIES.1 27 dismally.You may think it queer,but it struck every chapter vi. one of us as a bad omen.We waited until dusk,but Cook did not return ;we waited till dark and star- light,still he did not come ;we waited till nine o'clock, till midnight,and still he did not come.He might have got lost,we thought :and we lingered about,calling and watching for him till at least two o'clock in the morning. Cook never came. We knew nothing of his fate till more than a week af- terwards,when,as I shall tell you farther on,we got hold of a newspaper one night at a Pennsylvania farm house,ture and read of his capture.I have heard since that,going along in a clearing,he came upon two men chopping wood,and told his hunting-party story to them,asking where to buy food.They appeared very friendly,offering to go and show the way ;and they walked along talking socially,one on each side of him.The report says —but I do not believe it —that Cook told them who he was.At a given signal they rushed upon him,seizing him bv the arms.They must have taken some such advantage of him,for if he had had half a chance he would have killed them both.He was,as I have told you,I think,already, the quickest and best shot with a pistol I ever saw.Any- how,poor Cook was taken that night to the Chambers- burg jail,fifteen miles away.We knew we were about fifteen miles from Chambersburg,because Tidd had gone—very recklessly and without consulting us —down to the road that afternoon,and asked a man wdio happened to be passing.The nearest village,the man said,if my bad memory of names does not deceive me,was called the Old Forge.The name of one of Cook's captors I have for- gotten,the name of the other was Hughes.They got the heavy reward offered for him.and drank it up in bad whiskey,as I have heard,and were both killed in the rebel army." The story of the capture of Captain Cook has never coi.Alexander k. AIcOlurG been more truthfully and graphically told than by the gentleman who acted as Cook's legal adviser when the un- fortunate man w^as brought to Chambersburg a prisoner. It is from an interesting story by him that the facts upon f,|°e'^ °^"'^''^P" 128 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VI.which the following narrative of the capture is based are derived. \A'hen Captain Cook left his companions the last time to go in search of food,he wandered down the mountain and entered a ravine,where he stiddenly came into the Cook goes to his - , - ,, .^^i a r ^\i^. fate.presence ot a number ot men.belonging to the Mont Alto furnace company,who were engaged at work there under the supervision of Cleggett Fitzhugh.who was manager of the furnace,and a man with strong southern sympa- thies.There happened there at the same time one.Daniel Logan,who had stopped for a brief conversation with Fitzhugh.Of Daniel Logan and his brother.Hugh.Col- onel McClure speaks as follows: "Among the sturdy population of the mountaineers on the southern Pennsylvania border was a family of Logans. There were two brothers,both shrewd,quiet,resolute men.both strongly Sotithern in their sympathies,both natural detectives,and both trained in the summary ren- dition of fugitive slaves without process of law.It was common for slaves to escape from Maryland and \'irginia into the South ^Mountain,whose broken spurs and ex- tended wings of dense forest gave them reasonably safe retreat.Their escape would be followed by hand-bills, describing the fugitives and offering rew^ards for their capture and return.These offers of rewards always found their way into the hands of Daniel and Hugh Logan,and manv fleeing sons of bondage were arrested h\them and quietly returned to their masters." His delivery to Tlic uufurtunate Star of Cook was certainl}-in the as- "'^'' cendancy when he came so unexpectedly into the pres- ence of this company.The story which he told them was plausible enough.,and might have satisfied an ordinary wavfarer,but men like Logan and Fitzhugh could not be deceived by it.They saw that this was no ordinary hun- ter from the mountains.It was Logan's keen detective instinct which at once suggested Captain Cook,and caused him to silentlv comnumicate the information to his o cc O GQ CO LU z >< LL o > <r O h- co I O CE o QQ CO LlJ z >< < UJ < — (- z < CC LU> O LUO 9 CC CO Q _l o THE NEW York) PUBLIC LIBhARY ASTOR,LENOX A '0 TILDGN FOU DATI3NS. PHYSICAL BKAUTIKS.I3I companion.Cook's reqnest that they would inform liim chai'tek vi. where he could ol)tain provisions was at once answered by Log-an with all the coolness of his nature,and he im- mediately proi)osed that they go to his store,which had no existence in fact,for the supply of provisions needed. The manner of his rece])tion threw the wil_\-Cook entireh' ofT his guard,and never dreaming"that his identitv was even suspected,or that he was walking into a death-trap, he fell in between the two men to go in the direction in- dicated l)y Logan,and,before he was aware of even an antagonistic thought on the part of his companions,his He is over- arn^s were ])nnoned,his weapons were useless,and all his cool brax'ery and daring of no a\ail.He was told,in re- ply to his demand why they had arrested him.that he was Captain Cook,and.substantially admitting the fact,he tried his best to purchase his freedom from Logan bv of- fering him an amount largely in excess of the reward which had been laid u])on his head ;l)ut he was not in position to proxe to Logan that the promises which he made could be carried out ;so he was taken to Chambers- burg,and through a combination of unfortuitous circum- stances which prevented I^ogan from finding Colonel Mc- Clure and taking his adx'ice before he was compelled to make known the fact to the officers of justice that he had captured Captain Cook,the brave young outlaw fell fast into the clutches of the law. ^\'ell advised jilans were jirepared to aid Cook in mak-pums for his es- ing his escape,but the untimel}'arrival of an oflicer of justice with a recpiisition which had been prepared in the name of Captain Cook for the arrest of another party whose identit)'with him had been mistaken,set all these plans at naught,and the unfortunate young adventurer u'as taken away from the jail in Chaml)ersburg l)ack to \lrginia,and there paid the ]:>enalt\'of his misguided con- duct.Kind hearts were touched b\'the sad story of his fate,but,as an officer holding a commission under John "'^"''^*''' Waynesboro's caves. 132 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VI.Brown in his plan of insnrrection,he came within the meaning of the law which declared him to l)e a traitor to his conntr}'.and his ])unishment folloNNtd as a natural consequence. Among the other natural beauties,or rather,more properly speaking,natural curiosities about Waynesboro are the "Caves."Brief descriptions of these caves have appeared from time to time,but the one which seems to in'M^cwey's"'^'"^ost couciselv (lescril)e them is that upon which the fol- "'^*'""^- lowing description is based : The largest of these caves is near the Maryland line, about one and one-half miles southeast of Wavnesboro. This cave lies at the northern extermity of a high ridge, running northeast by southwest.The entrance is at the base of the ridge,and leads in a southerly direction,being not exactly parallel,with the course of the hill itself.The entrance of the cave is only large enough for two persons to walk in at once,by stooping a little.On passing- through the entrance an apparent vestibule,of say thirty feet in diameter,and fifteen to eio-hteen feet hieh,is reached.Then ascending a few steps just opposite the entrance,a defile averaging alwut four feet wide,and seven to nine feet high,extends to a distance of about one lumdred yards,to a clear and beautiful stream of water, gushing up from between the wall of rocky formation,on the east side of the passage.This stream then takes the regular course t^f the cave,which seemingly becomes nar- rower,and the water shows a considerable depth. Crossing this sul)terraneous stream,and clanibering up a short distance a small room is found,very interesting and lieautiful.being ornamented with innumerable crystal formations —stalactites and stalagmites —which sparkle profusely,when illuminated by the light of torches or candles.Just over this little room there is an opening, into another passage,similar to the first,already de- scribed,leading to a distance of perhaps one lumdred and PHYSICAL BEAUTIKS.1 33 thirty yards,when it bcomes so narrow as to render fnr-chapter vi. [her exploration impossible.The cave,from beginning to end,is one of much interest.It is commonly known as "Needy's Cave." There is also a verv remarkable series of underground .V"!"?^"^ • .1 i. •i'r Waynesboro. passages,or mmiature caves,under certani portions ot the town of Waynesboro.The entrances into these caves are through arches in the foundation walls of a numl^er of houses of West Main street,the south side.These arched entrances are used in summer as refrigerators,being made very cool by a constant current of air from the caves.The l)est entrances are in the cellars of Dr.J.N. Snively and Mrs.Sarah Brotherton. Strange to say,these passages well represent the streets of a town,leading in numerous directions,and often crossing each other at right angles,thus enabling visitors to start at a given point,and,proceeding around, again return to the place of starting. (9) CHAPTER VII. REPRESExXTATIVE CITIZENSHIP. MEN AND AFFAIRS IN CIVIL LIFE. CHAPTER VII. FR(3]M the very inception of the settlement at \A\iynesboro there seemed to be a healthy tone to the community.The early settlers were repre- sentative men,and as a conseqaence their descendants soon became closely identified with the more important affairs of life. Tov.-ii eouncil. Note 35. 18.52. May 5,1853. Mav 9,1851. Mav 2,1855. May 7,1856. May 9,1857. It is unfortunate that the earliest records of the bor- ough are not accessible.As has been stated in an earlier chapter,\\'aynesboro came under the provisions of the general borough act at the time of its adoption.From that time to the present the borough organization has been as follows : H.M.Sibbet,president;Josiah Besore ;Jacol)Adams; David Hoeflich ;Levi Sanders;Ms M.Stoner,secretary. William Shinefield,burgess ;John Bell,president ;Jo- seph Cooper;George Fourthman;Michael Row;D.B. Russell ;M.M.Stoner,secretary. E.S.Troxel,burgess ;Henry Stonehouse,president ; Jacob Adams;Joseph H.Crebs ;Joseph Bender;William L.Hamilton ;M.M.Stoner,secretary. Joseph Cooper,burgess;Hugh M.Sibbet,president; J.G.Besore;W.S.Hollinberger ; A.S.Adams;Peter Benedict;M.M.Stoner,secretary. Joseph Cooper,burgess ;Samuel Rider,president ;Ja- cob Adams;David Hoeflich ;George Fourtlnnan ;John S. Besore ;M.M.Stoner,secretary. W.F.Horner,burgess;J.R.\\'elsh.president;Jacob REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENSHIP.I^r Shover:Josiah Besore ;Michael Hanstine;John Har-chapter vn. baugh;M.M.Stoner,secretary. Adam Dysert.I)iirgess ;Joseph H.Crebs,president ; May 7,isss. Henry Stonehouse ;David Hahn ;John Gilbert.Jr.;David Shoop;M.M.Stoner,secretary. George Besore,burgess;Joseph H.Crebs,president;May ig,1859 Henry Stonehouse;John Gilbert,Jr.;William Blair; Hiram Snyder;M.M.Stoner,secretary. W.F.Horner,burgess ;George Fourthman.presi-May n,iseo. dent;David Hoetiich;Jacob Adams;D.B.Russell; George J.Balsley;M.M.Stoner,secretary. Joseph H.Crebs,burgess ;George Fourthman,presi-May 13,isei. dent;Jacob Adams;J.R.Welsh;John A.Straley;D.B. Russell ;Jacob B.Resser,secretary. Henry Unger,burgess;George Fourthman.president;May 10,is62. George Bender;Daniel Firmwalt ;John J.Irwin;Jerome Beaver;Jacob B.Resser,secretary. J.R.Welsh,burgess;David Hahn,president;Joseph May n,ises. Bender ;Lewis K.Morrison ;George Harbaugh ;Joseph W.^Miller ;Peter Grumbine,secretary. Henry Stonehouse,burgess;William L.Hamilton,pres-May 26,isei. ident;William E.Flanagan;Jacob Beaver;Joseph Ben- der;J.W.Miller;J.H.Welsh,secretary. George Fourthman,burgess ;Lewis Detrich,presi-May 19,ises. dent;"Daniel Geiser ;Joseph H.Crebs;W.G.Smith; Hugh M.Sibbet;Peter Grumbine,secretary. J.R.Welsh,burgess;George Morganthall,president;May 15,isec. Samuel Rider;F.Fourthman;Jacob Crouse ;Daniel D. Firmwalt ;Peter Grumbine,secretary. Hugh M.Sibbet,burgess;Hiram Snyder,president ;May 13,isgt. H.C.Gill)ert;Peter Dock;George Fourthman;George Harbaugh (of G.);Philip R.Welsh,secretary. William G.Smith,burgess ;David Hoeflich,president ;May 0,ises. David Rider;William L.Hamilton ;Joseph W.Miller;H. C.Gilbert ;Geo.W.Welsh,secretary. George Fourthman,burgess;David Hoeflich,presi-May 10,ism. 136 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VII. December 4,1869 October 27,ISTO. May 14,1872. May 7,1873. May 16,1874. May 3,1875. May 13,1876. April 9,1877. April 3,1878. April 7,1879. April 5,1880. deiil ;John W.Coon;F.Fourthman ;Thomas S.Cun- ningham :W.A.Reid ;Geo.\A'.\\'elsh,secretary. George Harbaugh (of G.),burgess;T.I.Filbert, president;John F.Johnston;David Halin ;Jacob Beaver; F.Fourthman ;J.B.HamiUon,secretary. John BeH,burgess ;William L.Hamilton,president ;T. I.Filbert;Hiram Snyder;William I.Bikle;F.Fourth- man ;Jno.B.Hamilton,secretary. J.W.Miller,burgess ;W.F.Grove,president ;William I.Bikle;G.W.McGinley;F.Fourthman;A.D.Mor- ganthall ;J.B.Hamilton,secretary. A.H.Strickler,burgess ;Samuel Rider,president ;Ja- son Bell;W.A.Reid;Peter Dock;George Middour ;A. B.Stoler,secretary. E-A\'.A\'ashabaugh,burgess;G.W.McGinley,presi- dent ;J.F.Reininger ;Samuel Rider ;David Rider ;Sam- uel Hoeflich;A.B.Stoler,secretary. Joseph Walter,burgess ;J.F.Reininger,president ; James P.Wolff;George Harbaugh (of G.);George Boerner ;George Pilkington ;A.B.Stoler,secretary. Joseph W'alter,burgess ;George G.Pilkington,presi- dent ;John F.Johnston ;Andrew Wilson ;David Rider ;J. R.Wolfersberger ;A.B.Stoler,secretary. Samuel Hoeflich,burgess;H.C.Bonebrake,president; J.R.Wolfersberger ;J.F.Reininger ;George Harbaugh (of G.);Daniel Hoover;A.B.Stoler,secretary. Samuel P.Stoner.burgess ;J.R.Wolfersberger,presi- dent ;J.F.Reininger;G.W.McGinley;H.G.Bone- brake ;John S.Funk ;A.B.Stoler,secretary. William A.Price,burgess;Michael Hanstine,presi- dent;Jacob Kriner;F.J.Beard;A.H.Rowe ;Lambert Sanders ;A.B.Stoler,secretary. A.D.Morganthall,burgess and president ;T.S.Bren- isholts;Daniel Johnston;G.W.McGinley;F.S.Cun- ningham;(icorge G.Pilkington;AA'illiam B.Dock;A.B. Stoler,secretary. RKPRESENTATIVI'CITIZENSHIP.I,y Joseph Walter,burgess and president ;F.S.Brenis-chapter vii. holts:John S.Funk;William I.Bikle ;W.A.Hanstine ; ^p^i *,issi. J.F.Reininger;Simon Lecron ;A.B.Stoler,secretary. Joseph Walter,burgess and president ;Henry Wallace;^'^^"'^'''^^^ David Hoeflich ;Samuel Hoeflich ;W.A.Hanstine ;W.F. Grove ;George Pilkington ;Alf.N.Russell,secretary. A.H.Rowe,burgess and president;Joseph Stickell ; "^''"^^'^^^^ D.B.Martin;J.W.Wheler;G.G.Shively ;J.J.Lecron; A.J.George ;Alf.N.Russell,secretary. A.H.Rowe,burgess and president ;A.J.George ; '^''"^'^'^^^*- James P.Lowell;J.W.\Wieler;Fred.Sotters ;John D. Frederic;J.A.Keepers;Alf.N.Russell,secretary. J.F.Reininger,burgess and president ;A.J.George ; '^^''''''^^'^^®^- James P.Lowell;J.W.Wheler;R.Shover ;W.S.Am- berson;J.H.Gehr ;Alf.N.Russell,secretary. \\\G.Smith,burgess and president ;James P.Lowell ; '^"'""'^'•'^^' R.Shover;W.S.Amberson ;J.H.Gehr;T.S.Cunning- ham:A.E.Price;Alf.N.Russell,secretary. W.G.Smith,burgess and president;R.Shover;W.S. '''""'^'''"''• Amberson ;John J.Miller ;Samuel Hoeflich ;T.S.Cun- ningham ;A.E.Price ;J.S.Gordon,secretary. John R.Hoeflich,burgess and president ;J.W.Spang- '''""'^''''^^ ler;F.S.Brenisholts ;Jacob J.Miller;John J.Miller; Samuel Hoeflich ;A.S.Bonebrake ;J.S.Gordon,secre- tary. John R.Hoeflich,Ijurgess and president;G.W.Mc-March 4,issg. Ginley ;A.S.Bonebrake ;F.S.Brenisholts ;J.W.Spang- ler;John J.Miller;Samuel Hoeflich;Jas.S.Gordon,sec- retar}'. \\'illiam G.Smith,burgess and president ;A.S.Bone-^^''^''^^'i^^"- brake;F.S.Brenisholts;P.N.Brumbaugh;G.W.Mc- Ginley,Daniel Johnston ;J.W.Spangler ;J.R.Wolfkill, secretary. C.M.Funk,burgess and president;F.S.Brenisholts;^^'^'-^'^2,is9i. D.S.Lesher ;A.S.Bonebrake ;P.N.Brumbaugh ;Daniel Johnston;A.N.Russell,secretary. 138 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VII. March T,1892. March 6,1893. March 5,1S94. March 4,1895. March 2,1896. March 5,1897. March 7,1S98. March 6,1899. March 5,1900. C.]\r.Funk,burg-ess and president;A.O.Frick :F.S. Brenisholts;H.S.Werdebaugh ;F.J.Dukehart;Daniel Johnston ;P.N.Brumbaugh ;A.N.Russell,secretary. J.H.Stoner,burgess and president;John G.Corbett ; F.J.Dukehart;F.S.Brenisholts;J.X.Price;H.S. \\'erdebaugh ;A.O.Frick ;A.N.Russell,secretary. J.H.Stoner,burgess;John G.Corbett,president;A. O.Frick;F.J.Dukehart;D.H.McGinley;J.N.Price; J.H.Grath ;Jas.S.Gordon,secretary. J.H.Stoner,burgess;John G.Corbett,president;J. H.Grath;Joseph H.Ziegler ;J.N.Price;A.H.Rowe ; D.H.McGinley ;Jas.S.Gordon,secretary. J.H.Stoner,burgess;A.H.Rowe,president;D.H. McGinley;W.H.Mentzer ;J.H.Grath;Joseph H.Zeig- ler ;E.W.Washabaugh ;James S.Gordon,secretary. J.C.Criswell,burgess;A.H.Rowe,president;A\'.H. Brown;W.H.Mentzer;Joseph H.Zeigler ;E.W.Wash- abaugh;Chas.F.Koons-;James S.Gordon,secretary. J.C.Criswell,burgess ;E.W.Washabaugh,president ; \\'.H.Brown;W.H.Mentzer ;J.B.Wallace ;C.F.Stein; C.F.Koons ;Jas.S.Gordon,secretary. J.C.Criswell,burgess ;W.H.Brown,president ;C.F. Stein;W.J.Fohz ;J.PI.Deardofff;J.B.Wallace;C.F. Koons ;James S.Gordon,secretary. Bernard H.Foreman,burgess;C.F.Stein,president; J.H.Deardorff;J.B.Wallace;N.J.Foltz ;H.T.Rout- son;W.H.Brown,Jr.;S.C.Plank,secretary. 1822. Postmasters. Note 36. The original name of W^aynesburg continued in official use for some years,when \\'aynesboro became the official name of the town. The following is a complete list of the postmasters of Waynesburg and Waynesboro from the beginning until the present time ; While the town was known as Waynesburg,IMichael Stoner was the postmaster. REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENSHIP.139 The name was then changed to W'aynesljoro,and the chapter vii. postmasters in the order of their appointment,were: Michael Stoner,Joseph Deardorff,James Walker,Michael M.Stoner,John W.Stoner,James Brotherton,James Brotherton,Jr.,Jacob R.Welsh,Thomas G.Pilkington, Nancy Pilkington,Andrew G.Nevin,Jacob R.Welsh, Andrew G.Nevin,Matilda R.Nevin,George Middour, James P.Lowell,Andrew S.Bonebrake,Alexander D. Morganthall and Silas E.Diibbell. In the legal fraternity the town has been well represent-Lawyers, ed,as the following list \vill show: Joseph Douglas,removed to Washington Territory, wdiere he died;George W.Welsh,deceased;Lewis W, Detrich,deceased ;N.Bruce Martin ;\\\T.Omwake ; J.R.Ruthranff;Charles Walter;James B.Raby. The following is a list of ministers of the gospel from clergymen, the single township of Washington,of which Waynes- boro is the center,natives of either town or township. Their denominational relation at the time they entered the ministry is given : Reformed :Andrew P.Frieze,Jeremiah Heller,Hen- ry Harbangh,Daniel Gans,George B.Russell,A.Carl Whitmer,Christian C.Russell,Simon S.Miller,Joseph H.Johnston,George H.Johnston,Josiah D.Detrich, George B.Resser,Charles H.Coon,James W.Gilland, William H.Lecron,Harvey Mickley. Lutheran :David Harbaugh,Daniel Summers,Daniel Beckner,Michael Jacobs,Frederick Benedict,Henry Weixel,William Keckler,Clarence Eyler,Dixon H.Geis- er and Julius Seebach. Presbyterian :Robert Hoover and Smith Barnes. Methodist:John Morehead,Henry Stonehouse.and Henry L.Besore. Bishop McFarland,very prominent in the Roman Cath- olic Church,was also brought up here. 140 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VII.The medical fraternity is well represented in the history Medical fraternity. ^^^^^^^town and townsliip.The following is a list of the names of physicians who were located and practiced medi- cine in Waynesboro from the time of its founding up to N(,te 37 the present time:John Liggett.John Oellig,Sr.,John Oellig,Jr.,James Brotherton,Sr.,James Brotherton,Jr., Thomas Walker,Washington A.Harbaugh,Andrew Het- rich.Sydneham Walker,Daniel Benedict,George E.Out- hit,Edwin A.Hering,George W.Boteler,John A. Bouse,A.S.Tinges,Edmund S.Showers,homeopathic. The following are now in active practice :Benjamin Frantz,Joseph Frantz,Isaac N.Snively,John M.Ripple, James Burns Amberson,Abraham H.Sti'ickler,Abra- ham Barr Snively,Aaron B.Sollenberger,John \\-.Croft, Percy D.Hoover,Reljecca P.Laughlin.Walter Pearre, homeopathic.Xevie C.Detrich,homeopathic. companies. and'\iia3ctur°ng The growtli of local corporatious and particularly of industrial institutions in Waynesboro has been phenome- nal.The town has forged far ahead of the older towns in the valley in this respect and,to-day,presents one of the most busy industrial centers to be found anywhere in the State. While it is not possible in the outline of the history of the town to give a detailed account of these different insti- tutions,yet it is believed that a record of their names and the character of the work performed by them,A'ith lists of their present officers,will be matters of interest. Tlie Frick com- pany. In the manufacture of steam engines and grain thresh- ers,and other agricultural machinery,the Frick Com- ])any has been prominent and successful.The personnel of that company follows : Officers:S.B.Rinehart.president;Dr.A.H.Strickler, vice-president ;Ezra Frick,general manager and sec- retary;H.B.Strickler,treasurer;A.H.Hutchinson, \ REPRKSENTATIXU CITIZENSHIP.I4I manager ice machine department ;A.O.Frick,mana-chapter vii. ger sales department,Corliss and automatic engines, etc.;J.H.Deardorff,manager sales department,trac- tion and portable engines,etc.;S.H.Brown,manager transportation department ;J.B.Raby,attorney and manager,collection department. Directors:S.B.Rinehart :Dr.A.H.Strickler ;Ezra Frick;A.O.Frick;Daniel Tritle ;A.F.Rohrer ;\V.H. Snyder ;J.S.Lesher ;J.G.Corbett ;E.O.Blair. A successful rival of the Frick Company in the manu-Jhe .^^^^^^ ^^^""" ^faeturing Company. facture of machinery,engines,etc.,is The Geiser Manu- facturing Company.The officers and directors of this company are as follows : Officers :A.E.Price,president ;A.D.Morganthall, vice-president;J.J.Oiler,treasurer;J.A.Middower, secretary;D.AI.Good,Jr.,general manager;George B. Beaver,manager,transportation department ;A.H.Dear- dorff,manager,collection department. Directors :A.E.Price ;J.J.Oiler ;Daniel Hoover ; A.D.Morganthall;D.M.Good,Jr.;J.A.Garrett; George B.Beaver;S.M.Kitzmiller ;J.R.Oiler. Other corporations are the following; The American Manufacturing Company.Officers :Dr.J^^^J^Z-^^ F.S.Brenisholts,president;Dr.A.H.Strickler,vice-°'"P'"'-- president ;E.B.Fahrney,secretary and treasurer.Direc- tors ;Dr.F.S.Brenisholts,Dr.A.H.Strickler,R. Shover,J.S.Lesher,W.H.Brown,Jr.,E.B.Fahrney, Clayton Philips. Landis Tool Company,manufacturers of all kinds of The i.andis tooI Conipanv. tools.Officers:Dr.A.H.Strickler,president;Daniel Hoover,vice-president ;J.Elmer Frantz,secretary and treasurer ;A.B.Landis,general superintendent ;W.T. Omwake,attorney.Directors;Dr.A.H.Strickler, 142 CHAPTER VII. Other industries. M\\YNESBORO. Daniel Hoover.S.B.Rinehart,Ezra Frick.W.H.Sny- der.F.Forthnian.R.Shover.T.B.Smith.W.T-Omwake. Smith Mannfactnring Company,George W.Smith. president. Decarbonated Lime and Stone Company.Reuben Shover,president. Emmert \^ise Company.J.F.and J.C.Emmert.pro- prietors. Waynesboro Hosiery Mihs.D.F.Beaver,proprietor. Pen-]\Iar Distillery.J.C.Chigston,proprietor. Electric Clock Works,Frederick Frick,proprietor. Banks and savings institutions. The Waynesboro Savings Fund Society.Organized March 5,1853. Note 38. 1863. The First National Bank.Organized Nov.18,1863. January 29,1895. The People's National Bank. Organized Sept.18, 1890. The ^^aynesboro Savings Fund Society was organized with the following officers :George Jacobs,president ; John Xill,treasurer;Dr.Thomas Walker,secretary. Directors:George Jacobs.John Funk (of H.),Jacob S. Sechrist,Henry C.Funk.Abram Frantz,Henry Besore, Joseph Elden,John Ditch,Dr.Thomas \\'alker,George Besore,John Price,John Philips,W.S-Amberson.This bank liquidated and was succeeded by the First National Bank. The First National Bank,of Waynesboro,Pennsylvania, No.244,was organized with the following officers : George Jacobs,president ;John Philips,cashier.Direc- tors :George Jacobs,Alexander Hamilton,Daniel Mick- ley,John Price,Samuel Frantz,Henry Good,George Be- sore,^^^S.Amberson,James H.Clayton.This bank went into liquidation and consolidated with the People's National Bank. The People's National Bank,of \A'aynesboro.Pennsyl- vania.Officers :Daniel Hoover,president ;\A'.T.Om- wake.vice-president;J.H.Stoner,cashier.Directors: Joseph H.Crebs,Ferdinand Forthman,D.]\I.Good,Jr., Melchor Elden,\\\T.Omwake,Benjamin F.Welty, Daniel Hoover,Samuel Hoeflich,Henry Rinehart,Jacob REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENSHIP.I43 F.Good,Ezekiel Elden,Dr.A.S.Bonebrake,Jere F.Zul-chapter vii. linger. The Bank of Waynesboro.Officers :J.J.Oiler,presi-waynei.°^ dent ;A.E.Price,vice-president ;M.E.Sollenberger,St""'''"'' cashier.Directors:J.J.Oiler,C.H.Buhrman,J.M. Newcomer,A.E.Price,I.E.Yost,Franklin Miller,J.M. Wolff,D.M.Baker,B.R.Summer,J.B.Long,Dr.Wal- ter Pearre,William H.Brown,S.M.Kitzmiller. The \\'aynesboro Dime Savings Fund and Trust Com-The waynesbom Dime Savings Fund pany.Officers :D.S.Lesher,president :John G.Cor-^nd Trust com- '^)J ^^^ pany.Organized bett,vice-president ;James S.Gordon,secretary and treasurer.Directors:D.S.Lesher,John G.Corbett. J.W.Newcomer,J.S.Lesher,A.W.Ruthrauff,Hiram Detrow,S.G.Hollinger,John H.Shank,J.W.Foreman. This bank consolidated with the Bank of Waynesboro.^ay 5,isoe. The W'aynesboro Electric Light and Power Comnanv ^^^^^^''^^"^^^^^"jr .'companies. was organized by popular subscription.Capital stock,fif- teen thousand dollars.Officers:Ferdinand Forthman,FJecWc^Light'^" •1 .T-*i-iT->ii •-1 T,TTT^-,,and Power Oom- president;Ezekiel Elden,vice-president;John T.Miller,pany.^'•'-^ Incorporated May secretary;W.T.Omwake,treasurer;J.F.Geiser,gen-&,isoi. eral superintendent.Directors :Ferdinand Forthman John J.Miller,J.F.Geiser,E.W.Washabaugh,J.F. Zullinger,Daniel Hoover,Ezekiel Elden. The Waynesboro Gas Companv.Capital stock,twen-The Waynesboro •' _ r .c Qjjg Company. ty-five thousand dollars.This company was re-organ-inorporated in ized,when the entire capital stock was absorbed by local gurt^Tsol.'* ^"' purchasers.Officers:J.C.Criswell,D.D.S.,president; T.B.Smith,secretary;J.H.Stoner,treasurer.Direc- tors:J.C.Criswell,T.B.Smith,J.H.Stoner,John M. Wolff,H.C.Criswell,W.H.Middlekauff,J.W.Clugston. The ^^'aynesboro Water Company.Capital stock.watercoTpany. eighty thousand dollars.On the death of George S-issT^"'*''' '" ' Moyer,of Philadelphia,who held all but a few shares of gust.^issg. 144 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VII.the Stock,this company was re-organized,when the entire capital stock was absorl)ed by local capitalists.Officers: ^^^T.Omwake,president:I.E.Yost,secretary:Reuben Shoxer,treasurer.Directors :\\'.T.Omwake,Reu- ben Shover,I.E.Yost,Daniel Hoover,M.E.Sollenber- ger,J.H.Neal,David H.Hoover.Th.e water is brought from Bailey's spring,on the South Mountain,six miles distant. Teiepiwne"%^om"'''^^^^Pennsylvania Telephone Company has an exchange Fnrututed in 1S82.iu full Operation established in Waynesboro in connection with the Chesapeake and Potomac Company,of Mary- land.It was operated as a separate exchange for several years,when,with the building of the line from Carlisle to Waynesboro,\'ia Chambersburg,connection was made with Harrisburg.Officers:A.R.Shellenberger,presi- dent;I.J.Lerch,general superintendent:M.H.Buehler, general niauager:J.H.Crosman,Jr.,secretary and treas- urer:L.H.Kiraiard,Jr.,superintendent;\\'.J.C.Jacobs, local manager.'t>' 1896. fnSiLed Feb.'-28,Thc Wayucsboro Board of Trade.Managers:J.R. Ruthrauff.J.H.Stoner,I.E-Yost,J.M.Wolff,Val. Smith,Dr.A.H.Strickler,Simon Wiener,J.H.Dear- dorff,T.T.Oiler,D.M.Good,Reuben Shover,H.E. Hoke,"\\\T.Omwake,H.J.Mentzer,J.B.Long.Of- ficers:J.R.Ruthrauff,president;J.J.Oiler,first vice- president ;I.E.Yost,second vice-president ;D.M. Good,third vice-president ;J.H.Stoner,fourth vice- president ;J.B.Long,secretary ;\\\T.Omwake,treas- urer.vStanding committees:first,finance,publication and statistics;second,municipal aft'airs and legislation; third,transportation and commerce ;fourth,manufact- ures and real estate.The vice-presidents in their order are the chairmen of the committees. RKPRESENTATIVE CITIZENSHIP.I45 The \A'aynesboro Lodge,T.O.O.F.,No.219.The chapter vii. present membership is one hnndred and fifty-seven,and ^..'^J Civic societies. total enrolhnent to date,fonr hundred and thirtv-four. (3fficers:E.B.Fahrney.noble grand;G.F.Bender,Lodge)Y'a^o."F., vice grand;W.I.Bikde and R.Shover,secretaries;Alf.instituted Feb.ig.^ 1847. X.Russell,treasurer;H.H.Leidig,Reuben Shover,S. B.Gilbert,trustees;\V.I.Bikle,representative to Grand Lodge.Amount paid in benefits during the past ten years,five thousand six hundred and seventy-three dollars and twenty-five cents.Benefits paid in the last year, eight hundred and nineteen dollars and fifty cents.Meets Tuesday evenings at Odd Fellows'Hall,East Main street. The Widow's Friend Encampment,L O.O.F.,No.71.The widow-s ^'Friend Encamp- Officers:Robert Tatrows first presiding officer;S.B.''^'rl^^- ^-^-^^•• Gilbert,present presiding officer;D.B.Russell,first S™''"''''' scribe;Alf.N.Russell,present scribe;J.W.Geyer,H.nf'"a8sf"^ '^^'^^ P.;J.D.Delaplaine,S.\\'.;John L.Geist,J.W.;D.N. vStephey,treasurer.The admitted membership since or- ganization is eighty-one,and present membership twenty- three.Meets in I.O.O.F.Hall on the second and fourth Friday evenings of each month. The Uncas Tribe,loi.Red Men.Officers:G.F.Lidy. ^^e uncasjribe, first presiding officer;C.G.Rowe,sachem;\\\T.Bals-lij}.*"'"^ ''"''• ley,S.Sagaman ;H.L.Miner ;J.Sagaman ;J.\\\Corbett. prophet;E.J.Greenawalt,chief recorder;W.A.Han- stine,keeper,wampum ;J.\\\Shafl^er,guard,wigwam ;D. C.Shank,guard,forest.Present membership,seventy- eight,and number enrolled since organization,three hundred and eleven.Amount paid in sick l:)enefits during the last year,one hundred and forty-three dollars and eighty-five cents.Charter members ;G.F.Lidy,William A.Price,\\'illiam Hanstine,J.B.Russell,F.Forthman, D.J.Rhea,C.H.Dickie.J.Woolard,G.B.Beaver,C.N. Beaver,G.G.Pilkington.J-L.Weagley,L.C.Rhea,W. L Bikle,H.Detrow,}.B.French,A.A.French. 146 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VII.The George \\'ashington Lodge,No.487.Knights of The George Wash-Pvthias.Present membership,one hundred and eight, ington Lodg-e,No.i i.i.i n j ,t ,.i i -i ,, 487,Knights of ^nd total enroHment to date,two liundred and three,num- hfsti'tuted March 7, ^^^r of members deceased since organization,seven.The 1883 -• first presiding officer was Simon Weiner,and the first secretary was A.D.Morganthall.Officers :J.E.Stout, chancehor,commander ;Charles Waynant,vice-chan- cellor ;J.F.Reininger.prelate;J.R.Hoffman,master of work;D.B.Royer,keeper of records and seal;J.H. Bowers,master of finance ;C.B.Clayton,master of ex- chequer ;William T.Balsley,master at arms;John N. Seltzer,inside guard ;B.M.KaufTman,outside guard. Paid benefits last year of two hundred dollars.Meets every Thursday evening at Odd Fellows'Hall,east Main street.Charter members ;James P.Lowell, George B.Beaver,Simon Weiner,William A.Price, Daniel F.Krug,Jacob Weiner,Daniel Johnston,A.D. Morganthall,Jacob H.Brown,D.AW Burns,J.C.Hess. The Waynesboro The Wayncsboro Council,No.QQ^,Royal Arcanum. Council,No.993,-^•^^"'-^ fnsmuttr'Aug 11, Pi"esent membership,forty-eight,and enrollment to date, ^^^^' seventy-five.Paid in benefits to date,twelve thousand five hundred dollars,and in the past year,seventy-five dol- lars.Officers;L E.Yost,regent;A.D.Morganthall, vice-regent;Clayton Philips,orator;S.H.Brown,past regent;G.Howard Kuhn,secretarv ;H.G.Bonebrake, collector;A.H.Rossman,treasurer;B.R.Barlup,chap- lain;D.W.Bear,guide;W.H.Brown,Jr.warden;Jacob S.Funk,sentry. The Waynesboro The Wavncsboro Castlc,No.^27,Knights of the Gold- Castle,No.327, • . ^,'/o J^"?!''*''S*t''^en Eagle.Present membership,eightv-five,and enroll- Golden Kagle. ^is i '»^^ Instituted Sept.20, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^hundred and eighty-seven.Benefits paid to date,two thousand three hundred and five dollars. Benefits paid during past year,two hundred and seventy- four dollars.Officers:George Heefner,past chief; representative;citizenship.147 Aaron Wagner,noble chief :Frank C.Durban,vice-chapter vii. chief;Adam W.Raby,high priest;B.F.Weyant,ven- erable hermit;H.S.Fisher,master of records;C.H. Koons,keeper of exchequer ;John Dysert,Sir herald ; W.S.Bahner,worthy bard ;A.H.Bear,worthy cham- berlain ;Jacob Weigle,ensign;H.C.Fox,esquire;Garry E.Brewer,first guardsman ;J.L.Weagley,second guardsman ;C.E.Hicks,J.A.Rowe,Reuben Shover, Trustees.Meets at Wolff Block each Friday evening. The Acacia Lodge.No.586,F.and A.M.Present The _Aca«a Lo^dg|, membership,fifty-six,and enrollment to date,sixty-five.^^;asli.*"''*^ ^'''' Number of members deceased since organization,two. The first presiding officer was Samuel R.Frantz,and the first secretary,J.H.Stoner.Officers:Charles B.Clay- ton,worthy master ;Joseph Frantz,senior warden ;C. C.McKown,junior warden;D.F.Beaver,treasurer; S.C.Plank,secretary.Meets third Friday of each month in AWilff Block,east Main street.Charter members were:Samuel R.Frantz,Samuel C.Plank,Jacol)H. Stoner,George G.Shively,Thomas B.Smith,William Wallace,P.N.S.Brumbaugh,Lewis Cantner,Simon Weiner,John L.McCaskey,James P.Wolff,Albert J. Harbaugh,Ferdinand Forthman,David F.Beaver,David C.Shank,Jeremiah F.Zullinger,\\'illiani E.Angle,John C.Criswell,Edgar W.Washabaugh,Charles C.Burges- ser,Edgar Penney,Thomas S.Cunningham,Abraham O. Frick. The Waynesboro Council,No.760,Jr.O.U.A.M.'^iZ^to^'^eo, enrollment to date,three hundred and fortv-three,number inkitiited bee.'is, ^,r-1891. of members deceased smce organization,six.i he hrst presiding officer was J.W.Fowler,and the first secretary, F.K.Henninger.Benefits paid to date,three thousand three hundred and ten dollars and thirty-eight cents. Iknefits paid during the past year,four hundred and 148 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER vii.twelve dollars and fifty cents.Officers:B.C.Wolfkill, councillor;E.E.Conrad,vice-councillor;H.L.Miner,re- cording secretary ;S.P.Ambrose,assistant recording secretary ;George Tschudy,financial secretary ;A.W. Raby,treasurer ;D.Oglesbee,conductor ;Percy Robin- son,warden;Ray Zimmerman,inside sentinel;Edward Coffman,outside sentinel ;John A.Baker,Jr.,past coun- cillor ;S.P.Ambrose,Jacob Shetter,J.B.Hess,trustees; \\'.E.Bretzler.representative to State Council ;George Tschudy,alternate ;D.\\\Berlin,chaplain.Charter members;T.S.Xevin,H.AlcCleary,J.\\'.Fowler,A. Baker,C.M.Funk,A.S.Gonder,W.E.Bretzler.W.E. Washabaugh.J.M.Ditslear.J.B.Gossert,J.F.Furney, F.K.Henninger,C.\\'.Spielman.F.]\I.Conrad,C.R. Hanstine,William D.Furney.Meets in Wolff Block on Tuesday evenings. The Waynesboro The Wavucsboro Conclavc,No.217.Improved Order Conclave,No.217, Improved Order of Qf Hcptasophs.Prcseut membership,fiftv-four.and en- Heptasophs.Insti-i r i - tuted Feb.22,1892.j-ollment to date,sixty-three.The first presiding officer was S.C.Plank,and the first secretary,S.A.Clevenger. Officers :Dr.Joseph Frantz,presiding officer ;S.A.Cle- venger,secretary;Alf.N.Russell,financier;L.C.Rhea, treasurer.Benefits paid,three thousand dollars.Char- ter members :Joseph Frantz,John B.Russell,T.B. Smith.J.F.Xitterhouse.John W.Lowman.I.E.Yost,S. C.Plank,P.N.Brumbaugh,H.C.Criswell,J.H.Gonder, Alf.N.Russell,S.A.Clevenger,L.C.Rhea,B.H.Fore- man.Dr.A.H.Strickler..\.D.^lorganthall.D.B.Snive- ly.T.F.Delaplaine.S.R.Frantz,John B.Lowry.Dr.I.N. Snively,James B.Raby,J.E.Sanders,John A.Weagly,C. F.Martin,C.W.Needy.John B.Sellers,M.S.Kunkle. Meets first and third Thursday evenings of each month at Odd Fellow's'Hall,East Main street. The Peerless Aid The Pccrlcss Aid Socicty.a beneficial association Societv.Instituted ,,,-^^^,r^•\t r .. •r~"„, June ii,1892.amoug the employees of The Geiser Manutactunng Lorn- REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENSHIP.I49 pany.Present membership,two hundred and forty,and chapter vii. enrohment to date,three hunch^ed and twenty.Officers: L.P.Thompson,president;F.B.Hershey,vice-presi- dent:J.C.Hicks,secretary;H.L.Stoner.assistant sec- retary;J.J.Oiler,treasurer.Paid in benefits to date,five thousand three hundred and ten dollars.Paid in benefits during the past year,nine hundred and ten dollars.Meets monthly at office of The Geiser Manufacturing Company. The Ladv A\'avne Rebekah Lods^e.No.i6.Present P^Lady wayne^Rebekah Lodge, membership,forty-two.Officers:Mrs.Lucy Morgan-Juiy^li,isls.**"'"** thall.noble grand;Mrs.Susan Stover,vice-grand;Mrs. Alf.N.Russell,secretary;Miss Florence Richardson, treasurer.Meets first and third Mondays of each month in I.O.O.F.Hall,East Main street. The Blue Mountain Commandery,No.76.Knights of comman^'^"No.'° the Golden Eagle.Present membership,twenty-three,ooiden'^Eagie.^^'in- stituted Dec 24 and enrollment to date,forty-one.Officers :J.A.Rowe,1894. grand chevalier;J.H.Morganthall,valiant command- er;B.F.W'eyant,officer of the guard;J.J.Clohecy, captain of the troop;A.A.^^'agner,knight herald;W. I.Bikle,knight preceptor;H.S.Fisher,knight histo- rian;C.E.Hicks,knight almoner;H.S.Fisher,knight precentor;I.Greenwald.knight ensign;T.B.Moatz, knight armorer;J-E.Harbaugh,-garrison guard;J.H. Dysert.advance guard ;F.C.Durben.first knight of honor;J.L.\\'eagley.second knight of honor;\\'.I. Bikle.J.L.W^agley.trustees.Meets at Yost Hall first and third Monday evenings of each month. The Uncas Council.No.100.D.of P.Present member-xho uncas council, No.100,D.of p. ship,fifty-two.and enrollment since organization,sixty-{^||'*^"*^'''^ ^'"^-^^' four,number of members deceased since organization, one.The first presiding officer was ]\Irs.Mary A.Hop- wood,and the present presiding officer,]Mrs.Harry E. (10) 1898. 150 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VII.Stouffer.The first secretary was Airs.Charles G.Rowe, and the jM-esent secretary,Mrs.M.].Settle. Vj.''''t^^eel Tlie A\-ashinoton Camp.Xo.661,P.O.S.of A.Pres- p.O.S.of A.In- ,, . ,1 •1 .r^rr- stituted March u,ciit membership,one hundred and eio-hteen.Officers: C.H.Williams,president;C.H.Grath.vice-president; J.\\'.Moore,recording secretary ;E.C.Arnold,finan- cial secretary;John H.Grath.treasurer;C.H.Aliller, master of finance ;Daniel Berlin,chaplain ;W.E.Cantner, assistant secretary;H.McCorney.inspector;J.X.Ander- son,guard ;L.S.Johnston.John Aulter,\\'.E.Cantner, trustees ;L.S.Johnston,representative to State Council. Benefits paid during the past year,sixteen dollars.Meets Thursday evenings at Yost Hall,West Alain street. The Blue Mountain Temple,Ladies of The Blue Mountain Temple,Ladies of the Golden t^iTcoidenTaVe'Eaglc.Prcscut membership,thirtv-three.and enrollment Instituted Aug.14,... '^rr t r t • 1899.since organization,thirty-three.Officers;Mrs.Jennie Rowe,past templar ; Airs.Kate Beard,noble templar ; Aliss Alary Alartz,vice-templar ;Airs.Belle Ryder, prophetess ;Airs.Ella B.AN'agner,priestess ;Aliss Susie Shorb,guardian of the records;Airs.Ethel French, guardian of finance ;Airs.Sudie Fisher,guardian of exchequer ;Aliss Bertha X'^ewman,marshal of cere- monies ;Aliss Alyra Hopwood,guardian of music;Airs. Gertie Reary,guardian of inner portal ;B.F.Weyant, guardian of outer portal ;Airs.Alary Hopwood,Airs. Bird A\'eyant,Mrs.Alattie Stoos,trustees.Aleets at Yost Hall each Tuesday evening. The Public Read-fj^^Public Reading Room Association.Officers and ing Room Associa-^ im. ^"''''"'''^'"committees ;D.Singer Geiser.president:Aliss Flo AI. Richardson,secretary;B.C.Kadel.treasurer;J.R.Ruth- raufT,B.C.Kadel,committee on finance ;George AI. Spangler,Alisses Alargaret Fahnestock and Flo AI.Rich- ardson,committee on literature;Walter Alentzer,Airs. re;presextativk citizenship.151 Mar}-Corbett and Miss Anna Hershey,committee on chapter vii. library and rooms.Public reading room and library in Shively Blqck,Center Square. The fire department of Waynesboro,while not very ex-^"'companies, tensive,is well organized and proficient.Among the firemen are to be found some of the best representative citizens of the town,and.as is frequently the case else- where,so in A\'aynesboro,the firemen constitute a most potent and important factor of citizenship. The first fire company of which there appears to be mention was the "Washington Engine Company."It was in existence upwards of fifty years ago,but no records of it have been found. There are two existing companies of firemen.The Me-Jt^elnf^Kre"Encrine chanics'Steam Fire Engine Company has been in exist--""p^"^- ence some twenty years.The first of^cers of the company were,Samuel Frantz,president ;John D.Frederic,vice- president ;Joseph Walters,treasurer ;J.C.A\'est,secre- tary;E.P.Grove,assistant secretary.The present officers of the company are:David Thompson,president;J.H. Miller,vice-president;J.B.Wahace,treasurer:E.Z. Gonder.secretary;R.B.Hafifner,assistant secretary. Investigating committee,J.F.Johnston,J.H.Miller,J. S.Stoops.Directors,H.C.Funk,J.B.Wallace,J.H. Miller,E.Z.Gonder.J.S.Stoops,Robert Watson,\\\G. Henneberger,J.F.Johnston,M.L-Gift,R.B.Haffner, David Thompson,J.M.Funk.M.L.Gift,first engi- neer :E.Z.Gonder,second engineer :R.B.Haffner, third engineer.J.S.Stoops,first firemen;Edward Kauf^man,second firemen;Alfred McCarty,third fire- man. The other protective organization in Waynesboro is the ^^J^;^^^^: ^""^^ "Always There Hook and Ladder Company,"which is iggo. likewise constituted of a representative class of citizenship, and does its full share of work whenever an emergency 152 WAYXESBORO. CHAPTER VII.arises.It was organized with about thirty members and the foHowing officers:Jacob F.Reininger,president; W'iHiam I.Bikle.vice-president;John D.Foltz.treas- urer;Cyrus ^I.Fohz,secretary.The present officers are:A\'iniam J.Hawman,president;\\'iniam ]\I.Grove, vice-president;^\'illiam E.Fisher,treasurer;David B. Zook.secretary.It has now al:»out one hundred mem- bers. Their quarters.Thcse two firc companies both had their quarters in the townliall.l)ut they lia\-e now removed into the new fire- men's Iniikhng which has been lately erected and com- pleted on South Potomac avenue.This building fur- nishes them with most conunodious quarters,and is a credit to the town. The town hall and academy of music. 1881. The townhall,in which the firemen formerly had their quarters,was erected by the town some years ago.It serves not only as a townhouse.but is used as well,as an academv of music ;the auditorium l^eing a convenient place for the use of entertainments of all kinds.Previous to the erection of this building,the old building on the square was used for town purposes. Railroad facilities. 1838. 1873. Although the question of railroad accommodations for Waynesboro was agitated as many as sixty years ago.yet the town remained without railroad facilities until a com- paratively late period. This early agitation related to that enterprise well known in history as the Thaddeus Stevens "Tape Worm." This railroad was projected whilst the "Great Commoner" \vas a representative in the State Legislature of the county of Adams,wherein lay his large iron lands and iron works. It was the ambition of Stevens to extend the great public AAorks of the State and bring his property into the market by building a railroad through the section connecting the THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LiBhARY ASTOR,LENOX A\'D TILDEN FOU.,DATIONS. REPRESKNTATIVE CITIZENSHIP.155 Pennsyhania pu])lic works with the BaUimore and Ohio chapter vii. raih-oad.It was an ambitious,but an impracticable scheme,and,after it liad cost the State upwards of seven hundred and fifty tliousand dollars,it was wholly and ut- terly abandoned.Owing to its greed for the consump- tion of State funds and its many curvings throuo-h mount- ain and glade to reach its destination,it became popularly known as the Thaddeus Stevens "Tape Worm Railroad.'' By special act of Legislature,AVaynesboro was made a -^^^^ ^*Assembly, point on this railroad,the "Gettysburg Railroad,"as its ^-^•'''^^°' incorporated name was.The Legislature of Pennsylvania, however,preferring the more feasible route and plan of the Cumberland Valley railroad,gave the finishing stroke to the Gettysburg and Waynesboro road by refusing it further State aid,and by extending such aid to its rival. So AA'aynesboro was left to wait the event of time,and it was not until the building of the Mont Alto railroad that its hope of railroad accommodation grew into certainty. The Mont Alto railroad was first completed from a Mont auo railroad ^company. point near Scotland,on the Cumberland Valley main line, '^^'^^ to Mont Alto.It was opened for business that year for about ten miles of its length.Some six years later it was ^j,-g extended eighteen miles to Waynesboro,and furnished the first railroad outlet from that town. The original idea of Stevens of connecting the Pennsyl-cum™nand"vaiiey vania railroads with the Baltimore and Ohio through the gap in the South jMountain was.as before stated,an im- practicable one as a whole,but not so far as using the gap as a railway entrance.Long years afterwards it was util- ^g„g ized by the building of the Baltimore and Cumberland Val- ley railroad,which connected with the Western ^laryland railroad system at a point on the west slope of the Blue Ridge.This line gave \\'avnesboro further railroad facilities,and connected the town more directly with Chambersburg,and gave it an outlet through the old-time pass in the mountain to Baltimore. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER VIII. Historical epochs marked by war. Other factors. IX WAR TLMES.—Part I. WHEN OUR FOREFATHERS FOUGHT FOR HOME ANT>COUNTRY. I A partial departure from custom. T is true of ever)-nation,whether of the old world or of the new,that the principal epochs of its history have been marked by wars.It has been natural, therefore,and,perhaps,has proved an easier task for the historian to make his periods of recountal co-incident with and largely dependent for interest upon the periods of organized strife. The result of this tendency is apparent in a marked de- gree in the puljlished narratives,both local and general, which present the story of the past in American settle- ments,and particularly in Pennsylvania.Thus,through "the pride,pomp and circumstance of glorious war"un- due ambiton has been made virtue,and the agents and factors in the equally important problems relating to the advance of civilization and arising in times of peace have been sometimes ingloriously forgotten,and concerning the results of activity in the premises history is mute. In the undertaking in hand,the writer here avows it to have been his purpose from the outset to depart some- what widely from the beaten path of the past,and not to give undue prominence to the periods of warfare and their incidents which seem to have chiefly engaged the atten- tion of writers earlier interested in the work of compiling the history of the Cumberland A^alley.Whilst this deter- mination will be adhered to,it will,nevertheless,be neces- sarv to give some account,concise as possible,of the periods of warfare which befell,and in which the people of the Cumberland Valley were at all times interested,and in which many were engaged. INDIAN orT-^During the period covering a full score of years,when TLERS'DEPKXSE.the Indian warriors roamed at will among the defenseless WAYNESBORO.157 frontier settlements,marking their paths with fire and chapter viii. blood,while the western border of the then Cumberland • county was terribly scourged,the southern and southeast- ern ]iortions of the county were by no means exempt from their share of suffering. There are many and romantic traditions of the sad ex-pasJ'.'^''^' °*'^'^ periences of the settlers at the hands of this treacherous and blood-thirsty foe.Men.women and children were butchered in cold blood,and.worse,were carried into hopeless captivity,and made to endure cruelties and tor- tures,at the mere recital of which the mind revolts.The Loudon-s Narrative. . • (•r J 1 •1 1 r Pritz's Border Life. narratives 01 some 01 these experiences,gathered from authentic sources,are as prolific of horrible detail as the chronicle of barbaric peoples before the dawn of civiliza- tion,and speak to us in awesome language of the fearful sacritices which our forebears were compelled to make before it was possible for this beautiful vallev "to blossom and bloom like the rose,''and to be fit for enjoyment in the i^eace and happiness of the present day. The causes which brought about the in- flamed condition of the savage mind within the .borders of Pennsylvania,4ertTeL'"*"''' '^ and the inert and selfish policy which at the outset temporized with the dan- ger and by daily inaction fostered the rapidly grow- insf evil,are themes full of interest but having no place in this narrative. In the individual and or- ganized efforts which were made to defend against and punish these treach- eries,the settlers of the .Cumberland A'alley acquitted ./^/>^^^ .•\T Peace. 158 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER Tin.themselves like men.at times with little or no assistance from the Government. The stoiy of local ^js ,,-,-,-,, outrages.io localizc the storv of these Indian outrages and fit the tale to the particular section of the valley which now claims attention is not to be thought of.but so far as vague and uncertain traditions and the suggestions of written narratixe will furnish facts concerning one or two local happenings,they will be given. The particular periods when the Cumberland Valley,in common with the other frontier settlements,suffered most from Indian outrages were just after the defeat of 1763-1764.General Braddock.and immediately succeeding the out- break of the so-called Pontiac war. As has been before stated,the \\'aynesboro locality,al- locaiity. ^^^^""^^ belt the South Alountain furnished safe hiding-places for the savage,did not so frequently suffer from their mur- derous incursions as the more exposed parts of the valley to the westward and northward,yet the recorded reports, meager as the}'are,and the personal narratives of mur- ders and outrages committed during the terrible vears which measured up the decade following Braddock's de- feat,refer to this localitA'in entries like the following: Recorded outrages. 1756,Aug.27."The Indians took one person from the vSouth ]\Ioun- tp.in."" July 9,1757."Troopcr \\'ilson"s son killed at Antietam creek." "I presume this,"says the narrator,John McCullough, "to have l)een the man that I mentioned Ben Dickson shot, Loudon's Narrative,^ud shakcd his scalp at his father when he was creeping up to shoot a deer."The narrator's complete story of this oc- currence is as follows:"I have often heard Alus-sooh- whese.or Ben Dickson,relate that he had been around murdering,but was not satisfied with what he had done, because one white man had outrun him and made his escape,notwithstanding he had shot at him when he was jumping over a fence not more than four or five steps IN WAR TIMES.159 from him.He.therefore,left the company and went to another part of the settlement where he sulked about for some time.At last,being at the side of a creek one morn- ing he saw a deer in the water,which he thought he would kill,^\l^ilst he was creeping up to the deer he heard a rustle in the leaves close by him.On looking up he saw a white man creeping towards the deer,whom he shot instantly on the spot and pulled off his scalp.An old man,whom he supposed to be the father of the man he killed,came running towards him.hallooing at him if he had killed a deer;as Dickson could speak the English language perfectly well he answered,'Yes,bv ; and if vou do not l)elieve me.here is the skin,'shaking his son's scalp at him ;the old man made his escape from him." "One,]\lcKisson,wounded,and his son taken from the june 27th. South ^Mountain." "One man killed and ten taken near Black's Gap,South Apni 13,ists. Mountain." "One man killed and nine taken'near Archibald Bard's,same day. South Mountain." The man killed on this occasion was Thomas Potter,a brother of General James Potter.Among those taken prisoners were Richard Bard and his Avife,Hannah Mc- Bride,Samuel Henry,Daniel McManemy,and William \A'hite.There were nineteen Indians in the party. A familiar name in the vicinitv of W^avnesboro in the Murder of the Ren- frew sisters. early days was that of Renfrew,and the well authenticated story of the sad fate which befell two daughters of that famih-is still an interesting theme in all fireside tales for the children or when reminiscences among the elders of the country side are in order.The story has been told with many embellishments,but it is repeated here because of its local character.\\'hat may l^e considered the best digested narrati\-e of the occurrence is here used as J-c.Burns,in mc-®Cauley s History. authority. l6o WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VIII.It matters little whether these two unfortunate young- women,when attacked by the Indians,w^ere preparing to ride away on horseljack,as one account has it,or were engag-ed in wasliing clothes,as the better authority as- The girls murdered,scrts.At all eveuts,they were killed and scalped by two Indians,who did not long escape their just punishment. The story of the pursuit of them by two experienced hun- ters is graphically told.On the second day after the murder,the fiends in human shape who had committed it, carefully seeking a way w^estward,had stopped under some wild plum trees,which grew abundantly in this sec- tion of the country at that time,and were cautiously plucking and eating the fruit,when they were discovered by their determined pursuers,who,it is said,w'ith cool deliberation,bided their time until they were near enough to see the plum seeds drop from the mouths of the unsus- pecting Indians,when,at a given signal,the avengers of the murdered women fired,each killing his man.The The success of the gfruesome seciuel of this tale is to the effect that the pursuers."^ avengers returned with the scalps of their victims in time to be present at the burial of the sisters,and to certify The burial.to the asscmbled neighbors the absolute character of the revenge thev had taken by depositing on the coffin the recovered scalps of the murdered women,and,by their side,the scalps of the murderers. There is no definite date now to be fixed when this massacre took ])lace.Tradition has it that it was among Possible date 1764. ^j^^j^^^^-^^^^^^^j^^^^^^^outragc Committed by the Indians in this section. Their residence and The rcputcd residcuce of tlic Rcufrew sistcrs was not burial place. far from the mill on the farm of Peter Fahnestock,near Waynesboro.They are said to be buried in a picturesque spot known as the Burns'family burying ground,not far from the banks of the .\ntietam.There is no mark of identification upon the stone which,tradition says,marks IN WAR TIMES.i6i their grave.As yet,their only epitaph is traced upon the chapter viii. memory of man. It is not necessary to multiply accounts of the terrible The massacre of I-.1 •,.1 ;.1 •Enoch Brown and experiences of the pioneer settlers to prove the proposi-his sohooi-ehiidren. tion that the}'made the gravest sacrifices to secure the homes which their descendants are now enjoying ;yet how few of the present generation pay even the tribute of a ficeF"™ ^"^" passing thought to these sacrifices,and few there are,it is true,who do believe that by preserving an old record, On the War Path. recording a tradition,marking an historical spot with a monument "w^e do recover and save somewhat from the maw of time.'' Among these may be classed the public-spirited gentle- ^^^-^^'"'^-^°'^- man who championed,and those who aided him in carry- ing out,a praise-worthy plan which resulted in the erec- tion of the only monuments ever raised within the limits of Franklin county commemorative of this period of sacri- fice and suffering,the seedtime of the present harvest of enjoyment. The storv of the massacre of the schoolmaster,Enoch Juiy 26,i764. A lesson to be profited b.v. 1764. 162 WAYNIvSBORO. CHAPTER \ni.Bi-own,and his pupils who came to him for instruction on that last sad day at Guitner's little schoolhouse.on the outskirts of the "Conococheag-ue settlement,"lying just aliout three miles north by west of the present town of Greencastle,is a familiar one to every school child in Franklin county to-day.Tt is an event familiar because conmiemorated,and it stands forth in strong contrast with the other historical events far more important,but now buried in oblivion because of the indifference and,may it l)e called,lack of patriotism of a past generation.The lesson is plain ;will the present generation profit by it? Tt was a time when the spirit of war inflamed the minds of the white man and the red man alike.Roving bands of savages carried death and devastation in every direc- tion.No locality within the frontier settlements,how- ever secluded,was safe from an unexpected visit from these murderous bands,and who,that has visited the spot, even in this day a miniature wilderness,where this old Courage and hardi-schoolhousc stood,is not struck witli admiration for the hood manifested. spirit of courage and hardihood which placed the school- house there in those days of danger. On the day of the disaster,eleven scholars answered to the last roll-call.The story of their undoing is sufhciently told by the monuments erected some years ago,and which to-day stand on the spot. The larger monument marks the site of the old school- house.The side of the monument facing eastward bears this inscription : "Sacred to the memory of schoolmaster Enoch Brown, and eleven scholars,namely :Ruth Hart,Ruth Hall,Eben Taylor,George Dustan,Archie McCullough,and six others (names unknown)who were massacred and scalped by Indians on this spot.July 26,1764,during the Pontiac war. Teacher and eleven scholars present. The site of the school-house. East side. "Two Dean boys were among the victims heretofore unknown.\ugust 4.1888." HISTORY OF WAYNESBORO. THE SITE OF GUITNER'S SCHOOL-HOUSE. GRAVE OF THE MASTER AND CHILDREN MURDERED BY INDIANS. MONUMENT MARKING SITE OF SCHOOL-HOUSE. [the new york:| PUBLIC LIBRARY ASTOB,LENOX A'^D TILDEN FOUNDATIONS. TN WAR TIMKS.1 65 The north side of the monument bears this inscription : chapter viii. "Erected ])y direction of the P'rankHn Countv Centen--^'orth side. nial Convention,on April 22.1884,in the name of the teachers and scholars of all the schools in the county,in- cluding connnon schools,select schools and Sunday- schools.For a full list of contributors see Archives of Franklin Countv Historical Society,or Recorder's Of- fice." On the west side of the monument,next the grave,is this inscription : "The remains of Enoch Brown and ten scholars (Archie ^^'"^st side. McCulloug-h survived the scalping)lie buried in a common grave,south sixty-two and one-fourth degrees west four- teen and one-half perches from this monument.They fell as pioneer martyrs in the cause of education and Chris- tian civilization." Upon the south side of the monument is inscribed the following : "The ground is holy where they fell. ^'^"^'^*'''*'• And where their mingled ashes lie; Ye Christian people,mark it well With granite columns,strong and high; And cherish well for-ever-more The sturdy wealth of early years, The sacred legacies of yore, The toils and trials of pioneers." At a short distance from the larger monument,under '^^^^''^^''• the shadows of cedar and oak tree,stands the smaller monument over the grave.It bears this inscription : "The grave of schoolmaster Enoch Brown and ten scholars massacred by the Indians,July 26,1764." As the original inscription upon the monument tells, Archie McCullough,one of the scholars,recovered from ,,1-TT •rTiAr/^11 1 Archie McCuUougli.the scalpmg.He was a cousm of John McCullough, from whose narrative of his life among the Indians many i66 W^WNKSnORO. CHAPTER VIII. Note 39. quotations have been made.He tells in this narrative how he incidentally met with the Indians w^ho had committed this cowardly outrage on the school children.They came among-the Indians in the village where he was held cap- tive,bringing with them the scalps of the schoolmaster and children.They were not very cordially received by the older Indians,who characterized their conduct in kill- ing the children as cowardlv. Avengers. Ranging companies. 1755. 1779. These outrages committed by the Indians did not go unavenged.The situation fostered men in all parts of the valley wdiose determination and prowess brought con- sternation,followed by the direst punishment,to many of the perpetrators of these inhuman deeds.Every district had its Indian hunters,and when concerted action was necessary the banding of these squads of hunters into ranging companies created a little army formidable and disciplined to an extent fully appreciated by their savage antagonists. Two fully organized bands,at least,of this character existed in the lower end of the valley.One was in ser- vice early,and was under the command of Colonel Joseph Armstrong.It consisted of some sixty-eight men all told, who,for several years,did good work in the protection of the border. During the revolutionary war two other companies of rangers from this locality went to the westward on service against the Indians.They were small bands consisting of not more than twenty-five men each,and were under the respective commands of Captain Noah Abraham and Captain Samuel Patton. There were many smaller bands of Indian hunters from the valley in service on the border during the period of the Indian troubles,but,unfortunately for the memory of these brave men,no well-authenticated record of their names,or of their actions,has been preserved. IN WAR TIMES.167 Very much has been collated and written concerning chapter vin. the history of the people of the Cumberland Valley,in-the revolu- cluding-those who dwelt in the part which is now called Franklin county,in the Revolutionary War,and very much remains to be written by the future historian who shall choose this subject as his single theme. From all accounts it is certain that in no section of the country was the response to arms more prompt and cheer- ful than in this localit)';no braver soldiers entered the field than those who came from old Cumberland county, of which the territory now Franklin ccjunty contril)uted its full share. The most conspicuous regiment m the continental y^^ni/ll%Je^,T^^'^' armv,the First Pennsvlvania,had its bep-innines in Franklin county,and it may be said that no officer of the American army had a more varied and notable career than Colonel James Chambers,who was the commander poi. James cham- of the first company that left Franklin county for the war. forming the nucleus of the First Pennsylvania regiment of which Captain Chambers subsequently became the honored colonel.His company,and that of Captain Wil- liam Hendricks,of Carlisle,were the first in the field from the valley. For the honor of the Cumberland Valley,the history of this regiment should be fully written,and although material is at hand,the limited scope of this work will not admit of its presentation here.Sufiice it to say that in its original and re-organized forms this regiment fol- lowed its unique flag through the entire war.doing service at different times in every one of the thirteen original states. This regiment entered the service first under the call J"'.^'i^-'^""^ of congress for the raising of six companies of expert riflemen in Pennsylvania,ten in Maryland and two in Virginia.It was known as "Colonel William Thomp- Note 40. 1 68 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VIII. April 17,liTi Januaiy 1,1T81. January IT,ITTli. Sixth PennsyUani regiment. The first militia battalion enters service. July 28,1777. II Penn'a Arch., Vol.X,p.508. The Waynesboro company. son's Rirte Reg-iment."Colonel Thompson first com- niaiuled the regiment.He was captured at the battle of Three Rivers,in Canada,when Edward Hand was ap- pointed colonel and James Chambers lieutenant-colonel. Upon the promotion of Colonel Hand to be a brigadier- general,Lieutenant-Colonel James Chamljers became colonel of the First Pennsylvania regiment,and under him it campaigned,as before stated,in all the chief bat- tles and skirmishes of the main arm}-until he retired from the service. Under another call from congress for four more bat- talions of Pennsylvania troops.Colonel \\'illiain Irvine's a sixth regiment was formed.Of the eight companies of which it consisted,three companies were from Franklin county,Captains Abraham Smith,William Rippey and Jeremiah Talbot. In addition to these companies there were also under arms from this section at this time four "other companies which contained of^cers and men chiefly from the section now comprised within the limits of Franklin county. Among the militia of Cumberland county called out by order of the Supreme Executive Council of the state,the first battalion,when it marched to the place of ren- dezvous,was officered as follows :Colonel,James Dun- lap ;lieutenant-colonel,William Clark;major,Samuel Irwin. The sixth company in this battalion,as appears by the first muster rolls,was at this time the company of Captain Royer,which was originally enlisted and came from Waynesboro and vicinity.The muster roll,as it has been preserved,shows the following officers and men :Captain, Samuel Royer ;first lieutenant,James Brotherton ;sec- ond lieutenant,Jacob Stotler ;ensign,Robert Snodgrass ; privates,William Cook,Abraham Gabriel.Ephraim Latta,Peter Longinare,Joseph ^^loore,Philip Xauss, Josias Ramage,Alexander Stewart. HISTORY OF WAYNESBORO. ,(ii'ii,''ii,. 'I I,.\'»,I % Ifl ii!i/ii;l"'M til! MsS''m m\"^m;x%'l U^2l_:""'"""' FLAG OF THE FIRST PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT CONTINENTAL LINE. \fliE YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY. i ASTOR,LENOX AND n,L !.i ."^'M I n.DATIONS. IN WAR TIMES.169 This battalion was tlie nucleus of the Cumberland covni-chapter vm. tv associated battalions,eio-ht in number,which served ,•'^Associated bat- this year.When fully organized,James Dunlap remain-^''^"'"^• ed as colonel of the first battalion,but Robert Culbert-irrr. son,as lieutenant-colonel,took the place of William Clark,who was transferretl to the same rank in the sec- ond battalion,and John Carnahan succeeded Samuel Further recruiting Irwin as major,who took the same rank in the third bat- talion.Captain Samuel Royer's company was transfer-"Henn'a Arch., '^-^^-^ol.XIV,p.376, red to the eighth battalion and constituted its first com-"^*- pany.His associated company officers were :First lieutenant,Jacob Foreman;second lieutenant,John Riddlesberger ;ensign,Peter Shaver.The battalion commanders were all well-known military men from the same locality.Abraham Smith \vas colonel ;James Johnston,lieutenant-colonel;John Johnston,major; Thomas Johnston,adjutant ;Terrence Campl^ell,cjuarter- master. Of the subordinate company officers who started out Re-assignments, \vith Captain Royer,James Brotherton became first lieu- tenant of Captain Jack's company,the second company; Jacob Stotler became second lieutenant of the third com- pany,and Robert Snodgrass became ensign of the fourth company,in the same battalion,the eighth,and,later, was commissioned first lieutenant of the fourth company of the first battalion. ^y^,-iiT-ii riTr 1 1 1-•Lieutenant Thomas ihomas Wallace,of Waynesboro,was also at this tnne waikce. holding a commission in this battalion.He was first lieu-,,^,,,^U Penn a Arch., tenant of the seventh company,which was connnanded ^g|- ^^^'p-*"*^' l)y Captain William Findley.Later,he was advanced, serving as first lieutenant of the first company of the first i^so. battalion. The service of these battalions covered a period of S'"" "''"'''" nearly three years;but with reference to the officers in particular,it must not l)e understood that this was a con- stant service.As was the case with the regular Pennsyl- (II) IJO I WAYNESBORO. Militia tours. CHAPTER vni.vania regiments of the line,officers frequently became supernumerary because of the lack of men to fill their commands,so with respect to the officers of the asso- ciators.A perplexing matter,and one which renders almost futile the efforts to trace in full the career of sub- ordinate officers in the ser\'ice.is the peculiar militia sys- tem which prevailed in the state during the period of the war. The "toiu-s of duty"imposed l)}-law upon the "classes" of militia in each county claimed the service of every en- rolled man.no matter whether he was independently en- tered in the service of his countr}-or not,and without re- spect to the fact that he was an officer.So it was not unusual to find at times a commissioned officer,seem- ingly conuuanding in a strange company,but often ser\-- ing as a private upon a tour of home militia duty. The detail of the eighth battalion of Cumberland coun- ty militia on a tour of the "eighth class in service,one thousand seven hundred and seventy-eight,"consisted of the following company from \Vaynesboro :Captain,John Rea ;first lieutenant,Thomas Wallace;ensign,Henry Ralfsnider ;privates,Joseph McClintock.Roliert Fore- man,Hugh Caldwell,AA'illiam vStill,^latthew Jordan,\\'il- liam Rankin,Robert Stuart,A\'iliiani Grass,John Mc- Cray,James liart,John Wilson,Robert Work,Terrence Campbell (quartermaster),Peter Frey, " Jacob Stevens, John Long,John Wallace (second lieutenant), other militia tmiis."By ordcr of couucil for ye first and second classes ve second tour for three hundred men to ye Standing Stone." The detail from the eighth battalion for this tour was un- der command of Lieutenant James Brotherton and Ensign Robert Snodgrass,officers of Captain Rover's original A\'aynesboro company. In another detail during the same period,Jacob Fore- man served as first lieutenant under the command of Captain Patrick Jack. A Waynesboro militia company. 11 Penn'a Arch., Vol..\V,p.606. •II Penn'a Arch Vol.XV,p.60 .Tiilv U.1778. II Penn'a .\rch.. Vol.XV,p.C14. I IN WAR TIMES.171 .•\t the close of the war.Thomas AX'ahace l)ecame the chapter vm. leading-military leader in the neighborhood of W'avnes-„^-Post helium boro.He was commissioned a captain in the militia ser-""''t'-'- vice.A consolidated muster roll of his company as it stood for two years during this period is in existence, and is given elsewhere.The documents from which the information is obtained are in possession of a lady "®^•'"• in \\aynesboro,through whose courtesv access has been Note «. had to them. The elder John Wallace's sons,Thomas and John,were filceiamii? ^^'^^" the most active business men of the family,and it was upon them that their father placed his chief dependence for the transaction of business.Thomas was married ; John remained a bachelor all his life,and to this condition may be attributed to some extent the fact that the lousi- ness missions away from home more frequently fell to his lot than to that of his other sons.His father's land trans- actions required visits at intervals to the county seat at Carlisle,and more or less acquaintance with the provin- cial and state officers at the general seat of government. Be that as it may,John Wallace,the founder,at the out- break of the revolutionary war,does not appear to have been unknown to and without influence with the officers of government.The records,unsatisfactory and meager ^,^_,^'J •=>The founder as a soldier.as they are,yet disclose the fact that he was recognized as \ol.XV;p.522, ,„^....,.n Penn'a Arch., a commissioned officer m the regular continental service,voi.x,p.oto,689; He was formally commissioned a second lieutenant in one of the companies of Colonel jMagaw's sixth Penn-i-"t'''i"aiT i'.i"?. sylvania regiment of the Pennsylvania Line.Owing to the unfortunate condition of the records.Lieutenant Wal- lace's career can not be followed.The writer,in this „,Results of investi- connection,has taken counsel with one whom he con-&^ti°"- siders to be the safest and best authority on Pennsyl- vanians in the revolutionary war,and the following con-Dr.wm.h.Egie. elusion in the premises has been reached :t *,o-.i.»• 1 In the Sixth Re^i- Lieutenant John Wallace,for a time at least,served in ,";f„f,unr.'""'"'^" 172 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VIII. January 1,17S1. Record of the Sixth Regiment. November 16,1176. .lune 6,1776. First association of Franklin county with Gen.Wayne. 1778. At Stony Point. July 16,1779. A worthy military alliance. one of tlie companies in the sixth regiment (Magaw's). His company was Hkely the one Avith which ensign,after- wards first heutenant and l)revet captain,James Gibbons, was connected.W'ahace l)ecame a supernumerary,and. while at home waiting a command,served "tours of chitv" in the mihtia.His connection with the regular ser\'ice continued for nearly four years,as the record of depre- ciation pay in service which lie received to a fixed period, shows. The sixth Pennsylvania regiment of the Line was or- ganized on the l)asis of Colonel Magaw's fifth battalion, which was routed and many of its men and all of its records captured at the disaster of Fort \Vashington. Colonel Magaw remained a prisoner,Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Bicker commanding until he was succeeded by Lieutenant-Colonel Josiah Harmer,who commanded the regiment through most of its military career.Jeremiah Talbot,of Chambersburg.was the major of the regiment. In the arrangement of the Penns}l\ania Line,the divi- sion commanded by General Anthony Wayne consisted of eight regiments,of which the sixth was one. In the daring and successful enterprise of the storming of Stony Point,which rendered famous the name of Gen- eral Anthony ^^'ayne,the sixth Pennsylvania regiment was with him,and to it was credited the honor of having chosen from its ranks one of the "forlorn hopes'which led the assault.The accounts of that daring venture give Lieutenant James Gibbons distinguished notice. He had led the left "forlorn hope;"composed of twenty men,and he lost seventeen killed and wounded.For his gallant conduct he was promoted captain of brevet,i)ar- ticularly mentioned in General A\'ayne's letter,and was voted the thanks of congress. It was with this regiment with such a distinguished record under the general command of the notable "Mad Anthonv"W'avne that John Wallace was connected.It f IN WAR TIMES.173 lias l:)een said that there was no soldier who had been,chapter viii. either directly or indirectly,associated with \\'ayne who did not ever after idolize him.Knowing these facts,is it necessary to seek any further for the reasons whv John A\'allace,veteran soldier,when peace fell and his connec- tion with the old sixth regiment became a memory,should desire to honor the little town settlement,which he was a memory of the , ..past and a name. tostermg around his old mountam-shadowed hon-'e,l)y bestowing upon it the name of the general under whom the regiment with which he had been comiected had so prominently served ? Franklin county was not without its "whiskey boys."the uprising 1-1 .1 ,,-1 1 i -^AGAINST EXCISE.which was a very natural circumstance because it had its full quota of private stills.It is an unjust aspersion of ^'"te -12. the character of ver}-many good and law-abiding citizens to make a wholesale charge of lawlessness and disloyalty against them because they had decided views as to the right of the government to carry out the policy upon which the excise which caused the troul^le in Pennsylvania at this period was based.It must be remembered that 1794. this was the first time substantially that the general gov- ernment had endeavored to levy a direct tax upon the people of the states,and there were very many even at that early day who agreed with the views which are held subTect"^ °^ by a very much larger number to-day that the principle of direct taxation of the states by the general govern- ment is not of the soundest character.Add to this the fact that those who were engaged in the manufacture of spirits at that day carried on their business without any assistance from the o'overnment,either state or general; that they had no other method of disposing of their grain than that offered bv distilling it :that thev had been for a long time compelled not only to address themselves to the duties of their occupation,but as well to protect them- sehes by arms from the dangers which threatened them 174 AVAVXESnORO. The outlaw element. CHAPTER VIII.on every hand,in wliich protection the state government rendered them little and the general government no as- sistance.For the general gox'crnir.ent,nndcr these cir- cnmstances,to exact from them a share of the hard-earn- ed protits of their occupation seemed to them indeed a hardship. As in a time of all public excitement there is a class of lawless people who are ready and anxious to take ad- vantage of the situation to run riot into deeds of violence, so on the occasion of this period of excitement the out- law element found its opportunity. Although removed some distance from the center of excitement vet,as above stated,Franklin count^'had those of her citizens who were ready to add fuel to the flame.The demonstration,however,was not of a seri- ous character,but manifested itself chiefly in the attempt- ed erection of so-called "liberty poles."We have the testimony of a reliable witness who wrote an interesting September 22.1794. igj-^gj-^-q ^gj-j^^g government oflicial when the excitement was at its height in Franklin county,giving quite a characteristic account of the attempted raising of a liberty pole in Chambersburg by the "rioters." Franklin county- liberty poles. Colonel James Chambers. In other sections of the country.There were ebullient signs also in other sections of the county which included the Waynesboro district,but there is no evidence to prove that they amounted to any thing more in the region along the South Mountain than a strikingly effervescent expression of opinion by those who were actually engaged in the manufacture of spirits and their enthusiastic friends.There is a vague tradition re- cording the attempted raising of a liberty pole in the neighborhood of Ouincy,but it cannot be stated as a fact. It is a fact,however,that there was a most turbulent element awakened and active at this time in that localit}'. This episode in l^ennsylvania history is chiefly inter- esting to the people of Franklin count}'because of the IN WAR TI^ilKS.175 fact that it l)r()Ught President A\'ashington ^vith his niiH-chapter viii. tary escort into the neighborhood and awakened the {^[.'-f^sit.^^'"''""^' people to the highest pitch of patriotic enthusiasm. Tlie idea of an excise on s|)irits was never po])nlar in instory of the law. Pennsylvania.The first law of this kind in the province ^*'^*- was passed at an early day,but was never successfully considered as a permanent means of raising rex'enue,but rather as an emergency method. At a later period the provincial assembly of Pennsyl-1744. vania again tried it for the purpose of raising money to aid in the public defence.Still later the attention of the -^-.^^ assemljly was directed to it,and an excise was laid on all.".... f. ..Experiments by the domestic and foreign spirits,but so far as domestic spirits assembly. were concerned the law was a dead letter until the ex- penses of the go^•ernment after the outbreak of the revo- lutionary war rendered the enforcement of the law im- perative.Even then a large amount of the excise levied remained due and uncollected. When congress took steps to make up to the army ^'^®°- what it had suffered on account of a depreciated currency, .^,.. ,A depreciationandapportionedtheamountofdepreciationuponthemeasure, several states,Pennsylvania endeavored to collect the un- paid excise tax accrued and accruring for this purpose, but even then discovered that the measure w^as most un- popular although attempted under state authority.It is not to be wondered at.therefore,that when sometime May 3,1791. after the adoption of the federal constitution congress laid an excise of four pence per gallon on all distilled Position of federal 1 i o levy. spirits,the smothered fire burst forth into a flame which was kept blazing wherever there was fuel to feed it. Several movements later were made,but all to no avail, the opposition growing and gathering strength with its grow^th until it resulted in open attacks upon the officers of the government which could not be overlooked,lead- ing to the proclamation of President Washington and*' ^.August 7,1794. the subsequent re(|uisition upon the governors of Vir- 176 IN WAR TIMES. CHAPTER VIII. The Pennsylvania troops. Their commanders. ginia,Alaryland,New Jersey and Pennsylvania for twel\'e thousand nine linndred and fifty troops to quell the dis- t u r b a n c e in western Penn- sylvania ;the so-called "whis- ke\-insurrec- tion." Governor Thomas Alifflin was the com- mander-in-chief of the Pennsyl- vania troops. They consisted of one division of five thou- sand one hun- dred and nine- tv-six men.and were under the c o m m a n d of Major General William Irvine. This division was made up of three brigades, the first com- m a n d e d b >' Brigadier Gen- eral T h o m a s Proctor ; the s e c o n d.b y Brigadier Gen- Brio-adier General "i V v.^^K' ';s- eral Francis Murray,and the third.1)\ lames Chambers,the revolutionarv hero of Franklin IN WAR TIME:S.177 county.His brig-ade consisted of about seventeen hun-'hai'teh vm. dred n:en.of which number Frankhn county furnished two hundred and eighty-one. The moral effect of calHng out and furwar(hng the The dose of the troops to the scene of (hsorder was sufficient.The riot- ers were dispersed without the firing of a gun.The troops started on tlie homeward march from Pittsburg, returning through the mountains Ijy the way of Bedford. Strasljurg,Shippensburg to CarHsle.wliere thev were disbanded. war. November 1.5,1794. in the second war with Great Britam.tlie people of the war of 1S12-14. the Cumberland \'alley again proved to the country that they were actuated by the true patriotic si)irit.Thev re-^,^^^ . i -Declared .June 12, sponde.d with alacrity to every call of the government for ^^^^' troops.The organized militia companies of Franklin county were among the hrst to tender their services to the governor of Pennsylvania,and at an early day a de-^'^ptember 5,1812. tachment.comprising five crack companies of the county,N-ote 43. mustering in all two hundred and sixtv-four officers and men.joined with newlv enlisted men sufficient to make „,v'-Franklin county up the county's quota of live hundred,and started out *'"°"''^' under the command of Major William McClelland.Ijri- gade inspector of the county,for the place of rendezvous at AleadvJlle.on the northwestern frontier of the state. Here two regiments of riflemen and two of infantry were formed,and the Franklin county troops were incorpor- ated in this organization.Jared Irwin became colonel of the first regiment of ritiemen ;William Piper of the sec- ond regiment of riliemen :Jeremiah Snider of the first regiment of infantry :and John Pur\'iance of the second regiment of infantry.These four regiments were formed into a brigade,which was attached to the second division jj pe^n-a Arch., under the general command of General Adamson Tanna-^''-p-"^• hill. 178 WAYNESBORO. (liAPTKR VIII. Militia fines. Under the working-of the tlien efficient military law of tlie state,it was no easy matter for men who were playing soldier in time of ])eace to escape from service when there was an actnal call to war.A\'hen a "tour of duty"was ordered by proper anthority.every enlisted man was re- qnired to perform his service or become "delinqnent," and be snl^ject to a fine of sixteen dollars every month dnring the term of the tour.No particular discredit at- tached to the non-performance of duty,Init the law against delinquents was most rigorously enforced.Every delinquent was entitled to an appeal from the fine assessed against him l)y the court-martial,but,failing to appeal, the fine could not be avoided. Franklin county delinquents. October 26,1S12. It is interesting to note that among the first duties which Brigade Inspector McClelland was called upon to perforin after he reached the front was to report to the auditor-general of the state the names of the members of the Franklin county companies who had subjected them- selves to a fine for non-performance of the "tour of duty."Under a report,which bore the following head- ing.Brigade Inspctor McClelland sends in the names of some twenty-six of Franklin county's best citizens for court-martial. "A list of all delinquents in Captain Snider's 'Union Volunteers,"Captain Harper's 'Concord Infantry,'Cap- tain Hay's 'Mercersburg Riflemen,'and Captain Oak's 'Antrim Greens Riflemen,'who have not appeared,or whose appeals ha^•e been determined against them for not performing the present 'tour of duty.' " The report concludes as follows: "George Bryan,Esquire: "In obedience to Law I forward the above list to you. I cannot annex 'the sum due from each respecti\'elv,'not l)eing certain of the length of the Tour IN WAR TIMES.179 of Duty.The Militia Law says two Months &no longer,chapter viii. I think the Act of Congress says any term of time not exceeding Six Months,&if I understood the Governor correctly,he said Six Mounths unless the men were sooner discharged.So much is certain it is Sixteen Dol- lars per Month during the tour." X^A'i'S^—' In the first detachment of troops which went out from ;^dditionai caii for 1 i troops. the county no organized body from Waynesboro or Washington township was included,but,later,the Fed-.lanuary 15,1814. eral Government,having made a call for additional troops from Pennsylvania,Governor Snyder,through N. B.Boileau,Secretary of the Commonwealth,notified Bri-n Penn-a Arch., gade Inspector McClelland that a detachment of one one thousand militia to march to the defense of Erie would be called from the counties of Cumberland,York, Adams and Franklin.The formal call soon followed,and pebruaiy vth. the first and second brigades of the Seventh division,the former under command of James Lamberton,brigade inspector of Cumberland county,the latter under com- mand of William McClelland,of Franklin county,and the second brigade of the Fifth division.Colonel George W^elsh,brigade inspector,commanding,were called upon to fill the quota of one thousand men,and were desig-May 12,isi4. nated for the service of the United States,and,under the original orders,were commanded to rendezvous at Erie ^^^^.^^^^.^g^^^ on a day certain,or as soon thereafter as possible. When these troops arrived at Erie the}-were organized into one regiment of ten companies,and were known as I So WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VIII.the Fifth regiment of Pennsyhania troops.James Fen- Fifth Regt ^*^^"became colonel ;James Wood,of Greencastle,was major,and Thomas Poe.of Antrim,was adjutant.Major Wood commanded the regiment for a considerable period of time,owing to the resignation of Colonel Fen- ton and the early death of Lieutenant Colonel Bull. A draft resorted to. ^^j^j^^^^^^^^^^.^^^^^^^j^jj^^^witllOUt difficultV.It WaS found necessary to resort to a draft.Franklin county was much helped by the timel}'tender of the services of Dunif"\impany.Captaiu Saiuuel Dunn's company of riflemen from Fan- nettsburg,who agreed to make part of the cpiota.This company was among the most enthusiastic troops in the valley,and at a much earlier date their captain had ten- dered their serxices to the government,although without avail,in the following patriotic letter : June 15.1813. " Fannettsl~)urgh,Franklin Co.,Pa. Sir:Being authorized by a A'olunteer Company of Riflemen in the 6th Regiment,jd Brigade,7th Division, Penna.Alilitia to inform your Excellency that they have made a Tender of Service to you for 6 months,or what time such corps are wanted,we oliered our Services in the regular way to our Respective Brigade Inspector William McClelland,Esq..who has no doubt reported us before this time. The present communication is to inform you of the great anxiety the Company are in to receive Marching orders,which we hope will l)e in your power to give us very soon when if we meet the Enemy of our Country I ha\-e no doubt l)ut the result will he Highly Honorable to ourseh'es and the State to which we belong. The Company Consists of 50 men,all well armed .^ Equipped ready at any time you may think proper to order us to take the field.We have made no stipulation where we wiW march to,and will therefore not hesitate a moment to meet the Enemy within the United States,but will without those limits with ardor seek and with the de- termination belonging to Freemen punish the unpro- voked In\aders of our Countr^•,with the assurance that IN WAR TIMES.I8[ you will (1)}'giving-ns marching orders),give ns an op-chapter viii. portimity of displaying our Patriotism to our Country." iU>7-^ oops.It was in aiding to fill this call for troops that the sol-Waynesboro tr diers from \\'avnesl)oro served.Captain Samuel Gor-^Kote 44. don's company,one hundred and fourteen officers and men,were all from this locality.With the other Frank- lin county troops they marched to Erie,and were incor- porated into Colonel James Fenton's Fifth regiment. It was in this company of Captain Gordon,that one, who subsequently became one of the most prominent and noteworthy citizens of \\"aynesl)oro,l)egan his military career.General James Burns.He entered the service of N„te 45. the bhiited i-^tates,as third lieutenant of Captain Gordon's company,and by meritorious service was subsequentlv advanced,until he held the rank of captain.He served with his company and regiment through all their active campaigns.He was in the l)attle of Lundy's Lane and several other hard-fought engagements. A number of interesting stories of his war life are told bv his descendants.On one occasion he is said to have incidents in ws life. been sent with his conqjany against the British,and the enemy,being some distance away,was approached care- fully,until only a Inickwheat field lay between the oppos- ing forces,and Captain Burns could see the red coats of the enemy.He commanded his men to drop on their knees and aim at the buckwheat blossoms,with the result Gen.James Burns. I82 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER VIII. A militia officer. 18S5-37 1875. Married 1814. 1875. A brave Franklin countv soldier. that his fire was so effective that the British were com- pelled to retire. On another occasion the British had taken possession of an old mill.A company of Americans had failed to drive them out.Captain Burns was then sent with his men and leading the charge upon the mill,he made such a desperate assault that the enemy was dislodged and the mill captured. Cieneral Burns was born on the old Burns'home-place, al)out three miles east of Waynesboro,and was a son of John Burns,or Bourns,as the name is sometimes written, the maker of revolutionary cannon,an account of which is given earlier in this work. General Burns,who recei\ed his title "General"from his long connection with the militia service of the town and county,was a leading spirit in all movements of a public nature in Waynesboro.He was sheriff of Frank- lin county and was a justice of the peace for many years. Burns Hill cemetery received its name from him;he owned the land and was the first person buried there.He was a Presbyterian and prominent in church affairs.His wife was Jane Downey.His sister,Esther Burns,was married to John Wallace,the nephew of John Wallace, the founder of A\"aynesboro.He lived to a rare old age, eighty-nine years,and died,respected by all. It was also from Captain Gordon's company that the adjutant of the Fifth regiment was chosen,the gallant Thomas Poe.He resigned the position \\hich he had held for several years,deputy surveyor of Franklin coun- ty,to enlist as a private in Captain Gordon's company. His qualifications were soon recognized in his promotion to the important regimental position mentioned.His career was short but brilliant.His daring conduct soon won for him a name.Upon one occasion,it is said,sin- gle-handed,he (|uelled a dangeons mutiny among the troops bA"the mere force of his will,and in iiis last battle IN WAR TIMES.183 his gallant intrepid l)earing-won the admiration of all.chapter mil He fell,mortally wounded,at the battle of Chippewa,and j^^^.^^g^^ died a few days after. The Fifth regiment belonged to the corps of veterans sewice of the Fifth "^"^'- Regimont. commanded l)y Brigadier General Peter B.Porter,and in its tour of six months saw most acti\"e service on this side of the border and in Canada as well,participating in the battle of Bridgewater,Chippewa and Lundy's Run,suf- fering se\'cre losses during its campaign.\\hat higher testimonv to this regiment's admirable conduct could be asked than that contained in the following letter from its corps commander to the Governor of Penns}lvania : 'Buftalo.August 30,1814. Sir:^riie Regiment of Pa.Volunteers under Col.Fen- ton hax'ing completed their term of service are about re- turning to their homes. It \\\\\always Ije a source of pride as well as pleasure to me to retiect that I had the good fortune to ha\"e this patriotic body of men attached to my command.The re- lation in which i stood to them has gi\'en me the fullest opportunit}'of observing their conduct;and I should feel that I had not performed my duty were I to suffer them to depart without carrying to you the evidence of the high sense I entertain of their meritorious services. Before the opening of the Campaign,they had.by the most assiduous industry and attention,become respect- able proficients in military tactics.Since that time,they have performed -every labor,discharged every duty in camp,and borne every privation necessarily incident to active military operations,with an alacrity,a cheerfulness and a fortitude which can never be surpassed.In the higdier and more arduous duties of the held they have fur- nished examples of steadiness,intrepidity and gallantry which would have done honor to.and which has enabled them to vanquish,the veteran troops of Europe.In this character of them I am supported by the testimony of Alajor General Brown and other principal officers of the regular armv. I regret that their loss,both in officers and men,has 1 84 CHAPTER VIII. WAVXKSr.ORO. been so severe,il will,however,be a consolation of no inconsiderable value to the friends of those men who have fallen,that the\-ha\-e fallen in the discharge of that noble and exalted dnt}- —the dnty we owe to onr beloved Coun- try. This conmumication will be handed to yoti by Maj. Wood,who,in consequence of the severe indisposition of Col.Fenton.and the early fall of Col.Bull,commanded the reg'iment for a considerable part of the time the}'were in Canada.The cool judgment and intrepidity which he has displayed in the various affairs with the enemy ; and the hardships and hazards which he has voluntarily encountered bv continuing the active command of the Regiment,while laboring imder the etTects of severe wounds,received at the battle of Bridgewater.will entitle him to your Excellency's particular notice.To him and to Col.Fenton I beg leave to refer you for particular in- formation as to the indi\'i(lual merit of the officers and men of the regiment. I have the honor to be.with great respect," t^-ucc ^t er£^.A^ $^^yytc^'SO'*^^ ^fy:>-^M^M^ J ^»^>'Z--t-^'^-t> His Excellency, Simon Snider. August 24,1S14. August 27th. When temporary disasters overtook the American armies,and the capitol buildings at Washington were de- stroyed by the enemy,Governor Snyder issued a general order couched in such stirring language as to fire the ardor of the people to the highest pitch,and there was no lack of volunteers to march to Baltimore to repel the in- vaders. In this patriotic purpose the little town shadowed by the South ^Mountain was not behind its neighbors.\\'hen IN WAR TIMES.185 the volunteers from Chaml)ersl)itrg-,Greencastle and chapter viii. Mercersburg took up the march,they found Captain \v,v„esboro troops John Flannigan's company with six hundred and fifty of- ''^i^aitimore. ficers and men from Waynesboro ready to cross the mountain with them to Baltimore,there to perform their ,^^,^^Note 46. full share of ser\'ice under Colonel John Findley.until the date of discharge. During the Alexican war the same patriotic enthusiasm the Mexican" ...WAR. and the same readiness to serve their country which char- acterized other localities prevailed in W^aynesboro.A few recruits from this locality helped to make up the quota of companies recruited in Chambersl)urg,but the two regularly organized companies in W^avnesboro were Waynesboro com- '>.o J^-'panies. never nuistered into the ser\-ice.So far as has 1)een as- certained,these companies were officered as follows : First company,"Waynesboro Blues,"captain.James Stewart;second company."Waynesboro Rifles,"captain. D.B.Russell ;first lieutenant.Joseph H.Crebs ;second lieutenant.Joseph Bender. Jn the old Union graveyard the remains of a soldier of ..The grave of a the jMexican war by the name of Davis lie buried,it is soldier, to be regretted that complete rolls of the soldiers of the Mexican war are not now accessible An Old Defender. :i2) CHAPTER IX. The opening days. IX AVAR TniES.—Part II. WHEN THE UXIOX WAS PRESERVED:OPEXING DAYS.BEFORE AXD AFTER AXTIETAM. CHAPTER IX.Te)A(57"HEX tlie shot which was fired at Sumter certi- TH?:WAR FOR V V ^^^^^^^^^Uiiioii and the world at large that THE UNION. ^^,^^_l)etween the northern and southern sections April 12,1861.of the American I'nion was an established fact,the long- repressed feelings of the people,particularly of the dwell- ers alono-the border,broke forth in the wildest excite- ment.A\"ho,that has lived through it,will ever forget those earlier days of the war?There arose later,and more serious causes for apprehension and excitement,but a realization of the situation preceded them of which was l)orn a calmer spirit :but in those earlier days,when in Demonstration and serious thought.cvcrv towu and Aillasie along the border,men,women and children,in lighter spirit,vied with each other in patriotic demonstration,serious-minded men came together to de- vise plans to aid their government,and grew graver as they counselled with each other concerning the dangers which beset their borderland homes. Situation of border ,.^. ,,.,,. towns.1 he rennsyhania towns along the southern border of the Cumberland \'alle_\-,at the outbreak of the war,oc- cupied a dangerous situation which was not shared l)y the interior towns of the State.They were in the direct line of any invasion which might be projected by the South- ern army,and were almost constantly menaced l3y bands of raiders sent out from the Army of Northern Mrginia. Season of fervor Add to the fcar engendered bv this situation tlie ex- and excitement.'^ citement incident to the awakening patriotic spirit of the people and tlie actixe preparations for aggressive warfare and defense,and there is i^resented a condition of affairs WAYNESBORO.1 87 which may be appreciated when experienced,l)ut chapter ix. language fails to adequately describe it. A\'aynesboro,although up to that period a very quiet Jponds"'"'"'' ''' countr}^town,answered the call to war,as did her sister towns in the neighborhood.The public places,including the churches,continually presented scenes of busy ac- 't^1 1 1 'r Ngws centers Tiid tnity.i he ta\-erns were news centers,and the items ot agents. '' information disseminated therefrom were greedily de- voured.The political newspapers,formerly content to simply dispense the local happenings,now presented "war news,"dou1)]y leaded with "scare heads,''and thuii dered forth in stirring appeals to actively patriotic citi- zens for service or financial assistance,and with ecpial force denounced in scathing language those who,accord- ing to the views of the editor,were willfullv indifferent or worse. There was scarcely any of those first days which passed l)y without a public meeting of some kind,and a fervent T^^^ ^^^^^^^""^^*' address or two from some leader among the people. On account of the unsatisfactory condition of the Home enlistments, records remaining,it is now impossible to give here a complete statement of all the soldiers who left Waynes- boro,but it is hoped that the incidents in this regard gathered from authentic sources,and which follow,will "linage Record." not be de^'oid of interest. A'olunteering for the service began in the town within a week after the firing upon Fort Sumter.Following is the list of the \-anguard of A\^aynesboro's volunteers, which,at an early day.were reported to have passed mus- ter at Harrisburg and become members of regular organi-April 2.5,isei. zations : John E.Walker,L.vS.Fisher.George F.Price,David Aloorehead,George ^^'alker.Henry GraylHll.Columbus Lum.E.\A'.Washabaugh,John Hollinger,John Mickley, Jacob Funk,Joseph Little,Jackson Harne,Martin Alaugans,W.A.Cassatt. i88 WAYNKSBORO. CHAPTER IX. Arrangements for recruiting. Infantrj'company. May 9th. Home g^Jard. Kirst recruiting of- ficers. .\n effective orator. Steps had already been taken at this time for the re- cruiting in the town of a regular company of infantry. The store of W.H.Brotherton was the first recruiting headquarters,as well as headquarters for supplying "Sharp's patent breecli-loading repeaters to farmers and others who wish to arm themselves."Within an incred- ibly short time,a company of infantry,consisting of fifty men,was enlisted for three months'service,and was re- ported as officered as follows : Captain,A\'.H.Brotherton :first lieutenant,Samuel Hoefiick :second lieutenant,W.A.Tritle ;first sergeant. \A'.H.Stoner:second sergeant,W.H.Brenneman ;third sergeant,Thomas J-\\'alker ;first corporal,James B. French ;second corporal,Samuel Gipe ;third corporal, T.G.Pilkington,fourth corporal,\\'.S.Hollinberger ; quartermaster,John H.Herr. A large nun.iber of men was also enrolled at this time for service in the home guard,but diu'ing the earlier days of its existence this guard did not materialize into an armed force,owing to certain difficulties which arose with respect to giving bond to the State for the necessary arms.Later,however,individually and collectively,the members of the home guard did as good service for the cause as was rendered in any locality in the neighborhood. During the first months of the war,before a regular systematic plan of recruiting had been adopted by the Government,man}'soldiers were inducted into the army from \\a^"nesl)oro and neighboriiood l)v regularly en- listed officers Nvho were "to the manner born."and well acquainted with the people. On a certain dav.which may still l)e remembered 1)}" old citizens for the stirring character of its events.Hon- orable Wilson Reily.a former resident who had become captain of a company called the "McClure Rifles,"came from Chambersburg in the interests of his company,and in the evening'-,in front of Sibbitt's hotel,delivered a IN WAR TIMES.189 brief l3Ut fervid address in his usual eloqueut stvle.chapter ix. The uext morning the following named individuals left town to join his command at Chambersburg:Wilson Pil- kington,John Russ and Courtney Young.One week Mcciure's Rifles. later the McClure Rifles left for Camp Curtin,at Harris-^June 13th. burg,to join the Pennsylvania Reserve corps. The first regiment from Franklin First FrankUn county regiment. county was known as the Second regi- ment of Pennsylvania xolunteeis.and was commanded by Colonel Frederick S.Stumbaugh.Company A,of this re-Company a. giment.was commanded by Captain Peter B.Housum,of Chambersburg, capt.JOHN E.WALKER,^j^,I j,^|-,ig compauy John E.Walker,of ^^'aynesboro,began his military service as a private,soon being promoted to the position of orderly sergeant.company b Company B,in the same regiment,was commanded by Captain James E.Elder,and in his company were the following privates from \\'aynesboro :J.H.Funk,Cyrus Gossert,J.Alickley and D.Moorehead. The next soldiers who went from AA'aynesboro to join More volunteers. the Franklin county regiment were ]\Iichael H.Stoner, George Davis,\\'iinam Askwith,John R.Smith and J. McDonough.These men were enlisted in Chambers- burg.Ti 1 r 11 tn.T1 T^iT-ii 1^-11 Sergeant Walker at in the early fall Sergeant John E Walker was detailed home, as a recruiting officer at Wavnesboro to secure recruits ^^,^„„,•=>'September 5,1861. for Colonel Stumbaugh's regiment,now being reorgan- ized for longer service.His headquarters were at the Continental Hotel.Within three weeks he reports hav- ing received twenty-two recruits.They were as follows : Daniel Young,William Gonder,John Perviance,Hiram Cease,\Mlliam Wilson,Thaddeus Cook,Samuel Wade, Jacob Royer,David Ditch,Theodore M.Carbaugh, Henry Plenicle,Samuel Wolf,John Wolf,Jere.Row, I go CHAPTER IX. More recruiting. October 16th. Lieutenant AVelsh comes home. December 13th. U.S.recruiting officers. Showing:their colors. "Village Record." Pole raising. WAYNESBORO. David ]\Iartin,Jolm Williams,Samuel Switzer,James J. Rouzer,John Row,Jeremiah Cooper,John Wetzel.\\"\l- liam Embly. Sergeant Walker left with his recruits,and went with them to Pittsburg-to see that they were properly in- stalled in their command,and afterwards returned to A\'avnesboro,and remained there for a while longer en- gaged in recruiting.He was succeeded in this work by Ivieutenant George \\'.Welsh,another Waynesboro boy, who came there to aid in filling up Colonel McAllen's regiment of infantry. During the later years of the war recruiting was sys- tematically carried on not only in Waynesboro but at every other available point by officers detailed for the purpose by the United States Government. He was not considered a good,loyal citizen in those days who failed to make demonstration of his patriotism by the profuse display about his home and place of busi- ness of the flag,or the national colors in some shape. W^aynesboro was not behind in this respect.The follow- ing communication to the local newspaper,which may.or may not,have been from the pen of its intensely patriotic editor,shows the state of feeling in the town on this sub- ject : "It becomes every worthy citizen,and cocli for himself, to show his colors openly to his neighbors and to the world by displaying at his own dear home the glorious old Hag of his country,which has been bought by the patri- otic blood of our forefathers and bequeathed to us by their last wills,written and sealed in crimson gore,as an everlasting inheritance." During the first summer of the war the village was,so to speak,enwrapped in bunting.Public movement to set the example of flag flying was not wanting.An immense hickory pole was cut in the mountain,brought to town IN WAR TIMES.191 and planted in front of Sibbitt's Hotel.From this pole,chapter ix. later,a large flag was thrown to the breeze with appro-m^^..2^^ggi priate ceremony. A week later another large pole,one hundred and forty May oth. feet in length,was raised on the eastern hill of jNIain street.Some time afterwards another,one hundred and thirty feet in length,was planted on ]\Iechanics street. The colors of Waynesboro were visible miles away,and g^^^f^Q,„^,^g the wayfarer upon the mountains,whether friend or foe, "^"™^^"^' could read while running the storv thev told. In war times,one e\ent "doth tread upon another's ^^"'^'^^happenings, heels,so fast they follow,"but.unfortunately for this re- countal,very few of the interesting happenings about Waynesboro have been recorded.There were,doubtless, manv incidents like the following which will now be in- teresting to recall : On a certain Tuesday morning,W.H.Brotherton and isei,October leth. George Walker left A\'aynesboro,unwisely,as the sequel shows,and started for Alartinsburg,W^est Virginia,to follow after the army with a two-horse wagon laden with sundry supplies useful to the troops.The next morning L.B.Kiu"tz and Joshua McCumsey,similarly equipped with wagon and contents,also left for the same point on a like mission.The first party had followed the army several miles when they broke a wheel.This detention Prisoners of war. was only the beginning of their trouble.Confederate scouts swept down upon them,and they were captiired ; a short time afterwards,the two who had followed shared the same fate.All were taken to Winchester, Virginia,as prisoners of war. The result of this unfortunate venture was made known to the home friends of the participants at an early dav bv the following letter to the father of George Wal- ker,written from Old Town,Alleo-anv,Marvland,h\one 192 CHAPTER IX. Julv 22nd. They go to Rich- mond. August 15,1861. September 28,1861. Home again. January 28,1862. A royal welcome. A favorite of the ladies. WAYNESBORO. who liacl l)een a fellow-prisoner,but was fortunate enono-h to escape : "Dr.Thomas \\'alker: Your son,George,and William Brotherton are prison- ers of war in the A\'inchester jail:also L.B.Kurtz.If they should not get their release soon it may be they will be sent to Richmond. From a war prisoner who was so fortunate as to get ofT from the infernal rebels. Christopher Kelly." .\fter remaining some time at AA'inchester,Brotherton and his companions,in company with J.Allison Eyster, of Chambersburg,who had been arrested on suspicion of being a spy.were taken to Richmond,and there confined for a while in an old warehouse,and afterwards in the jail. The \A'aynesboro people were charged with furnishing the Federal army with supplies.Eyster was the first of the unfortunates to be released.The rest of the party were held as prisoners until near the close of the year,and it was not until the new year was well started on its way that they reached their homes in Waynesboro.Their welcome was a royal one.A\'hen Kurtz and ]McCumsey arrived at Kurtz's Hotel they found a large crowd of people gathered there to welcome them.Captain Dock's band was present and serenaded the home-comers,and the hospitalities of the Kurtz house were extended to the assembled company. The other prisoner.George AA'.AA'alker.came home some time later.He had fared much better than his com- panions in his imprisonment.He had been fortunate enough to be detailed as a clerk in the quartermaster's department,at Richmond.Before his departure he was presented with a gold chain by friendly ladies,who took occasion to express their Union sentiments in this brief note which accompanied the jH'esent : IN WAR TIMES.19: February 13,ISii'i. *'Mr.Walker:chapter l\. Please accept this chain as a token of our regard. May the parts in the great chain of our States be more securely linked than they ha\'e been since their formation as a Union. 'Respectfully, "n ]\Iuch has been written and spoken about the self-sac-woman-s work, rificing'work done by the loyal women of the Xorth dur- ing the war for the preservation of the Union,but the theme is exhaustless.and no story of the part played in the war by any locality is complete without particular mention of woman's part therein. As elsewhere,so in Waynesboro,the women were woman's Aid Society. earnest and active.At an early day a meeting was held in the old town hall,and a woman's aid society was formed,which was officered as follows :President,Mrs.s^Pt^'^ber 23,isei. R.Amberson ;vice-president,]\Irs.W.Lechler ;secre- tary,Mrs.E.Downey;treasurer,Mrs.E.Tritle. The history of the capable work done by this society,ciaTe'd.^'"^'' ^''^'^'^ individually and in its co-operation with kindred societies elsewhere,may not now be written,but,be assured, among the sweetest memories still cherished by certain old soldiers now in the sunset of life is the recollection of what the woman's aid societv of Waynesboro did for them when they were its beneficiaries in the days that were lonely and weary during the war. A\'hen the tide of war first turned northward,when the ^'^Antietam. army of Lee came to meet the forces of the Union on the very threshold of the border,and the wail of the tempest of battle was heard along the quiet banks of the Antie- tam,almost to the fountain heads of its waters,the days to the people of W^aynesboro were one long suspense, and the nights a constant vigil.As one,who stands upon the beach when a storm is raging in fur\'upon the mighty 194 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER IX.deep,hears the sullen roar of the breakers as they dash 1862 Sept 16 and l^iidward,aiid notes the relics of wrecks and other float- ^'' ing objects driven to the shore,so the people of this ([iiiet Days of suspense,town awaitcd tlic issue.while the waves of the great con- flict advanced and receded.Small bodies of troops,conr- Nights of vigil. iers,messengers and scouts,all riding on hasty missions, an occasional wagon train,bearing supplies for the army, a returned citizen scout,who had gone as far as he had been permitted to advance upon a tour of investigation, were the flotsaiii and jcfsoiii which told of the great storm, born of the passions of men.\\hich was raging near, baltu!^ ^^^°^*'''''The two weeks and more prior to the battle of Antie- lam were a period of the intensest excitement along the Intense excitement...^it*• border,it was known that Lee s army was moving northward,and it was of the gravest importance that Pennsylvania should be defended against invasion,and that the objective point of the Confederate commander should be known by the Federal authorities as early as possible. Review of the sit-\brief rcvicw of the situation which confronted Gov- iiation. ernor Curtin in his endeavors to defend the State,and,at the same time,aid the general government,may be prop- erly here presented. Troops in the vai-Thcrc werc at this time a few regular troops at Car- ley. '^ lisle,and a somewhat greater number of men in incom- plete organization at Harrisburg and scattered at dif- ferent points throughout the Aalley.Captain Hastings had command of the regular troops at Carlisle barracks. Captain William ].Palmer was exerting himself to get into ])roper sha]ie the Anderson cavalry to aid him in his scouting operations along the border.A small body of troops lay at Gettysburg,and a company of cavalry was raised,but unsupplied with arms,at ?(Iercersburg. IN'^WAR TIMES.195 Colonel A.K.]\[cClnre was assistant adjutant-general chapteh ix. of the United States,assigned to dntv at Harrisbiirg,but ,,.,..,,,^ci .o'Military head- as Chambersburg was military headquarters for most all ^"^'*®''®- Union troops in the valley,as well as the home of Colonel AfcCIure,he operated chiefly from that point,and ren- dered most valuable aid to both the State and the Federal governments. It is impossible to read the correspondence between <"f- 5,*^^ union '-^and Confederate the State and Federal authorities during this period with-voT"xixf"pai/"11. out being impressed by the fact that they were acting at cross purposes wdth each other.Governor Curtin firmh'Governor cm-tin's view. believed,and there is evidence to show that General AIc- Clellan shared the belief with him,that the State of Penn-^^^^47^ sylvania was about to be invaded by the Southern army. On the other hand.Secretary Stanton and General General Halleek's Halleck.apprehensive of an attack upon Washington,re-"^w. fused to see the wisdom of a policy that would di\-ert any portion of the Army of the Potomac from a position be- tween the enemy and the national capital.Governor Curtin and his military assistants pleaded in vain for a Sept.7th and sth. single regiment of disciplined troops to form a nucleus for the green militia army that was being called out for the defense of the border,and to act in concert with Gen- eral McClellan.General Halleck had but one reply to all these urgent demands :"We have no troops in Wash- ington or Baltimore to send to Harrisburg,it being sup- posed that the best defence of Harrisburg is to strengthen the forces now marching against the enemy under Gen- eral AlcClellan." Finding his plea for a bodv of disciplined troops from^' _/-s •September 9th. Washington or Baltimore of no avail.Governor Curtin addressed a recjuest for authority from the Secretary of War to use the regular cavalry and their officers then at Carlisle barracks,and such of the "Anderson troop"as may be needed for immediate service in the valley;his purpose being to place the forces under the conunand of 196 CHAPTER IX. Halleck does not understand. Governor Curtin explains the mat- ter. General Andrew Porter. September 7th. Halleck's reply. Scplemljer 10th. A commander is [ironiiscd. General Wool ap- pointed. WAYNESBORO. Captain William J.Palmer for scouting service south of the State line,as desired by General McClellan. To this written request,the general-in-chief,to whom it had been referred by the Secretary of War,still fixed in his determination ^^ith respect to furnishing the Gov- ernor of Pennsylvania with troops,made answer that he did not deem it advisable to assemble troops at so many different points,expressing himself positively against the retention of troops at Harrisburg,or the sending of any others there. In reply to this the Governor gave the general-in-chief to understand that he did not comprehend what had been requested of him,that what the Governor wanted was only to be permitted to use the unemployed forces at Carlisle.At this time he also requested of the Washing- ton authorities that they would definitely define the du- ties of General Andrew Porter. Now,General Andrew Porter,at an earlier day,on the suggestion of General ]\IcClellan,had been ordered to re- port to Governor Curtin.and was assigned to duty in Pennsylvania,but without authority to assume command of any particular undertaking. General Halleck,in reply to the Governor's inquiry about General Porter,informed him that the General "was sent to assist him in raising and organizing troops. He was not assigned to anv command.It is of Aital im- portance that all troops be sent here \\hile connnunica- tions are open." Then follows the reiteration of the AA'ashington policy that "the best way to defend Pennsylvania is to send troops to ^^'ashington." The GoA'ernor is promised,however,that an officer of high rank will be sent to Harrisburg to act as exigencies required,and on the same day Major General John E. Wool,who had been in command of forces at Baltimore, was assigned to the duty of organizing forces north of the IN WAR TIMES.197 Susquehanna.He was assigned to this duty while efforts chapter ix. were on foot to secure the appointment of ]\Iajor General General Reynolds John F.Reynolds to Harrisburg. General jMcClellan was asked if he could spare Rey- nolds.His reply to the incpiiry was:"General Reynolds is now engaged in an important service.=:=**** I cannot see how his ser\'ices can be spared at the present time."On the same day the matter was settled by this order from General Halleck :"General Reynolds'division can be commanded by some one else.He has been desig-ReynoWs assigned, nated for other duty,and must report here immediately."September nth. Reynolds,who was then twenty-five miles from McClel- lan's headquarters,was ordered l)y him to report to Gov- ernor Curtin at once.On the same day General Wool was relieved of his Pennsylvania command at his own re- quest. When General Hooker learned of the withdrawal of Re^aiolds from the command of a division in his corps,he paid his compliments to the "scared governor"of Penn- syh^ania,and to the general-in-chief,in a letter to Assist-^°*^*^- ant Adjutant General Williams,which was more forcible than either polite or politic. It was thus under difficulties that the assistance of an able commander in Pennsylvania was finally secured. Bv persistent efforts,Governor Curtin at len-gth se-.,r..• •t '"-^(iovernor Curtin s cured permission from Washington to utilize the troops ^^'°'"'^" at Carlisle and in the valley as scouting parties,thus creating the most reliable medium of obtaining actual information about the moven:ents of the enem\'which General ]\IcClellan,or the authorities at the Federal cajM- tal,possessed The scouts were under the command of ^,^p ^^^^^^.^^^^^^ the intrepid AA'illiam J.Palmer,who,time and time again, '''"'^"^^^^^^^'^^'^^'^' in disguise,entered the camps of the enemy for the in- formation which his expert telegrapher,AA'illiam B.\M1- son,from his improvised offices in woods,thickets and fence corners,forwarded to Governor Curtin and Colonel 198 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER IX. 1 lonor to whom honor is due September 16th. William B.Wilson. McClure,and they to the commander in the front.A\'hen the details of the true history of the military operations along the border during this period are written they will unquestionably show that it was not certain know- ledge that the enemy did not con- template an invasion on Pennsyl- vania,but undue apprehension of disaster in another quarter which prompted the policy at Washington to withold rightful protection from Pennsvh'ania.There is every evi- dence that the authorities at the Federal capital up to the President nmst have a])preciated the value of the in- formation recei\ed from the Governor of Pennsylvania, and the estimate placed upon the situation by him. When the President sent the following message to the war governor of Pennsyhania in the midst of the newsless suspense of the early hours of that first day of Antietam. he was confident that he was asking information from a source wholly reliable: "What do you hear from General ]\IcClellan's army? We have nothing from him to-day? "A.Lincoln." Within the next hour the following message flashed over the wires in reply: "Our telegraph operator at Hagerstown reports a l)at- tle as progressing near the Potomac between Sharpsburg and AA'illiamsport. "A.G.Curtin." AVho shall say to what extent the military demonstra- tion made along the border by Governor Curtin's little army of undisci])lined men.with the gallant Palmer al- \\'a}-s in the forefront.maA'ha\e been ]")otent in stennning IN WAR TIMES.199 the tide of invasion at the vital jioint,and turning the cur rent of battle to the l)anks of the Antietam. CHAPTER IX. "Harrisburg",Pa.. October tenth,'sixty-three. Hon.E.jNI.Stanton: The people have surrendered Chambersburg. A.G.Curtin." THE FIRST CON- FEDERATE RAID INT(1 PENNSYL- VANIA. These were the ^\ords of tlie brief message of the war eovernor of rennsN-Kania.which announced to the Fed- II Sending News fro.m the Border. eral authorities atAVashington the culminating success of J-^-h-stuan's expedition. one of the most remarkable military expeditions in the war between the vStates.The free soil of Pennsvlvania. which,in its southern l)order.was destined later to be- come such an important theater of operations in the great conflict,had now-been marked with the first footprints of the war.Consternation reigned supreme amone the consternation in^' ^^the north. people no less along the entire southern l)order of the State than in the actual presence of the great cavalrv captain of the South,whose intrepid daring had made it possible for him to successfullv carrv out the orders of 200 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER IX. Dismay at the capital. Purposes of the raid. hi.s commander-in-chief,and to penetrate with his com- mand into tlie very heart of the enemy's country,far to the rear of that g-reat army of the north,upon the success of whicli in the ri\er country below the hopes of the Union were then centered. The consternation of tlie people found a counterpart in the dismay which followed the suddenly disconcerted plans of the Federal military leaders at the capital and in the field.As l)est could be under the circumstances,the entire marching-force of the army was put into motion to compass the capture or destruction of the ])and of invad- ers,with what success history tells. Ap])reciating-the salutar}-moral ef- fect upon the Southern people at jiome of the late notable success achieved In-that dashing cavalry com- mander,J.E.B.Stuart,and desirous of stimulating him to still further ac- tivity in this line of operations that ad- ditional success might be followed by renewed encouragement of the peo- ple.General Lee charged his cavalry comniander with the execution of this design,which he had long held in con- templation,of carrying the Avar into Africa.Stuart was ordered to cross the Potomac above ^^'illiamsport,lea\i:ig Hagerstown and Greencastle on his right,proceed to tlie rear of Chambersburg,and endeavor to destroy a railroad bridge over the branch of the Conococheague creek.He was also ordered to inflict upon the enemy and his means of transportation whatever damage he could. To gain all information of the positive forces and prob- Ofticial rccoids U..,_-v ,,.,,,. &c.armies,series ^])\q intention of tlic Federal armv that might be obtam- I.vol.XIX,part "'^°-able,the cavalry commander was enjoined to keep his movements strictly secret;to arrest all citizens of Penn- sylvania holding State or Government offices,and such as were suspected of giving information to the enemy,and to Major-General J.K.B.Stuart. 1862,October 8. jVt Scotland. IN WAR TIMES.20I bring-them with him as hostages or means of exchange chapter ix. for citizens of the South who were held in captivity. General Lee plainly expressed the reliance that he Lee's confidence m Stuart. placed upon General Stuart's skill and judgment in the successful execution of this plan.Stuart was directed not to jeopardize the safety of his command nor to go any farther than good judgment and prudence might dictate. As has been stated,the ostensible object of this expedi-ostensible and real tion was to destroy a bridge on the Cumberland Valley tion.° °^^^^*' Railroad,spanning the Conococheague creek at Scot- bud,east of Chambersburg,and,thus,to cripple the enemy's means of transportation of supplies between the capital of Pennsylvania and the southern border of the State.It is doubtful whether this object alone would have justified the risk of so dangerous an undertaking, which,had it proved a failure,would have been disas- trous,indeed.There was a larger purpose,undoubtedly, in the mind of the Confederate commander-in-chief,and there was method underlying the order which made Chambersburg the objective point of the first Confed- erate raid into a Northern State. General Lee,from his intimate acquaintance \\'ith the details of the Harper's Ferry insurrection,for it will be john Brown re- membered. remembered that he,with the then lieutenant,J.E.B. Stuart,participated in the capture of John Brown,was certainly cognizant of the fact that Brown had made Chambersburg the base of his movements and a depot for his supplies before he actually transferred his operations to the soil of Virginia.This knowledge,there is no doubt,lived in the memory of many a Southern man. True as is the story of John Brown's connection with Chambersburg,equally true is it that the citizens of that town were totally ignorant of his movements,and wholly innocent of any complicity therein. Whether or not such a consideration had weight in the The raid a good 1 r /-\IT 11 1 pi-i-thing-,anyhow.mmd of General Lee,he knew that a successful raid into (13) 202 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER IX. Preparation for tlie raid. Of.Memoirs of the Confederate War for Independence — Van Borcke. Character of Stuart. Camp life at tlu- Bower. any part of tlie enemy's country could scarcely fail to be productive of good results for him.at least,in the de- moralizing effect that such a coup-dc-gvacc at this critical period would have ui)on the North. With his usual alacrity.General Stuart prepared for this mission,which accorded so fully with the spirit of hardihood and daring which animated most of his actions. When the order reached him his command was encamped at one of his favorite haunts,a spot called "The Bower:'" a plantation some eight miles from Martinshurg.and ten from Charlestown.This plantation was owned by and was the home of the Dandridges,a family of ancient re- pute,well known in the vicinage.This family numbered among its meml)ers in the past the charming widow. Martha Dandridge Custis.who was afterwards wooed and won as the wife of General Washington. The well-known light-hearted character of General Stuart,and his sociability,made his presence welcome everywhere,and although it might be said that the fate of a nation frequently depended upon the military work which engaged the attention of this chieftain in day time, he was able to forget the gra\'ity of his mission when night came,and to be the merriest of the merry in the so- cial gatherings which were nightly occurrences during this period at the Bower.Many are the tales told of the mer- rymakings in \\hich Stuart and his men jKirticipated while encamped at this delightful ]ilace.Here it was that Bob Sweeny,the famous banjoist and trusted musical director of the cavalr}'liand,and "Mulatto Bob,"the faithful ser- \'ant in ordinar\"of Stuart himself,and the extraordinary manipulator of the bones,won fame for themselves,and furnished boundless amusement for l)oth soldiers and guests. Stuart's chief of staff. The night before the start was made u])()n the expedi- tion into Pennsylw'uiia was no excej^tion in the way of merrvmaking at the Bower.Stuart's chief of staff at that IN WAR TIMES.203 time was the stalwart,heavily-bearded Prussian,Heros chapter ix. Von Borcke,who had rnn the blockade and entered the confines of the Confederacy,where his letters of intro- duction and 'soldierly bearing won him a commission.His ])rave and daring"conduct,coupled with imwonted kind- ness of heart and good nature,won him fame and ad- \anced position.Like Stuart,he enjoyed the hours of recreation in camp,and it is related of him that he took part in an amateur theatrical performance on one occa- sion of merrymaking that won for him.at least from his conunander,no little of histrionic fame.The title of the performance was significant,"A Pennsylvania Farmer and his AVife."Another Confederate ol^cer was cast as the farmer,and \"an Borcke as his wife.While Stuart was absent in Pennsylvania,Van Borcke was left in charge of the camp at the Bower. The day set for the inception of the undertaking Jtarts^^octobe"oth. dawned bright and clear,and with the first blush of the morning the troops \\hich had been selected for the haz- ardous enterprise were busy with the bustle of prepara- tion.When all was in readiness for their departure,Gen- erel Stuart addresses his men : "Soldiers:You are about to engage in an enterprise Stuart addresses _ '="'^J^his men. which,to insure success,imperatively demands at your ^^-^^^'-''•^'*'- hands coolness,decision and bravery ;implicit obedience to orders,without question or cavil,and with strictest order and sol)riety on the march and in bivouac. "The destination and extent of this expedition had bet- ter be kept to myself than known to you.Suffice it to say that with the hearty co-operation of officers and men 1 have no doubt of its success —a success which will re- flect credit in the highest degree upon your arms.The orders which are herewith published for your govern- ment are absolutelv necessarv.and must l)e rio-idlv en- forced." Tn the orders issued for the o-overnment of Stuart's official oi.ieis to '-tl)p men. troops while upon the raid,the general seems to have ""•'^''-i'-•'"• 204 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER IX. The place of rendezvoiis. October 9th. Commencement of the march. Capture of signal station. On to Mercersburg. had a tender regard for the rights of the enemy,for he expressly commands that no property shall l)e taken,ex- cept such as is subject to legal capture,and that none was to be taken except b}^authority given in person,or in writing,of the proper officers in their command.In all cases a receipt w^as ordered to be given to the effect that the article was seized for the use of the Confederate States,giving the place,date and name of owner,in order,as is explicitly explained,"to enable the indi\idual to have recourse upon his government for damage." Major J.T.W.Hairston was appointed division provost marshal. The little army of picked men which was to accompany General Stuart on this expedition rendezvoused at Darks- ville.\^irginia,at twelve o'clock M.,on the day of start- ing,and from that point marched to the vicinity of Hed- gesville,where it encamped for the night.At daylight the next morning the whole force crossed the Potomac river at ^McCoy's ferry,between AA'illiamsport and Han- cock,after a slight skirmish with the enemy. A short distance from the point where the Confederate forces crossed the river was the Federal signal station, on Fairview Heights,which was in charge of Lieutenant ^\^A\'.Howley,acting signal officer.The valley along the river was filled with a dense fog.The place where the Confederates crossed was entirely hidden from view from any point on this part of the mountain,as well as the road along which they came.This situation was Stuart's op- portunity,and,with about twenty of Hampton's cavalry, a dash was made,\\iiich resulted in the capture of ncarl}- the whole force at the signal station,and all their tiags and instruments. The expedition then proceeded on its way,unmolested, in the direction of ?^Iercersl)urg.PennsyKania,which point was reached about noon.Stuart was quite anxious to go to Hagerstown to capture a large anK)unt of stores IN WAR TIMES.205 at that place,but.wisely estimating the strength of the chapter ix. enemy there,he desisted from the attempt,and the march was continued in the direction of Chambersburg by way of Bridgeport,Clay Lick and St.Thomas. With the fall of night,the entire force halted on the outskirts to wait,in the midst of a cold,drizzling rain,*-Chambersburg in- the answer of the town to a summons to surrender.vested. What of the beleaguered town ?The summer had been condition of the "^beleaguered town. a season of constant excitement for the people of Cham- bersburg.For nearly four months they had l)een under a constant menace of invasion.The ordinary pursuits of life had been almost abandoned,and it had been only with the approach of autumn that the semi-military rule in the town had been somewhat relaxed,and the people,with some degree of confidence,were again turning to their usual occupations.Men paid less attention to flving ru-Peace after tur- mors about the approach of the enemy.The stores and shops were freshly restocked in anticipation of the win- ter's trade,and all had settled down with a sense of se- curity to which they had been strangers for many a day. The summer had made the town acquaint with many a feature of war.A military headquarters,the people had A military head- grown accustomed to the sights and sounds incident quarters. thereto.Here and there through the borough were army hospitals,in which,at this very time,there were nearly three hundred sick and wounded Union soldiers.Alinis- tering to these,the women of Chambersburg had earlv learned lessons of fortitude and famiharity with this,the saddest and most serious aspect of the war. As a depot of supplies.Chambersburg,at this time.^depot of miii- i^i^<-c5 tary supplies. was not an unimportant point.Under the charge of Cap- tain Ashmead,A.Q.M.,arms,uniforms and other equip- ments had been shipped here by the Go^ernment early in the summer for the purpose of equipping troops that were being raised in the valley.In addition to this,just 2o6 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER IX. A captured wagon train. on the eve of the Antietam battle,an ordinance train had been captured from the Confederate general,Longstreet, near \Mlliamsport,Alaryland.l)y Colonel Davis's com- mand of United States cavalry,consisting of the Eighth New York,the Twelftli llhnois.and two companies each of Rhode Island and ]\lar}-land cavalry —thirteen hundred men in all,who had cut their way out of Harper's Ferrv, and on their way north liad made this capture.The train consisted of forty wagons,with their full complement of "contraband"teamsters.These wagons,heavily laden The Boys in Charge of the Wagons. An unsafe ware- house. No military pro- tection. with arms,and lio-ht and heavv ammunition,including a large amount of spherical and conical shells,signal lights,rockets,etc,were taken to Chambersburg.The contents of the wagons were stored,with Government supplies,in the large brick warehouse of W'underlich & Nead,near the railroad depot.The warehouse was liter- ally iilled from cellar to attic with this strange merchan- dise,and so remained until it was found as a rich prize by the Southern \'isitors under Stuart. .\s to a military force for protection,there was scarcely a handful of Federal soldiers in the town.These were chiefly members of the ''Anderson troop,'"who had been IN WAR TIMES.207 detailed to guard the warehouse contaiuing the supplies.<hapter ix aud to do provost duty in the town. This particular Octol)er day had been a most o-loomv^- Startling news for one.When the shadows of the early evening fell it was f,>';'^* "'^^t.^' i'riday,UctoliLT Upon habitations and people drenched with an all day's ^""'' rain,which gaye promise of steadily continuino-through the night.Men were seeking their homes for the night. The tardy town lamplighter had not yet gone on his rounds.Those who were housed were already beein- ning to Avoo the comforts of the eyening.with never a thought of danger.Suddenly,through the gloomy night,nnW"" there rang out Avith startling distinctness,peal after peal from the courthouse bell,which every man.and every boy that was l)ig enough to carry a musket,knew was a call to arms to him as a member of the home guard.How quickly were the streets,a moment since so silent and so deserted,now filled with men,some with arms and some without,all rushing through the darkness to the place of rendezvous,and the common place of incpiiry,the "court- house pavement."The story was soon told.Farmers The news con- firmed. driven in,riding in hot haste,from the west told the tale that,as they came over the hills,they had seen,halting at the coming of night,a large force of Southern cavalry within cannon shot of the towai.No time to ciuestion.no The home guard time to doubt.The little band of home guard was already '"*^"^"•<^- marching westward,but clear and merrily through the darkness and rain,from the direction of "New England Hall,"floated the sound of a bugle,and,shortly,there dashed into the "Diamond"a Confederate lieutenant of cavalry and twenty-five men,with a flag of truce,and, slowly and with crestfallen mien,behind them came marching the Chambersburg home guard. The truce bearer was Lieutenant T.C.Lee,of the The flag of truce C 1 O ^1 /^1-T>• 1 »•.'"'1 *summons tooeconclboutnLarolmaKegmient,and,upon his mquirv surrender, for representatives,military or ci\il,he was given an au- 208 WAYNESBORO. enemy Occupation of the town.Eight o'clock P.>I. CHAPTER IX.dience in this capacity by Judge Francis ]M.Kimmel,who was provost marshal :Colonel Alexander K.]\IcClure. who was Assistant Adjutant General of the United States Army,and Colonel Thomas B.Kennedy,a representative citizen.A formal surrender of the town was demanded in the name of General J.E.B.Stuart,and there being nothing in the situation that warranted resistance,the gentlemen above named wisely agreed to go with the advance guard to the headquarters of Generals Stuart and Hampton and formally arrange the terms of surrender in Treating with the (j^^g militarv ordcr.This was accordinglv done,the terms of surrender substantiallv being that,if no resist- ance was ofifered.private persons and private property would be respected.Government property and repre- sentatives of military authority were to be at the mercy of the invaders. An interview was held with General Hampton,and the town formally surrendered.A\'ithin a few minutes after the return of Provost ^Marshal Kimmel and his compan- ions,the public square of the town was filled with Con- federate cavalrv.Formidable looking cannon were rapidly placed in position,frowning down the streets, which center in the square,and.instantly,the tramp of horses,the rattling of sabres and spurs,the dull thud of axes busy with the demolishment of store doors,the sing- ing of broken telegraph wires,and the felling of poles, made sorry music for the pent-up inhabitants who had betaken themselves within doors in surprise and dismay when the presence of their Southern visitors became an established fact. •The forces of General Stuart upon this expedition con- sisted of eighteen hundred cavalrymen,under the com- mand of Brigadier General Wade Hampton and Colonels AA'.H.F.Lee and Jones,with four companies of horse artillery,of which the well-known Captain Pelham had command.The actual occupation of Chambersburg was At the mercy of the enemy. Character and number of invad- ing forces. IN WAR TIMES.209 delegated to General ^^^ade Hampton's brigade,which consisted of six hundred and fifty picked men ;one hun- dred and seventy-five from the Second regiment of South Carolina cavalry.Colonel M.C.Butler;one hundred and seventy-five from the First Xorth Carolina regiment, Lieutenant Colonel J.B.Gordon ;one hundred and fifty from the Tenth Mrginia regiment,]\Iajor J.T.Rosser, and one hundred and fifty from the Phillip's Legion,un- der Captain Dunlap. General Stuart appointed General Hampton military governor of Chambersburg.and operations there were carried on under Hampton's direc- tions.His first step was to estab- lish a rigid provost guard,which was placed under command of Captain J. F.!\Iacfie.of the Second South Caro- lina cavalry regiment.Captain IMacfie's first act was to parole all the sick and wounded soldiers in the hospitals. The work of the raiders during the night was confined to the ransacking of stores,demolishing shops and offices of the Cumberland \'alley Railroad,and the office of the Western L'nion Telegraph Company.During the night, Colonel Jones was ordered to go to Scotland and destroy the railroad Ijridge.L'pon his return,however,he re- ported that it was constructed of iron,and he could not destroy it. Daylight discovered to the invaders the whereabouts of the government stores,and Captain \Y.H.H.Cowles, of the First Xorth Carolina,was detailed to burn the railroad buildings and remove or destroy the govern- ment stores,as the brigade left town bringing up Stuart's rear.An entrance into the warehouse where the govern- ment supplies were stored was quickly effected.Such CHAPTER IX. General Hampton appointed military STOvernor. Brigadier GeneralWADEHampton. Captain Macfie. provost marshal. The night work of the raiders. Destruction of armv stores. 2IO WAYNESBORO. CHAl'TER IX. Note 49. A terrorized peo- ple. Hostages taken along. Note 50. Escape of the In- vaders.<• They caiitvire Union scouts. Col.Rush's Lancers. moveal)Ie things as pistols,sabers,etc..were speedily transferred to the pommels of the raiders'saddles,ready for transportation,when the work of destroying the re- mainder inmiediately began.Lnmber was taken from a yard nearby,saturated with kerosene oil and fired.The flame soon reached the powder,when explosion after ex- plosion took place,like a cjuick cannonading,alarming the country side and causing the impression that a battle w'as in progress.The w'arehouse was blown to atoms, the adjoining buildings were fired and wholly destroyed, and the raiders departed,taking among their large spoils about two hundred and fifty new Federal ca\ah-y uni- forms,which,the sequel shows,they afterwards used to good purpose. It was only bv seeking safety in their cellars and imier rooms that the iidiabitants of the town escaped serious harm from the flying shells and missiles from the l)urning buildings.It was an experience which those of them who still live have never forgotten. A number of Franklin county citizens were arrested l)y Stuart,and some of them were held as ])risoners and taken south with him.What was his ])ur])ose in this does not fully appear. As appears from a map of the expedition drawn by Captain W'm.A\'.Blackford,of the corps of engineers, Stuart,in this expedition,made the entire circuit of the Armv of the Potomac.Upon leaving Chambersburg he deteriuined to strike for the \icinity of Leesburg,A'ir- ginia.taking steps,howe\'er,to conceal his purpose.To this end he started directly for Gettysburg,but,having crossed the mountain,turned back some six or eight miles towards Hagerstown,and tlicn entered ^lar\land by Emmittsburg,taking the road towards Frederick,and, capturing on the way some Federal scouts with dis- patches,he obtained some inside information of the enemv's mo\-ements.Before reaching Frederick,he VAjA^t**n*''''^if*t*i'A^yA*ft* fSJ Qf ^.<« .^•*a.<^»,-'v^faait^r^C^'^^»'-v J Stuart's Routb through Pennsylvania. 212 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER IX. They meet the enemy. Playing Union soldiers. They outwit the Yankees. Escape into Vir- ginia. crossed Monocacy creek and continued his march throug-h the night by the way of Liberty,New Market and Monrovia,on the Hne of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad,where he cut the telegraph wires and obstructed the road.Hvattstown,on McClelland's line of wagon communication with AA'ashington,was reached before daylight,and a few wagons captured.As Barnesville was approached,a company of Federal ca\alrv vacated the place without knowledge of Stuart's approach.From Barnesville Stuart made feint of going to Poolesville. which,he had reason to believe,was strongly guarded, but,instead of marching upon that point,he avoided it by a detour through,the woods,leaving it two or three miles to his left,striking the road about the mouth of the ]\Ion- ocacy.Here came the meeting with the enemy.General Pleasanton's command of Federal cavalry,consisting of the Eighth Illinois and Third Indiana,and two guns of Pennington's battery,had crossed the ]\Ionocacy and were reconnoitering along the Barnesville road,while the main column had moved off in the direction of Pooles- ville.Pleasanton's advance squadron had not proceeded more than a mile and a half from the ^Monocacy when they discovered a body of cavalry moving towards them dressed in the uniforms of Union soldiers.The officer in command of the squadron made a signal in a friendly way, which was returned,and the parties approached within a short distance of each other,when the offfcer command- ing the opposite party ordered his men to charge.It was the advance of Stuart's men,clothed in the new uniforms which they had captured in the warehouse at Chambers- burg.The surprise caused by this little ruse sufficed to give Stuart a temporary advantage in the brisk little en- ofasfement which followed,and enabled him.under cover of Pelham's guns,and despite the eff'orts of General Pleasanton's and General Stoneman's commands,to make good his escape across the river into Virginia,at IN WAR TIMES.213 White's Ford,without the loss of a single man and all their spoils with them,crowning with conspicuous suc- cess this most remarkable expedition. Stuart arrived again safely at the Bower early in the morning,and his approach was heralded by the single bugler he had with him,who,three nights before,had awakened the echoes on New England Hall as he an- nounced the approach of the flag of truce to Chambers- burg. Had General Lee been thoroughly conversant with the aft'airs of the Army of the Potomac for the past month, he could not have chosen a more opportune moment for an invasion of Pennsylvania than the time fixed for Stuart's expedition.The battles of South Mountain and Antietam,and the reconnoissances immediately follow- ing,had left the army of McClellan in a condition which caused its commander to hesitate in carrying out the pro- gressive orders which he was now almost daily in receipt of from the President and the general-in-chief of the army at Washington.Ten general officers,many regimental and company officers,and a large number of enlisted men. aggregating upward of fifteen thousand,were the sum total of the Federal loss in the late battles.Whole army corps had been badly cut up,scattered and demor- alized.The ranks were decimated through various causes ;there were instances where captains were com- manding regiments ;there were companies which were without a single commissioned ofiicer.Besides this,the entire army was lacking in supplies,which,although or- dered from headcpiarters,and reported as supplied,for some reason had as vet failed to reach the army in the field.Such Avas the condition of affairs in the Army of the Potomac when there came to General ^vlcClellan the peremptory orders of the President and the general-in- chief of the armv to cross into Virginia,give battle to the CHAPTER IX. He arrives at the Bower.October 13th. The unfortunate condition of the army of the I'otomac. ilcClellan's neces- sities,Stuart's opportunit}'. Orders from the capital.October Oth. 2 14 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER IX. And news of iIk' enemy. November 7th. Preparation for the capture of Stuart. Disposition of troops. .MoClellan's reports on organization and campaigns of the Army of the I'otomac. enemy and drive them south.Just at this juncture,be- fore AlcClellan had taken the preliminary steps to carry out these marching orders,and to render his situation and that of the Army of the Potomac more embarrassing than ever,Stuart's projected raid into Pennsylvania and around the Army of the Potomac,and his successful es- cape back into \'irginia,were accomplished facts.This event could have but one result in the then critical situa- tion of affairs,and that was to bring to a crisis the mis- understanding which had arisen between the Federal commander in the field and the Federal commander at the capital ;a misunderstanding which culminated within a month in an order from the headquarters at the capital relieving General "McClellan from the command of the Army of the Potomac. As soon as reliable information was received by Gen- eral AlcClellan of the movements of Stuart,and after he liad been significantly advised by General Halleck that he would be expected to use all troops in ^Maryland and Penn- sylvania to prevent Stuart's return into A^irginia.he re- ports that "every disposition has been made to cut off the retreat of the enemy."The first difiiculty with which he met was the almost total inefficiency of the cavalry arm of the service for the work which they were then called upon to perform.With regard to this,McClellan says, "to such an extent had this arm of the service been re- duced that when General Stuart made his raid into Penn- sylvania ****with two thousand men I could onlv mount eight hundred men to follow him."Fol- lowing is the disposition of troops made by General AIc- Clellan to prevent the return and encompass the defeat of Stuart : General Averill.then at Green Spring,on the Upper Potomac,was ordered to move rapidly down upon the north side of the river,with all his disposable cavalry,us- IN WAR TIMES.215 ing-every exertion to get upon the trail of the enemv and chaptkr ix. follow it up ^igoronsly. General Pleasanton.with the remaining cavalry force,ctn.pieasanton. was ordered to take the road by Cavetown,Harmon's Gap.and -Nfechanicsville,and cnt off the retreat of the enemy,should they make for any of the fords l)elow the position of the main ami}-.His orders were to pursue them with the utmost rapidity,not to spare his men or horses,and to destroy,or capture them,if possible. General Crook,at that time commanding Cox's divi-^en.crook. sion at Hancock,en route for Western \'irginia,was ordered to halt,place his men in cars,and remain in readi- ness to move to any point above,should the enemv re- turn in that direction,keeping his scouts well out on all the roads leading from the direction of Chambersburg to the Upper Potomac. The other commanders between Hancock and Har- per's Ferry were instructed to keep a vigilant watch upon all the fords,so as to prevent the escape of the Confeder- ates within these limits. General r>urnside was ordered to send two l)rig-ades cen.Rumside. to the Alonocacy crossing,there to remain in cars,with steam up,read}'to move to any point on the railroad to which Stuart might be aiming.\\'hile Colonel Rush,at Frederick,was directed to keep his lancers scouting on the approaches from Chambersburg,so as to give timely notice to the commander of the two brigades at the Alonocacy crossing. /-v 7 O,111..1 ^Gen.Stoncman. lieneral Stoneman.whose heack|uarters were then at Poolesville.occupying with his division the different fords on the river l)elow the mouth of the Monocacy.was directed to keep his cax'alry well out on the approaches from the direction of Frederick,so as to give him time to mass his troops at any point where the enemy might attempt to cross the Potomac in his \icinitv.He was informed of General Pleasanton's mo\-ements. 2l6 WAVXKSBORO. CHAPTER IX.After the orders were given for covering all the fords upon the river it ^\•as not thought possible for Stuart to recross.and General McClellan believed that the capture or destruction of his entire force was perfectly certain, How the news of and SO reported to headquarters at Washington,but received at'the wlicu lic subsecjueutlv notified General Halleck that the Capital. ' . raid had been successfully accomplished,he attributed the result to the deficiency of the Federal cavalry service. How this report was received at the capital is plainly in- dicated in the telegram which was sent by General Hal- leck in reply : "The President has read your telegram,and directs me to suggest that if the enemy had more occupation south of the river,his cavalry would not be so likely to make raids north of it." October 14th. Who was to blame,it boots not here to inquire —"tis a long story — "Time is the old justice that examines all offenders." CHAPTER X. IN WAR TIMES.—Part III. WHKN THE UNION WAS PRESERVED :PENNSYLVANIA'S SCOURG- ING.HER BAPTISM OF EIRE.THE WAR WITH SPAIN. Yfd\O cessation of the turmoil and apprehensive expec-chapter x. I f tancy which characterized the previous year came j^^.^invasion. to the war-enthralled people of the southern border of Pennsylvania with the year of grace,eighteen hundred and sixty-three.Rumors of the purpose of the enemy to invade their homes were born with the springtide,and had fruition in the early summer in the preliminary move- ments of the Confederate chieftain in his daring plan to transfer the operations of the summer's campaign from Virginia to the soil of Pennsylvania. There is little doubt that,wooed by the siren song of a siren song. the Southern press,voicing the radical phase of Southern popular opinion.General Lee planned his Northern cam- paign at variance with his better judgment. It was in the glare and hurry of the broad noon of the war.The country-side of southern Pennsylvania lay beautiful as a picture ; the air full of the sweet fragrance of in .1 , •I'll The Promised Land. grasses ana flowers ;the mountains enwrapped m shad- owy mist,a veil,as it were,to shield them from the June sunshine.The broad meadows were golden with the harvest already ripe for the sickle,and,brooding over all, a dreamy silence as "of the Sabbath afternoon."Men in suspense knew not what a day might bring'forth,and had put aside their usual occupations to counsel with their neighbors. Such was the Eden into which the starving legions of the South marched from their desolated home country. (14) -'^WAYNKSBORO. CHAPTER X.Lii^e the outlay in a gig-antic game of chess,the armies Situation of the of Hookcr aiid Lee lay.watchful of each other's every opposing armies. movement,with the respective capitals of the opposing sections of the country as the chief objective points to be defended ;the Southern capital,at this particular time, apparently in check. The sudden movement of Lee's forces,and their con- A change of base,ccutratiou at Culpcpper Court House,changed the whole existing situation.By no means ignorant of the growing purpose of the South to make a diversion towards Wash- ington,or north\\ard.for the purpose of relieving the Southern capital,the leaders of the Federal army,at the capital and in the field,were on the alert for every move- ment. B^fndy"statioll^lnd AA itli thc first iudicatiou of Lee's change of base,a Federal cavalry reconnoissance in force was made for the purpose of ascertaining the extent of the Confederate movement,and the engagements with the enemy at Brandy Station and vicinity were the result ;a result which both sides claimed as victory;the Confederates, upon the one hand,citing the retreat of the Federal forces and their material losses,and the Federals,upon the other hand,the valuable information gained of the enemy's numbers,position and purpose,and the actual change in his plan of future operations,caused by the partial demor- alization of his cavalry forces in these engagements. AMiether it was Lee's original jiurpose to make his ad- vance northward east of the mountains,with the ultimate purpose of an attack upon the Federal capital,and as a Speculative ques-nrelimiuarv step in that plan to cut the Baltimore and tions.i -^' Ohio railroad at a point l)etween Washington and the Army of the Potomac,and thus to seriously interfere with Hooker's lines of connuunication with Washington,or whether it was his intention from the outset to invade Pennsylvania through the Cumberland \^alley and take a defensive position m the heart of the enemy's country. IN WAR TIMES.219 are speculative questions to which little of interest at-chapter x. taches now,l)ut in the discussion of which certain am- ])itious military leaders were much interested at the time. In the vision of the general-in-chief at Washing^ton, phantom armies of the South w^ere continually on the ^^ashfngton. ^^ march for Washington,and there was no unexpected movement of the Army of Northern Virginia which ditl not,in his mind,portend an instant,or remote purpose,on l)art of the Confederate commander-in-chief to visit the Federal capital,and thereby to cause a sudden change from the speculative and theoretical side of warfare,in vogue there,to the intensely practical side as seen in the front. Whether it is susceptible of proof or not that the Fed- eral cavalry attack upon a portion of Lee's army,at the .•ri'i j_i 1 ii-j_A once pleasiiiR mception ot his movement northward,caused hmi to Federal belief. abandon his original plan,it was evidently most gratifying at the time to the ambition of certain officials,high in Federal authority,to believe that it was the supreme strategy and skill of the Federal military leaders which compelled,with knowledge and magnificent foresight, Lee's advance through the Cumberland Valley to his un- doing at Gettysburg. In the aftermath of the war,however,this latter view of the event was not so popular at Washington.When a chanare of^Federal views. the people of the Cumberland Valley,despoiled and ut- terly ruined by the invasion,and the incidents thereto, came,asking relief,there was no longer in official quar- ters any reference to the "magnificent military sagacity" which purposely laid open the Cumberland Valley "as a trap to ensnare the rebels,"nor any mention of "the sub- stantial reward of a grateful nation,"which,after Gettys- burg,were such common phrases upon the lips of men in authority,but,per contra,the patriotic people of the Valley were frigidly informed that their extreme disaster was simply "an accident of \var,"and their demand for re- 220 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER X.imbursement of losses "a gigantic steal."The necessity A wronged people.^^T bolstering up military reputations no longer existing, this shamelessly ill-treated people j.sked.at the close of the war,and have continued to ask even unto this day.in vain for nothing more than is rightfullv due them,and that which a selfish government unrighteously withholds. If the Cumberland Valley of Pennsylvania was de- spoiled by the direct purpose of the Federal government, who can indicate the standpoint from which the past and present attitude of the government toward the people of that \'allev is defensible? An untenable posi- tion. The Invasion a fact. Effect on the North. .Military situation in Penns\lvania. No matter what the original,no matter what the ulti- mate purpose of Lee was,when he turned northward,the fact remains that the invasion of southern Pennsvlvania with his mighty army,and all that it meant,was soon fait accompli. The approach of the invaders fanned the smoldering embers of excitement among the people into a mighty flame,which swept northward as speeds the prairie fire fanned by the wind.Fear,followed by consternation, fell upon the capital city of the Commonwealth. "From south to east and west and north, The messengers rode fast, Till every town and hamlet Had heard the trumpet's blast." Who can fittingly describe the situation?The policy at Washington had drawn upon the military resources of Pennsylvania until the flower of her citizenship was in battle line far from home.Even the pride of the State, the Pennsylvania Iveserve Corps,which,had been express- ly enlisted for border protection,was shackled to service under the general government elsewhere.A call from Washington for long-time troops to fill ui)the ranks of the Army of the Potomac,decimated by the severe ser- vice at Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg,was pending. .Tune 10-13,1863. IN WAR TIME;S.221 and preparations were being made for a draft,when the chapter x. invasion occurred. That the proper defense of his State was a Herculean task imposed upon P'ennsylvania's governor,Andrew G. Curtin,the secjuel proves.Hteff^situation in the ^^^^^Sl^l^Cumberland Valley. Tlie operations about Winchester, which fohowed the earlier engage- ments about Brandy Station,and re- 1,1-,,1 ^•J-r .1 Gov.AndrkwG Curtin. suited m the demorahzation of the Federal forces there under General Milroy and sent Mc- Reynolds'wagon train in panic-stricken flight northward through the Cumberland Valley,brought the people of that section to a realizing sense of the situation. It was Saturdav evening,and all the towns along the ^-c5'»June 13-15. valley were in a ferment of excitement.Sunday was a day of suspense,but on Monday was enacted a scene June isth. along the great highway from the Maryland line to Har- risburg which beggars description,and still lives in the iremory of every one who witnessed it.Certain,now,of the approach of the Southern army,and in dread as to the detail of its purpose,the farmers for miles around,Refugees, taking w'ith them their horses and mules,and,in many instances,their live stock of other description,made a grand exodus from their homes to places of safety be- }ond the reach of the invaders.Following closely in the wake of the farmer came the affrighted multitude of "contrabands"—negroes ;men,women and children — from the southern border of Pennsylvania,from Mary- land,and even from Virginia,hastening northward with indeterminate purposes,and carrying their household gods with them.The climax of confusion,how--^r°"t"i '''''s°"o 'train. ever,was reached when these bands of refugees were suddenly overtaken and nearly overwhelmed by Mc- Reynolds'routed and fleeing wagon train,numbering fully 222 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTKR X. fifty wagons and a scattered cavalry guard,which,in its mad career,had marked its route so far northward,with wrecked wagons,exhausted horses and mules,and an oc- casional contraband driver overcome with heat and fear. When these frightened teamsters reached Chambers- burg they were checked in their precipitous flight by a few cool-headed men,and,after stopping long enough to realize the absurdity of their conduct,and to understand that they were creating a useless panic among the people, they proceeded in a more orderly manner in the direction of Carlisle. Tlie advance ^uard of Lee's armv. Monday,June 15th, evening. June 16th. A backward move- ment. Waynesboro visited. June 21st. Note 51. The General Ad- vance. June 22d. The cavalry command of Brigadier General Albert G. Jenkins was the advance guard of Lee's army.Advan- cing from Hagerstown,it entered Pennsylvania bv wav of Greencastle and Chambersburg.These forces held possession of the last-named place for several days,and. besides his foraging operations in the neighborhood, Jenkins destroyed the bridge spanning the Conoco- cheague creek at Scotland,on the line of the Cumberland Valley railroad,thus giving the first disabling stroke to that important means of communication between Harris- burg and the southern border of the State. At length Jenkins,menaced rather more by reports of advancing Federal troops than by the material forces themselves,withdrew his command to the vicinity of Greencastle,and from that point despatched again his bands of raiders in every direction.The \\"aynesboro section did not escape.The raiders paid a Sunday visit to the town,and it was only the hurried nature of the enemy's call which then saved the inhabitants from seri- ous loss.Reconnoitering eastward,Jenkins'scouts fell in with the Federal troops at or near Monterey Pass, where a slight engagement took place. Having placed the dififerent commands of his army un- der marching orders,Lee was now ready for the general IN WAR TIMES.223 Composition of Ewell's Corps. advance into Pennsylvania.The movement in chief of chapter x. the Southern army,which resulted in its final concentra- tion for battle at Gettysburo-,was in the direction of Car- lisle and Harrisburg by the way of Chambersburg.The advance,as before stated,was Jenkins'cavalrv ;then fol- lowed the Second Army Corps,Lieutenant General Rich-Eweii-s corps, ard S Ewell commanding.From this corps was detached the First Division,under command of Major General Jubal A.Early,for a movement eastward and along the Sd'''"'''°""^ base of the South Mountain.It was this manoeuvre and the retreat of the Confederate army from Gettysburg which brought the town of Waynesboro within the base of military operations,and ga\'e her citizens no insignificant experience in actual warfare. Ewell's corps,which joined in the general movement northward,consist- ed of the Second Division,commanded by Major General Edward Johnson, and the Third Division,commanded by Major General Robert E.Rodes ;with the last-named division in advance,fol- lowing closely Jenkins'cavalry,with which body it made a conjunction at Greencastle,completely investing that place,with scouts well ad^anced northvard along the road to Chaml)ers- burg. A remnant of Milroy's disorganized command,which had been separated from the main body,made its way into Pennsylvania in advance of the approaching Confederates. ^^'ith it was a detachment of mounted men,which had been separated from their regiment,and which consisted of Company A and Company C of the First New York Cavalry.The first company was under command of Cap- tain Jones,and the other under command of Captain \\\ H.Boyd.This little force of brave men performed excel- lent service,and participated in many a daring exploit dur- Lieutenant-General Richard S.Ewell. Monday,Jvme •22d. A brave little band of Union men. 224 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER X. Note 52. The skirmish near Greencastle. Oonfi'diTatt'S L'n- gaged. ing the period of invasion.At this particular time,a part of Captain Boyd's command were participants in the first skirmish of the war on free soil,a brief account of which now follows : While Jenkins'men were scouting along the Chambers- l)urg road,north of Greencastle,Captain Boyd's company of Federal cavalry were scouting southward along the same road.Upon discovering that Federal troops were in their front.Jenkins"scouts fell back upon the main line about three-fourths of a mile from Greencastle,and gave the alarm.A general line of battle was formed by Rodes" Confederate infantry,while the cavalry took uj)a position, in partial concealment,between the highway and the Cumberland A-^allev railroad,just in front of the Archibald Fleming residence,which General Ewell afterwards,for a brief space,.occupied as his headquarters.The charge of Captain Boyd's men against the retreating Confederate pickets was so bold and precipitate that two of tlieir num- ber.Corporal Rihl and Sergeant Cafferty,were within pistol shot of the concealed enemy before they realized the situation.Corporal Rihl was suddenly killed as he reached the little knoll just in front of the Fleming house, and Sergeant Cafferty,a few rods to the rear,was severely wounded in the leg,but escaped with his retreating com- rades.Corporal Rihl was shot through the upper lip,the ball passing through his head.A\diether or not the Con- federates met with any loss in this affair is not certainly known.There is no report of the skirmish among the official records,but a story was prevalent at the time that the Confederate loss was two men killed. The body of Corporal Rihl was roughly interred at the Buried with honor,time,aud whcrc he fell,but,subsequently received at the hands of the citizens of the locality a more decent burial in the Lutheran graveyard,at Greencastle.Twenty-three years later his body was again disinterred,and re-buried, \\ith the honors of war,on the spot where he fell.Over Corporal Rihl killed. June 22.1886. o cc O CD CO UJ z >< o > cc O H co <> _l > CO LU Q. LLl UJ ID CC LU o CO z g z D I- CO cc LU I I- LU CC LU I o 5 < a: O 0. q: Oo THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LiB;.A.^Y ASTOa,LENOX AMD TIlDEn FOUnDAT(ONS. IN WAR TIMES.227 his grave,Rihl Post,Grand Army of the RepubHc,named chapter x. for him,has caused to be erected a beautiful and imposing:.'^o A monument g-ranite shaft,in memory of a brave man and to fittingly '^'^'^^^^ mark the locality where the first soldier fell on Pennsyl- vania soil in defense of the nation. Jenkins'cavalrv continued to advance and asfain took Jenkins again adovances. possession of Chambersburg,\\here thev were joined the next (lay by the Second Army Corps,under Ewell,who,isea. the day following,established his headquarters just north of Chambersburg,while Jenkins'cavalry and Rodes'divi- sion of Ewell's corps proceeded to Carlisle,and thence reconnoitered the valley almost to the Susquehanna river from their camp at New Kingston before meeting with J""e 26-29. the outposts of the troops defending Harrisburg. During their occupancv of Chambersburg,the Confed-winie luid by the enemy. erates governed the town under the strictest military rules.Their troops,and the citizens as well,when occa- sion demanded,were subjected to discipline.The citi- zens,however,under the circumstances,had no real grounds for complaint of ill-treatment.Military disci- pline was not pleasant,but,on the other hand,it was not Avhollv uno'enerous,for there are manv instances of the granting of unusual and unexpected privileges to the citi- zens,even in the way of issuing to them passes to go be- yond the lines upon legitimate errands. Meanwhile,following Ewell's corps in the general hiu's corps. novement northward,came the Third Army Corps,Lieu-^^^^gg^j^ tenant General Ambrose P.Hill commanding.This body advanced only to Chambersburg,and from that point, after a fateful council of war,in company wdth the Confed- erate general-in-chief,they were directed eastw'ard,the first step in the general concentration of the army at Gettvsburg.'='Longstreet's Corps. The next day,the First Army Corps,Lieutenant Gen-Saturday, eral James Longstreet commanding,reached Chambers- A Confederate Pass. IN WAR TIMES.229 burg,and,with the exception of one division,followed chapter x. Hill's corps on the march to Gettysburg. z-rAi .....^,1 • 1 11 Destruction of the 1 lie division 01 Longstreet s corps which remained be-railroad and raii- road property. hind,under command of Major General George E.Pick- ett,were charged with the destruction of the track of the railroad,and the depot and shops.That they did this work thoroughly was patent to all who had opportunity o? viewing the dismantled shops and ruined roadbed between Chambersburg and Hagerstown.It was a scene of deso- lation ;the shops and depot buildings could not have been Ready for the Torch. shattered worse by an earthquake.The track was torn up for miles,and,to make destruction certain,pyres of cross ties were erected at intervals along the line,across which the iron rails were laid,and,when the fire was ap- plied,the rails,heated,bent double by their own weight, and were thus rendered whollv useless. When Lee's purpose to concentrate his army at Gettys-The caii to Gettys- burg, burg was determined,the scattered divisions of Hill's corps,with Jenkins'cavalry,which had been visiting in onT ^"^'^*°'"'^ the enemy's country near the Susquehanna,hastened back 230 WAYNESBORO. Movements of Early's Division CHAPTER X.toward the great objective point,whither all of the South- ^"^'^°^-ern arm)-,now in Pennsylvania,were tending. Stuart's cavalry,with forced marches,came northward along the base of the South Mountain,and Imboden's command,withdrawn from its ojieration in the gaps of the North Alountain,served with Jenkins'cavalry to keep open the line of conununication. It is not the purpose here to follow further the fortunes of this,the main portion,of Lee's army,or to essay any description of the battle of Gettysburg.Later,however, it will appear that the relations of this narrative are more intimate with another portion of the great invading army, the First Division of the Second Army Corps,under com- mand of ]\Iajor General Jubal A.Early. As before stated,when the general movement of the Southern army into Pennsylvania commenced,with Ewell's Second Army Corps in advance,the first division of this corps under command of Major General Jubal A. Earlv,was detached and ordered to move eastward,and along the base of the South Mountain,in a general course, almost parallel to that taken by the other divisions of the corps,on the main road through the valley. Some time before noon,on a day long remembered by Tuesday,June 23d.tlic pcoplc of W^ayucsboro,tlic advaucc guard of Early's division entered and took possession of their town.Foraging parties had visited them before,but this was the first real occupation of the place by a large and hostile force.The advance of Early's men arrived in the town in the forepart of the day.They took possession of the old town hall,on the square,and orders were at once issued to the citizens for supplies.These orders were promptly obeyed,and,however much against Waynesboro in vaded. Early issues his orders. Major General Jubal A.Early. IN WAR TIMES.2X1 their will,the ladies went to baking bread for their urgent chapteb x. visitors,and the men busied themselves,however unwill- ing-ly,in furnishing other supplies demanded. As a general rule,a strict discipline was maintained among Early's men while in Waynesboro,but many acts of depredation were committed.Stores were visited and Depredations cum- mitted. relieved of their contents,and certain live stock,whose owners had not l)een expeditious enough in removing it to places of safety,was promptly appropriated and turned to uses very far foreign to the original purposes of the owners.It was at this time that the office of the "Village Record."the only newspaper of which Waynesboro then boasted,was visited,its sanctum invaded,its press tam- pered with and its type so pied that it w'as impossible to issue the newspaper then and for some time afterwards. The citizens of Waynesboro,from the day of Early's enemas lines. arrival until after the battle of Gettysburg,were entirely shut off from all communications with the outside world, except through the Confederate lines,which were occa- sionally,however,broken through by venturesome bodies of Federal cavalry,which paid flying visits and made hasty and sometimes reckless assaults upon the enemy.^o^e 55. The main body of Early's men,being upon the march nqj.^,^^^,^^,^bound, with instructions to keep in communication with the army corps to which it belonged,did not remain long in Waynesboro,but marched by way of Ouincy and Funks-June 21th. town to Greenw^ood,where it went into camp,leaving a rear guard at Wavnesboro,which encamped in the neigh- borhood for a day or two longer. From his camp at Greenwood,Earlv rode across to the Eaiiy's further I 'movements on the point on the Harrisburg turnpike,north of Chambers---"i^'ance. burg,where his corps commander,General Ewell,now had his headquarters,for the purpose of receiving instruc- tions as to his future movements.There he received orders which resulted in the expedition to York and ^\isit to York and \\'rightsville,with its chapter of exciting incidents cul-AVnghtsviiie. 232 CHAPTER X. June 26th. The Bridge de- stroyed. June 2&th. Back to Gettys- Inirg. June 30th. A vain boast. WAYNKSBORO. minating in the destruction of the bridge over the Susque- hanna at the place last named.Early's division made its way from York through Gettysburg in two detachments, by two different routes;the one going through East Ber- lin,and the other by the way of Hanover,from which point the Northern Central railway was reached and so successfully damaged as to effectually cut off all railroad connection by that route with Baltimore. It is believed that Early's orders were to seize the \\'rightsville and Columbia bridge,and not to destroy it, l)ut it was burned by the Federal troops to prevent its falling into his possession. Recalled from this expedition by the orders for concen- tration at Gettysburg,Early's division left York for a re- turn to that locality by way of East Berlin,and shortly joined other divisions of this corps,all soon to be engaged in a great battle. When passing \\'aynesboro on the march to Gettys- burg,it is said that individual meml)ers of Early's com- mand loudly boasted of their purpose in coming north, claiming that they intended to go to Philadelphia and Washington and to come back and tell the people of Waynesboro all about it.Be that as it may.Early's forces returned by the way of Waynesboro,but,alas !for them,it was a dift'erent storv thev told on their return. The call to arms in Pennsylvania. Department of the Susquehanna. While the forces of Lee were concentrating on Gettys- burg,and the Army of the Potomac,under Aleade.by rapid approaches,was closing in to give him battle, the alarm bells were ringing all over Pennsylvania,sum- moninsf,under the oroclamation of the President,her citi- zens,yet availal)le.to the defense of their State,and a [Macedonian call had l)een sent forth to her sister States, east and north. When the fact that the North was to be invaded by the Southern army became patent,the first steps taken toward IN WAR TIMES.233 June 9th. Maj Gen.Darius N.Couch. Complications. her defense were the formation of two miHtary depart-chapter x. ments entirely independent of the Army of the Potomac. The one was known as the Department of the ]\Iononga-Records of union hela.Major General W.H.T.Brookes commandinsf,with Armies^'ser.T voi. -r^.XXVII,Part III. headquarters at Pittsburg;the other,the Department of the Susquehanna,Major General Darius N.Couch commanding, with headquarters at Harrisburg. The creation of these new de- partments,called into existence by an emergency,with the pow- ers of the commanders ill-defined, with the scope of operations in- determinate,naturally resulted in adding additional complications to a situation already somewhat involved in difficulties; difficulties arising from the natural friction between a theoretical military policy in vogue at the national capital and a practical policy of operations in the field. When General Couch assumed command of the Depart- ment of the Susquehanna,Governor Curtin issued a proclamation,announcing the fact,proclaiming the dan- ger which threatened,and calling For troops to protect the border.General Couch also at the same time issued a General Order of the Department,in substantially the same terms as the proclamation of the Governor. Volunteering under this call was alarmingly slow.The apparent want of alacrity in responding was by no means due to a lack of patriotism on part of the ])eople.but was largely to be attributed to the uncertain conditions under which the call was made.A call for three years' enlistments had been pending for some time before the first emergency call was made,and there seems to have been a disagreement between the authorities at Washing- ton and at Harrisburg as to the postponement of this call to aid the instant recruiting of men for a shorter term. Governor's procla- mation. June l-2th. Volunteering slow. 234 CHAPTER X. June 14th. President's procla- mation. Junt'l.'itli. Continued difiicul- ries. June I7th. Colored troops. The militia army gathers. Two divisions nr- granized. WAYNESBORO. In addition to this,no provision was made by the general government for the pay of the emergency men.A way to remove this last-named difficulty however,was shown to Secretary Stanton by Colonel Thomas A.Scott,of Pennsylvania,who offered to make arrangements with the financial institutions of the State to raise money for the pay of troops until Congress met. A realization of the situation at length forced itself upon the general government.President Lincoln issued a proclamation,calling for one hundred thousand men.for six months'service,from the States of Maryland,\\'est Mrginia,Pennsylvania,New York and (3hio.The Gov- ernors of each of these States supplemented the call of the President with proclamations couched in the most patriotic and insistent terms. It was soon apparent that,even under the call of the President,volunteers responded tardily.General Couch was early convinced that he could not enlist troops under the President's call for six months'enlistments,and he so informed Secretary Stanton,who forthwith authorized him to muster n:en in whatever way he could. Trouljle arose also about accepting the colored troops which had been ofifered from Philadelphia.General Couch at first refused to muster them,but was subse- quently ordered by Secretary Stanton to do so. Xotwithstanding adverse circumstances,a fair army of militia men,within a few days,rendez^•oused at Harris- buro-,and,under General Couch,began militarv service in the Cumberland \"alley,operating as far southward as Chambersburg and Greencastle,and to the Alaryland line. The troops in the Department of the Susquehanna were organized into two divisions,under the general command of General Couch,whose authority extended from Al- toona,along the Juniata and Susquehanna rivers,to Cono- wongo bridge above Havre-de-Grace,with the valley west For State Def ence Maj.Gen.COUCH. 1st.Pa.Cavalry,J.C.HESS,CoL Comd'g. A hpleodid o|>porluDi(>i«now ofl(>red to all persons wishing'to avoid the Conscription which will be positively enforced about the First week in July;this beings the only Cavalry Rcg'iment now Torniing'for State Defence.. Delay not a day,but walk up and enroll your name in this fine Regiment,and serve under officers of experience.And don't be called a Conscript. EQUIPniENTS AND PAY the same as Volnntecrs in the Regular Serrice. APPLY AT Capt.HEWRY REYWOLDS, A War-time Poster. 236 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER X. June 12th. Protecting the Capital Cit}'. June 13th. June 20th. Report of the Chief Engineer. August 31st. Note 56. Character of Couch's troops. of the Susquehanna to operate in,and the capital city east of that river to defend. 'General Couch issued the first order as the commander of his department at Chambersburg,but immediately took up his headquarters at Harrisburg,and the portion of his command operating in the valley was withdrawn, before the approach of the Confederates,to the defense at Harrisburg. Immediately upon taking up his headquarters at Har- risburg,General Couch communicated with the \\'ar De- partment at Washington,asking authority to employ men to build entrenchments on the opposite side of the river. This authority granted,the work of construction at once commenced,under Major James Brady,of the Pennsyl- vania Volunteer .A.rtillery ;Captain R.I.Dodge,of the Eighth Infantry.U.S.A.,and Mr.John A.Wilson,assist- ant engineer of the Pennsylvania railroad company,with several other gentlemen,members of the same company's corps of engineers.Later,Captain J.B.Wheeler,of the Engineer Corps,U.S.A.,by special order of the \\'ar Department,was sent from West Point to Harrisburg, and was there assigned bv General Couch to dutv as chief engineer of the Department of the Susquehanna.He was entrusted with the entire supervision and completion of the defensive works before the city. In his report to the chief engineer of the United States Army,sent from Chambersburg after the retreat of Lee's armv.Captain Wheeler gives a detailed account of his ser- vices,and sul)mits a draft,or sketch,showing the position of the field works on the west side of the Susquehanna opposite Harrisburg,which,by order of General Couch, had l^een named,and are now known as "Fort Washing- ton."To a portion of these fortifications the name of "Fort Henry Clay"has also attached. Some idea of the character of the troops in the Depart- ment of the Susquehanna at this time may be had from I VU*.•"WJiv ',JM I I'^MN :;. Sheet to HISTORY OF SKETCH defensive:works and approaches AT I 5 B "J ^^'^^' lOOFT TO AN IMCMacAi.e Aoof TO *n ikcm FORTS "WASHINGTON"AND "' FROM THE original" -I 'AYNESBORO. ;lay"opposite HARRISBURG. war department. ASTCR,LENOX AND TIUDEN FOUNDATIONS. IN WAR TIMES.237 the estimate placed upon them Ijy their commanding gen-chapter x. eral.who,in a message to the Secretary of War,sums up the situation thus : "You win readily understand what forces I have when a few regiments,with a sprinkling of nine months'men in them,are the veterans.The New York troops look well, but are without much confidence in themselves ;my little artillery is all raw,my cavalry the same. "I now have two New York regiments,eight hundred n-en.at Carlisle;one Pennsylvania regiment near Gettys- burg to harass the enemy,and,if possible,to hold the mountain there.Milroy is at Bedford and vicinity,with, perhaps,twenty-eight hundred of his old force and one thousand Pennsylvania militia.He there serves as a threat to anv advance in this direction from Chambers- burg,liesides holding the country. "I speak of the quality and condition of my troops in order that you may not wonder why I do not boldly face them against the rebels in the Cumberland Valley." Couch to Stanton, June 22nd. Speaking again,later,on the subject,.General..Couch June says: •..-...-..v,...-,..,...,......^^ "The fortifications opposite here (Harrisburg)are as strong as we can make them.My whole orgg.nized force is sixteen thousand;five thousand organized troops will whip them all to pieces in an open field." 29th. June 25th. Such was the condition of the troops in the department General smith^^commands tirst when Brigadier General W.F.-->^^.Division. Smith,who some time before had been ordered to report to General Couch,was assigned to the command of all troops on the south or west side of the Susquehanna river,in the vicinity of Harrisburg. The steady approach of the Confederate army into Penn- sylvania warned Governor Curtin that every consideration of the safety of the State capital demanded that he should Brigadier General W.F.Smith Additional Troopi called for. 238 CHAPTER X. June 26th. In touch with Meade. June 28th. The State Capital threatened. June 28th,2.30 P.M. The President asks for news. WAYNESBORO. call for and secure additional troops.To this end a formal proclamation,calling for sixty thousand ninety days"men,was issued.For the men who responded there were no uniforms,and General Halleck was disinclined to furnish them,but after Governor Curtin and General Cameron had appealed to President Lincoln,Secretary Stanton ordered the uniforms to be shipped. As the Army of the Potomac had by this time drawn near enough to make the troops at Harrisburg available in any plan of battle which might be adopted,General Couch received orders from ^^'ashington to co-operate with Gen- eral Meade,and to be subject to him. The situation at Harrisburg was now critical.It was the hour when Jenkins'cavalry and the advance of Rodes' divison of Ewell's Confederate army corps had made their closest visit to the capital of Pennsylvania.General Couch was constrained,by the imminence of the danger, to notif}'the Secretary of AA'ar that by night the enemy would take possession up to his defenses on the river. "Their ad\'ance,"says his message of this hour,"has open- ed artillery fire four miles from my defenses." At four o'clock in the afternoon,the following message of anxious incjuiry was wired to the threatened city on the Susquehanna : "War Department,Washington,D.C. Major General D.N.Couch : What news now?What are the enemy firing at four miles from your works? A.Lincoln." As this day grew to a close,every step possible to meet an attack was taken by the civil and military authorities in Harrisburg.The defenses were manned as best the}' could be,and every preparation made at the west end of the bridges to destroy them at a moment's notice,while the railroad brido-es,some miles north of the citv.were IN WAR TIMES.239 Strongly guarded to prevent a crossing,and a flank or chapter x. rear movement of the enemy from that direction. The military situation was well understood at Harris- burg,and there was,at least,one cool-headed and intelli- gent man there,who could,and did,certify it to the war department as follows : '"We have reliable and undoubted information from Cameron to stan-....1 r-v 1 T 1 1 t°"'-T^ne 29th,8.40 three distmct sources that General L,ee now has nearly,p.m. if not quite,one hundred thousand men between Cham- bersburg,on the upper side of the South Mountain,and Gettysburg,on the east side of the mountain,and the Susquehanna river. "His columns at present extend from Shippensburg to near Harrisburg,and from Gettysburg to near Columbia. They have over two hundred and fifty pieces of artillery by an actual count.Within the next forty-eight hours Lee will cross the Susquehanna river,unless General Meade strikes his columns to-morrow,and compels him to concentrate his forces for a general battle. "Let me impress upon you the absolute necessity of action by Meade to-morrow,even if attended with great risk,because if Lee gets his army across the Susque- hanna,and puts our armies on the defensive of that line, you will readily apprehend the disastrous results that must follow to the country. Simon Cameron." When the lines of battle were drawn at Gettysburg,ordered to the and the Confederate forces were withdrawn from their position near Harrisburg.the troops there under Couch became an available force,and were at once ordered by j^j ^^^ General Halleck to operate as an integral part of Meade's army upon the left flank and rear of the opposing forces of General Lee. Before following further the fortunes of the troops '^^J' confederates°-C^return to Waynes- from the Department of the Susquehanna upon their ^°''°' march along the base of the South Mountain,and their junction with Meade's army at Waynesboro,it will be 240 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER X.necessary to advert briefly to certain incidents of the re- treat of the Confederate army from Gettysburg,and their relation to the town of Waynesboro. July **.The orders of the commanding general of the defeated Southern army for the retreat from Gettysburg contemp- Route and order of latcd tlic withdrawal of the Army of Northern Virginia by the shorter route through Hagerstown and Williamsport, a distance of about forty miles.This plan made Waynes- boro a prominent point on the line of Lee's retreat. According to the orders,Hill's (third)corps was moved at dark;Longstreet's (first)corps to follow with prisoners ;Ewell's (second)corps to be the rear guard tlie first day,and Hill's (third)corps the next.Ewell's corps,to which belonged Early's division reached Fair- juiy 5th.field at four o'clock in the afternoon,Gordon's brigade of Early's division being the rear guard.They camped that night about a mile and a half west of Fairfield ;the July 6th.next day they still guarded the rear,and that night en- camped near Waynesboro,which place they entered and ""*'* passed about ten o'clock the next morning,reaching Hagerstown about noon.They were closely followed by Hill's corps,behind which came the Federal cavalry from the mountain in close pursuit,which particular operation of the Federal forces will be described more fully later. capt*Boyd^^°" °^'^^^^following uicssagc from Captain W.H.Boyd, of the First New York Cavalry,shows that this intrepid officer was not idle at a distance while the Confederates July 7th,1.30 P-M.were passing Waynesboro : "Just arrived here (Chambersburg)from Waynesboro. Have forty-four prisoners.Have captured,since I left Harrisburg,seven wagons,twenty-nine mules,fifty-two horses and one hundred and sixty-five prisoners.I was in the line of the wagon train near Waynesboro this morning." The fortunes of As Early's divisiou was more intimately connected with Early's Division. Waynesboro than any other portion of the Southern IN WAR TIMES.241 army,a more detailed account of its fortunes with pro-chapter x. priety can be given here. This division,when it visited Waynesboro on the way to Gettysburg,was accompanied 1)y the Seventeenth Vir- ginia Cavah-y.under command of Colonel A\".H.French. The division proper consisted of four Ijrigades.com- manded respectively by Brigadier General Harry T.The troops he had ^with him. Hayes,of Louisiana,with the Fifth,Sixth,Seventh,Eighth and Ninth Louisiana regiments ;Brigadier General J.B. Gordon,of Georgia,with the Thirteenth,Twenty-sixth, Thirty-first,Thirty-eighth and Sixtieth Georgia regi- ments;Brigadier General R.F.Hoke (wounded and ab- sent),Colonel Isaac E.Avery,of North Carolina,com- manding,with the Sixth,Twenty-iirst,Fifty-fourth,Fifty- seventh and First North Carolina regiments ;Brigadier General W.Smith,of Virginia,with the Thirteenth, Thirty-first,Forty-ninth.Fifty-second and Fifty-eighth Virginia regiments.General Early had also the follow- ing artillery force,commanded by Lieutenant Colonel H.P.Jones ;Charlottesville,Virginia,artillery.Captain James M.D.Cunningham ;Courtney,Virginia,artillery, Captain W.A.Turner ;Louisiana Guard,artillery.Cap- tain C.A.Green ;Staunton,Virginia,artillery.Captain A.W.Garber. It will be,perhaps,the most striking commentary on The loss at Get- tysburg, the conduct of this body of men in the,to them,disas- trous battle of Gettysburg,to show how many of their number did not visit Waynesboro again on the home- ward march,but remained behind,wounded or missing. Of Hayes'Louisiana boys,there were twenty-two killed and one hundred and seventy-two wounded ;of Gordon's Georgia boys,there were sixty-five killed and two hundred and fifty-eight wounded;Hoke's North Carolina brigade escaped without any loss reported,but of Smith's Virginians,there were fourteen killed and ninety-two wounded. July 6th. 242 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER X.The total loss of Early's command was twenty-one officers and one hundred and thirty-three men killed, sixty officers and seven hundred and forty men wounded, and fourteen officers and two himdred and thirteen men missing",the whole aggregating eleven hundred and eighty-one. i^T^ot'hL'TATmy.-^series of short engagements between Lee's retreat- ing army and the pursuing Army of the Potomac took place in the neighborhood of Waynesboro.Perhaps, July 4th.^I^g most exciting and most dramatic was Kilpatrick's midnight attack upon the Confederate wagon train near Monterey.Many graphic descriptions of this encounter have been written.It was on this occasion that certain Note 57.residents of \\'aynesboro and vicinity fell into the hands of the enemy. AA'hile E^vel^s corps was at \\"aynesboro,Hill's corps was crossing the mountain at Monterey.General Sedg- wick's Sixth corps of the Army of the Potomac,lay east Federal Troops en-of Alontcrcy ill tlic dircctioii of Emiuittsburg.From tack.that point,Sedgwick sent forward to Fairfield the third brigade of the second division of his corps,consisting of the Seventh Maine,Forty-third.Forty-ninth and Seventy- seventh New York,and Sixty-first Pennsylvania regi- ments,under command of Brigadier General Tliomas A. Neill.General Neill was also given a battery of rifle cannon,and General Pleasanton,commanding the Cav- alry Corps,sent forward to join him the brigade of cav- alry commanded by Colonel J-B.Mcintosh,and con- sisting of the First New Jersey,First and Third Pennsyl- vania,and First Maryland regiments.These officers were ordered to follow the enemy cautiously as he retreated, and to keep the commanding general constantly informed of his movements. Col.Mcintosh re-In tlic aftcmoon of the same dav.Colonel Mcintosh ports. July 6th,3.45 P.M.^^^-^^word to his commanding general that he had fallen IN WAR TIMES.•243 Upon and was engaging the enemy's rear guard on the chapter x. Waynesboro turnpike.His message said : "Have advanced upon the Waynesboro road about two miles from the point where the roads diverge,one going to Fairfield and the other to Waynesboro. ''I engaged the enemy two hours until they moved out a strong infantry force against me.I was in sight of their train.It is moving oft"in the direction of Waynes- boro.The enemy had formed two lines of infantry,and were busy forming a third wdien I engaged the rear guard. "Bulk of Lee's army passed on to the Waynesboro pike from Fairfield.They passed through Fountain Dale and Monterey,moving to Hagerstown," Upon his arrival at Wavnesboro,General Neill,in a P™ej-ai Neiii '^in Waynesboro. message to General Warren,acting chief of staff,gives the following account of his advance to that place : "I marched my command from Fairfield to Waynes- boro to-day,and just missed capturing the rear guard of Lee's army,which left at ten this morning.The whole rebel army is by this time,at least,as far as Hagers- town.I can not overhaul them to-night,but will push them towards Hagerstown to-morrow.The whole rebel army have taken the pike tow'ards Hagerstown,and,I believe,are making rapidly,and in tolerably good order, towards Wiliamsport." In pursuance of his orders from Washington upon the l^j^l^^!^"^^^^ °^ withdrawal of the enemy from Gettysburg,General Couch began to advance his troops from Harrisburg along the valley with the ultimate purpose,as advised by General Halleck,of operating upon Lee's left flank,or rear.General W.F.Smith,commanding the first divi-checked at Car- lisle. sion,wdth part of his forces,occupied Carlisle,wdiere he met with a temporary check through the near approach J^'y i^t. of a Confederate cavalry force,under General Fitzhugh Lee,of Stuart's cavalry command,who surrounded the 244 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER X. On to the front. July 3rd. Jiilv 4tli.5th and 6th. Gen.Meade as- sumes command. .Julv 7th. Smith reaches Waynesboro. Julv 8th. Receives orders. July 10th. A reconnoisance along the Antietam. place,demanded surrender,and,in default thereof,threw a number of shells into the town,burned the barracks, and then retired. Having been joined here next day by the remainder of his then available command,General Smith Ijegan his march on the following morning in the direction of Get- tysburg by the way of Mount Holly and Pine Grove, detailing portions of his command to guard and recon- noiter the main cross roads,as necessity demanded,and during the next three days he cautiously made his way along the base of the mountains in the generally indefi- nite direction in which he had been ordered to proceed. Meanwhile,General Aleade,by virtue of authority from the war department,assumed formal command of the forces under General Couch,and an order reached General Smith from General Meade to report to him at Gettysburg.Early the next morning,however,this order was countermanded,and General Smith was in- structed to pursue the enemy.Obeying these orders, the same day he marched on to Waynesboro,and there joined General Neill and Colonel Mcintosh,whose occu- pation of the place has been already described. It was two days after the arrival of General Smith and his troops at A\'aynesboro before any definite orders were received from General Meade as to future move- ments.Then General Smith was ordered to occupy the enemy to the best advantage,and to hold himself in readiness either to join the Armv of the Potomac,or to return to the Department of the Susquehanna,as cir- cumstances might require. The same day.Colonel Alclntosh received orders to make a reconnoisance,with his l)rigade of cavalry and a battery of artillery,from Waynesboro along the Antie- tam creek below Leitersburg.which.General Smith says in his official report,"he did in tlie most skillful manner, Waynesboro. July 11th. Smith departs. IN WAR TIMES.245 driving the enemy's cavalry pickets across the creek chapter x. upon their infantry and artihery supports." In this affair,Colonel Mcintosh received support Iron a portion of General Smith's command.The Twenty- seventh Pennsylvania militia,commanded by Colonel Frick,operated at Ringgold and Smithsburg.The Forty- third regiment,New York Volunteers,of General Neill's command,also supported Colonel Mcintosh,being posted near Leitersburg. /-N 1 11 .,,.11 f All troops pre-Urders were shortly received for the departure from iiare tojeave Waynesboro of General Neill's and Colonel Mcintosh's forces.They were ordered to join the Army of the Po- tomac at once,and departed that evening. General Smith had received no or- ders,but determining to leave Colonel Brisbane at Waynesboro to guard his communications,at least,until the day following,he issued marching orders to Juiy nth. all his remaining troops,and moved, with what forces he had with him,al- Brigadier General most simultancously witli General Neill. Joseph F.Knipe. to Cavetown.Here he posted his troops,and made a report to General Meade,in which he recommended the apportioning of his command among the older divisions of the army.General ]\leade,how- ever,declined to follow this advice. Subsequently,orders were received to send the New July 15th.• York militia home by the way of Frederick. The Pennsylvania militia were concentrated at Hagers- town under General Brisbane. The Second Division of militia,under General Dana, held position at Chambersburg. The troops which constituted the First Division,as it Troops in the First Division was concentrated at Waynesboro,were as follows :Miutia. 246 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER X.First brigade,Brigadier General Joseph F.Knipe,con- sisted of the Eighth New York National Guard,Colonel J.M.Varian ;Seventy-first New York National Guard, Colonel Benjamin L.Trafford. Second brigade,Brigadier General P.St.George Crooke.consisted of the Thirteenth New York National Guard,Colonel John B.Woodward ,Twenty-eighth New York National Guard,I ieutenant Colonel David A. Bokee. Third brigade.Brigadier General Jesse C.Smith,con- sisted of the Twenty-third New York National Guard, Colonel William Everdell ;Fifty-second New York National Guard,Colonel Mathias W".Cole ;Fifty-sixth New York National Guard,Colonel J.G.Adams. Fourth brigade,Brigadier General John Ewen,con- sisted of the Eleventh New York National Guard,Colo- nel Joachim Maidhoff;Twenty-second New York Na- tional Guard,Colonel Lloyd Aspinwall ;Thirty-seventh New York National Guard,Colonel Charles Roome. Fifth brigade,Brigadier General William Brisbane, consisted of the Sixty-eighth New York National Guard, Colonel David S.Forbes ;Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Militia,Colonel James Chamberlin ;Thirty-second Penn- sylvania Militia,Colonel Charles S.Smith;Thirty-third Pennsylvania Militia,Colonel AA'illiam \\'.Taylor. Sixth brigade.Colonel Jacob G.Frick,consisted of the Twenty-seventh Pennsylvania Militia,Colonel Frick's own regiment ;Thirty-first Pennsylvania Militia,Colonel George Newkumet. The cavalry force consisted of two companies of Penn- sylvania cavalry,aggregating one hundred and twenty men. The artillery consisted of a Philadelphia battery,com- manded by Captain Henry D.Eandis,with eighty-seven men,and another Pennsylvania battery,commanded by Captain E.Spencer Aliller,with ninety-four men. IN WAR TIMES.247 The total number of troops for active service at chapter x. Waynesboro at this time was six thousand seven hundred "^"^^"*^" and twenty-three,of which three thousand six hundred and sixty-seven were Pennsylvanians. While the Union troops occupied Waynesboro on this .1,1 1 1 • ,1 1 1 /^Soldier's pleased occasion,they seemed to l)e pleased with the place.One with Waynesboro. (Brigadier General P.St.George Crooke)spoke of it as a "considerable village,"and remembers the pleasant weather,which continued until the day of his departure, when a tremendous storm occurred.J^^y 12th. When the Sixty-eighth regiment of New York Na- tional Guard,belonging to General Smith's command, arrived in town they received a most hearty welcome from General Neill's Forty-ninth New York Volunteers.^reception. I'he forty-ninth met them with their regimental band, and escorted them to camp. The troops were encamped on the hills south of town. During this time,it is apparent that,whatever may have been the feeliut-'in other quarters,there was an ap-Another battle ex- '^^'^pected. prehension of a desperate renewal of hostilities with the enemy,before he escaped into his own country,among the troops of the Department of the Susquehanna;an agonizing hope for such a consummation among certain ones high in authoritv in the nation,and a cautious watchfulness to meet such a contingency with readiness on the part of the retreating Confederate chieftain. The following general order,issued by General Knipe, at Waynesboro,shows how matters were looked upon there : Military order issued in Waynes^ boro. "Headquarters,First Division, Department of the Susquehanna,Juiy nth. Waynesboro,Pa. "The brigadier general commanding calls the atten- tion of the command to the certainty of an early engage- 248 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER X.ment with the enemy,and it is strictly enjoined upon brigade,regimental and company commanders to attend at once to the condition of the arms and ammunition of the men under them. "Xo time is to be lost in putting the arms in perfect order,and seeing that the boxes are filled with cartridges. The rations on hand must be cooked and put in haver- sacks,so that no detention will ensue when the order to march is given,and abo that the men may not suffer for food when it may be impossible for the supply trains to reach them. By order of Brigadier General ^^^F.Smith,Com- manding. Alexander Farnham, Acting A.A.G. Promulgated by order of Brigadier General Knipe, Robert Muench,A.A.G." More soldiers needed. The President on the situation. Julv Sth.in.45 A.M. Jiilv Sth,12.30 P.M. Page 612. V.and C.Rec. The authorities at Wasliington were anxiously urging the Department of the Susquehanna,at Harrisburg,to gather and send with expedition more soldiers down the N'alley.Here is a specimen of the telegraphic corres- pondence : Adjutant General L.Thomas,at Harrisburg,had noti- fied Secretary Stanton that certain three additional regi- ments were beyond Carlisle,to be joined by two regi- ment to be moved from Harrisburg."This force,"said Adjutant General Thomas,"can make a junction with Pierce and move down the Cumberland "Valley,on the enemy's rear." This information provoked the following character- istic message in reply,from one in high authority,"who sluml)ered not nor slept"while Lee was north of the Potomac : ''War Department, Washington,D.C. Your dispatch of this morning to the secretary of war is before me.The force you speak of will be of no IN WAR TIM^S.249 imaginable service if they can not go forward with more chapter x. expedition.Lee is now passing the Potomac faster than the forces yon mention are passing CarHsle.Forces now beyond Carhsle,to be assigned to regiments at Harris- bnrg,and the nnited forces again to join Pierce some- where and the whole to move dowai the Cumberland Valley,will in my unprofessional opinion,be quiie as likely to capture 'the man in the moon ' as any part of Lee's Army. A.Lincoln." There is evidence,too,of w^hat was General Lee's ^^^'^^^^'^ opinion of the situation at the time,which can be gath- ered from a dispatch which he sent to General Stuart,July 10th. informing him of the fact that a Confederate soldier,w^ho ^^^^^^\,„^'U.and C.Rec. was wounded at Gettysburg and had made his escape, had reported to him that he had seen a heavy column of federal troops at Waynesboro,the General warning- Stuart as follows : "We must prepare for a vigorous battle,and trust in the mercy of God and the valor of our troops.Get your men in command,and have everything ready." Was there reason,then,that General Cameron,see- Cameron and Lin- coln. ing the situation,should,in his earnest style,again ad-juiy i4th. dress President Lincoln :Page 700. U.and C.Rec. ***I hope in God you will put forth your authority and order every man in arms between the Sus- quehanna and the Potomac to unite with Meade,so that he may have no reason for delay in giving battle before the falling liood allows Lee's army to escape," or that President Lincoln should reply:.tuu-15th. "***I would give much to be relieved of {fl^lmd^c.Rec the impression that Meade,Couch,Smith and all,since the battle of Gettysburg,have striven only to get Lee over the river without any fighting.Please tell me,if 250 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER X.you know,^^•ho was the one corps commander who was for fighting-in the council of war on Sunday night."? The escape of Lee into Virginia ended the suspense. BURNING OF CHAMBERSBURG. The lesson of Gettysburg. A Federal policy and the result. Chambersburg the sacrifice. Note 58. Notwithstanding all the anxiety and loss of property which the earlier years of the war hrought to Pennsvl- vanians.whose homes were in the border land,it was reserved for the last midsummer of the war to be marked by the most serious calamity which befell any portion of this patiently suffering and long scourged people. Gettysburg had taught both sides that the war was no longer simply an agency to advance the aml)itions of men,with a middle ground whereon,by mutual conces- sions,the peace of compromise might be found,but that it was a conflict that must be.prosecuted to its conclu- sion,no matter how radical,and even desperate,were the expedients to be employed by both sides. It avails little now to question the wisdom of the Fed- eral policy which laid waste so many of the beautiful southern homes in the Shenandoah A'alley.It was,, doubtless,expedient from a radical standpoint,Init whether a benefit for the Federal cause was derived from this policy,commensurate with the injury inflicted by retaliatory measures upon loyal citizens of the Union, and particularly upon the people of Chambersburg,is. still an open cpiestion. The reason,openly a\'owed l)y the Confederate au- thorities,for the burning of Chambersburg,is that it was a retaliatory measure for the destruction of property in the South.It is particularly denied by the same authori- ties that Chambersburg was selected as the sacrifice rather than any other border town because of any feeling against it.The claim is that it was more accessible for a raid than an\-other Pennsyhania town of sufiicient importance. > THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY. ASTOR,LENOX AND TILDEN FOUNDATIONS. IN WAR TIMES.253 In pursuance of the plan of operations,which the gov-chapter x. ernment at \\'ashington followed throughout the war,the The military Bitua- .,.,.,,,,1 r 1 1 tio^i i°^^^valley. military department which had been created tor the de- fense of the Cumberland Valley,the great highway to the North,during the summer of 'sixty-four,was again shorn of its strength.It had been withdrawn for the protection of other towns,and the entire valley,from the Maryland line to Harrisburg,lay at the mercy of any well-informed and daring band of Southern raiders,with assurance enough to outwit,or strength enough to break through the lines of the Federal defenses along the Potomac. Fully informed of this situation,Lieutenant General Jubal A.Early,at an auspicious period,issued instruc-The raid planned, tions,in a formal order,to the brigades of Brigadier -^"'^^°^^- Generals John McCausland and Brad- ley T.Johnson to cross into Pennsyl- vania,go to Chambersburg,and there levy tribute on its people to the amount of one hundred thousands dollars in gold,or five hundred thousand dollars in Northern money,to pay for cer- ^Jl^"^'" " ^'j^f' tam properties which had been destroy-t,.'/ ,.-jT-••1 1 f J.1 Brigadier General ed 111 Virginia by order 01 tlie john mccausland. Federal military authorities.In default of the payment of this money,the command was to burn the entire town, in retahation for the burning of the Virginia homes. To defend against this raid,General Couch,the com-pe^grai troops for mander of the Department of the Susquehanna,who ^^^^"^^• then had his headquarters at Chambersburg,had only a meagre force in the valley.This force was disposed as follows when the raid was projected: At the barracks in Carlisle was one company of forty ^t Carlisle, men,belonging to the Sixth United States Cavalry, (16) 254 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER X. At Chambersburg. Position of Averell. At Emmittsburg. Sent to the front. Julv 26th.P.M. .Tulv 27th.A.il. Julv 28th,A.M., to July 29th,P.M. A demonstration near Hagerstown. under command of Lieutenant H.C.McLean.This company Avas permanently located at the barracks,but was made,by authority of the general government,sub- ject to General Couch's orders.At Chambersburg were the Patapsco (Maryland)Guards,about sixty men,under command of Captain T.S.McGowan,and a detatchment of the First New York Light Artillery,Battery A,two guns,under command of Lieutenant Underbill.Three days before the raid.General Couch had with him also at Chambersburg two companies of mounted Pennsyl- vania militia.The one was commanded by Captain E.B. Sanno,and the other by Captain George D.Stroud.At this juncture,however,at the request of Brigadier Gen- eral \Y.W.Averell.of the Department of ^^>st Virginia, who was Ivino;at Hagerstown with his command.General Couch turned over to him these two last-mentioned companies. The only other troops,in any way available for General Couch,were a company of independent scouts from Philadelphia,an unpaid force,which,at this time,watched in the neighborhood of Emmittsiourg,Maryland. When AverelTs scouts discovered the northward movement of the enemy,and reported the same to Gen- eral Couch,the latter officer at once ordered forward from Carlisle Lieutenant McLean,with his company. This force reached Chambersburg,and proceeded at once,by the way of Greencastle,to Mercersburg,at which point they forthwith entered upon active service in scouting and picket duty.Fifteen men of this com- mand were detailed and sent to Greencastle,under Lieu- tenant Jones,and did picket duty on the roads south of that place.McLean's pickets extended from Shimps-| town to ^NIcCovs'Ferrv,on the Potomac,and to Clear Spring and Cherry Run. To cover the movements of McCausland and [olinson, IN WAR TIMES.255 who were crossing the river at TvIcCoys'Ferry,and to chapter x. divert the attention of Averell in another direction,the Confederate commanders,Imboden and Vaughn,made a juiy 29th,noon. demonstration in the neighborhood of Hagerstown,and Averell,in consequence,retired to Greencastle. A few liours later,AIcLean's pickets were driven in vance"oTMercers- from AlcCoys'Ferrv to Cherrv Run and Clear Spring, . ' . ' ...3.00 p.M. from which point they continued to retire to within two miles of Shimpstown,when the enemy took a cross road to the right leading to the \^alley road,on which they advanced toward Mercersburg.Their advance,about two hundred in number,charged through that town, and forced McLean and his men to fall back,after a McLean retires. severe skirmish.It was now growing dark,and,after leaving a picket at Bridgeport,McLean fell back to St. Thomas,a point on the Pittsburg pike about seven miles west from Chambersburg. The enemy continued to advance,and,at an early hour ^"'-]^i^"'^' ^"'^'^ in the morning,McLean sent a dispatch to General Couch that his pickets had been driven in from Bridge- port.Later,an oral message from McLean informed 2.00 a.m. Couch that he was being driven in from St.Thomas. Meanwhile,in Chambersburg,Couch was exerting chaniberebm^.*" every effort,but in vain,to warn Averell of the approach of the enemy,and to secure his assistance.Shortly after midnight,the wagon trains of General Averell and a num- ber of refugees had reached Chambersburg,and had en- camped near the place.To get them out of danger,^ote 59. Couch ordered them to Shippensburg. Within the space of another hour,the approaching Holding the raiders in check. enemy were on the hills just beyond the western con-^^^^^j fines of the town.Assured of this fact,General Couch, in order to save the trains of Averell and those of the railroad company,as well as to give warning to General Averell,ordered Lieutenant L'nderhill,with one of the 256 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER X. Gen.Couch retires to Harrisburg. 3.00 A.M. 3.30 A.M. 5.15 A.M. guns of the First New York Light Artillery,to take po- sition on the Pittsburg pike about a mile west of town, and,supported by Captain McGowan's Maryland in- fantry,consisting then of about thirty-five men,and Lieutenant McLean's cavalry,now reduced in number to twenty-four men,to temporarily hold the enemy in check.This was all the force which Couch had at com- mand,except one other gun which had been ordered to cover the rear of the trains until they should be properly started on the road. General Couch then retired upon the railroad train in the direction of Harrisburg,leaving Major C.H. Maneely,Commissary of Muster,to carry out his orders. Lieutenant UnderhilTs gun opened fire on the enemy, who were held in check for nearly two hours,when the little force,almost surrounded,retired in safety through the town,being careful not to fire a shot within its limits in order that there should be no excuse offered the enemy for opening fire upon the buildings. The force of the enemy. 5.30 A.M. They take the town The defenders re- tire. The Confederate forces,consisting of McCausland's brigade and four pieces of artillery,and Johnson's bri- gade with two pieces of artillery,in all about twenty-six hundred men,formed in battle line at,or near,the old fair grounds,west of town,with men partly dismounted. Two shells were fired mto the town as a warning,and were immediately followed by an advance,through all the streets and alleys in the main portion of the town running eastward,of six companies of dismounted Vir- ginia cavalry,Major Sweeney commanding,and four companies mounted,Major Harry W.Gilmore command- ing,in all about five hundred men. The little handful of Couch's men had made good their retreat,and were now well on the way to Shippensburg. and,for the third time,this ill-fated Pennsylvania town IN WAR TIMES.257 was at the mercy of the invaders,doomed now to de-chapter x. strnction.Note eo. No time was lost in promulgating the order of General The demand for Early,and the demand for ransom.The people lacked both the disposition and ability to comply with this order. Its reading was simply a matter of form,and,before the majority of the people comprehended what those last strokes,which the old court house bell gave forth,really meant,the fearful work of destruction had begun.^.oo a.m. Before noon of that day,five hundred and thirty-nine Jtroyed!^" ^®" buildings w^ere burned.Over a million and a half dollars' worth of property lay in ashes,and more than three thou- sand people were rendered homeless,many of them left to suffer during the years to come. f-^.,.,.,Major Gilmore i he work 01 destruction was under .^i^^^s..supervising, the supervision of Major Harry W. Gilmore.Negotiations over the ran- som had been cut short in the early morning by a premature rumor of the approach of General Averell and his men.They were expected early by both friend and foe,but the town was destroyed and the perpetrators of the deed were well started in retreat be-Major harry w.gilmore. fore Averell's men arrived upon the scene. Their work having been accomplished at the earliest Tiie enemy retire. 11.00 A.M. possible moment,McCausland drew in his pickets,and began to retire towards McConnellsburg.It was con- siderably later when General Averell approached from Avereii arrives. .1.30 A.M the direction of Fayetteville,and followed in pursuit of the retiring raiders,across the mountain to the westward. The only troops in Waynesboro during this period ^J"°^°p® *°waynes- were Captain E.B.Sanno's mounted company of one hundred days'men.They had been sent there by Gen- eral Averell during the time Chambersburg was in the 258 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER X.hands of the enemy,and tlie day following they picketed the roads leading from Waynesboro to the Potomac and toward Chambers1)urg. SPANISH AMERI- CAN WAR,1898. Representatives from 'Waynesboro. Captain Walker G.A.R.Post. September 10, 1882. No.287. August 5,1864. Charter members. In the Spanish-.\merican \\'ar,which aroused the patriotic spirit of the people of the United States to the highest pitch,Waynesboro again had her representatives in the war-ser\-ice of the country,and for the purpose of making the record of the town,as complete as possible, and as a suggestion to the future historian,the names of the young men from W^aynesboro,who entered the war-service of the United States,"to tight the Spaniard'' are here appended,so far as ascertained : William L.Amberson,Frank Cummings,James Mathews,George McKown,John Mumper,and Wilbur Plank. Sixteen years after the first charter was granted to that most honorable and patriotic order,the Grand Army of the Republic,the veteran soldiers of the war.for the pre- servation of the Union,who claimed Waynesboro as their home,came together and organized in the name of "Fra- ternity,Charity and Loyalty."Their organization was given the name of Captain Walker Post,Grand Army of the Republic."'The post was called after Captain Wal- ker because he gave faithful service and his life to his country.He served during the war,was in many battles, was wounded at Stone river,but returned again to his command,and was killed at Atlanta,Georgia.He was shot through the temples,and his body remained in the hands of the enemy.It was never recovered by his friends,and it is not known where he is buried. The charter members of Captain Walker Post number- ed twenty-se\en.as follows: H.G.Bonebrake.F.J.Beard,David C.Deatrich,Philip R.Welsh.George W.Welsh,^^ilHam A.Price,Lewis W. IN WAR TIMES.259 Deatrich,John R.Hoeflich,Samuel Hoeflich,George G.chapter x. Pilkington,Thomas J.Cunningham.J.W.\\'heeler,Alex. D.Alorganthall.George xA.Rhea,James B.French, Daniel Cleverstone,G.Frank Lidy,Abraham Bonder, Michael H.Stoner.James P.Wolff.Jacob R.Wolfers- berger,Dr.A.S.Bonebrake,John C.Smith,Charles T. Eckman,Ezra Hanstine,Jacob Potter,Jacob Storm. The post had commanders as follows:H.G.Bone-commanders. brake,John A.Diebold,John G.Grumbine,G.Frank ^°^'^^ Lidy,David C.Deatrich.F.J.Beard,S.H.Brown,Daniel Gossert.H.S.Rider. The post has lost the following by death : The death roii. Eewis W.Deatrich,David C.Deatrich.George G.Pilk- ington,George A.Rhea,George W.Welsh,^1.H. Stoner,Jacob R.Wolfersberger,Charles T.Eckman, John C.jMartin,John H.Herr,William Symons,George B.Hawker.Jeremiah \''ellis,Sydenham W.Pilkington, David Young,\\'illiam Nolan,Geo.B.Lackens,David A\'.Alonn,Josiah I\Ientzer.\\^illiam Pennell,John D. Frederick,John AI.Jones,Scott Randall,Noah Snyder, Benjamin Yeakle,Noah V.Doub.Henry Rickert, Emanuel Diffenderfer,David Ditch.Josiah Geesaman, William W.Teach.James A.Murray,John H.Zeigler, Dr.Aaron Gingrich.Augustus Baker,Arnold Rodgers, David Robinson,John Shaffer.Wm.Ross,Adam Heist, Frederick Hoffman,William H.Smith,John W.Hop- wood,Augustus Westcot,John Rock,Julius Seabach. The present membership is ninetv :the total enroll-Present member- ship. ment to date,two hundred and fifteen ;the number lost by death,forty-six.and from other causes,seventy-nine. The post,from its organization,has been upon a good Financial stand- financial basis.All its money has been derived from the voluntary contributions and dues of members.Taken altogether,it ranks with the best inland posts in the de- partment of Pennsylvania. ing. 26o WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER X. Woman's Relief Corps,No.26. October 27,1SS5. Charter members. First officers. About three years after the formation of the army post> at Waynesboro,the Captain John E.Walker Woman's ReHef Corps came into existence,and since that time has given to the post,with unremitting zeal,the benefit of its services,which,at length culminated in the erection of the beautiful soldiers'monument in Burns Hill cemetery, which was unveiled during the centennial celebration,in honor of the soldiers of that locality.An account of this unveiling is given elsewhere. The charter members of the Woman's Relief Corps were as follows :Mrs.Mary J.Reynolds,Mrs.Cora C. Bonebrake,]\Irs.Lizzie Lidy,IMrs.Jennie Cans,Mrs. Lillie McGuigan,]Mrs.Sophia Diebold,]\Irs.^Maria Cleverstone,Airs.Alarietta Panny,'Mrs.Annie Hawker, Mrs.Sue R.Byers,]\Irs.Belle Rider,Mrs.Rebecca Stoner,^^Irs.Amelia Readle,Mrs.Rett Davis,Mrs,Mary Woolard,]^lrs.Rose Manns,Mrs.Alice Snively,Mrs. Laura Pilkington,Miss Lidie Pilkington,Miss Mary AA'alker.]\Iiss ^vlaggie Dukehart. The first presiding officer was IMrs.Alary J.Reynolds. The first secretary was Miss Mary Walker.The number of members initiated since organization,including charter members,were,at last reports,forty-four,and the pres- ent membership,eighteen. Military characters. Col.David H. Brotherton. 1854. As of general interest,and pertinent to the military history of A\'aynesboro,a brief mention is now made of one or two individuals who seem to be entitled to be referred to on account of their military services. Colonel David H.Brotherton,L'nited States Army, had quite a noted career as a soldier,which extended from the date of his graduation,at \\^est Point,down through the most stirring periods of the country's history since then.He began his services in Texas,and for many years was engaged in military operations against the In- dians,performing numerous important missions for the government.He was well-known and trusted,and in the IN WAR TIMKS.261 operations of the government troops against the hostile chapter x. Indians,across the British Hne,under Sitting Bull and a notable career. others,it was his special work which brought about the surrender of a large body of those Indians,under Sitting Bull.For the part which he took in this he was highly buu."'^^^ '^°^ complimented in a special order by the department com- mander,in which he received the credit for formulating and carrying out the plan which had been crowned with such p"reat success.fe' By Act of Congress,a medal of honor was provided to be awarded officers and enlisted men "for particular deeds of most distinguished gallantry in action"in the Civil War.The men to whom this medal has been awarded are called the "Aledal of Honor Legion of the United States."*^edai of Honor '^Legion. The number of men to whom this medal has been voted by Congress amounts to about four hundred,and the only living soldier of Franklin county who enjoys the distinc- tion of wearing a medal of this kind is Lieutenant H.G. Bonebrake,the deputy postmaster of Waynesboro. On one of those last davs of the war,when General Phil How Lieut.Bone- brake won his H.Sheridan,with the Fifth Corps,and the First and Third '"''^^*- Divisions of the Cavalry Corps,surrounded and captured General Picketts'entire division at Five Forks,Virginia, ' an opportunity was offered to Lieutenant Bonebrake to perform the deed which won him the medal.While in ^^ ""^^^^^""^ this action,an assault was being made upon the enemy's breastworks,and lieutenant Bonebrake,in company with James Cummings,whose home was then in Greencastle but now in IlHnois,were the first to cross the breast- works at a certain point,and noticed,at a short distance, a piece of artillery and a battle flag left by the enemy. They made an effort to reach the llag,but just in advance of them a Union officer appeared on horseback and se- cured it. A little further from the works another color-bearer, with his flag,was seen.Quickly pursuing.Lieutenant 262 WAYNKSBORO. CHAPTER X. But secures another. Welcomed by Stanton. Awarded a Medal of Honor. Bonebrake overtook him and secured the flag",after a hand to hand scuffle and passage nt swords with the color- bearer.Meantime,the Union hne was well over the breastworks,and the enemy was surrounded and Lieu- tenant Bonelirake enabled to make his escape with his prize to a place of safety.Afterwards,with others,who had been fortunate enough to capture standards,he re- ceived a warm welcome at Washington from Secretary Stanton himself,and was awarded a leave of absence for thirty days.Subsequently he was awarded the medal of honor for his meritorious conduct.The possession of this medal is a worthy honor of which Lieutenant Bone- brake,and his children after him.may be proud. Medal of Honor. CHAPTER XL EARLY EDUCATION AND SCHOOLS. CHARACTER AND KXTKNT OF OPERATIONS.CONDITIONS PAST AND PRESENT. ARLY educational methods in Waynesboro were by chapter xi. no means original.It was comparatively a late day when regularly organized schools were held.The first schools,here as elsewhere in the early German settle- ments,in Pennsylvania particularly,were largely under the auspices of the churches.It has been said of the early settlers of the Cumberland Valley that "religion and her handmaiden,education,ever went hand in hand"in con-church schools. nection with their work.This is true,not only of the factor known as the Scotch-Irish,but of the German ele- ment as well.By the side of the church was usually built the schoolhouse,or,as was more frequently the case in the most primitive settlements,the church and the school structure were one and the same.The schoolmaster was, as it were,the lieutenant of the minister,and,not infre- quently,was his assistant in his ministerial work as well as the more secular work of school teaching. The Germans were no advocates of higher education, but it is a mistake on this account to think that the first German settlers were not educated people ;for there is authority for stating that the men,at least,were gen- erally well educated. The first schools of a permanent character were what were known as "neighborhood schools,"crude in their Neighborhood...,..,-.schools. organization,and with a very limited course oi instruc- tion.They were the outgrowth either of concerted ac- tion on the part of people in the neighborhood,who co- operated for the purpose of educating their children,or 264 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XI. Sept.12,1808. Note 62. Lack of data. The first school- house. Private schools. 1856. 1862. 1845 to 1868. had their inception in the energetic work of some pro- fessional schoohriaster,who,for the time being,at least, had selected the locality as the field for his labor. Among this class of schoolmasters who visited Waynesboro was one,Francis McKeon,who solicited and obtained quite a number of patrons,and opened a select school in the town.Among the things stipulated for in the agreement between Schoolmaster McKeon and the subscribers to the agreement was the undertaking on the part of McKeon that he should teach the children of the subscribers "spelling,reading,writing and common arithmetic"during the term of six months,and in con- sideration for his services he was to receive pay for each scholar per quarter the sum of tw^o dollars ;and the sub- scribers also agreed to keep the house wherein the school was held in good repair,and to furnish the school- master "with a sufficient quantity of good firewood,cut suitable to the stove,for the use of scholars in general." Mr.McKeon had upon his list seventeen patrons. There is very little information now obtainable for a complete history of the early educational efforts in Waynesboro.The best authorities locate the first school- house as the little log building,which is still standing, near the eastern toll-gate.Here,during the week,school was taught,and,for a long period of time,on Sunday,the old log schoolhouse was the place of worship for the Lu- theran,Reformed and Presbyterian congregations. It is tradition that General Bourns,when a boy,went to this school during the revolutionary war.It has been of late,and for many years,occupied as a private resi- dence.There is no information extant respecting those who taught first in this old building. Private schools were kept by different individuals from time to time.Mr.Nelson and Thompson McGowan were teachers at Mt.Airy(?)A little later,Corwin F.Wilson taught a select school at Grange Hall.For upwards of HISTORY OF WAYNESBORO. WAYNESBORO SCHOOL HOMES. ANCIENT AND MODERN. PUBLIC UBKARY. ASTOR,LENOX ANu TIUDEM FOUNDATIONS^ EARI^Y EDUCATION AND SCHOOLS.267 twenty years Joseph Stoner taught at the West End chapter xi. schoolhouse,located where Dr.Ripple's residence now stands.This building was one story and built of brick. The entrance was by high steps.It contained two rooms. Many stories are told of the peculiarities of Joseph Stoner, the teacher.'He is remembered as a stern disciplinarian, who used the rod freely.He was experienced and thor- ough in his work ;in fact,a leading local educator who stood high in the public estimation and was influential in shaping public opinion. Another school was the East End building.This was a ,,1 , •• ,,The East End one-story stone house,contammg two rooms,and was building. located on East North street,where Emanuel Cooper now lives.A.B.Stoler,Esq.,taught in this school build- ing for several years.Mr.Stoler is now living,and is a justice of the peace and surveyor.He was a leading teacher for many years. Among the miscellaneous schools may be included un-Miscellaneous '-'-^schools. dertakings now in existence :A kindergarten,under the charge of Miss Alice M.Claudy ;also a small,select school,taught by Miss May Bush. As Waynesboro assumed prominence as a growing Growth of schools. borough,the question of a systematic plan for education naturally became an important one.The borough was ^^.^^^^^^^ subject,as hereinbefore stated,to the general borough act,and incidentally became,under the provisions of that act,a separate and independent school district,subject to all the provisions of the general school law on and after the first day of March in the next year.There seemed, however,to be dissatisfaction with this arrangement,and the provision making W^aynesboro a separate school dis- trict,was repealed before it actually went into operation.^^^^^^^g 1853 But step by step matters took form,until Waynesboro, by proper legal authority,had her common school system working in good shape. The growing wants of the schools soon demanded in-Janded""*^'"^^ ^^' 268 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XI.creased facilities in the way of buildings,and,ever alive to proper business methods,the people of Waynesboro pre- sented their memorial to the Legislature of Pennsylvania, and requested legislation that would help them in this April 2,1869.(lircction.A law was enacted authorizing the school di- A school loan.rcctors of Wayiiesboro to borrow eight thousand dollars. The loan was to be secured at a rate of interest not ex- ceeding seven per cent.,and the fund was "to be ex- pended with other building funds of said borough in the erection of a suitable schoolhouse.'' April 16,1870.The followiiig year legislative authority was granted to the directors to issue seven per cent,bonds,free of taxation,and by still additional legislation the next year these bonds were authorized to l)e issued in denomina- tions,not less than fifty dollars each,payable within twenty years.The other funds in hand,derived from school taxes,amounted to about four thousand dollars, and with this general fund the erection of a new school building was undertaken.About two acres of land were purchased from Mrs.Helen Brotherton,and under direc- tion of the then existing board of directors a handsome school building was erected. No better description of this building exists than that Dr.J.p.Wicker-which was writtcu at the time of the completion of the sham,in Penna....,.,.-t-.i building by that great friend of education in Jrennsylva- nia.In speaking of the day upon which this new build- ing was dedicated,Dr.W'ickersham said : School Journal, Nov.,1872. Friday,Oct.4, 1872. "It will be a day long remembered at the little town of Waynesboro.On that day she dedicated her new school- to^M'cluie'i^riiis'J house —a house of which her people have great reason to ^°^y-^feel proud.AA^aynesboro is a pleasant town of about fif- teen hundred inhabitants,situated in the southern part of Franklin county.For many years the good people have been content to send their children,for five or six months of the year,to two schoolhouses,small,old ugly,ill- suited to the purpose,and even unhealthy.At last,the intelligent and public-spirited gentlemen,who now com- EARLY EDUCATION AND SCHOOLS.269 pose the board of directors,determined to build a new chapter xi. schoolhouse.They secured a very fine location and pur- ^^^^^.^^.^^^^^^^ chased nearly two acres of ground.Inquiring of the new building. State Superintendent where the best modern school buildinos of the kind suited to their town could be found, they were directed to several,and.among the rest,to that of Strasburg.Lancaster county.They visited this house, and were so well pleased with it that they took it for a model,and the house they have built is one of the best schoolhouses in the State of Pennsylvania.The whole cost a little over twenty thousand dollars.It has school rooms,recitation rooms,clothes rooms,play rooms in the basement,a principal's room,a director's room,etc.The house is substantially built -and well finished.The furni- ture is of modern pattern.A full supply of apparatus has been procured.The Innlding will be heated with steam. The grounds are being fenced and laid out in walks.A portion of them has been set apart for a teacher's house ; and,next spring,shade trees,shrubbery and flowers are to be planted.The new faculty consists of a principal, salary one thousand dollars a year,and four assistants. The school department is to be organized,and a consider- able number of youths from outside of the district have already applied for admission as students.The dedica- tory services commenced at two o'clock p.m.A proces- sion,consisting of scholars,clergymen,speakers,board of directors,and citizens,was formed at the tow^nhall under the direction of Marshals Amberson,Strickler and Bickle.and,headed by a brass band,marched through several streets to the schoolhouse.The stores and other public places were all closed,and the people made the oc- casion a holiday.Arrived at the schoolhouse,the whole of the second story of which,the two rooms being thrown together,was completely filled,W.S.Amberson,Esq., called the meeting to order,and prayer was offered by the Rev.W.H.H.Hibshman.Addresses were then made by Dr.Hering,president of the school board ;Dr.J.H. Shumaker,principal of the Chambersburg xA^cadeniy,and State Superintendent Wickersham.The audience seemed deeplv interested in the exercises,and the chil- dren looked perfectly happy." 270 WAYNESBORO. October 7,1872. Additional build ings in view. CHAPTER SI.The building is sixty feet wide and seventy-two feet deep,two stories high,and has a basement or recreation rooms.There are four schoolrooms,each about twenty- seven feet wide and forty-seven feet deep;also four re- citation rooms,about ten feet wide and tv/enty-seven feet deep.The dedication took place about one month after its completion,and the schools were opened a few days later. The schools of the borough at present occup}^the handsome building above referred to,and certain other large buildings on East Second street,beside a rented room in Yost's hall.There is still an increasing demand for more room,and the school board has purchased another lot,in dimensions two hundred front,extending from Snyder avenue to Third street,and have in contem- plation the building thereon of another schoolhouse in the near future. As the schools are now constituted they occupy twenty- one schoolrooms under the supervision of twenty-five teachers,including the high school principal.The total number of teachers and scholars enrolled is,in round numbers,eleven hundred. Borough principals.The followiug is a Hst of the borough principals of schools from the beginning to the present time :Philip H.Bentz,A.B.Stoler,George T.Shower,A.B.Stoler, Charles A.Little,C.H.Albert,Harry A.Disert,J.L. McCaskey,A.J.Harbaugh,R.T.Adams,J.H.Reber. The following are the members of the Waynesboro board of education for the year ending June,nineteen hundred:D.B.Martin,president;J.B.Long;G.W. Smith,treasurer ;S.M.Stoler,secretary ;J.R.Ruth- rauff;A.H.Deardorff;J.H.Reber,supervising prin- cipal. The following is the corps of teachers for the Waynes- boro schools as at present constituted,with a list of the schools in their charge:High school,J.H.Reber,prin- Present school statistics. Note 63. Board of educa tion. Teachers and schools. KARLY EDUCATION AND SCHOOLS.271 cipal ;C.E.Fleck,first assistant ;L.F.Benchoff,second chapter xi. assistant ;Ida M.Neagley,third assistant.A Grammar, East,B.C.Kadle.B Grammar,East,A.S.Fitz. A Intermediate,East,Blanche Campbell.B Intermedi- ate,East,Adelia Russell.A Secondary,East,Rose E. Rhone.B Secondary,East,Anna Harbaugh.A Pri- mary,East,Airs.H.A.Disert.A and B Primary,East, Matilda Detrich.B Primary,East,Sallie Fisher.C Pri- mary,East,Ruth Adams.C Primary.East,Sudie Ment- zer.B Grammar,West,H.S.Kuhn.A Intermediate, West,Ella Grove.A Secondary,West,Edith Cole.B Secondary,West,Alary H.Stover.B Secondary,West, Sue Sanders.A Primary,West,Anna Wallace.A and B Primary,West,Flo M.Richardson.B Primary,West, Maude Hewitt.C Primary,West,Anna Gordon.C Primary,West,Ada Hewitt.B Primary,Center,Carrie ^^d^eeler.A Secondarv.West,Elva Shockev. Fostering thk Young. (17) CHAPTER XIL RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. CHAPTER XII. The relig-ious spirit. The founding of churches. GERMAN BAP- TISTS or DUNK- ARDS. Narrative of Rev. H.M.Stover. 1750. f^.: HISTORY OF CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS. ;E cliief concei'ii of the early settlers throughout the region of the Cumberland Valley,no matter what their religious creed,included,with the purpose of securing a home,also the determination to found a place for worshiping"God.with its accompanying God's acre for a last resting-place. As the settlers sought resting-places at the eligible points along the valley,their churches sprang up and took name from the locality;and so there are the religious settlements of Silver's Spring,Big Spring,Middle Spring, Rock Spring,Sulphur Spring,Falling Spring,and Moss Spring. The churches of the valley grew one after another, each becoming like a sweet oasis for the refreshment of soul,body and mind in the desert,where only as yet the early morning rays of the sunlight of Christianity had penetrated for the enlightenment of the native people. The Waynesboro locality did not differ from any other in this respect,so that religious growth kept pace witli the growth of the settlement along other lines. A congregation,known as the Conococheague Church, afterward changed to Antietam,was organized.In that year some families emigrated from Switzerland and lo- cated in Quincy and Washington townships,Franklin county.The Kneppers emigrated from Germany.These families organized the congregation.Later,John Price, known as Preis,after the German,emigrated from Mont- gomery county,Pennsylvania.He purchased a large tract of land about one and one-half miles north of RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.273 Waynesboro.A part of this land is now owned by Henry chapter xii. and Alfred Price,great-grandsons of said Price.Other 1754. famihes moved to the vicinity of Waynesboro,so that in course of time a great many members were enrolled on the church book.In that year,William Stover,father of all the Stovers in Franklin county,emigrated from Switzerland.He was aged twenty-nine years,and had a wife and three children.Abraham Stauffer,the first minister of the church,moved here from eastern Penn- sylvania.The exact time of his coming is not known,but he returned to eastern Pennsvlvania some vears after. William Stover,above referred to,was then elected to the ministry,to fill the vacancy.Very little of the workings of the church is known till about the close of the eigh- teenth century.Probably the church was on a stand- still till then,on account of the two wars;the French and Indian war and the war of the Revolution,twenty years 1755-1775. later,causing great depression in ail kinds of enterprises, religious and secular.Until a later period,the Brethren, or Dunkards,had no houses built.They worshiped in 1795. their homes,and,probably,in schoolhouses,where such places were convenient.The latter were far apart and \ery small.Their communion meetings were held in their barns in spring and fall. The Price,or Antietam,meeting house or church was T^e erst church^building. built about this time.The territorv of the congregation was large and embraced the greater parts of Franklin county,Pennsylvania,and W^ashington county,Maryland. The next church was built about thirty-five years later, jgg,, The church in Waynesboro,built by the Presbyterians and Lutherans,was sold to the Dunkard Brethren.The i87i. next church was built on the farm of John Weltv,in W^ash-„-'-^'1856. ington county,^Maryland.Three church houses were Ijuilt subsequently,Antrim,near Kauffman's,on the buSs"'""'"''^ Cumberland \'alley railroad;Snowberger's near Hope- 274 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XII. 1892. Conferences. 1810. Names of clergy- men. well,three miles east of town ;and Falling Spring,in Guilford township.The old Price,or Antietam,meet- ing house was,at a much later period,removed,and a large brick structure built on the old site.The Welty church was removed during the summer of this year,and a larger brick church built. The territory of x\ntietam congregation is quite small at present,but the membership is large,in the neighbor- hood of five hundred communicants,one-half of whom re- side in Waynesboro. Four annual conferences have been held in Antietam congregation during the present century,the first at the xA.ntietam church;the second on the farm of George Royer,now Samuel Shark's near Five Forks,this county; the third near Shady Grove,Pennsylvania,on the farm now owned by David Deardorff;the fourth at the An- tietam church and on the farm of Dr.A.S.Bonebreak, near town. The names of the ministers of the church since its or- ganization are the following:Abraham Stauffer,Wil- liam Stover,Daniel Stover,John Royer,Jacob Hol- singer,Henry Koontz,Jacob Fahrney,Israel Senger. Daniel Keefer,William Boyer,W^illiam Etter.David Fogelsonger,Jacob Price,David Bock,Isaac Renner, Abraham Stamy,Joseph F.Rohrer,Joseph Garber, Daniel Holsinger,Jacob F.Oiler,Daniel F.Good,Abra- ham Golley,Jacob Snider,Daniel M.Baker,John D. Benedict,Benjamin E.Price,Tobias F.Imler,John Ruthrauff,C.R.Oellig,H.M.Stover. There were many Presbyterians among the early settlers in this region.The Wallaces,after whom the town was Narrative of Rev. Thomas c.McCar-f^j-g^named,were Presbyterians.Presbyterian services were held very early in the history of the settlement. There was no formal organization,however,until some years later.Before that time the Presbyterians of this PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. roll. 1767. 1818. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.275 locality were members of the East Conococheague,now chapter xii. Greencastle,church.After the organization,the church here continued to form a part of the Greencastle charge, until about thirty years ago,since which time it has been isro. a separate and self-supporting charge. The first building in which the Presbyterians worshiped°-^^The first church was the old log schoolhouse,which is still standing,at the buildings, east end of town,near the toll-gate.Very early in the century,the German Reformed Lutherans and Presby- terians began the erection of a "Union Meetinsf House"—**=1807 or 1808. but were not able to finish it.After the walls were up and the roof on,the building stood unfinished for ten years.It was completed,however,later.18I8. This building was afterwards torn down,and the "Meet-„,„ ing House"now owned by the German Baptists was erected in its place by the Lutherans and Presbyterians. At a much later period,the church buildins^now owned^='1867. and occupied by the congregation was dedicated,and it has since been enlarged and improved.1893. Since its organization the following ministers have served the congregation :Rev.Tames Buchanan ;Rev.n^'"^^°*«^'"^y00J>men. Charles P.Cummins ;Rev.David Clark,D.D.;Rev.Ed- ward Emerson ;Rev.\A'm.T.Beatty,D.D.;Rev.J.\\'.Note 64. Wightman,D.D.;Rev.William N.Geddes ;Rev.Robert F.McLean ;Rev.Samuel McLanahan ;Rev.Thomas C. McCarrell;Rev.W.C.Hogg. When \\"aynesboro was laid out by John Wallace no Lutheran •^-^•'CHURCH. organized church existed therein.At that time the nearest Lutheran churches were,Friedmen's,now Jacobs Narrative of Rev. church,four miles southwest,Beard's church,six miles south,Greencastle church,nine miles west,and Grind- stone Hill,ten miles north. Rev.John F.Ruthraufif,then in his thirty-first year, located at Greencastle.Jacobs Lutheran church became a i'95- part of his widely-extended field,and there,doubtless,the •^^^°'''^^'""*- 276 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XII. 179S to 1800. 1807 or 1808. 1817 1818. Communicants. Oct.31,1818. The first pastor. first Lutheran residents of Waynesboro worshiped.When Rev.Ruthraiiff began preaching in Waynesboro,and when he organized the cliurch there,are facts not known. That he did preach there from time to time,is certain. The place of worship was the log schoolhouse,still stand- ing at the east end of town,near the toll gate,which was used in common by the Lutherans,Reformed and Pres- byterians.At one time the members of these three churches undertook the erection of a union church on what is now Church street on a plot of ground donated by the founder,John Wallace,for that purpose.The walls of this church were of frame,encased with brick and roughcast,but after it was under roof,for some un- explained reason,it was allowed to stand in an unfinished condition,without doors,windows,seats or floor,for nine or ten years.Later,a movement was made to complete the church.A committee of six persons,two Lutherans, two Reformed and two Presbyterians,was appointed, which canvassed so successfully that the money was se- cured to finish the church in a workmanlike manner.It was completed and dedicated. The first record of communicants in the old church book,made by the pastor.Rev.Ruthraufif,gives the date of that service.The names of sixty-six persons are re- corded as having partaken of the Holy Communion. Records of infant baptism of about the same date are also found. The fact that the records begin at this time,at the com- pletion of the first church erected in Waynesboro,would seem to indicate that about this time the church was or- ganized with Rev.Ruthrauff as first pastor.He was a typical pioneer pastor,tall and muscular,capable of great endurance,a fluent,animated and instructive preacher,a man who labored earnestly for the conversion of souls, and had many seals to his ministry.His parish extended RELIGIOUS DKNOMINATIONS.277 from mountain to mountain,across the valley,and even chapter xii. beyond. The Reformed congregation withdrew from the union Reformed chuixh withdraws. church,and erected a church building of their own else-isse. where. The Waynesboro Lutheran church was separated from i828. the Greencastle charge,and a new charge was formed, consisting of Smithsburg,Beard's,Leitersburg and Waynesboro churches.The pastor,Rev.Samuel K. Hoshour,resided at Smithsburg,Maryland,and then,Jnsfon?" doubtless,began that connection of the church of Waynesboro with the Maryland Synod,which has con- tinued ever since.Rev.Hoshour was an able preacher and theologian.He introduced the English language into the services of the church,the German having hither- to been used exclusively.The German continued to be used,however,with less and less frequency,until of late years,when it was totally discontinued. During the ministry of Rev.Hoshour,the walls of the ^^^°- first union church,having been built of an inferior quality of brick,were found to be unsafe.It was accord- ingly taken down,and another,but smaller building erected on the same site,and of similar materials,by the Lutheran and Presbyterian congregations.This building is still standing in substantial condition,and is now owned and occupied by the Dunkards.In this building the Lu- theran and Presbyterian congregations held services on alternate Sundays. Rev.Hoshour served the charge acceptably until he resigned and removed to the W^est.The same year he ^^^^• was succeeded by the Rev.John Reck,whose ministry continued about three years,and whose records are meagre.He was succeeded by Rev.John P.Kline,the fg'J^^f''^"" "^""" last of our ministers to reside in Smithsburg.During TOOA his ministry,the Zion (union)Sunday-school was organ- ized in the Union church.This Sunday-school was very 1841. 1844. 278 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER \][.successful and flourishing,and continued uninterruptedly until merged into the Lutheran and Presbyterian Sunday- schools later.Rev.Kline continued as pastor for six years. ^^*^-A new era now dawned upon the Lutheran Church of A new era.A\'aynesboro.The \\'aynesboro church was detached from the Smithsburg charge ;Jacobs Lutheran churcli was detached from the Greencastle charge,and a new charge formed,known as the Waynesboro charge,con- sisting of the Waynesboro,Jacobs and Ouincy,and for a short time Funkstown churches. Rev.Frederick W.Conrad,subsequently for many years editor of the "Lutheran Observer,"became he pastor of the new charge.He was the first pastor of the church to reside in \\'aynesboro.Rev.Conrad brought his young wife here as a bride.It was his first regular charge in the ministry.He entered upon the work with immense zeal and enthusiasm.His ministry in Waynes- boro charge was characterized by extensive revivals of religion in all the churches,and very decided growth in numbers and in spiritual life and activity.Rev.Conrad resigned to accept a call to Hagerstown. The following year Rev.John Heck became pastor, 1845 to 1856.and served the charge for eleven years.Under his ef^- cient labors the prosperity of the church continued.He has left complete and beautiful records of his ministerial acts.During his pastorate the present commodious and 1852.valuable parsonage property on \\'est Main street was purchased.Having been enlarged and remodeled at various times it has continued to be the residence of the pastors of the church ever since. 1857 to 1862.Rev.J.F.Campbell was the next pastor of the church. He was an able and earnest preacher.His ministry was very successful and closed during the exciting times of the war. He was succeeded bv Rev.Edwin Dorsev,D.D..who1S63. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.279 was quite advanced in years.He died after only a few chapter xii. months'incumbency. Rev.Alfred Buhrman became pastor the following i864. spring,and continued to serve the charge acceptably and with success for seven years.During his min- istry the Presbyterians withdrew from the Union church to occupy the new church they had erected on East Main street.The same year the Lutheran congregation bought of Jacob Adams the double lot on the southeast corner of Second and South Church streets,where the church now stands.Here a substantial brick church,ca- pable of seating nearly five hundred persons,was erected, and,after completion,was dedicated.The old Union iseg. church was sold to the Antietam congregation of Ger- man Baptists,or Dunkards,who still occupy the building. Rev.C.L.Keedy,M.D.,next became pastor and i87i. served the church in that capacity for four years.He labored with success,but,unfortunately,his record of ministerial acts is very incomplete.He resigned to take charge of a young ladies'seminary at Hagerstown,Mary- land,now known as Kee-Mar College,with which he has been identified ever since. Rev.Peter Bergstresser,D.D.,was pastor of the ^g^g ^^^gg^ church nearly eleven years.During his ministry the town made great strides in population,and,consequently,large accessions were made to the church.He was an able theologian and controversialist,and conducted a success-^theological dis- ful discussion with Elder S.H.Bashore,of the Dunkard Church,on baptism,the Lord's Supper and feet washing. The debate was held in the Lutheran church,and the at-^^^^21-27,isrg. tendance taxed the capacity of the church to the utmost. The addresses were afterwards published.Some years later the church was remodeled and extensively repaired, and Rev.F.\\\Conrad,D.D.,preached the re-dedica- tion sermon. 1885. Rev.Herman S.Cook became the twelfth pastor of the Note 65. 280 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XII.church,continuing as such to the present time.During ^ggg his pastorate large additions have been made to the mem- bership,a large indebtedness has been liquidated,and the church has been more thoroughly organized.The pres- ent membership of the church is five hundred and ten, and the Sunday-school enrollment four hundred and fifty. REFORMED ^liis is the parent congregation of the Reformed CHURCH.Church in Waynesboro.It is designated in the earliest Franklin F.Bahner.rccords as the "Evaiigelical Reformed Church of Irish- saieni the mother tov^^u,Washingfton township,Franklin countv,Pennsvl- cnurcn.'o i ,. 1773.vania."It was the only congregation of the Reformed denomination then existing within the territory embraced by that township.Afterwards it was known as Zion's, and later as Boshaar's Reformed Church.Its present name is Salem. Origin of irishtown.Irislitowii secms to have been the name given in co- lonial times to the general region of country lymg im- mediately around the present village of Shady Grove,pre- sumably from the fact that many of its earliest settlers were Scotch-Irish people. Origin of certain The oldcst Salem records retain the name of Boshaar names. in its purely German form.As written its orthography Nand pronunciation are strictly high German.Later it as- sumed the Pennsylvania German form of Beshor,and finally was changed into the present anglicised Besore. If it ever was a French Huguenot name,as there is reason to believe it was,all trace of its identity was lost before it reached the Salem Church records,more than a hun- dred years ago.During the residence in Germany of the religious refugees from France,their names frequently were naturally subjected to a process of Germanization, so that almost all trace of their French origin had dis- appeared when afterwards those who bore them emi- grated to this country,and became identified with the German Reformed churches here.Similar metamor- phosis is met with in the case of what seems to be,at HISTORY OF WAYNESBORO. WAYNESBORO CHURCHES. St.Paul's Reformed. Trinity Reformed. Presbyterian. Lutheran. THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBKARY. ASTOR,LENOX AN'D TILDEN FOU .DATIONS. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.283 first sight,the German name of Lechrone,on the Salem chapter xii. records,but which was evidently originally in its French form,LaCron.As another interesting specimen of the workings of this law of change,the fact is mentioned here that the present English name of Potter is borne by those whose ancestors of a century ago were known as HefTners on the Salem Church register. Among the papers which the present pastor at Salem,^^^records. in his fondness for historical research,has brought to light are :a call in German to the Rev.Cyriacus Spangenberg, von Reidemeister,of an early date :a written devotional J"iy 9,i786. manual prepared by him for the use of the Salem people ; baptismal,confirmation and communion records,made in his own hand-writing ;a copy of a confirmation hymn writ- ten bv him for his catechumens,and vouchers given bv ' April 17,1(90. him for salary received ; an account of a movement set on foot to hold a lottery towards paying for the church build- ing,whose erection was begun three years earlier ;and numerous data concerning ministers coming and going and services held from time to time.A communion cup, whose inner golden lining,after being used for over a cen- tury,is almost intact,?nd bearing on its base an inscrip-"May i4th,1794." tion,is a most sacred and precious Salem historical rehc. It may not be known to the younger members of the ^,S"el.*^^ ^"* congregation that the church building erected in the early i787. history of the church was constructed of pine logs,cut and hauled by the members from Lesher's hill,northeast of Waynesboro.Before that time the congregation held its services in a log schoolhouse,located near the site of the present building.About fiftv-five vears later the ,„,„ stone edifice still occupied was erected,and it was en- larged and otherwise greatly improved just one hundred years after the first church had been built.The congre-1887-1888. gation received the name of Salem at the dedication of ^^^^^^^^ the stone church. 1R49 The deed conveying an acre of land from Henry Miller 284 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTKR XII 1792. The conveyance of the lot. 1781. 1788 The interior of the first church build- ing. to Daniel Leedy and David Boshaar.in trust for the con- gregation,was executed and recorded.The price paid for the ground was iive shillings.That tract of land had been taken up by Mr.Miller by warrant of survey,but the proper papers were not made out to him l)y the Com- monwealth of Pennsylvania until seven years later.The deed is in possession of the ot^cers of the congregation, and is in a good state of preservation.It is a document of historical interest,as well as of legal value.It was evidently drawn up by some one not familiar with the ecclesiastical nomenclature in vogue among the German Reformed people,for in it the congregation is called the "German Presbyterian church of Irishtown." The interior of the first church Iniilt of logs was con- structed after the style of church architecture common in those days.The chief characteristics of it were a very high pulpit against the wall at one end of the church,in shape very much like a wine-glass,with a sounding board above it.It was reached by a winding flight of stairs leading to it from the chancel,with a door at each end of it,and afforded standing or sitting room for only a single officiating minister at a time. Four pastors served this historic congregation from its origin,about the time of the American revolution until the Waynesboro church was organized,since which time the same ministers have served Salem,the mother church, and the daughter congregation in Waynesboro.Their history,for the past eighty years,has,therefore,been Names of clergy-closclv iiiterwoven and practicallv the same.The names men.'"^' of the ministers are the following:Rev.Jacob Weymer, Rev.Cyriacus Spangenberg,von Reidemeister,Rev. Jonathan Rahauser,Rev.Frederick A.Scholl. 1818, Note 66. German period, 1818-1831. The first house of worship erected in what was then known as Waynesburg was constructed of a very poor quality of brick by the Reformed,Lutheran and Presby- RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.285 terian people living in and around this place.It was chapter xii. located where the present German Baptist church stands,T,jg ^^^^^^^^^^j on Church street,on one of two lots of ground donated to the representatives of the three above named denomi- nations by Mr.John Wallace,Jr.,who formally laid out ^-g- the village and gave it the name of Waynesburg.John Wallace,Sr.,the father of John Wallace,Jr.,had taken 1750. up the land on which the town now stands about the mid- dle of the eighteenth century,and the settlement which afterwards gradually sprang up here was named after him, Wallacetown,a designation which it bore until near the ^^^^ close of the century,when it was superseded by that of Waynesburg. The predicament in which the people here found them-isos. selves was that they had begun to build a house of wor- ship,but were not able to complete it,for it remained in uncompleted work, an unfinished condition during the following ten years. It had in it neither floor,seats,nor pulpit.Previous to isis. the year of its completion it was but once attempted to hold services in it,on which occasion the bare ground, after having been cleanly swept,served as the floor,and rough boards laid on logs answered the purpose of seats. The reason for the long delay in finishing that meeting jfeasons for the de- house must,however,not be attril)uted altogether to the numerical weakness and financial inability of the people who originally undertook the erection of it,but to the fact that no very urgent need for it at once presented it- self to them.The Reformed people here held their mem- bership in what was then called the Evangelical Reformed church at Irishtown,four miles southwest of town,the present Salem church,whilst the Lutherans belonged to Jacobs church,four miles south of town,and the Presby- terians to the congregation at East Conocoheague,now Greencastle. After an interval of ten years from the time of the lay-isis. ing of the corner stone the Waynesburg union meeting 286 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XII. Completion of uniiin meeting- house. 1818. Temporary services The old school - house. house was completed.In a record made at the time by the the Rev.F.A.Scholl,the Reformed pastor,it was called Christ church.That name had,doubtless,been given to it at its consecration,which marks the formal organiza- tion of the Reformed,Lutheran and Presbyterian con- gregations in Waynesboro. It is known,however,that long before that time,Rev. Jonathan Rahauser,pastor at Salem,who resided at Elizabethtown (Hagerstown),as well as the Presbyterian and Lutheran pastors,both of whom lived at East Cono- cocheague (Greencastle),occasionally held services for the accommodation of their members livinof at Wavnes- The first pastor. 1826. burg in the first schoolhouse ever erected.It was built An independent building erected. of logs and still stands at the east end of town on the north side of the turnpike,near the tollgate.The first religious services ever held in Wallacetown wxre conduct- ed in this log schoolhouse. The Reformed congregation of Waynesburg,as or- ganized in Christ L'nion church,had for its first regular pastor Rev.Frederick A.Scholl,of Greencastle.Each of the three congregations that had united in the erection of the church building occupied it for holding services every three weeks.It was understood that each had a third equal and undisputed right in the entire grounds and building. The walls of Christ Union church,at length,began to give way,and it was no longer deemed altogether safe to worship in it.Because of some misunderstanding, particularly between the Reformed and Lutheran congre- gations,as to the time to wdiich each was entitled for hold- ing services in that church,and with a view of avoiding all strife and unpleasantness in the future,the Reformed people did not consider it best to unite with the Presby- terians and Lutherans in building ;i new church on that site.Accordingly,they withdrew,and erected for them- selves a little log church where Trinitv edifice now stands. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATION'S.287 on ground donated to the congregation by Conrad Det-chapter xii. terow,one of its members. Although the above was their first reason,it was not their onl}^or chief reason,for leaving the union church. The Presbyterian services had,of course,always been f^Tunfon'^chuTch.''^ conducted exclusively in the English language ;the Lutheran pastor,also,at every alternate service,preach- ed in English.Pastor Scholl,and many of his people, wished to keep the Reformed congregation altogether German,and thought that could best be done in a build- ing entirely their own,and in which no English preach- ing would ever be heard.A third reason which may have operated in leading them to take this step was the fact that they had become the strougest congregation of the three that worshiped in Christ Union church,and they may have felt able to build and own a church of their own. At any rate,a log church was erected by them,on the northern side of the village,which was duly consecrated as the "Salem's German Evangelical Reformed church in Waynesburg."The constitution then adopted for the jj^^ication of the government of the congregation provided that only the "*"''ciurci. German language should be used in its services,and that the Rev.Mr.Scholl should continue to be its pastor as long as he would be able to serve it. Christ Union church was then torn dowai because it was isso. no longer considered safe to hold services in it,and a new,but smaller,house of worship was built on the same ground by the Lutheran and Presbyterian congregations, which has ever since been known as the union church.Demolition of Christ church. The Presbyterians remained in it until they took possses-1868. 1869. sion of their present church building on East Main street, whilst the Lutherans occupied it a year longer,when they also erected for themselves a new house of worship farther down on the same side of Church street. Rev.F.A.Scholl held his last communion service in April 3,i83i. the little log building,which,four years earlier,had been 288 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XII. Close of the Ger- man poriod. 1818 to 1831. Gernican-English period. 1831-1836. 1832. // 1833. June 21,1834. 1839. dedicated as Salem's German Evangelical Reformed church in Waynesburg,at which time the exclusively German period in the history of the Reformed congrega- tion of Waynesboro came to a close. With the expiration of the German period of the Re- formed church history,the exclusively German character of the Reformed congregation at Waynesboro terminat- ed.Rev.Scholl's immediate successor was Rev.George W.Glessner,who now^assumed charge,and at once be- gan holding services in the log church in the English as well as German language.The need of a new Intilding soon made itself felt,and a larger brick edifice was erect- ed,the cornerstone of which was laid the following spring,and the consecration of which,under the name of the German Reformed church of Waynesburg,took place about a vear after the laving of the cornerstone.An ad- dition of eighteen feet was Imilt to the rear of it about five years later.With the close of Rev.Glessner's pastor- ate,the second,or German-English,period in the con- gregation's history was brought to an end. English period. 1840 to 1845. 1847. The present exclusively English period in the historv of the Reformed church dates from the year when Rev. J.H.A.Bomberger became the pastor,whose ministry continued for five years.He was followed immediately by Rev.Theodore Appel,who served this congregation until it was severed from its former relation to the Cove- town charge,and became the center of,and gave the name to.the Waynesboro charge,consisting,besides it. of the Salem and Ouincv congregations.During;Rev. Harbaugh's congre-Appcl's ministry the Harbaugh's congregation,at the foot of the South Mountain,near Pen Mar,Avas called into existence,about thirty-five members of the AWaynesboro ^'°*''^^'church entering into its organization from the start. Rev.Appel.having become pastor of the new^Covetown April 1847 charge,the people recalled their former pastor.Rev. RELIGIOUS DEXOMIXATIOXS.289 George W.Glessner,and finally withdrew from the chapter xii. charge.In the autumn of that year an election was held,^^•'^• which resulted in the choice of Rev.J.S.Ermentrout. A call was formally extended to him.which,however,he did not see his wav clear to accept.A second election ?,''*°^"',o-^^^' *° i jlarcn,loo-t. took place,when Rev.H.\V.Super was chosen to the pastorate.He served the congregation for more than two years,when he resigned on account of failing health. Rev.Charles F.McCauley was at once elected pastor,but declined the call.At the expiration of a year,during which the congregation was occasionally supplied with services by a committee of Mercersburg Classis,Rev.Air. Super was re-elected and at once resumed his labors, which continued for seven years.Rev.Walter E.Krebs ^^^*°^*^^- was the next pastor.He was succeeded by Rev.H.H. W.Hibshman,during whose pastorate the present house of worship was erected,^and dedicated as Trinity Reform-ig;i ed church of \\'aynesboro.The immediate successor in Trinity church of Rev.'Sir.Hibshman was Rev.F.F. Bahner,the present incumbent,whose ministry has al- ready continued for a period of more than twenty-one years. The following is a list of the clergymen of the Re-^ist of clergymen, formed Church who served as pastors of Salem and Note m. Trinity churches and Salem congregation in Washington township :Rev.Cyriacus Spangenberg,Rev.Jacob \\'ey- mer.Rev.George Adam Cueting,Rev.William Otter- bein.Rev.Schneider,Rev.Anthony Hautz,Rev.Jona- than Rahauser,Rev.F.A.Scholl.Rev.George W.Gless- ner.Rev.J.H.A.Bomberger,Rev.Theodore Appel, Rev.George W.Glessner,Rev.Henry W.Super,Rev. W.E.Krebs,Rev.H.H.A\'.Hibshman,Rev.FrankUn F. Bahner.The ministers from Rev.Jonathan Rahauser down served both congregations,those prior to him served Salem alone. St.Paul's Reformed church was organized,out of a part st.paul-s '='^REFORMED of the former membership of Trinity congregation,with church. (18) 290 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XII.an enrollment of fifty-nine members.1 he first officers Edv4^rd'a1veer''^vcrc :Elders:Samuel Haeflich.William F.Cxrave.D.B. Aug.9,1873.Russell.Deacons:John R.Haeflich,T.C.Resser, George F.Lidy,D.J.Rhea.For a time the ser\'ices were 1S76.held in the townhall.Later,a suitable lot on West Main street was purchased,and the erection of a church build- ing begun.The next year this building was consecrated February 4,1877.to the worship of the Triuiic God.The original building has since been enlarged and improved to meet the needs List of clergymen,of tlic growiiig cougregation.The roll of pastors is as Note 69.follows:Rcv.William C.Schaefler,Rev.Isaac M.Hot- ter,Rev.S.E.Stofflett,Rev.A.S.Dechant,Rev.Edward O.Keen. METHODIST EPis-111 the carlv davs,North American Methodism was COPAL CHURCH.. ''' . under the direct superintendence of the Rev.John W^es- ch7itev.°Hart'Jen.l^y.iu England.The Methodist Episcopal church was December,1784.Organized in the city of Baltimore,Maryland.Waynes- boro,being but seventy miles north of Baltimore,was early visited by the Methodist itinerant.The small be- ginnings of many great movements are meagerly chronic- led.Makers of history are too busy to write it ;hence, data of the very beginning of Methodism in Waynesboro are deficient. We know that at an early day the Rev.Charles Bur- 1794. ,... goon's circuit stretched from Frederick,Maryland,to Chambersburg,Pennsylvania,and it must have included the localitv of Waynesboro.In the birth vear of the 1797. "' town,Rev.John Rowen was the circuit preacher. The multiplication of preaching places and the general growth of Methodist societies required frequent re- AdjustmcTit of cir-adjustmeiits of the circuits.Accordino"lv,Waynesboro is c-uits.'^.J found successively on the Carlisle circuit,which reached from the Susquehanna to the Potomac ;on the Cham- bersburg circuit,which included about a score of preach- ing places;on the Hagerstown circuit,which embraced HISTORY OF WAYNESBORO. WAYNESBORO CHURCHES. United Brethren. Reformed Mennonite. St.Andrews (CatholjcK Methodist Episcopal. German Baptist. rUbLlU Lll ASTOR,LENOX aiNu j TILOEN FOUNDATIONS J I REI.IGIOUS UKNOMINATIONS.293 many "appointments;"and on the Greencastle circuit,chapter xii. which was also made up of many outlying points.For a few years it was the head of a small circuit.Later,it be-i856. came a station,with the Rev.J.H.C.Dosh as pastor, and it has continued a station to this day. During the first twenty-five years of its history, Waynesboro Methodism had no church building.The ^iTidfil^* ''''"'^'''' society met in private houses and other places.The last place of worship used before the first church was built was a carpenter shop,since improved and now occupied by "The Village Record"as office and editorial room. At a certain period a camp-meeting held,resulted in such 1823. large increase in membership that a church became a necessity,and forthwith it w^as undertaken and speedily pushed to completion.For thirty years this modest brick building served the purpose,then the cornerstone of the September,1857. present two story Ijrick structure was laid,and early the next year the church was dedicated.From tinie to time in the past forty years it has been remodeled and im- proved.Plans are now under way for replacing this building with one more commodious and better appointed to meet the present needs of a growing church. The present membership of the church is three hun-present member- dred and fifty,with a Sunday-school of over three hun-^'^'" dred.Rev.Charles V.Hartzell is at present pastor.March,1897. Wajnesboro was first connected with the Mont Alto ren^in chrtst' circuit of the church of the United Brethren in Christ,Narrative of Rev. ,,.J.R.Hutchinson. Init tlie church was not organized until later,when Rev.^1882. J.H.Young was sent as pastor,Waynesboro then being, in connection with Quincy.Blue Rock and Pleasant Hill, made a mission.Rev.Young at once proceeded to or- ganize with about fortv members,and during that vear l)uilt a small brick church,forty by fifty feet. The following pastors have served the charge :Rev.List of pastors. J.H.Young,Rev.A.H.Shank,Rev.D.R.Burkholder, 294 CHAPTER XII. 1899. Church building. A mission station. WAYNESBORO. Rev.J.O.Clipping-er,Rev.J.B.Weidler,Rev.H.J.Kitz- miller,and the present pastor,Rev.J.R.Hntchinson. The church building has been lately remodeled and enlarged,and extensive repairs have been made,until now the church will seat about four hundred and seventy- five persons.It has been enlarged by the addition of sixteen by forty feet on the north side,and a recess of six by twenty feet on the south side.A tower has also been built,and the church is now one of the most modern in the town.There is a membership of one hundred and sixty,with a large Sunday-school.The church is in a flourishing condition,congregations are large,often fill- ing all the room in the new^and enlarged building. \A^aynesboro was at the late session of the Pennsylvania Conference constituted a mission station,and is,there- fore,separated from the other appointments with which it was formerly connected,and now'has preaching twice each Sabbath.It is on the Chambersburg District, Pennsylvania Conference. A few families of Reformed Mennonites came from Narrative of H.B.Laucastcr couiitv,Pennsylvania,and settled in the vicinitv Strickler.. ' of \\'aynesboro.Among these was Christian Frantz,a minister,who located on a farm near the town and lived there until the close of his life.From this time the doc- trine was advocated at different places and a house for public worship was erected,near Ringgold,Maryland. just at the State line,between Pennsylvania and ]Mary- land.As the congregation increased in numbers the house was enlarged and services are still held at this place. They gradually extended to other sections of the county and into ]\Iaryland.Wherever they located services were held,but the Waynesboro congregation has continued to be the largest in the Cumberland Valley.A church was erected on Third street in Waynesboro.Here the con- gregation has worshiped until the present time.One of the industries of the town has acquired this property and REFORMED MEN- NONITE. 1825. 1862. Church erected in Maryland. 1827. Waynesljoro congre- gation. 1876. 1900. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.295 a new church has been built on Philadelphia avenue be-chapter xii. tween Third and Fourth streets.Method of calling Ministers are called by the voice of the church from its """'^t"^- members.After serving for a time on probation,if found acceptable,are ordained to the ministry and labor in that calling without compensation.They are not stationed to fill particular charges,but serve in the locality where they reside,filling such appointments as may be within their reach. The first minister called by the church at Waynesboro l^^^^'^'' ^"^«'^''^^• was Samuel Steiner.Soon after his ordination he re- moved to Falling Spring,near Chambersburg,where he labored to the close of his life.He was for many years a ^"o^e 70. bishop.Jacob Frantz and Martin Hoover were the next ministers called and ordained by this congregation.Jacob Frantz died some years ago.Henry B.Strickler,one of its present ministers,had been called and ordained by the church in Cumberland county.Pa.,prior to his locating in Waynesboro.Isaiah Sprenkle was the last one called and ordained by this congregation.In addition to these, Jacob S.Lehman,of the vicinity of Chambersburg,was ordained a minister,and is now a bishop. The Reformed Mennonite church was organized in Pennsylvania at an early period.It was not the result of 1S12. a division in anv church,but an independent movement Nature of doc- on the part of all who participated in its organization.Its trines. distinctive doctrines are in agreement with those advo- cated by Menno Simon in the sixteenth century,from whom the name Mennonite comes.One of these doc- trines most at variance with the generally accepted be- liefs,is the non-resistant principle.They are never found in the courts engaged in litigation,nor bearing arms in defense of any cause whatever.They do not hold office under the civil government,nor exercise the right of suf- frage to place others in office. The St.Stephen's Episcopal ?\Iission had but a brief st.Stephen's EPISCOP.\L existence.About two years ago the mission was organ-mission. 296 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XII.ized.It met in the liall of the G.A.R.and at several 1898.other places.It was in existence some six months or more and then ceased to exist.Rev.F.Schroder,of Lancaster,was the clergyman in charge. St.Andrew's Roman Catholic church was organized at ST.ANDREW'S ,,..,,• 1 1ROMANCATHOLICancarlvdavasamission,and became a parish about seven CHURCH.-' .^^81*-years ago.'Rev.Father Halftermeyer is pastor.The ^^^^- present membership is two hundred and ten ;member- ship of Sunday-school,thirty-five.Officers :Misses Agnes Lowell and Gertrude Funk.^lembership of so- cieties,sixty-four.Sodality,B.V.]\I..president,Miss Agnes Lowell.Altar society,president.Miss Kate Smith. Sewing circle,president,Mrs.Lucy Funk. The African Methodist Episcopal church.Rev.W. AFRICAN 5IETH- c',Di?T EPISCOPAL Sprigg.pastor.]\Iembership,ten ;membership of Sun- day-school,twenty ;of young people's society,twenty- five.Trustees :Lewis Alexander,George Bell,George Stoner,Frank Gaither,Abram Carroll. SNOW HILL so There was no class of citizens in Pennsylvania more ciETY (Nunnery),law-abiding and thriftv,or more useful to the communitv, than the ancient society of Seventh Day Baptists.The story of their monastic society at Ephrata,in Lancaster county,through late and valuable publications,is be- coming generallv familiar to the reading public.The Birth of the ' ... Society.fact,howcvcr,is not so familiar that,in the shadow of the South ^Mountain,in a lonely spot in Franklin county,on the banks of the Antietam creek,is to be found the last remnant of this society.In the ancient community house?°™™™"^house,which still stands there with its gloomy corridors and deserted cloisters,there lived,?<few years ago.daily waiting her summons to go,the last sister of the Capu- chin,or White Friar,Order,which,one hundred and six- ty years ago,Conrad Beissel founded at his hermit house in Lancaster countv.She has now departed also. o cc O 00 CO LU z >< u. o > cc O I- CO o > ^-LU CO z CO [THE NEW YORK PUBLIC UBKARY ASTOR,LENOX A 'D TILDEN FOU.MDATIONS. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.299 At the end of a beautiful lawn stands the ancient meet-chapter xii. ing-house.Here,for a long time,it was customary ^he meeting-house. every fortnight,on the seventh day of the week,for the worshipers to gather.There,still,members of German religious societies gather for worship,but the spirit of the old-timed Snow Hill Society has departed forever. The old-fashioned,heart-touching singing is no more. 'o c^o The music. The music books are still preserved,but the voices of the singers are silent forever. It is a sad thing to look inside this old meeting-house, but yet it is a curious place to visit,wnth its primitive Thoughts of the reading-desk and its oaken benches,solid but comfort- less,which have been in service how many years no one can tell.And here,off at one side,is the Saal,where is prepared the Agapas,or Love Feast.In a quaint-look- ing caldron,the brethren used to cook the lamb broth,the chief emblem of the feast.All the glory of the past,how- ever,has departed now.The hand of decay is fallen on every thing heavily,and worse than all the insatiate maw of the government is now about to swallow up for its own uses whatever of value remains. The"peace of the past,however,still reigns over this little valley,for godly men still live there. Vale. Considerable space has been devoted to the history of mormons. orthodox sects in this locality,and it can not be inappro- priate here to give a brief account of an unorthodox sect, the Mormons,which at one time obtained a temporary foothold in the southern part of the county,and did no little missionary work in and around Waynesboro. Almost within the shadow of the Cove Mountain,on the southwestern borders of Franklin county,Pennsyl-^Pennsylvania vania,spanning a tributary of the Conococheague creek, ^^^""^^' stands to this day an old stone bridge.In the autumn isis. of a certain year two faithful believers in the doctrine promulgated by the Latter Day Saints were sent eastward to spy out the land.After wandering many days they at length,one charming afternoon,halted on this old stone 300 CHAPTER XII. Spying out the land. WAYNESBORO. Property acquired. Their growth. Sidney Rigtion. Their principles. bridge Looking northward,their eyes rested upon a beautiful scene.W'liat more beautiful picture is there than a Cumberland Valley farm !Through their inspired understanding they at once realized that this was the place of their visions,where the Lord had shown them was to be marked out the site of the "City of the New Jerusalem." The result of this visit was the early purchase from yir. Andrew G.IMcLanahan of his farm,for which they paid him fifteen thousand dollars. The representatives of the Latter Day Saints,who set- tled on this tract of land and in the not distant neighbor- hood around Greencastle and Waynesboro,including "strangers from the destruction of the west"and converts among residents,numbered nearly two hundred. The plan for a great city and magnificent temple here was on a scale commensurate with the ]\Iormon plans for cities and temples in the west. Sidney Rigdon was their chief "seer"and prophet.He was also high priest as well as prophet.The commodious barn on the rolling meadow was the "temple,"and the dwellino;-house nearbv was the "temporal abode"for Rigdon and his assistant priests,Kimball and Hyde. As a whole,the ^lormons in Franklin county were a "serious folk,"and most religiously inclined.The doc- trine of polygamy,if entertained at all,does not seem to have been seriously asserted.Religious services were held every Sunday in the temple barn,under the earnest ministrations of Rigdon and his assistants.Not a few converts were made,but the faith never prospered. Those who dwelt in the town seemed to have some ac- quaintance with work and in distinction from many of those \vho dwelt upon the farm were averse to idleness. The town people started a paper,in the interest of their Sidney Rigdon. 300 wayne;sboro. CHAPTKR XII. Spying out the land. Jfroperty acquired. I'heir growth. Their principles. biKige.LooKiiig northward,their eyes rested upon a beautiful scene.What more beautiful picture is there than a Cumberland Valley farm !Through their inspired understanding they at once realized this was the place of their visions,where the Lord had shown them was to be marked out the site of the "City of the New Jerusalem." The result of this visit was the early purchase from Mr. Andrew G.McLanahan of his farm,for which they paid him fifteen thoitsand dollars. The representatives of the Latter Day Saints,who set- tled on this tract of land and in the not distant neighbor- hood around Greencastle and Waynesboro,including "strangers from the destruction of the west"and converts among residents,numbered nearly two hundred. The plan for a great city and magnificent temple here was on a scale commensurate with the Mormon plans for cities and temples in the west. Sidney Rigdon was their chief "seer"and prophet.He was also high priest as well as prophet.The commodious barn on the rolHng meadow was the "temple,"and the dwelling-house nearby was the "temporal abode"for Rigdon and His assistant priests,Kimball and c*1 1 '>y-\i-<i<_.Hvde. As a whole,the Mormons in Franklin county were a "serious folk,"and most religiously inclined.The doc- trine of polygamy,if entertained at all,does not seem to have been seriously asserted.Religious services -Were held every Sunday in the temple barn,under the earnest ministrations of Rigdon and his assistants.Not a few converts were made,but the faith never prospered. Those who dwelt in the town seemed to have some ac quaintance with work and in distinction from many of those who dwelt upon the farm were averse to idleness. The town people started a paper,in the interest of their o cc O CO CO LU z >< > cc O \- I [THE NEW YORK P'^BLIC LJBhARY ASTOR,LENOX A'D JTILDEN FOUrvDATIONS. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.303 sect,which they called the "Conocoheagiie Herald,"chapter xii. copies of which are still in existence.One Robinson,by name,was the editor and his paper,judging from the copy at hand of the ''Herald"was a sprightly enough lit- tle sheet. There was a general awakening from the delusion when,on that eventful night,the whole community,clad in their ascension robes,knelt on the meadow back of the firu^tion"^ ^°^^^ barn from sunset even unto the coming of dawn,waiting the promised advent of the Messiah,but all in vain.The awakening from their follv was sudden and complete CONOCOCHEAGUE HERALD. KNOWLEDGE AND UBERTr.UNE AND LNSEPEKABLC—Walker. J.MU»arD 4 E.ILcblnion,lirfllon.CREEVCASTLE',FRAMtUN COINTY,Pi.WEDNF^iDAV,SEPTEUBEH 30,1SI9. TUE ctrrocfHUX ii:L t \nM\in ^^(0rril;^roiio. ,«iafan'CA5.TLE,PA.j^a Kip ..^, VlirCHIC'ei |»f •>"'0<«>>«d"'H~<r.^SrouudT ana M.cUn»Shop.V^,-„.„,..,r »w«<v.vn il.nfi i..«iK(m Ihr lilllr mn,at Iht auiir linn-Liciiiw •!InMhftt,hahiird m nlk*flf (HvftchrA btra., the nflicrr. 'nnrt iIbmIi-^V .lb j<t>.k"laJ 'tottohtt* "Mtmina,"»1iup.r..l Mnry,"mtefl iftj hnr tfm.«l,if muufilM,whi9a-9lM. falh.r ......_..^.__^. "Hrr«a>in<«inv t.lhonlr."nU ih. ' The cl.lor Mf.F,.W*tg.^11v p»K^l>im- irlf.n.ctiw. MfK.Our ^inrwrnt «h.pArMrw »J« \m htinH».m.Hmv br«iiiilul Uirr iorit oil limUifuvii,iihrn Th.y put on j^ltrnto ufffr.hfloii.r,,»m)n>dtflC«-Ui V™,,tall nut lake niv pt)»tt»^v,"Idiail.-<>*'"'tr«^,w f.*ir.to ih.««xl. Facsimile Herald Heading. among the shivering company that repaired to their homes when the light of morning came. Most of these people lived in idleness.What money Dissolution.. they had brought with them,or had accumulated,was soon spent.They could not pay the balance due on their property,and,as a consequence,it finally reverted to its former owner,and within two years after their first ar- rival in this section a majority of the scattered sect had made their way west to Salt Lake City,whilst others back- slid to the Gentiles and started life anew. In a pine w^ood,not far from the City of the New Jeru- salem,in Pennsylvania,a number of their dead lie buried, and the spot is to-day pointed out ro the passer-by as the '^^"'°^'^graveyard. "Mormon graveyard."Little is known as to the in- dividuality of the men and women who there sleep their last sleep. CHAPTER XIII. NEWSPAPERS. CHAPTER XIII. 1790. Note 71. The Waynesboro Circulator. April 21,1843. Neighborhood papers. I Terms of the Cir- culator. PURVEYORS or NEWS FOR HALE A CEXTURY AXD MORE. T is particularly observable that the people of the Cumberland A'alley were early interested in news- papers.Kline's "Carlisle Gazette."for a long period of time in the early days,was a well-known publication throughout this section,and a medium for the advertising of all kinds of notices.It was the ambition of every town of any importance to have its own newspaper.Cham- bersburg's first newspaper started shortly after the close of the Revolutionar}'A\^ar.The "Baltimore American." which was in existence prior to and through the revolu- tion,was a casual visitor among the people in the neigh- borhood of A\'aynesboro.reaching there by way of Ha- gerstown usually. For upwards of fifty years the people of the county were content with the news furnished by the Chambers- burg papers;then the ambitious town of Waynesboro led the van of later progressive journalism,and the "^^''aynesboro Circulator"was organized with yiv.C. Grate as editor and proprietor.At this time the only other newspapers in the neighborhood were the "Hagers- town Herald and Torchlight."the "Hagerstown Mail." the Carlisle "American V^olunteer/'the "Gettysburg Compiler,"and,over at Bedford,the "Gazette"and the "Inquirer." The "Circulator,"according to its own announcement, was published "every Saturday on an imperial sheet,at two dollars per annum,payable within the first three months from the time of commencing the paper.In politics,strictly neutral.Advertisements conspicuously NEWSPAPERS.305 inserted for three weeks at one dollar a square ;for every subsequent insertion,twenty-five cents will be charged." CHAPTER XIII. It was a four page paper,fifteen inches by twenty inches in size.Its first page was devoted to "literature and the fine arts." The particular copy of the paper in view is number ^"^--*^'^^^^• nineteen,volume one,and.as a relic,it came into the pos- session of the editor of the "Villas:e Record."It is i.e.Yost. noticeably barren of local information.Its first page con-Extracts, tains a piece of poetry on the death of Napoleon at St. Helena,and a short story by Mrs Frances Sargent Os- good,together with four extracts from other newspapers. The second page is largely devoted to foreign news,but presents one or two personal anecdotes.The third page has a lengthy leader,entitled "Liberty."The political news consists of a notice of the election of John Nill and Upton Washabaugh,Esquires,as delegates from Franklin county to the Democratic State convention for that year to nominate candidates for canal commissioners,and of Andrew Snively,Esquire,and Major J.Calhoun as dele- gates to a like convention to represent the Whig party.The firemen are From the following notice,published on this page,it may be gathered that the firemen of the village w^ere being traduced,and found it necessary to defend themselves : "At a stated meeting of the Washington Engine Com- pany held on the evening of the twenty-first,on motion of D.S.Stoner,the following Preamble and Resolutions were unanimously adopted ; IVhereas,On the evening of which we held our last stated meeting,some unprincipled or villainous person did set on fire between the hours of ten and eleven o'clock p.m.one or two tar or oil barrels on the lot of Dr.J. Brotherton,within this borough,for some cause or pur- pose unknown to the \\^ashington Engine Company,and whereas,some of the citizens did charge the company at the same time,as well as at other tmies,for causing the fire to be made,and causing a false alarm to the citizens of this place, 3o6 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XIII.Resolved,That we as a company declare ourselves inno- cent of the charge,and that we pronounce the persons who made the charge against the company as no less than slanderers of the character of the same. Resolved,That we as a company do esteem the act to be beneath the dignity of the company or a gentleman, and do utterly condemn such acts as highly indecorous, and do repel any and all such charges as unjust and slan- derous. Resolved,That the persons who caused the fire to be made,if members of the company,be visited with the heaviest penalties our constitutions and laws admit of. Resolved,That we as a company do believe it to be our duty at all times to hold ourselves in readiness,upon any alarm to give aid in repelling the ravages of the destruc- tive element,but do not feel willing to have every dirty villainous act perpetrated by the outcasts of society cast on the credit of the company. Joseph Anderson, President pro teni. W.L.Hays, Vice-President. F.J.BOGGS, Secretary pro tein.'" The last page is devoted to advertisements,chiefly of business interests in Chambersburg,but the following Advertisements.advertisement of Mr.John C.Frev seems to be local in its character.He announces that he has : ''A fresh supply of clocks of all kinds,at number two, the old stand,where he is ready to sell,on accommo- dating terms,wholesale and retail,"(as an evidence of his willingness to trade and keep things moving he adds to his advertisement the following:)"Don't forget,horses, mules,and jackasses,of every description,wanted,for which he will trade watches,clocks,&c.,&c..&c.No person desirous of trading shall be disappointed,if he has any article to suit.Book accounts,notes,and other pa- per,which are supposed to be bad,and worth nothing to those holding them,will be taken for any article he has on hand." NEWSPAPEJIS.307 According to some authorities,Mr.Grate,after a year chapter xiii. or two,discontinued the "Circulator,"and started another paper by the name of the "Wayneslwro Gazette,"which Gazette!^™^^°'° was also discontinued some time later.No copy of the i&4t. "Waynesboro Gazette"now appears to be in existence. The "Village Record"was a success from the date of The viiiage Record, its founding,and still continues in existence,a substantial newspaper,which was founded by David O.Blair.AA^il-March 13,is47. Ham Blair (no relation of David O.Blair)afterwards pur- chased an interest in the paper but later disposed of it to ^^^^' the original proprietor,who continued its publication for some time and then sold out entirely to W^illiam Blair, who continued as its publisher and editor for forty years, closing his connection with it only with his death.After isoi. his death,for four years,the newspaper was conducted by his estate,when it was sold to its present publisher ^jggg and editor,Isaac E.Yost.Its publication was uninter- rupted from the date of its founding until the invasion of June,ises. Waynesboro by the Confederates,when it w-as overhauled by General Early's cavalry.They broke the cases,pied the type and destroyed the forms.The outside of the last issue at that time was printed,but the inside did not go to press until ten or twelve days later,after the Con- federates had retired from Gettysburg. In the copy of the 'A'illage Record"in view,which is November 15.i849. number thirty-seven,volume three,we find that it claims for itself to be "a family newspaper,neutral in politics•^^^^Extracts. and religion;devoted to literature,science,morality, general news,agriculture,the markets and amusement." Its front page,as was usual,is devoted to "literature and fine arts."The second page contains editorial matter and local news.It starts with the warning to those sub- scribers who promised to pay for the "Record"with wood,to bring-in the wood.It announces that the Debating society. Waynesboro Debating Society,on next Saturday even- o 08 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XIII ing,at the Eastern School-house,will wrestle with the question,"Which wields the greatest influence over man- kind,the Press or the Pulpit?"The paper is gratified The Franklin K.R.to Icaru that the FraukHn railroad will be taken in hands by a company of northern capitalists,and suggests that it will be pleasing intelligence to the people of Waynes- boro and \icinity to hear that the "Tapeworm''was about to be completed by a similar company."Be cheered up, friends,who knows but the Yankees may undertake it yet." Among the advertisements,John Snowberger tells of his fine home-made furniture at his well known shop on the Marsh road,and adds the cheerful intelligence that Advertisements."waluut,cherry,and mahogany coffins will be made at the shortest notice"Alexander Hamilton has a lot of very fine lumber,which he will dispose of cheap.Peter Fahnestock,of ^^'est Main street,announces the best as- sortment of dry goods in the borough.J.Xill has just returned from the city,and has opened out a general as- sortment of fresh drugs and medicines at the old stand of Dr.^^'alker.C.T.W^eagly,under the caption."Truth, stranger than fiction,"declares that he has the best chew- ing-and smokine tobacco and snufl^in the world:'& "So chewers,puflfers and snuffers One and all,give us a call, Young and old,large and small, Our motto is to please you all." Philips &Besore have a very handsome and a very cheap assortment of air-tight parlor stoves,while Smith &Hollinberger have just opened a large and beautiful assortment of fall and winter goods (dry goods),pur- chased in the markets of Philadelphia and Baltimore for cash,which enables them to be sold on as reasonable terms as any merchant can sell them this side of the At- lantic cities.T.J.Filbert,the merchant tailor,receives WAYNESBORO'CIRCULATOR. C.GRATE«EWlTOB^^PttftPBIETOR- VOL.1.WAYXESBORO*.PA.,SATl RDAV,AUGUST 2G.1843. 3IO CHAPTER XIII. The Keystone Gazette. 1876. 1878. 1880. 1882. January 1,1S85. March,1SS6. WAYNESBORO. the late fashions regularly,and announces that he has a very superior supply of fresh goods,from one dollar up to seven dollars a yard ;and he also engages to sell "on as fair terms as at any other establishment this side of the Atlantic cities —none excepted.""W.D.Lechler,the surgeon dentist,announces that he is prepared to attend to all operations in his profession."Xew goods cheap and no huml)ug."Daniel Tritle has just received a stock from the eastern cities,and he is willing to take country produce in exchange for his goods at the highest market price. Three columns,at least,of this third page is taken up with Chambersburg and Hagerstown advertisements, whilst the fourth page is devoted to miscellaneous matter and a continuation of local advertisements.Taken all together,the early editions of the "X^illage Record"show it to have been a bright,newsy country newspaper,well edited and printed. The "Keystone Gazette"was established in the Ameri- can centennial year.It was published weekly,and was Democratic in politics.The publishers and proprietors were J.C.\\'est and \\'.J.C.Jacobs.Two years after the organization of the paper,]\Ir.Jacobs retired,selling out his interest to Henry Trayer.It continued under this management for two years longer,when it was pur- chased by S.M.Robinson,who conducted it for two years,and then sold it to N.B.]\Iartin,who,in connec- tion with James B.Fisher,conducted it for some time as an independent paper,when ?\lr.Fisher bought out Mr. Martin's interest,and conducted the paper alone for little more than a year.Then D.B.Martin assumed contro'. with Mr.Fisher as manager and N.Bruce Martin as edi- tor.Subsequently,Air.Fisher disposed of his entire in- terest to Mr.D.B.Islartin. A copy of the "Gazette,"twenty years old,is at hand. NEWSPAPERS.311 and,as any local paper of that age would be.is interesting chapter xiii. reading.Its first page is devoted almost exclusively to j,^^^^ly copy of miscellaneous matter.The first column,however,con-DelembeT 9,isrg. tains advertisements.Seven lawyers,one dentist and one physician constitute the list of professional men who were at that time prominent before the \\^aynesl)oro pub- lic.The local railroad time-ta1)les occupy a conspicuous place,and give in plain detail the 'mformation with re- gard to the running of trains,which,to-day,it requires considerable skill to extract from the scientifically pre- pared time-cards of the railroads. The second page is editorial,and deals with the promi-f^ditodai and cor- rent issues of the day,both general and local.A special correspondence from A\"ashington also presents in an in- teresting form the n.ews at the National Capital for the delectation of the readers of the "Gazette."The admin- istration of President Hayes and his official acts are thor- oughly analyzed and severely criticised.A column or two of local and neighboring advertisers complete the page. The third page contains the local information,and the ^"^^^information, news is properly introduced by the very sensible sugges- tion,"Support your local paper."The fact that Christ- mas was only two weeks away does not seem to have had any apparent connection with the lamentable announce- ment which follows that "Several mean,contemptible scoundrels,residing-in this borous'h,whose names we withhold for the sake of their family relationship,have refused to settle their subscriptions."The paragraph to the effect that "Ralph L.Rolland,the notorious Cham-a bank robber, bersburg bank robber,made another attempt to escape from the penitentiary,"recalls an incident that was once a nine days'talk for the whole Franklin county commu- nity.The hope expressed in the notice that a meeting p^^^,.^movoments. had been called in the townhall for the purpose of or- 19) 312 CHAPTER XIII. Advertisements. The Blue Ridge Zeplnr. 1894. 1898. The Centennial Souvenir. 189T. WAYNESBORO. ganizing a fire company seems to have been realized. Marriages and deaths also had their column.The mar- riages recorded are three in numl^er,but were among par- ties in the neighborhood and not in Waynesboro.Two young lives in the borough are reported as succumbing to that dread disease,diphtheria.Among the advertise- ments on this page,the most interesting to the general public was.probably,the announcement of the holding in the townhall of "Aunt Polly Bassett's Singin'Skewl." The fourth page is entirely devoted to advertisements, with the exception of one column headed "Sunbeams," which is made up of a number of the brightest sayings of the day which the scissors could clip.Among the chief town advertisers at this period were.Ring's Clothing Store,Kridler's Tailoring,Geiser's Grocery,Waynesboro Dairy,Smith,the Painter,\\"einer's Clothing.Fourthman, Druggist,J.B.Russell &Brothers,Stoves,etc. The "Blue Ridge Zephyr"was started as a daily sum- mer paper,and,in a \-ery short time attained great popu- larity among the mountain \-isitors and in the neighbor- hood generally.As an enterprise it proved a success, and,later,became an all year daily edition and continues to be a bright and spicy journal under the able editorial management of N.Bruce Martin,Esq. The "Centennial Souvenir,"published by Mr.Martin as a supplement to the "Blue Ridge Zephyr"at the time of the centennial celebration,is a handsomely edited and illustrated quarto pamphlet,presenting in a very attract- ive shape a complete history of the centennial celebration, the official program,the addresses,and a full description of all the demonstrations. It has been largely drawn upon for the information on the subject of the Centennial Celebration contained in this work. NEWSPAPERS.313 The "Waynesboro Directory"is 1 business and literary chapter xiii. achievement for which N.Bruce Martin is also respon-„,„.^Tlie \\aynesboro sible,and it is well worthy of mention here.It g'ives a ^oo.°'°''-^'' complete directory of private citizens and business men, and is a regular encyclopedia of the many business and other interests which pertain to the town of \\'aynesboro. It is the beginning of what is hoped will be a permanent institution. Fond Recollections. CHAPTER XIV. CELEBRATING THE CENTENNIAL. THE INCEPTION,PROGRESS AND SUCCESS OF THE DEMONSTRA- TION. CHAPTER XIV. 1S7C. Note 72. May 10,1897. The association formed. Officers and execu- tive committi'c. I T was only after tlie American centennial celebration that the American people,and particularly the people of Pennsylvania,awoke to the importance of making an effort to preserve the history of localities by means of celebrations of important historical periods.The national centennial celebration was followed by very manv local celebrations,and,as a consequence,brought about the preservation of a large amount of valuable historical mat- ter. The newspapers of the locality are a very important factor in any movement of this character ;and so it was that the local press of Waynesboro was instrumental in awakening the interest of the people in the centennial celebration.The suggestions made by the press were followed by action on part of the board of trade.The matter took form,and was soon under way. In the early spring,a public meeting was called by the board of trade and the "Waynesboro Centennial Associa- tion"formed.A constitution and by-laws were adopted, and a large number of the proper committees were ap- pointed,namely,committees on finance,advertising,in- vitation,transportation,reception,entertainment,pro- gram,music,literary exercises,trades display,civic parade,historical,museum,special attractions,fireworks and decorations. In order to centralize the work as much as possible, the chairmen of these several working committees were organized into the centennial executive committee,who, CELEBRATIXG the;CENTENNIAL.315 together with the officers of the Centennial Association,chapter xiv. undertook the work.These officers and committee were as follows : J.H.Stoner,president ;W.T.Omwake,vice-president ; E.W.Gardner,secretary;Jno.J.Miller,treasurer;G.B. Beaver.W.S.Cunningham,J.H.Deardorff,D.M.Good, Samuel Hoeflich,\\'.J.C.Jacobs.J.B.Long,N.B.Mar- tin,J.B.Raby.J.R.Ruthrauff.T.B.Smith,Val.Smith. Dr.A.H.Strickler,S.Wiener,J.M.Wolff,I.E.Yost. The association thus constituted went to immediate work,with their headquarters in the Grand Army Hall. After W'Ceks of labor,the official program,which appears^°'^^Official program. at the close of this chapter,was arranged and all the neighboring country was notified that Waynesboro would keep open house during the period named,and would welcome her friends to a w^orthy entertainment.The opening day. Auffust 29th. The formal exercises opened on Sunday mornhig with the celebration in the churches.These were in the na- ture of historical discourses by the ministers,embody- ing,chiefly,the past history of the several churches.German Reformed, Reverend F.F.Bahner delivered the second of his his- torical discourses in Trinity Reformed church on this occasion.Having given the history of "Salem,the Mother Church."on the pre^ious Sunday,he spoke of "Trinitv.the Daughter Church."confining himself ex- clusively to the German period of the congregation's history.Lutheran. Reverend H.S.Cook,of the Evangelical Lutheran church,preached to a large congregation.His text was taken from Psalms one hundred and forty-three,verse five,"I remember the days of old;I meditate on all thy works ; I muse on the works of thy hand."Presbyterian. Reverend T.C.McCarrell,of the Presbyterian church, preached from Deuteronomy thirty-two,verse seven, "Remember the days of old ;consider the years of many generations."The history of the church w-as considered Church celebra- tions. 3l6 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XIV.under three heads,organization,houses of worship, ministers. Methodist Episco-Reverend C.A".Hartzell,of the Methodist Episcopal pal. church preached from the same text as Reverend Mc- Carreh,hkewise weaving in the past history of the church. Union song service.'phe cveuiug of Suuday was devoted to a union song service.Under the direction of Reverend Charles H. Coon,of Philadelphia,this service was held in the Cen- tennial Music Hall.A chorus of two hundred voices, made up of the best local talent,led in the singing.Brief and appropriate addresses by the leader of the choir and local ministers were part of the exercises.The Rev- erend F.F.Bahner presided. Aug^st^'loth!"^''™"Monday was a gala day,indeed.The town was uni- versally and most appropriately decorated.No formal feature was put down for the day.which was devoted, chiefly,to receiving the incoming guests ; but in the evening,a grand musical concert was given in the Cen- tennial Music Hall,and the magnificent chorus of two hundred voices,which had been so well drilled by the Reverend C.H.Coon,acquitted themselves on this oc- casion to the full satisfaction of the large and enthusiastic audience.Professor T.Williams Pearson,a leading tenor of Philadelphia,assisted,and rendered several solos. On this occasion,the audience was welcomed in an ap- Dr.^^strickier's ad- pj-Q^j-j^^g addrcss by Dr.A.H.Strickler.He said : "' "Ladies and Gentlemen :It gives me pleasure to have the honor of greeting you on this eventful occasion.I desire,therefore,to welcome you to the town named in honor of the hero of Stony Point,Monmouth and Brandywine.It is said that when General Anthony Wayne honored this place,then in its infancy,with his presence,he made the remark,'What a lovely place to build up a town.'To-day we remark,what a lovely town we have reared.This little infant,rocked in the cradle of industry,has become a full grown town in prosperity. U I s u < X 3l8 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XIV.She has become the Birmingham of the Cumljerland Val- ley.In the name,therefore,of the town of Waynesboro I greet you.1 greet you collectively from the valleys and from the hills.I greet you individually,coming from other sections of our Commonwealth,and also from our sister States,trusting that your ])rief visit among us will not be without enjoyment,and confident that our own anticipation of pleasure will be fully realized. "I have heard it said that travelers in foreign lands de- light to feast their eye on ancient ruins.We have none of them here.We show you a thriving town.We meet you on macadamized streets.We join arms with you on graded pavements.We light your footsteps with electricity,and give you to drink pure water from the crystal springs of our mountain hills.We open wide the gates,and extend to you the freedom of our town, and we trust that you will all be so well pleased,and so well entertained,that you will desire to come again." Reverend B.H.Revcrcud B.H.^^losscr.of Chambcrsburg,respondedMossersresponse.o ' to the address of welcome as follows : "Mr.President.Ladies and Gentlemen:To respond to a welcome so cordially and kindly,and withal so felici- tously spoken,is.indeed,to me a pleasant task.Xor can I,for a moment,question the sincerity of the wel- come extended here to-night to all who shall be so lor- tunate as to be your guests in this holiday week,that so significantly joins for you the century past and that to come. "My residence in Waynesboro,a few short years ago. was sufficiently long to impress me with the genuineness and heartiness of the hospitality of your citizens:and it is out of a personal experience,and very gratifying recol- lection of that hospitality,that I speak,when I ceclare my conviction,that the splendid address to which we have just listened,instead of being of the nature of a cold and meaningless formality,voices,rather,the true sentiment of the entire conununity at this moment. "With this eventful week you complete a full century of history,a century of courageous and hopeful toil,and. also,of commcndaljle ])rogress.The proper observance CEI^EBRATING THE CENTENNIAL.319 of a 'Centennial'is not without its resultant benefit to a chapter xiv. community.It may be made to exert a salutary influence ^,'... " 1-,,1 1 ,Rev.Mosser's re- upon the citizens immediately concerned,and,also,serve sponse. to materially promote the local interests represented,and brought prominently to the notice of the public,in such a series of demonstrations as you propose for the present week. "It is an object lesson and an inspiration to youth. It stirs the enthusiasm,and awakens more thoroug-hly the public spirit of the men,who,in the prime and vigor of life,are at the front in the aft'airs of the business world. It is an event of more than passing interest to the aged, who,of necessity,live much in the past,and who occupy a position that peculiarly qualifies them to note the marked advantages of the present. "A hundred vears !How striking the contrast between the days that were and the times in which we live !How different the face of the world,and how changed the conditions of human life and the usao-es of societv,in the new civilization that we see ! "It is only a little while ago that our forefathers lived in rude cabins,amid the solitude of the wilderness —vast areas of which were then unbroken and unexplored. "Domestic comforts and conveniences were prac- tically unknown.The open hearth,with its log fire,was the sole source of comfort within,in the chill and drear winter-time ;and the torch and the tallow-dip gave forth their dim and sicklv light,and cast their weird shadows when the night had fallen. "The crudest of implements made agriculture,then the principal pursuit,toilsome in the extreme.The wheels of manufacture had scarce begun to turn.Of highways there were few,and transportation and travel were diffi- cult and tedious.The public press was in its infancy, and semi-occasional in its issues,and the intelligence of events occurring in any community required days —and, in more remote sections,even weeks —for its transmis- sion.Communications between the peoples of the old world and the new were infrequent,and slow sailing-ves- sels,of uncertain date of arrival and departure,the only means.The mighty commerce of our own great nation was in its feeblest beginnings. ;20 WAVXESBORO. CHAPTER XIV. Rev.Mosser's re- sponse. "To-day all this is chang-ed !We have outgrown the old conditions!'The little one has become a thousand, and the small one a strong nation.'The bold and hardy pioneer has felt,in his remote solitudes,the encroach- ment of a rapidly increasing population.Quiet,rural set- tlements have developed into bustling towns;and these, in turn,have grown into populous and powerful cities. The inventive genius of the age has built veritable palaces as homes for men to dwell in.and.with lavish hand,sup- plied them with comforts,and conveniences,and luxuries, heretofore unknown and undreamed of. "A\e live in a new civilization —in an age of gigantic industries —of fabulous wealth and multiplied advantages—in an age of rushing express trains,and ocean grev- hounds,and blazing electric lights —in an age in which a mysterious and incomprehensible net-work of electric wires has made our whole continent one vast whispering- gallery. "The story of the world's progress within the century you celebrate reads like a romance —a fairy tale.The pulse of the world's life has tremendously quickened :the journey of weary weeks is accomplished in one brief day over any one of almost innumerable road-ways of steel that stretch themselves toward every point of the com- pass —inland,sea-ward,everywhither —between the great seas that wash our hither and remote shores.Our great ocean steamships can cast anchor in the harbors of two continents 'between Sabbath bells.'I can read the news of the world,up to midnight of the day before, at my breakfast table any morning.I can do so simple a thing as turn a valve,and my home is quickly and com- fortably warmed in the coldest of winter weather.I can press a button,and my house is ablaze with light.In five minutes I can hold a conversation with a friend a thous- and miles away with as much satisfaction as though he were sitting by my side. "But I must not multiply illustrations in proof of that which I have affirmed,and of which we are all so well aware —the marvelous and victorious march of genius, guided by the light of the most recent scientific discover- ies,into the very heart of the kingdom of nature,with CEI.EBRAT1NG THE CENTENNIAL.321 whose mysterious elements and hidden forces men are chapter xiv. continnahv,and snccessfnhv,experimentino-in nature's "^"^Rev MossGf's rS"own lahoratories,and out of which they are constantly spoiise. bringing something new,and ever developing important factors in the world's great problems of supply and demand. "W'e are living in a marvelous period of the world's history !We are living in an age furnishing constant and bewildering surprises in invention and discovery,and prophesying an astonishing revelation,and a phenomenal advance,for the twentieth century,upon whose thresh- old we stand,until,almost involuntarily,we strain our eyes in antipicating the future,and ask ourselves with bated breath,and yet with eager earnestness,what new thing will next appear —what larger possibilities of life are yet in store for us in the new and dawning century? "Your century of history is intimately and inseparably bound up,with the period of the world's greatest activity and upward advances,in intelligent and practical utiliza- tion and employment of nature's marvelous,and seem- ingly exhaustless,civilizing agencies and powers. "That you have used the passing years wisely and well, your steady and substantial growth,especially in im- portance as a manufacturing town,fully attests.You have kept well abreast of the times throughout the cen- tury.You have implored the aid of science,and of inven- tive genius ;you have harnessed the invisible forces of nature to your chariot wheels ;you have encouraged the spirit of the times by introducing,wherever practicable, the most modern conveniences and appliances for the economizing of time and labor,and for the increase of domestic comfort ;you have given remunerative employ- ment to labor ;you have contributed to the progress of the age ;you have Iniilt up splendid industries,in which you feel a just pride,and that have won for you an envi- able name throughout the world,wherever your manu- factured products have gone. "You have provided for the more liberal education and thorough culture of your youth through the development and maintenance of a splendid system of pul)lic schools ; you have sought to care for the moral and religious train- 322 WAYNESBORO. chapt?:r XIV.ing-of all your citizens by the establishing and building up among vou of a goodlv number of Christian churches,Rev.Mosser's re-..^' , ' r r^, sponse.m which the pure word of God is preached,and the liv- ing Christ is uplifted,and his dying love for sinful men, and his compassionate sympathy with the sad woes and urgent needs of our frail humanity,are faithfully declared. "I could wish that the camera of the photographer had preserved for us a faithful picture of the little settlement of Waynesboro as it was a hundred years ago —in its limited extent and primitive simplicity —lying in the heart of this beautiful Cumberland \'alley,and that that picture could be thrown upon the canvas here in the presence of you all to-night,and that by its side might be made to appear the Waynesboro of to-day.By such a compari- son,and by such a comparison only,could we,who are gathered here on this occasion,came to any true apprecia- tion of the actual progress you have made within the cen- tury.You have wrought faithfully and well !Xor is it to be counted a strange thing,but eminently fitting, rather,that you should pause midway between the two centuries to review the past,and to forecast the future, and.by a festal week,such as you have planned,should seek to impress the outside world with the fact that you are in it —in it as a manufacturing center of R-rowino-im- portance ;and,further,to imbue your own citizens with a more intense spirit of civic pride and loyalty. "Each community has an individual life —a life,and in- terests,and demands,peculiarly its own —which make it right,without laying it open to criticism,or the charge of vanity,or narrowness,that in such a marked epoch as the closing of a century of history it should recount its achievements in progress,and,in the enthusiasm of such an event as yours of this week,be led to devise measures for its larger growth and broader sphere of usefulness and importance in the great world of which it forms a part. "Very properly you have opened your centennial ex- ercises on the Sabbath day with the public worship of God.and a recognition of his providence and l)lessing that have contributed so largely to your successes,and have had so much to do with shaping and influencing vour historv.You have invited us here to share with vou the CELEBRATING THE CENTENNIAL.323 pleasure and the unbounded enthusiasm of this really chapter xiv. o^reat event in vour life as a communitv.We have ac- "•1 r 1 •1'M 1 r 1 ^^^'-^losser's re- cepted your invitation ;and from this day until the nnal sponse. consummation of this significant celebration it looks as though your hospitality were going to be severely taxed to care for the friends and acquaintances already crowd- ing in upon you. "We rejoice with you in your prosperity —in your numerous evidences of industry and thrift.We share with you your pardonable pride in your really beautiful little city,with its splendid streets,and busy industries, and comfortable homes,and excellent schools,and invit- ing churches :and we are come to take you by the hand and speak to you words of sincere congratulation,and to bid vou Godspeed as you cross the threshold of a new centurv,that will,doubtless,witness for you,as for us all,a marvelous advance in all things that relate to wealth, and comfort,and intelligence,and morals. "You have promised us a great treat in your wide- spread advertisement of daily events,and we have come to enjoy it with you !You have created a really splendid program!You have laid under tril)ute every thing with- in your reach for our entertainment and pleasure ! "We appreciate your effects in our behalf!You have tendered us a warm and cordial welcome,and I am here at this moment,by your election,for myself and on behalf of a great company of your invited guests,to express our grateful acknowledgment of the courtesy extended to us, and to assure you of our heartiest good wishes as you step hopefully forward into the larger future of a new, and everv way more important,century of toil and of achievement !'' Tuesdav was o-iven up to the Odd Fellows,and was Tuesday's program." --^'Auffust 31st. made the occasion of the celebration of the fiftieth anni- versary of Waynesboro Lodge,number two hundred and nineteen,I.O.O.F.The Odd Fellow visitors came from all directions,and when the hour of parade arrived, it is estimated that fully fifteen hundred Odd Fellows p^^,p^,,^^^.^^^i^, bration. were in line. CELEBRATING THE CENTENNIAE.325 W.A.Price acted as chief marshall,and at the hour of chapter xiv. two had the procession formed on East Main street in the fohowing order : Platoon of pohce,Chief Marshall,W.A.Price ;Chief M^'-^^ai and Aides, of StafT,Capt.J.C.Gerbig;Assistant,Dr.E.S.Berry; Aides,Victor Clayton,H.S.Morganthall,J.C.Crouse, J.T.Kennedy. Odd Fellows'parade,First Division:Marshall.W.I.First Division. Bikle;Field and Staff Officers;Knights'Military Band, Baltimore ;Canton Patriarchs Militant,Baltimore. Second Division :Marshall.\\'illiam C.Ernst ;Citizen's Second Division. Band,Shippensburg ;Cumberland Lodge,of Shippens- burg;Mercersburg Lodge;Scotland Lodge;Boonsboro Lodge ;Keedysville Band ;Hagerstown Lodge ;Union Band.Carlisle ;Carlisle Lodge ;City Drum Corps ; Chambersburg Lodge ;Dry Run Lodge. Third Division :Marshall,Dr.H.M.Fritz ;Citizen's Third Division. Band,Chambersburg;Columbus Lodge,Chambersburg; New AMndsor Band;New Kingston Lodge;St.Thomas Lodge ;Greencastle Band ;State Line Lodge ;A.T.H. &L.Band ;Waynesboro Lodge,and cabs containing Grand Lodge Officers.The Maryland Grand Lodge of- ficers who rode in the parade were:G.M.,J.J.Kaler; D.G.M.,Thos.Hostetter;G.C,John M.Jones;G.W., Richard Gibney ;S.G.T.,Geo.J.Hooper;P.G.M.,Geo. \A\Lee;H.G.M.,Clifford Taylor;Grand Warden,Esau Loomis,of West Chester,and Deputy Grand Master, Samuel McKeever,of Philadelphia. The parade w-as followed by the literary and musical Literary &musical program. part of the day's exercises in Centennial Music Hall. Capt.D.B.Russell presided,and,after prayer l)y Rev. F.F.Bahner,addresses were made by Dr.E.A.Hering, Harrisonburg,Va.;Burgess J.C.Criswell;Rev.Chas. H.Coon,Philadelphia;Grand Master,J.J.Kaler,Balti- more,and George J.Hooper,Baltimore.Another meet- ing was held in the same hall at half past seven o'clock ;26 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XIV. Wednesday's pro- gram. September 1st. The celebration proper begins. Soldiers'monu- ment. Note 73. Dedicatory address Hon.John Stewart. in the evening,when addresses were deHvered by Deputy Grand Master,Samuel McKeever,of Philadelphia,and Grand Warden,Esau Loomis,of West Chester,Penn- sylvania. As the weather from the beginning had been,so was it bright and beautiful on Wednesday morning.The day was ushered in by the Ijlowing of factory whistles and the ringing of church bells,and the town was awake with the early dawn and visitors from every direction begin- ning to arrive. At the hour of eleven o'clock in the morning several thousand persons had assembled on the l)row of the hill in Burns Hill Cemetery to witness the dedication of the Soldiers'Memorial Monument,which had been erected through the efforts of the members of the Woman's Re- lief Corps,the Monument Committee being :Mrs. Sarah Lee,Mrs.Rebecca vStoner,Mrs.Belle Rider. After prayer by Rev.F.F.Bahner.pastor of Trinity Re- formed church,Miss Julia Jacobs,the bright little daugh- ter of Air.W.J.C.Jacobs,pulled the cord holding together the national colors which draped the monument. The flags fell apart disclosing the handsome monument, a salute was fired l)y the Franklin Guards,of Chambers- burg,and the formal unveiling was thus completed.The monument bears the following inscription: "Erected by the A\'oman's Relief Corps of \\'aynes- boro,in honor of the soldiers who so nobly fought dur- ing the War of the Rebellion from t86i to 1865." Rev.T.C.McCarrell,pastor of the Presbyterian church,made the opening address.Charles B.Clayton rendered a cornet solo,after which Hon.John Stewart^ President Judge of Franklin county,delivered the dedi- catory address.He spoke as follows: "It is because our individual life is confined within such narrow and contracted limits,that we contemplate with special interest those things of man's creation which have HISTORY OF WAYNESBORO. SOLDIERS'MONUMENT,WAYNESBORO,PA. •Lie.LIBRARY. AND ^.TIONS. CELEBRATING THE CENTENNIAL.329 longer endured.It gratifies our pride somewhat,to wit- ness the works of human creation standing secure long after the generations that built them have been forgotten ; for to this extent,meagre though it be,we seem to be the victors in the unequal contest with the great de- stroyer.We count it much that anything can stand in strength and vigor,with a retrospect of a hundred years ; and well may,for a century is a large section of time. But four such periods separate us from the time when there was no known western world ; add but a few more and we are lost in the darkness of the middle ages;a very few more and we are back in the early dawn of our pres- ent civilization ;still a few more and we stand at the very beginning of our Christian era. "Because there are States and communities which count by the groups tlu centuries of their existence,it may seem strange,perhaps to them amusing that we so covetous of age,should celebrate the completion of our first.But it is not in rivalry to them that we lay claim to ae:e.A\'e are not so old as thev.and vet we are noage. longer young.Youth cannot be affirmed of anything true of those things which stand to-day men and events a hundred vears ago. that has endured for a century.More especially is this and testify of For these century periods,though of equal length,are not alike in their testing strength as applied to the works of man.The voyages may be upon the same sea,between the same ports,yet the calm water and favoring breezes of the one being no test or trial to the vessel,which,tempest toss- ed in the next,flounders and goes down beyond sight forever.A century of modern history comprises its hundred years,just as a century of the middle period did ; but so far as concerns those forces which try and test the stability of human affairs,they are of unequal length,just as fifty years of Europe,may be more than a cycle of Cathay.These forces have never been so active or so persistent as during the century about to close ;and there- fore it is,that whatever saw its beginning and yet abides with us here,in this western world,is entitled to claim the crown and dignity of age.As this latest century has been the period of greatest activity and intensest con- flict,so it has been the witness of man's proudest triumph. (20) CHAPTER XIV. Judge Stewart's address. 330 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XIV. Judgre Stewart's address. We of to-day are the heirs of ah tlie ages,but these ages have not contributed in the same degree to our inherit- ance.In extent,in richness,and variety,that portion we derive from the age next preceding om*own,surpasses the contribution of any earlier period.It is because of the struggles and marvelous achievements of this later period,not in one held but in every field,,that the world to-day is wiser,better,happier than it ever was before, that human knowledge is greater and more widely dif- fused,that generous living more largely prevails,that culture and comfort are more largely enjoyed,that serf- dom has given place to citizenship and that political gov- ernment with us is exercised for the protection of all alike, in the enjoyment of equal rights.A century in such an era of human activity and progress,has an importance that cannot be measured simply by its years,and it is such a century that we.my friends,look back upon to-day. "We do well to celebrate its close,and recount with pride and gratitude its triumphs and its glories,for they are our inheritance. "On such an occasion,when so nnich is suggested for thought and reflection,it is natural that our minds should turn first of all to those events occurring W'ithin the period which were of the largest and most commanding influT ence.These press themselves upon our attention as they did upon the generation that witnessed it.We measure events by their consequences ;they are great or small as they affect the many or the few.Jtidged by this test,his- tory records few facts,certainly none in modern times, of vaster significance than the great Ci'vil \\'ar,which l)ut a generation since put in extremest peril the existence of our republic.That war was a great historic fact,the memory of which will endure so long as civilization exists; not because of the magnitude of its operation,and yet this alone without more w'ould give it supreme distinc- tion,but because of what it involved and what it estab- lished,as we trust,forever;man's right and capacity for self government. "A\'e are unjust to oiu^selves and unjust to the men who stood in our defense,if we allow the issues of that great war to be narrowed to questions of territorial limits, CELEBRATING THK CENTENNIAL.331 or division of national domain.The men who sustained chapter xiv. the nation's cause by blood and treasure through that period of peril,saw vastly more than this involved,and iddfess.^'^''"'"* ^ drew their inspiration from loftier and nobler considera- tions.What was then put in issue was the stability and permanence of popular government.The men of the century before,had committed to the men of this,an ex- periment in civil government.They established a gov- ernment which was of the people,by the people,for the people,"broad based upon a people's sovereign will"in which there was neither king,sceptre nor throne,privi- leged class or exempted order,but in which,the people, all the people,were themselves the rulers,each with equal voice,and all alike equal before the law.No such gov- ernment had ever before been attempted.Philosophers had dreamed of it,but until established here in our west- ern world,it was but a Utopian fancy.More than half a century's experience had illustrated its beneficence by a growth and prosperity unexampled.With the deliver- ance of the individual from the restraints and oppression of the older form of government,came freedom of thought and inquiry,the emancipation and diffusion of knowledge,and with these a quickening of all the forces in individual,social,industrial and political life.The world looked on,and wondered at the results accomplish- ed in so short a time.But it was still an experiment. A half century counts but little in a nation's life.Gov- ernments to be of value must have stability,permanence. Instability leads to anarchy,and the worst government is better than that.Was it possible that a government in which the power and responsibility rested with the people themselves could endure?Humanity doubted and yet hoped.At length came the supreme test to its ability —its sufficiency to protect itself.Nothing can so test the resisting power of established authority,as the angry fury of organized revolt ;and it was by such or- deal that this republic of ours was tried through four long years of civil strife.What vast interests hung suspended upon the doubtful hazard of that war !Was it true that man was capable of self government,or was this a dream to have its fulfillment only in a remoter millennial age?Were men created alike free with equal. o3-WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XIV. Judge Stewart's address. with inalienable ri^^hts,and could ci\il government rest in security u])on such assumption?These,and all other doctrines taught in that great charter of our national in- dependence which make for freedom,were put in issue, for they were expressed and embodied in the nation's life ;they were its life,and it stood but as their bodily form and expression.From that war the nation emerg- ed,no longer an experiment,but an established fact and power,vindicating in its triumph the strength and endur- ance of free institutions.Thenceforth the republic was to stand not as a warning,amid its own wreck and ruin, to check and subdue the aspirations of the race for en- larged freedom ;but in the majesty of its strength and greatness,to witness for the everlasting truths upon which its broad foundations were laid. "It would be a strange omission,were we to fail to recall during these centennial exercises,this most signi- ficant event of this,the most eventful century,save one. in recorded history.It would show us lacking in ap- preciation of the exalted privileges of American citizen- ship,and wanting in gratitude to the men who,by their bravery and devotion,redeemed the nation's life.While we dare not do less than we have done in this brief re- cital,the purposes of the loyal,i)atriotic women of this tow^n go much beyond.They would make the occasion itself express in some way their loyalty and devotion to their country,their admiration for the courage and forti- tude of the men who stood so bravely for the cause of civil freedom,and their high appreciation of the rights and dignity of American manhood,womanhood and citizenship.To this end they have caused to be erected here in this sacred and secluded spot,where sleep in silence many of the men of this community who gave full measure of devotion to the sacred cause,as brave and loyal soldiers of the republic,and where still more of them are soon to find a last resting place,this beautiful memorial,which they now,on this centennial anniversary solemnly,reverently,yet joyfully and gratefully dedicate to pious purpose. '"Let me give it \'oice and utterance,and in a few closing words declare,if I can,its meaning and its testi- CELEBRATING THE CENTENNTAL.333 mony ;for here it is to stand upon its eminence as an en-chapjer xiv. durino'witness. ... "" . , ... ,r i.r 11-1 4.Jiidgre Stewart's Associated as it is with a tact ot world-wide import-address, ance,it is yet local both in its origin and significance.It has been erected by the patriotic women of this com- nuinity,to testify to a fact which is abundant cause for local pride and grafitude.It is not intended to per- petuate the memory of the great Civil \\'ar as a fact in the nation's life ;that fact will never disappear from the pages of history ;it needs no other witness.Nor is it meant to perpetuate the names and fame of those illustri- ous men.who,as statesmen and soldiers,directed the af- fairs and led the armies of the Republic through that period of peril.Their names are indissolubly linked with the event itself,and their fame is imperishable.On the banks of the Hudson,within sight and sound of the busy life of the great metropolis,but rdl apart by itself,stands a noble building of exquisite design,whose beauty un- folds like a flower as you gaze upon it,until you come to see it as a perfect whole.It is the tomb of the great captain who led your armies to final and complete triumph.You look about you for some emblem or de- sign,or pedestal,entablature,on wall or dome,to indicate the purpose of the edifice ;but you see neither statue nor picture,nor legend nor inscription,nothing that tells the storv of the hero's life,or even speaks his name,until, advancing within,vou look below the surface of the mar- ble floor on which you stand,directly underneath the loftv dome,through which the sun and stars alternately keep sacred watch by day and night,and there the eye rests upon a great sarcophagus bearing the single and simple inscription —Ulysses S.Grant.Then it is you understand the absence of emblem and pictured legend. It is only the ashes that are here,thus guarded that they mav be preserved ;his fame is a thing apart and fills the world,needing no monument to proclaim or perpetuate it ;his name is forever linked to an immortal fact. ''It is allowed to few to thus identify their names with great events.The many perish and are soon forgotten. Yet but for the devotion of the many,even those few could have no place,for it is the many who make the events.The devoted and courageous patriotism to 334 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XIV. Judg-e Stewart's address. which,as displayed in the Hves of these illustrious men whose fame is so enduring-,the v\orld yields its homage, though not so conspicuously,was yet as truly and grand- ly illustrated in the lives of these loyal sons of the re- public who stood undistinguishable,and unobserved,save by the foe,in the red front of battle,in defense of what we hold so sacred.But for the unselfish devotion and exalted courage of these men,the cause of freedom must have failed,this nation nuist have perished,and with it the glorious promise for complete enfranchisement,which for more than half a centurv had gladdened and encour- aged the hearts of men the world over.Their names are many and can never fill the world's loud trump of fame, but their triumph survives in the republic we call our own,and tJieir example will long abide to inspirit,en- noble and animate to future deeds of heroism in the cause of truth and humanity.The names of those 'Village Hampdens who with dauntless breast The haughty tyrant of their fields withstood.' upon ]\Iarston Aloor and Naseby's field,in the struggle against kingly absolutism,are lost to history ;but the great fact of constitutional government,the result of their courage and devotion remains,and always will re- main a priceless legacy.The names of those em- battled farmers who stood at Lexington and Concord, and out of their flint-lock muskets 'fired the shot heard round the world,'are not recorded,and are no longer remembered ;but what they did there for freedom's cause will never be erased from human memory.Their work survives,a glorious heritage,their example as a perpetual inspiration to patriotic living and noble endeavor. *'A11 this is true of that vast army of brave and loyal men who stood in the nation's defense during the great Ci\il War.Few will survive in name and memory be- yond the generation that knew them,but who shall dare to put a limit this side the day of doom itself,to the in- fluence of their lives,the endurance of their work? "Whilst this memorial stands in their honor,it speaks with special reference to the memory of those of their number,whose homes were here,who left these fields, these sho])s,these offices and homes,at their country's CELEBRATING THE CENTENNIAL.335 call to take their stand in the deadly breach.By loving-,chapter xiv. o-rateful hands it has here been erected to tell to future"^ ....Judge Stewart'i! generations that,in the costly sacrifice that was required address, for the redemption of the Republic,this town,true to its heritage and traditions,loyal to the country and faith- ful to duty,gave freelv of its noblest and best.Some of these lie about us here in this sacred spot ;the dust of many others lie mingled with the soil of scattered battle- fields from Gettysburg to the gulf ;others there are who still survive and dwell among you.Honor and gratitude alike to all,the living and the dead :and let it be proudly remembered to-day,and during all time,that in the sacri- fice that was paid,and the glory that was won in the great struggle,this conmiunity nobly suffered and honorably shared.This is the simple story that this beautiful memorial is designed to perpetuate,of which it is to l)e the silent but enduring witness.In reviewing the events of your hundred years of existence,what is there in that long history that excites an equal pride?\Miat is there that you would not be more willing to forget ? "Elsewhere,by appropriate exercises,you celebrate the marvelous progress and achievements of the century, as illustrated in the abundant material prosperity;and in the social,industrial and educational life of the com- munity.This is fitting,for history affords no parallel to it.But this monument and the exercises of this hour will have come short of their purpose,if they fail to re- mind and instruct us that all this enrichment,alike in material prosperity,and in those privileges and advant- ages which have placed the American people in the ad- vance rank of modern civilization,has come to us,by the providence of God,through the great Republic which, bought by the blood of one century,rescued and redeem- ed by the blood of the next stands to-day the sure pledge and promise of a still more glorious future for our race. All hail the Republic!" A selection by the Ringgold Band,of Reading,and the benediction by Rev.H.S.Cook closed the ceremonies. The civic parade was advertised to move at half past one o'clock.This was a grand pageant headed by Gov- 336 CHAPTER XIV. Civic parade. WAYNESBORO. ernor Hastings,of Pennsylvania,and Goxernor Lowndes, of [Maryland,and consisted chiefly of military organiza- tions and fire companies.Shortly after the appointed hour,the governors,with the members of their respect- tive staffs,arrived in carriages from Buena Msta,and were escorted to positions at the head of the procession. The arrangements for the parade were followed as set forth in the program.The parade was formed as fol- lows : Mounted Police. Marshals. Chief Marshal. John ^1.Wolff'. Mai-shals, Maj.Chas.A.Little, Capt.John C.Gerbig, Dr.l.X.Sni\ely, D.^l.Xise wander, Thos.Shipley, James P.Lowell. Ringgold Band, Reading,Pa. Gen.Anthony AA'ayne. Gov.Daniel H.Hastings, of Pennsylvania, and Staff'. Gov.Lloyd Lowndes, of ALaryland. and Staff". CELBBRATIXO THE CEXTEXNTAL. FIRST DIVISION. Marshal. John H.Harbaiigh. Aids. Edward Oiler, Martin S.Funk. Drum Corps. Co.B,]vlaryland National Guards (Douglas Guards), Capt.George L.Fisher, Hagerstown,Md. Citizens'Band,Chambersburg. Co.C,8th Regiment,N.G.P.. (Franklin Guards). Capt.Philip Lautenslager, Chambersburg.Pa. "Drum Corps. Reno Post,No.4,G.A.R., Hagerstown,Md. Drum Corps. Col.P.B.Housum Post,No.309.G.A.R.. Chambersburg.Pa. Corp.Rihl Post,G.A.R., Greencastle,Pa. Band. Lyon Post,No.31.G.A.R. Capt.John E.\\'alker Post,No.287,G.A.R., Waynesboro,Pa. 337 CHAPTER XTV. First division. 33«WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XIV. Second division. SECOND DIVISION. MarsJwI. Jason Bell. Aids. E.H.Oderman, S.K.Yaiikey. Band. Washington Fire Co.,No.i, Mechanicsburg,Pa. Band. Sarah Zane Steam Fire Engine Co., ^^'inchester,Va. Drum Corps. Martinsburg Fire Department, Martinsburg,W.Va. Junior Steam Engine Co., Frederick,Md. Band. First Hose Co., Hagerstown,Md. Band. Union Fire Co., CarHsle Pa. Band, Independent Junior Steam Engine Co.,No.3, Hagerstown,Md. CELEBRATING THE CENTENNIAL. Band. Western Enterprise S.F.E.Co., and Ap])aratns. Hagerstown,Aid. Friendship Fire Co.,No.i, Newville,Pa. Drnm Corps. Friendship Fire Co.,No.i, Chambersbnrg".Pa. 339 CHAPTER XIV. THIRD DIVISION,Third division. Marshal. D.C.Shank. Aids. Frank Hershey, Ira Funk. Band. Hanover Steam Engine Co., Hanover,Pa. Drum Corps. Junior Hose and Truck Co.,No.2, Chambersburg,Pa. Antietam Fire Co..No.2, Hagerstown,Md. Drum Corps. 34°WAYNESBORO. CHAPTKH XIV.Hope Hose Co., Cham1)ersl)urg,Pa. Band. Gettysburg Steam Fire Engine Co., Gettysburg,Pa. Band. Pioneer Hook and Ladder Co.,and Apparatus, Hagerstown,Md. Empire Hook and Ladder Co., Carlisle.Pa. \'igilant Hose Co..No.i, and Apparatus, Shippenslnu'g.Pa. Band. Mechanics"Steam Fire Engine and Hose Co.,No.i, and Apparatus, Waynesboro,Pa. Band. A.T.H.&L.Co.,and Apparatus, Waynesboro,Pa. Darktown Fire Brigade, \\"avnesboro.Pa. Fourth dhasion.FOURTH DIVISION Miirshal. W.I.Bikle. CELEBRATING THE CENTENNIAL.341 Aids.CHAPTER XIV. C.Fred.Stein, John Bowers, L.K.Brown. Band. Oriental Castle.K.G.E., Hagerstown,Md. Cumberland \'alley Commandery,K.G.E., Mechanicsburg,Pa. Ouindaro Tribe.I.O.R.AL, Chambersburg-,Pa., with twenty Indians in costume. Golden Rod Council,No.52,Jr.O.U.A.U., Leitersburg,Pa. Knights Golden Eagle, Waynesboro,Pa. P.O.S.of A.,of Quincy.Pa. •P.O.S.of A.,of Rouzerville,Pa. Uncas Tribe.I.O.R.M., Waynesboro,Pa. After passmg over the route of parade.Governors Hastings and Lowndes,and their parties,were driven to the reviewing stand in Center Square,from which they reviewed the parade. In a few well chosen words.Dr.A.H.Strickler in-Governor Hastings speaks. troduced Governor Hastings,who said in j^art : "Ladies and Gentlemen :I am sorry that I am com- pelled,by reason of official duties,to leave in the midst of your celebration in order to return to the Capital of < CELEBRATING THE CENTENNIAL.343 the State.1jut before I leave you I cannot resist the chapter xiv. temptation to express mv pleasure that I have this day^ . i.^i ^J Governor Hastings' been with you.address. '"First of all,I want to express my gratification,and, on behalf of our own Commonweath of Pennsylvania,to extend the hand of friendship and welcome to the Gov- ernor of the State of Alaryland.I am glad to see the red and white mingling with the orange and black of Maryland.I am glad to see many of the citizens of our sister State here.When William Penn came to establish his domain,he moved as far north as he could,and when he came to the southern boundary,he took all that he thought was valuable between the Ohio and the Atlantic Ocean,not setting much value on the sands of New Jer- sey.If he were alive he w'ould probably extend his bor- der into \\'estern Ohio,so future Pennsylvania genera- tions might get a chance at furnishing more presidential material.He went as far South :is his Quaker conscience would permit him to go,and he took all the land that now comprises the State of Delaware and gave it back. Had he pushed into Maryland,I am sure he would have secured many good qualities,and would have benefited greatly in statesmanship and in many other ways.We look back at a century and a quarter of our own existence, and I take this occasion to inform you that of all the republics ever formed in modern or ancient times,this is the only one that has withstood the shock of ages. "In the future we hope that we will not have to depend upon standing armies.We will depend upon the moral and intellectual development of our people.\\'e wdll de- pend upon the care and judgment you wdll exercise in selecting those who represent you at Harrisburg and Washington.You are responsible for what your repre- sentatives do in the capitals of the State and nation.I do not believe that this country should be the dumping ground of all the ^ice and crime of other nations of the earth.Those who are qualified by nature and education should not be excluded from our shores,but those who do come should be qualified for American citizenship. "I hope that the lesson of this celebration may sink deep into your hearts,and will maintain your ambition, 344 WAYNKSBORO. CHAPTER XIV. Governor Lowndes speaks. and i hope }oiir prosperity may continue in the futm-e as it has done in the past." Governor Lowndes followed the chief executive of Pennsylvania.His words were in a happy vein,being loudly applauded as he referred to the pleasant relations which existed between the sister States,Maryland and Pennsylvania. These few brief remarks are taken from his address : "Ladies and Gentlemen :Had Lord Baltimore extend- ed his boundaries farther North,this beautiful town and these majestic mountains would have belonged to Mary- land in place of Pennsylvania,and I would have been the host of your governor instead of l)eing his guest.I am glad to be your guest to-day,and I wish to congratulate you upon your past and to wish you success in the future. "Your town of Waynesboro is named after General Wayne.It was he who followed Washington at Mon- mouth and Brandywine;he who stormed Stony Point, leading the troops to victory there,and.when Washing- ton was planning to take that point,and there was some danger in taking it,it was General Wayne who said to Washington:'I will storm h —1 itself if you so order.' "I am glad Maryland is here,and now my friends in Pennsylvania,my friends of Waynesboro and Franklin county,my wish,my hope and prayer is,may peace be your constant visitor in this town and valley,and that prosperity and plenty may always dwell in every home of vours." Bicycle parade. A reception for Governor Lowndes and his party was held at the Leland Hotel after the speaking.Later they were driven to the Buena Vista Spring Hotel,where they spent the night. A pleasing feature of W'ednesday's program was the bicycle parade in the evening.There were about one hundred wheels in line.Some were very ])retti1v dec- orated,and there were several exhibitions of expert rid- CELEBRATING THE CENTENNIAL.345 ing.J.F.Geiser was the chief marshal,and the parade chapter xiv. passed over the foHowing"route: Form at east end of Main street ;out Main street to Franklin,to North,to Broad street,to Second street,to Leitersburg"street,to North street,to Mechanic street, to Church street,to Third street,to Broad street,to Main street,to Music Hall and disband. Another taking-feature of Wednesday evening's per-„.,,„^o .'!s 1 Rinejfold Band formance was the concert ])v the famous Ringgold Band.'^°"^^'"'^- of Reading.This concert was given in Centennial Music Hall,before an audience which crowded the large audi- torium,and were delightfully entertained for several hours.The following program was rendered : 1.Grand March—"Taunhauser.",.Wagner 2.Overture —"William Tell,"Rossini 3.Waltz—"Vision,"Waldlenjel 4.Concerto —Clarionet Solo Weber Mr.Theo.A.Breedy. 5.Descriptive Fantasie —"Sunrise iu Summer,"Thiere 6.Overture—"Morning,Noon and Night,"Suppe 7.Trombone Solo—•'The Tear,"Arr.by Lieut.Winter Mr.Harry Morgan. 8.Idyll —" Forge in the Forest,"(Description),Michaelis 9.Selection—"Bohemian Girl,"Balfe 10."Ballet Music AND Soldier's March,"Rossini 11.Grand Selection —"Trovatore,"Verdi 12.M.A.RCH —"Je Langer,Je Lieber,"Arr.hy Lieut.Winter 13."StarSpangled Banner," This day was set aside for the firemen's contests and septenvbe/snd. the^rand trades display. IVIain street between the Academy of Music and the Washington Hotel was scraped and roped off for the fire- men's contests which took place at ten o'clock.The Firemen's contest. run was for two hundred and fifty yards,from the academy to the \\'ashington Hotel.The companies in the contest were :^\'estern Enterprise,Hagerstown ; Martinsburg Fire Company,Alartinsburg,\\'.\'a.,An- tietam Fire Company.Hagerstown ;First Hose Com- (21) 546 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XIV.pany,Hagerstown ;In(lei)endent Jr.Hose Company, Hag-erstown. The judges were:Alaj.James P.Lowell,Thomas Ship- ley and G.A.Anderson.Timers :J.F.Geiser.James B. Raby.T.A.Butree.The run was with a reel to the plug near tlie postoffice,where a connection was made and a nozzle attached fifty feet further ahead,time beine taken from the crack of the revolver for the start until the connected nozzle touched the ground. The time was made as follows:Independent Juniors. Hagerstown,thirty-nine and three-fifth seconds;First Hose Company,Hagerstown,forty and nine-twentieth seconds;Antietam Fire Company,Hagerstown,forty- three and one-twentieth seconds;Western Enterprise Company,Hagerstown,forty-five and one-fifth seconds; Martinsburg Fire Company,forty-five and seven-tenth seconds. Trades display. Judges. The crowning success of the centennial was reserved for the final day,and most successfully did it bear testi- mony to the zeal and efi:"ort put forth by Waynesboro people and business men to make the trades display,the one purely local feature of the great event,the most elaborate business representation ever witnessed in this section of Pennsylvania.No expense or trouble was spared in the construction of floats,and every one in line was a marvel in originality of design and beauty of con- struction.Thirty-five passed in review,and each in turn was accorded its lil^eral share of applause and comment. The following gentlemen from neighboring towns,act- ed as judges of the best representative and most beautiful float in line:F.E.Hollar,Shippensburg ;Hon.\\".C. Kreps,Greencastle ;Capt.W.H.H.Mackey,Chaml)ers- burg;Henry Spangler,Mercersburg;J.L.Motter,\\il- h'am sport,Md. The American Manufacturing Compan}-were first in CELEBRATING THE CENTENNIAL.347 line,and represented their different lines of business with chaptek xiv. three floats.A pavilion,five by ten feet,one storv in American Mlg.Co. height,beautifully painted and ornamented in the cen- tennial colors,represented the contracting department. Sixty cook stove driers were stacked on the second float, and the third advertised lumber and Imilders'supplies. Frick Company's directors rode at the head of the dis-^"'''^'^°- play.An ice machine in operation was the feature of the exhibit,and elicited liberal applause along the entire hne. The other machinery in line was one Landis separator and three traction engines.The Waynesboro Cornet Band followed the directors'carriages,and in their wake came the office force and about four hundred and fifty employees from the different departments of the works. The Citizen's Band,of Chaml^ersburg.marched at the ^"^'^''^ head of the three hundred employees of the Cumberland Valley Railroad shops at Chambersburg.The Old Pioneer locomotive,built by Samuel \\'ilmarth,of Bos-j-^j ton,and one of the first used by the company,was drawn on a truck by two of Frick Company's traction engines. The employees were uniformed in white caps with blue ribbons with C.V.R.R.in gold thereon,and all earned lanterns. Among the floats deserving of special mention was the Allegorical Tableau Car which was placed in line by the Western Maryland Railroad Company.The float was designed from special drawings made by Mr.George A.Gardner,of Baltimore,who has had a wide experience in this particular line of w^ork.The work w\as done en- tirely by men in the employ of the company in the shops at Union Bridge.The allegorical features of the car were direct representations of the rapid development and progress of the transportation facilities of the Western Maryland system.Agriculture,science,mechanics and commerce were represented by four young ladies seated on pedestals at the four corners of the float,the four sub- 348 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XIV. Geiser Mfg.Com- pany. Smith Mfg.Com- pany. jects being figuratively exemplified,respectively,by a sheaf of wheat,telegraph instrument,cog-wheel and ship, each piece being held in the hand of one of the voung ladies.The sides of the float were surmounted hx the State emblems of Maryland.Pennsylvania,Virginia and West Virginia,and on the top was neatly constructed a miniature representation of High Rock.In every re- spect the float was a beauty and one of the finest in the line of parade. The Geiser Manufacturing Company placed in line a display which,including"the em])loyees who marched, covered a space of about one-fourth of a mile.A huge chariot,sixteen feet high and eighteen feet in length, advertised the saw mill and thresher departments.Saws, shaped from wood,formed ends for a cylindrical figure which was tastefully draped in red,white and blue bunt- ing.Miss Grace Lowell,as Goddess of Liberty,sat in a Roman chair and held in her right hand the banner of the company.The whole was drawn by four white horses abreast,these being led by men in oriental costumes. The original separator built by Peter Geiser,was an in- teresting feature of the exhibit.Several engines and separators,including the strawburning engine lately in- \ente(l by Mr.G.A.Anderson,Avere in line.The dis- play,as a whole,was well gotten up,and was an excellent representation of the great enterprise at the East End. The Smith Manufacturing Company had one of the largest displays in line,and e\'ery branch of the business was well advertised.Twelve designs of fence,three series of stock troughs,one standard swing,in which a number of fairy-like little girls were enjoying themselves, two designs in tree guards,sidewalk grating and window guards,made up the lines rei)resented.The whole show- ed that much time antl labor had been expended in its get up. C.E.Besore.the Centre Scjuare dry goods merchant. CELEBRATING THE CENTENMAE.349 had a design for his float most novel in every respect,chapter xiv. Three snow white swans drew a huge shell on a lake,in ^^„*C.E.Besore. which were water lilies,swamp grass and cat-tails most naturally on e\'ery side.The flojit was drawn by four white horses abreast,a jockey in satin costume walking at the head of each horse.Miss Henry,attired in fairy costume,drove the swans with satin reins. Mr.C.L.Walter,proprietor of Silver Spring Dairy,r.l.waiter, was credited with having one of the most unique designs of the display.His Jersey herd has for years been famed He had several beauties from this herd on a huge float; a pen containing several Chester White hogs being in- cluded in the live stock exhibit. Good Brothers constructed two elaliorate floats,one Good Brothers, being a huge white swan on a base of pure white cotton. The whole was surrounded by a bevy of pretty girls in white.The second float was a representation of the car- pet,curtain and oil cloth department of their extensi\e business emporium on West Main street.This was in the form of an open house <iver which was a roof formed of chenille table covers and portieres draped from the apex to the four corners.The pillars were covered with brussels carpet of various designs. The shoe,hat and gents'furnishing house of B.H.^"•f'oreinan & =*="Co. Foreman &Company struck a popular chord in figur- atively representing the "Old woman who lived in a shoe."A huge shoe twelve feet long,seven and one- half feet high and four and one-half feet in width was oc- cupied by ten little girls and boys.This was surrounded by drapery and bunting,making a most striking effect. Different lines of the business were advertised on the float,and the combination was one of the most attractive and popular of the entire display. T.B.Smith a(hertised his Keating bicycles,stationery ^^g^^^.^^ and line of musical instruments in a very prettily designed float graced by a number of children in costumes repre- 350 WAYNESBORO. CHAPTER XIV.senting the dress of our forefathers one hundred years ag'o.One little fellow,with curly locks of golden hair fallino-over his shoulders,acted as a musical director, and instructed a class in the art of playing the violin. Four wheelmen in jockey costumes,advertised the fam- ous Keating wheel,for which Air.Smith is the agent. Rohrer &Rinehart.^^^^hardware cstablsliment of Rohrer &Rinehart was represented by a f^oat made up of an oblong base, three feet in height,seven feet long and four and one-half feet wide.This was surmounted by a huge star,measur- ing five feet from tip to tip.The whole was fifteen feet in height.The sides were tastefully draped in centennial colors.The star and base were covered with l)lack,over which was arranged a line of tools and everything carried in a first-class hardware store.Scissors,spoons and bread knives formed one side of the star,while saddlery hardware formed the display on the base.Driving bits and dog collars formed the year eighteen hundred and ninety-seven.Many different designs were formed from buckles,ivory martingales and rein carriers.Plush and eoat robes added a finish to the float which was not sur- passed by any in the line. Pyrotechnic dis-y\^Q displav of fircworks in the evening was a most play.' fitting close to the remarkable program of the day.It took place on Wayne Hill,in full view of the entire town and surrounding country.An expert was present from the city and had charge of the work.Thousands of rockets and Roman candles formed a continuous blaze of lig-ht,while at intervals different designs,in outlines of fire,were sent into the sky.Of these the one most be- fitting the occasion pictured the years seventeen hundred and ninety-seven and eighteen hundred and ninety-seven. The display was witnessed by thousands and will be long remembered as one of the most pleasing features of the week's list of attractions. < X z H H z u 352 CHAPTER XIV. Centennial Music Hall. Decorations, WAYNESBORO. When the literary and nuisic committees were con- fronted with the problem of secnring a place in which to hold these exercises,it was fonnd that no suitable place was available.The plan of constructing a large audi- torium was adopted,and a movement was at once in- augurated towards securing such a Ijuilding.The scheme met with general approval,and contractor,D. W.Hess,was instructed to push the work as rapidly as possible.The building measured ninety by one hundred and fifty feet,the sides being of rough boards,with win- dows about three feet from the floor.A canvas roof covered the structure,and at one end was a stage sui^- ciently large to seat two hundred persons. The floor space had a seating capacity of two thousand. The question of securing chairs was happily solved by the Cumberland Valley Railroad Company,the Reformed, Presbyterian and Lutheran congregations,and the Town Council,who furnished the chairs.The Cumberland A^alley people hauled about five hundred from AA'illiams Grove,and allowed the association to have the use of them free for the week.The remainder of the chairs was furnished from the lecture rooms of the different churches and the Academy of Music.The revenue,se- cured from concerts of different natures held in the hall, was sufficient to defray a greater part of the expense entailed in the construction of the building. Bunting and a sea of electric lights of a variety of shades,early in the week ]:)revious to the Centennial, transformed the pul)lic and ])ri\-ate buildings along the principal streets into walks of ever changing color and dazzling brilliancy,which formed a scene of grandeur which was beyond the power of pen to picture.Dec- orators from the large cities were hard at work for a week [)re^ious,their crowning work being in the erection of the large Triumphal Arch in Center Sqtiare.All public CELEBRATING THE CENTENNIAL.353 buildings and many private homes were beautifully dec-chapter xiv. orated in centennial and the national colors.A majority of the business men added extra electric lights to their store rooms and fronts,thus begetting a glare of color that produced a striking efYect after night fall.\'isitors from afar pronounced the decorative feature,as a whole, the finest they had seen on a like occasion in many years. A museum was one of the features necessary in the musmm'.'^^ celebration of an event of so great importance as the cen- tury mark of a town's history,and,under the supervision of Mr.J.B.Long,a great success was scored along this line.In making up his committee,Air.Long selected a numl)er of ladies,and so zealously and untiringly did every member of the committee work that in the short space of four days an exhibit was arranged the propor- tions of which were astonishing even to those who had the work in charge. The room used as a seat factory by Mr.\\'.W.Frantz, corner of West IMain and Grant streets,was secured,and was rapidly transformed into a place well suited to the purpose.Show cases were provided for small articles, wdiile larger relics were placed in the open.An admis- sion of ten cents for adults and five cents for children was decided upon,as that would be within the reach of all,and,at the same time,add materially toward defray- ing expenses. The exhibits numbered almost five hundred,there being great diversity as to the size of the different ar- ticles.These were contributed by about one hundred and twenty-five exhibitors.A chief feature of the museum was the cabinet contributed by Mrs.Mary Brotherton,containing the gorgeous war outfit pre- sented by Sitting Bull,the Sioux chief,to her husband, the late Col.D.H.Brotherton of this ])lacc.Another 354 CHAPTER XIV. Thursday evening, August 26th. A centenarian. Final praise ser- vice. WAVXESBORO. Striking"feature was the magnificent exhibit of taxidermy by Mr.Jacob S.Lesher. When e\-ery thing was in readiness,the museum was thrown open to the pul)hc.Steady streams of people poured in and spent hours viewing the most interesting sight.The central figure in the museum was an ex- hibit in flesh and blood, in the person of Abram Staley,of New Balti- more,Franklin county, who had passed the cen- turv mark and was near- ing his one bunded and fourth birthday.Father Staley was dressed in a Continental c o s t u m e, and sat in an armchair before an antique fire- ])lace almost as old as himself.His health was good,and he took pleas- ure in answering the many questions that were asked by the hundreds who took him l)y the hand each day.This was the most novel feature of the museum,and served to attract a large num- l)er of those who visited the exhibit.The aged man stood the ordeal remarkably well,and seemed none the worse for having gone through the excitement. That the Centennial was a grand success was acknow- ledged and heralded abroad by every individual who was present to enjoy the one-hundredth birthday of the town. This gratifving end was not attained without the contri- bution of time,energy and expense by the community as Abram .Staley. CEI.EBRATING THE CENTENNIAL.355 a whole,and by a number of persons whose efforts are chapter xiv. thrice worthy of thanks and commendation. The praise service and thank offering held in the Cen-sSmbeTTth."' tennial Music Hall was the outcome of a sentiment which was manifested unanimously in favor of showingf p-ratitude in some marked way to those who had made the Cen- tennial what it was. About two thousand persons were in attendance,and joined heartily in the evening's exercises.The Cen- tennial chorus,led by Rev.C.H.Coon,and accompanied by the Philharmonic orchestra,furnished the music for the evening.Rev.Coon presided,and,after prayer by Rev.Rheuark.pastor of the Methodist church,of Hedges- ville,Virginia,Dr.E.A.Hering,of Harrisonburg.Vir- ginia,made the opening address.Others who followed were Rev.E.O.Keen and Rev.Ji^dius vSeebach.Rev. C.H.Coon,in a happy speech,cangratulated the people of \\^aynesboro upon the great success of the Cen- tennial,remarking upon the great changes which have taken place since his own boyhood days,and carry- ing his hearers forward one hundred years,when Waynes- boro,should her past progress and success along differ- ent lines accompany her.would be almost boundless in limits and population.His remarks were brought to a 1 !_•••<r.iir ^1 I'A vote of thanks. close by proposmg a rismg vote of thanks from the audi- ence to the Executive Committee of the Centennial Asso- ciation.A rising vote of thanks to the press was also proposed by Rev.Coon,and heartily concurred in by the audience.At the suggestion of Rev.C.V.Hartzell,the entire audience,by rising vote,tendered their thanks and sympathy to X.Bruce Martin,Esq.,who was an inde- fatigable worker for the success of the Centennial,and was suddenly stricken down by sickness upon the eve of the great event.The audience tendered a vote of thanks to the choir for its valuable services,and,through Dr.A.H.Strickler,thanked Rev.Coon,to whose tire- 356 CHAPTER XIV. Prizes awarded. f'ivic parade prizes. WAYNESBORO. less efforts were due the comfort of the mammoth Music Hall and the dift'erent high grade musical programs and concerts which were held there during the week.The meeting Avas brought to a close with the benediction, which was pronounced by Rev.C.V.Hartzell,of the Alethodist Episcopal church. The following prizes were awarded for excellence of representation,et cetera,in the several days'demonstra- tions : The prizes for AA'ednesday's civic parade were awarded as follows : For the largest number of uniformed men.including band or drum corps,in line,first prize,fifty dollars,to the First Hose Company,Hagerstown,which had ninety- one men in the parade:second prize,twenty-five dollars. Col.P.B.Housmun Post,Chambersburg. For the military,fraternal or secret organization mak- ing the best appearance,first prize,twenty-five dollars, to Cumberland Valley Commandery,K.G.E.,Mechanics- burg :honorable mention to Douglas National Guards, Hagerstown. For the best drilled military,fraternal or secret organ- ization,first prize,fifty dollars,to Douglas National Guards.Hagerstown ;honorable mention to Company C, N.G.P..Chambersburg. For the best drilled fire company,first prize,twenty- five dollars,to the Hanover company. Bicycle parade prizes. The following prizes were awarded for Wednesday's bicycle parade : Fanciest wheel,first prize,Hickok Bicycle Company, Harrisburg,for wheel sixteen feet high :fanciest cos- tumed rider,first prize,Lauren Treichler,Waynesboro; second prize,j\Iiss Grace Mowen,Brooklyn :third prize. l\ussell Mowen.,Brookh-n. Prizes in firemen's contest. CELEBRATING THE CENTENNIAL.357 In the firemen's contest,the following prizes were chapter xiv. awarded : The prize of one hundred dollars was awarded to the Independent Junior Company,Hagerstown ;second prize,fifty dollars,was awarded to the First Hose Com- pany,Hagerstown. The Empire Hook and Ladder Company,of Carlisle, was the oiily entry in this contest.They made the two hundred and fifty yards run and put a man to the top of a twenty-five feet ladder in fifty-two and three-fourth sec- onds.They were awarded the prize of seventy-five dol- lars by the judges. The following prizes were awarded for excellence in Prizes in trades *^^ display. trades display: First prize,Mentzer &Clugston :second prize.Good Brothers ;third prize,C.E.Besore ;fourth prize,Forth- man &Miller,fifth prize,T.B.Smith. The compiler of the Waynesboro history desires here Acknowledgment. to make special acknowledgments to N.Bruce Martin, the editor of the "Zephyr"and "Gazette,"for his kind- ness in permitting the free use <jf the valuable informa- tion contained in his "Souvenir of Waynesboro's Cen- tennial."It has been largely drawn upon in the com- pilation of the chapter "Celebrating the Centennial." o cc O GQ CO LU z >< > cc o I- co X 1^ 00 z O I-< oo 05 CO< < z z LU h-z LU o b cc o 00 CO LU z >< <S UJ <>t- UJ o -h-o s §* It i =5 i^if s=-; f i i o i -'iOX\jtx ^4 »<»»»»>*»»»*»»»»»»»4»»»»»<4 * /797.4 I /S97. OFFICIAL PKOGRAMMi:I n -OF THE .-^^H« » H « ^entennwl Celebration n g OF WAYNESBORO,PENN'A.,H H ___H 5ept.1 &2 '97 1.0.0.P Sciui-Ceiitcnnial Aiuj.31. H OFFICERS OF CENTENNIAL ASSOCIATION: g J.H.Stoner,President.W.T.Omwake,V-President.E.W.Gardner,SecV-« H J.J.Miller,Treasurer. H«EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: «SAMUEL HOEFLICH,FINANCE.S.CU N Nl NGH AM,literary EXERCISES.JJ W J.C.JACOBS,ADVERTISING.VAL SMITH,TRADES DISPLAY.« n N B.MARTIN,invitation.J.M.WOLFF,civic parade.g JJ G B.BEAVER,TRANSPORTATION.J.B.RABY,HISTORICAL.tt tl DR A.H.STRICKLER,rfception.J.B.LONG,museum.g tZ J R RUTHRAUFF,ENTERTAINMENT.S.WIENER,SPECIAL attractions.a n I.E.YOST,program.D.M.GOOD,fire v^orks.g tl J.H.DEARDORFF,MUSIC.T.B.SM ITH,decorations.g Official f^rogram. Sunday,Auffust 29th. 10:30 A.M.Historical sermons in local churches b}'the pastors. 7:30 P.M.Centennial Service of Song—Chorus,Choir of 200 voices ; brief addresses by pastors,in the new Centennial Music Hall.Rev.F.F.Bahner presiding. Monday,AiKjnst 30th. 8:00 p.M.In Centennial Music Hall,Grand Concert by a selected chorus of 200 voices,assisted by full orchestra,under the direction of Rev.Charles H.Coon,of Philadelphia. Words of welcome by presiding officer.Dr.A.H.Strick- ler.Response by B.H.Mosser,of Chambersburg. Tuesday,August 31st. Celebration of Semi-Centennial Anniversary of Waynes- boro Lodge.No.219,I.O.O.F. Wednesday,Sept,l»t, ^Q -J AM Ringing of the bells and blowing of whistles. 7:30 to Receiving arriving organizations and escorting them to 10:30 A.M.their respective headquarters. 11 C\r\A Kh Unveiling of Soldiers Memorial Monument,erected byIi.uu M.IVI.Woman's Relief Corps,in Burns Hill Cemetery with the following exercises :Prayer,Rev.F.F.Bahner';Address, Mrs.Abbie Lynch ;Cornet Solo ;Address.Hon.John Stew- art,of Chambersburg ;Music;Benediction,Rev.Herman S.Cook. 'PS .."Luncheon served to visiting organizations. to 1 P.M. 1:30 P.M.Grand Civic Parade of Military Companies,Secret and~^"^Fraternal Organizations,Fire Companies,etc.,including exhibition and fancy drill ;Maj.John M.Wolff,Chief Mar- shal. Route of Parade :Form in four divisions at West End; parade to move down Main St.to Clayton Ave.,to Second St.,to Broad St.,to Third St..to Church St.,to Main St., counter-march on Main St.to Grant St.,to Gay St.,to Franklin St.,to North St.,to Leitersburg St.,to Main St., counter-march on Main St.,to Mechanic St.,to North St., to Broad St.,to Main St.and out Main St.to West End and disband. 4"00 P.M.Addresses by Gov.Daniel H.Hastings,of Pennsylvania,—'''—and Gov.Lloyd Lowndes,of Maryland.Introductory ad- dresses by Hon.T.M.Mahou,of Chambersburg,and Hon. C.A.L'ttle,of Hagerstown.Poem by Col.Smith D.Fr^-, of Washington,D.C. 7-00 P.M.Bicycle Parade—three divisions.J.F.Geiser.Chief Mar-—'''" shal.Route of Parade : —Form at East End of Main St.,out Main St.to Franklin St.,to North St.,to Broad St..to Second St.,to Leitersburg St.,to North St.,to Mechanic St.,to Church St.,to Third St.,to Broad St.,to Main St , to Music Hall and disband. 8-30 P M Concert by Ringgold Band in Centennial Music Hall. (22) Thursday,Sept.2d. 9:00 A.M.Firemen's Contest;eight companies participating.Run as follows :From Town Hall to water plug opposite Hotel Washington. 1:30 P.M.Grand Trades Dispi^ay —Thomas Shipley,Chief Mar- shal.Route : —Form on South Leitersburg and adjacent Sts.,in three divisions ;move up Third St.to Broad St.,to Second St.,to Clayton Avenue,to Main St.,to Franklin St , to North St ,to Broad St.,to Second St.,to Leitersburg St., to North St.,to Grant St.,to Gay St.,to Franklin St.,to Main St.and disband. 8:00 P.M. Daily. Magnificent Display of Fire Works,from Wayne Square.This program includes 36 pieces and will be under the direction of a city expert,which guarantees their best effect.It will far exceed any display of the kind ever wit- nessed in this valley. Centennial Museum,West Main St..corner of Grant Street.Open daily from 7 a.m.to 11.30 p.m.from Tues- day,August 24th to September 3d. EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS, CHAPTER 1. LAND TITLES. The tribes whicli composed the Six Nations were:the Mohawks NOTES. (Gun Lock):Oneidas (Stone Pipe-makers);Onondagoes (On top chapter i. of hillj;Cayugas,(Lake Qiieuque);Senecas (Mountaineers);and the j^-^ Tuscaroras.The general Lidian name for the Six Nations was Aquanoschioni.By the Delaware Indians they were called the Men-'^'^^^^^"^ give;by the Dutch,Maqueas;by the English,Mingoes;and by the '^'''"''*"''^'-'^-'^' French,Iroquois.—Heckzvelder.tidiis. Text page 26. Pepper Rents. Pepper,or the pepper corn,was used in very early times as a valu-Note 2. able medium of exchange. In an interesting paper,entitled "The Influence of Drugs upon History and Civilization,"read at the annual meeting of the Penn- sylvania Pharmaceutical Association (i8g8)by Professor C.R.Lowe, of Philadelphia,the following quotation to the point is made: So highly esteemed was it (pepper),during the middle ages, that the desire to possess it led to the institution of the so-called 'pepper rents,'when,in addition to the regular rental,the tenant was obliged to pay a pound of pepper at stated times. Since the matter relative to Colonel Chambers'exploit with the "^' Marylanders was written,the author has read with a great deal of Text page 32. pleasure the article read before the Kittochtinny historical society by Lowther Manor. George O.Selheimer,Esq.,in which he also reviews this little escapade of Colonel Chambers,and gives some interesting additional facts in connection therewith.It may appear to be a little ill-natured to take exception to so excellent a paper as that of Mr.Selheimer, but he has,inadvertently most likely,stated that the bounds of Lowther Manor are not well defined.Mr.Selheimer has,undoubted- ly,forgotten the bounds of Lowther Manor are well defined,and no portion of the present Franklin county was ever included within their limits.It is error to say that Cedar creek is another name for the Falling spring;Cedar creek is a well known stream in the lower end of Cumberland county,and within the original bounds of Lowther Manor. The dispute which was settled by the running of Mason and Dixon's Note 4. line arose from a lack of knowledge of the extent and location of xext page :u. the land.The boundary monuments which were set up to mark the u^y^jg ^vmn- line after it was determined,should be sacred to every Pennsylvanian.ments. They are the silent memorials which mark the settlement of a long continued controversy,and their removal or destruction may precipi- 366 WAYNESBORO. NOTES.tate as serious a controversy for those who are to come after us.It is to be regretted that many of these monuments have been already destroyed.Let the common sense and patriotism of the people pre- serve those which remain. Note 5. Text page 40. Survey notes. Following is the record of the observations made on September 7th,1765;as taken from the notes of Mason and Dixon: Plane of the Sector E.\st. 1765- EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS. account of which is published in the first volume of the transactions of the Philosophical Society.The telescope was afterwards used by the commissioners appointed to survey the boundary lines between Pennsylvania and the States of Maryland,Virginia and New York. It was a Gregorian reflector,two feet focal length,with a DoUond micrometer. For long years this relic was preserved in the State Library,but just prior to the destruction of the main capitol building,for some unexplained reason,it was carelessly taken from its position in the new library building back to the basement of the main building, where it was wholly destroyed by fire,February 2,1897.This is only another instance of the utter carelessness manifested by the State of Pennsylvania in the preservation of her archives and relics. 367 NOTES. CHAPTER II. COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP BOUNDARIES. Commissioners to run the division line between Chester and the CHAPTER II. proposed new county of Lancaster were:Henry Hayes,Samuel Nutt,^^,g Samuel Hollingsworth,Philip Taylor,EHsha Gatchel.James James,Text page 50. John Wright,Tobias Hendricks,Samuel Blunston,Andrew Cornish,Commissioners to Thomas Edwards and John Musgrove,with John Taylor,surveyor.^''^''t Lancaster Co. Protest of Lurgan tov»mship against the division of Cumberland county: To the Honourable the Representative of the Freemen of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, August,1784. The Petition of the Inhabitants of the Township of Lurgan in the County of Cumberland humbly sheweth. That by the Bill published for Consideration by the Honour- able House at the last Sitting your Petitioners apprehend a Divi- sion of the said County will take place at your present Sitting; and conceiving ourselves deeply interested in the said Division, we beg leave to address you on that Subject,in which we would Kote 9. humbly represent That we consider our Situation in respect of Text pase 56. Distance from Carlisle,the present Seat of Justice,not at all in- convenient,but that if by any Division of the County of Cumber- land,either in whole or part,we should be anexed to the new One to be struck off,instead of reaping any material Advantage there- from we would by such regulation,be subjected to the following Inconveniences,viz't.our Township would probably be thereby divided,the Militia Battalion,as also the Religious Society to which we belong would be separated and thrown into different Counties,and that social Intercourse requisite in these respects greatly obstructed,not to mention the Burden (repeated as to many of us),of our Part of the Expences of building another 368 WAYNKSBORO. NOTES. Lureran Township Petitioners. Court House and Prison,and this,as we apprehend,without any Advantage to ourselves to counterbalance such Expence.— Your Petitioners therefore humbly pray the Honourable House, that we may be still be included within the Bounds of the old County of Cumberland. And your Petitioners will pray &c. Sam'l.McShee, Gavin Morrow, George Right, Peter Katz, Wni.Linn, Thomas Barr^- James Millar, John Johnston, Wm.Irwin, David Herron, Arch'd.Mahan, James Reed, Low'd.Long, Wm.Young, Hugh Gibbs, Rich'd.Morrow, Tho's.Pumroy, Rob't.Watson, Charles Maclay, Will'm.Johnston, John Maclay, John White, John Right, David Dickson, Sam'l.Withrowe, Abraham Wear, Charles Maclay, James Peterson, Andrew Hemphill, Thomas Snodgrass, James McKibbin, Joseph McKean, John Watson, John Maclay, Jos.McKibben, Henrey Mahan, Sam.uel Dickson, Wm.Hunter, Archibald Johnston, Aron Wear, Wm.McComb, John Knox, Wm.Stair, Jan.Miller, Ben.Alworth, And'w.Alworth, Fra's.Grahams, John Strain, John Thomson, Rob't.Scott, Wm.Scott, Wm.McConnal, James Johnston, Sam.Walker, Thomas Barr,Jr.,— Hugh Teas, Wm.Turner, Jn'o.Snyder, Daniel Nevens, Jas.Brackinridge, Alex.Sterret, John Herron, James Herron, Wm.Herron, Thos.Mt.Gomery, Arch'd.Cambridge, Wm.Mt.Gomery, Sam'l.MtGomery, Conrad Fishburn, Sam.Cox, Sam'l.Crawford, Charles Morrow, Wm.Strain, Tho's.McComb, John McComb, Geo.Wear, John Reah, John Cummins, James Blair, An'dw.McFerron, Wm.McCune, Jnn.Brackinridge, James Clark, Jn's.Culbertson, John Blair, George Johnston, James Rea, Benjamin Johnston, EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.569 Alex.Crookshanks, Alex'dr.McCammont, Will'm.Abercrommey, Robert Johnston, Robt.Tate, Wm.Johnston, George Johnston, William Mitgard, Wm.Irwin, Ben Johnston. Thomas Parkston, Robt.Colwell. NOTES. Petition of the citizens of Chambers Town,in favor of the divi- sion of Cumberland County and of Chambers Town as the Seat of Justice for the new County to be formed: To the Honorable the Representatives of the Freemen of the State of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met.July Ses- sions —1784. The Petition of the Inhabitants of the Western end of Cum- berland County,Humbly Sheweth: That your Petitioners thinks it unnecessary to Repeat the Greivances they lie under on Account of the Division of the County not taking place before this time,the Necessity whereof will appear by adverting to our Petitions and Remonstrances now lying in the Honorable House.That the Bill for the Divi- sion as now Published for Consideration has not allowed us a Sufficient Boundary,it being only Twenty Six Miles from the Maryland line unto the Branch at Shippensburgh (the Present Boundary line),and thirty nine Miles from thence to Susque- hannah which is left for the Old County,Who have all their Buildings perfected.That in Justice the Boundary line should take in Shippensburgh and Hopewell Township,which will be a Mean of puting us in an Equality with the old County,and by no means Prejudicial.That We are Credibly informed of a num- ber of Designing and Prejudiced Men preparing Petitions in order to be preferred to the Honorable House,seting forth mat- ters of themselves absurd which will fully appear when pre- sented.That your Petitioners would farther pray to take the fixing of The Seat of Justice into your Serious Consideration and Nominate and afix the same in the most Suitable place and most conducive to the happiness of the Inhabitants.That any other plan or method will be atended with the utmost Con- fusion on account of Self-interested and designing Men who daily intermedle with such Matters,not thinking in the least for the Hapiness of the Community at large.That the Honorable House granting this our Petition,will Induce your PetitiontTS, as in duty bound.-will pray. Note 10. Text page 56. Jno.Rannells, John Johnston, Hugh Gibbs, James McCammont, John Ferguson, Benj'a.Chambers, Josiah Crawford, Jo's.Long, Chas.Wright, Alex'r.Stewart, Geo.Matthews, John McConnel, James McConnel, Jos.Chambers. Matt'w.Wilson. ^John Boggs, Pat'r.Campbell, Benj.Chambers,Jr., Chainbersljurgr Petitioners. 370 NOTES. WAYNESBORO. Note 11. Text page 57. Greencastle Petitioners. J.Talbot, John Reed, Will'm.Brotherton, Will'm.Long. Jo's.Chambers, John Scott. George Clingan, Frederick Foreman, -Samuel Royer, George Stoner, Patrick Campbell, Patrick Vance, John Brown, Jas.Moore.Sr., William McClelland, John McClelland, David Elder, Hugh Meek. Francis Elliot, John Moore, Wm.McDowell. Nat.McDowell, Wm.Piper, Richard Brownson, Oliver Brown, James Campbell, Thos.Campbell, John Calhoun, James Moore. Jno.Holliday, A.Holliday,' Sam"].Holiday, Robert Peoples, Jn.Crawford, Ed'w.Crawford, William Long, Anthony Snider. John Torn, James McClelland, Robert McClelland, George McClelland, Nathaniel Bryan. David Anderson, Archibald Elliot, Jas.Jamison, Wms.Chambers, William Young, Wm.Rannells, Joseph Armstrong, James Brotherton, Geo.Armstrong, Thomas Kincaid, James Watt. George Mcllroy, James Hamilton, James Jack. Jas.Young. Anthony Cobert, Wm.McClelland. John Holiday. Robt..Snider,Jr., Wm.Carty. Saml.Purviance. William Campbell. James Long, Thos.McKean. The petition setting forth the claims of Green Castle for prefer- ment as the Seat of Justice of the new County of Franklin is quoted about in full in the body of the text.These petitions were scattered broad-cast over the County of Cumberland and were numerously signed.The signers to the one in the possession of the writer are as follows: John Marshel, Robert McCulloch, John Thompson. Robt.Marshal, David Downey. Alex'r.Young.Jun'r.. James McCoy, Saml.Downey, James Davidson, John Halliday, ^^'illiam Speer, George McCrea, Thos.Kennedy, Robert Smith, Sam'l.McCune. Wm.McCune. Jno.Forrest, James McClosky, Francis Goflf, Jas.Elerenton. John McCune. WAYNESBORO.37 1 "The clause by way of a rider"which was appended to the bill N'OTES. creating Franklin County was merely a section making it obligatory on Cumberland County to make a settlement of revenues with Frank-.,^,„Note 12. Im County and to pay over to the new county the amount it was en- titled to receive when its share of the debts already incurred ^^^^^^^'' was paid. Here follow the written applications of Colonel Chambers and ^^^^^^ Lieu't.Crawford to the Supreme Executive Council of the State soliciting the appointment of Prothonotary for the proposed new "^^^^^^ county of Franklin: Green Spring Cumberland County June 26th 1782. Sir. I find at the last Sitting of Assembly their was an Act passed Chambers'Letter, for the Division of Cumberland County.Should that take place and a new County be formed,I now take the liberty of applying to your Excelency for the prothonotarys office.I am the more Encouraged to Request this favour of Your Excelency,as I know you to be well acquainted with the Sufferings of the Ofificers of the Army,who Continued so long in the Service of their Country as I have done. I entered the Service June 1775,first Captain in the first Regt. Ever Raised by Congress;about fifteen Months after was pro- moted to the Command of the Regt.and Continued in that Capacity to the last Arrangement of troops,the first of January 1781.The Situation of my family at that time induced me to retire.I had Served my Country Six Campaigns —and I think I may Sa}-—with some propriety—almost for nothing and found myself. My reason for Giving Such a detail of myself is,I was intro- duced to Your Excelency once in the Council Chamber,the only time I Ever had the Pleasure of Seeing you,therefore had not the Honr.of being numbered amongst Your Excelencys Ac- quaintance —-Though intimately Acquainted with Your Worthy Son,Majr.T.Moore. Your Excelencys Granting my Request Shall be Gratefully acknowledged,—by Sir Your Excelencys Most obedient and Most Humble Servant JAS.CHAMBERS. His Excelency Willni.Moore. To his Excellency the President,and Supreme Executive Coun- cil of the State of Pennsylvania, The petition of Lieut &Paymaster Edward Crawford of the Crawford Petition. 1st Regiment from Cumberland, Humbly Sheweth, That your petitioner entered the Service of his Country 372 WAYNESBORO. NOTES.at an early period and hath served until this time,he hopes,not without some degree of approbation,and as the Service is now become inactive,at least he has experienced it so for Some time past,and no prospect of its being other wise,he inclines to re- tire from it.Should this recommend him to your friendly notice, and grant him the Prothonotarys Office of the new County should a division of Cumberland seem proper by the Legislature of the State. he hopes by his conduct he will be able to merit the favor con- fer'd upon him,and he as in duty bound will pray, E.CRAWFORD. Philadelphia the 2gth August 1782. Note 14. Text page 63. The letter written by General Washington to Owen Biddle,Esq., the President of the Pennsylvania Board of War,in the interests of Col.James Chambers is as follows: Washington's Let- ter. Head Quarters Morris Town, April loth 1777. Sir, Col.Chambers,who has been omitted in the appointments lately made by your State expresses a good deal of uneasiness on account of it,and considers it as an implied reflection on his conduct.He thinks himself intitled to some explanation of the reasons for which he has been neglected,and wishes to know on what particular charge or imputation,his exclusion is founded. As I could give him no satisfaction in the matter myself,I have thought proper to refer it to you,and I should be glad to hear from you on the subject. I am Sir Your most obedient Servant Go.WASHINGTON. Addressed: Owen Biddle,Esqr. President of the Pennsylvania Board of War, Philadelphia. CHAPTER III.CHAPTER HI. EARLY SETTLERS. Note 15.The most prominent names of early settlers are the following: Te.xt page 67.Asher,Henry.Crooks,John, Besecker,Jacob,Downey,James, Brown Gustavus,Elms,William, Cochran,John,Ferree,John, EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.373 Foreman,Frederick, Hall,Henry, Hall,William, Hart,Richard, Holsinger,Jacob, Helfner,David, Johns,Abel, Jacobs,Martin, Jackson,John, Johnson,James, Legate,Michael, Liddell,Moses, Longenecker,Peter, McCrea,Samuel, McLanahan,John, McLanahan,Thomas, Moorhead,John, Makley,John, Martin,George, Mack,John, Nichols,Edward, Stoner,David, Stouffer,Andrew, Scott,John, Thomas,Henry, Wassel,Abraham, Whitehead,James, Wallace,John. NOTES. Settlers. The following is the list of taxables and freemen in the township ^'ote 16. of Antrim,which then embraced the territory now in Antrim.Wash-Text page 68. ington and Quincy townships,for the years 1751 and 1752.This list has been compiled from official sources,and has been heretofore printed in the histories of I,D.Rupp and I,H.M'Cauley: TAXABLES. Allison,William, Adams,Widow, Alexander,Joshua, Brown,Thomas, Batterly,Jacob, Brotherton,William, Chambers,John, Cassil,George, Clark,William, Cross,William, Coal,Joshua, Crunkleton,Joshua,Jr., Craul,Peter, Crunkleton,John, Dunbar,William, Davis,Thomas, Davies,John, Dutch,Henry, Duncan,David, Erwin,William, Erwin,Robert, Finley,James, Grimes,William, Gulp,Nicholas, Gyles,John, Galocher,Lorance, Grogan,Thomas, Gordon,George, Gabriel,Abraham, Harick,Paulus, Harkness,Robert, Hall,William, Harkness,Nathan, Hicks,Christian, Hamilton,Robert, Hoops,Adam, Jack,James, Johnston,James, Johnston,Peter, Kefort,Henry, Kerr,James, Kennedy,David, Leiper,Widow, Leiper,Peter, Leatherman,Katharine, Lauw Dietrich, Lilon,James, Long,Thomas, M'Gaw,William M'Faran,Samuel, Mitchell,John, M'Almory,William, Mearns,William, M'Lean,William, Martin,George, Monk,John, Moorhead,John, M'Math,John, Taxables, 374 NOTES. Freemen. Note 17. Text page 68. Taxables. M'Briar,William, M'Briar,David. M'Bride,James. M'Faran.Joshua, M'Clellan,David, M'Clanahan.James, M'Clellan.Hugh. M'Intire,Patrick. M'Clean,Arch., Monagh,Samuel, M'Clellan,William, Moor,John. M'Coon,John, M'Dowell,John, Miller,Alexander, M'Kee,James, M'Clarin,Patrick, Nichols,Edward, Nisbit,Thomas, Pisacker,Jacob, Patterson,Thomas, Pritchet,John, Poe,Thomas, Pauling,Henry, Potter,John, Paile.James, Patrick,William, Alexander,E., Cook,Alexander, Campbel,W., Gabriel,Jacob, Galocher,Hugh, Murray,Adam, M'Kee,Hugh. M'Coy,Daniel, WAYNESBORO. Pattro,James, Reynolds,John, Rankin.William, Ramsey.William, Ramsey.James, Roass.John, Ringer,Mathias, Roddy.Jos., Roal,John, Smith,Samuel, Scott,John, Southerland,Robert, Smith,John, Scott,James, Scott,Daniel, Staret,John, Stall,Henry, Snider,Jacob, Shanon,William, Snively,Jacob, Stoaner,John, Thomson,Katharine, Thomson,Anthony, Thomson,Moses, Walter,Joseph, Willocks.John, Wallace,John. FREEMEN. M'Cowan,Daniel, M'Gaughey,William, M'Gowan,James, Morgan,Joseph, Ross,James, Snively,John, White,Charles, Young,James. The following is the list of taxables and freemen in Washington township,which then included the present townships of Washington and Quincy,and Waynesboro,for the year 1786.This list has been compiled from the same sources,and is vouched for by the same authority as the list given in note two: Adams,Stophel. Baker,Peter, Burkit,David, Bonbreak,Dewalt, Blackley,William, T.\X.\BLES. Baker,David, Blackley,James, Beashover,Daniel. Bennidick.Elizabeth,(widow), Beaver,Nicholas, EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.375 Baker,Jacob. Baker,John, Boarbaugh,Philip. Baker,Peter,Sr., Bittinger,Nicholas, Burns,John, Breakner,Christian, Clapsaddle,Daniel, Cochran,John.Sr., Cochran,John,Jr., Chambers.Thomas, Crooks,John, Crooks,James, Cook,Michael, Cook,George, Cofman,Christian, Col'man,George, Carroll.Henry, Cook,Jacob, Ceese,Gasper, Clark.Isaac, Conningham,Robert, Cline,Casper, Downey.James, Dull,Peter, Dull,Joseph, Dull Stophel, Dutch,Henry, Dutch,David, Dewalt,Henry, Davison,Elias, Donnek^r,Jacob, Erwin,William, Erwin,John, Emmits.John. Flohere,Adam, Fox,Peter, Fore,Henry, Foreman,Frederick,Sr.. Flora,Abm., Frederick,Adam, Foreman.Fred'k.,Jr., Flood,Henry, Frederick,Jacob, Foglar,Christ., Fridley.Andrew, Fridley,Andrew,Jr., Funk,John, Fotteral,Laurence, Gantz.John. Gaff,John, Gibhard,Andrew, Gibhard,Henry, Grub,Christian, Heffner.Albert, Holsinger,Jacob, Holsinger,George, Hambleton,John. Horner,John,Sr., Howard.Frederick. Helms,Elizabeth, Horner,John,Jr., Horner,Fred'k., Horner,Abm., Henline,Gasper, Henlin,Cornelius. Helms,Michael, Hess,Jacob, Horn.John, Horn,Elias, Heffner,David, Helman,Daniel, Harshbarger,Samuel Helman,George, Hefner.Jacob, Hefner,Val., Haslet,John, Hollinger,Jacob, Jacob,Martin, Johnston,John, Leap,John, Lady.David, Longanacer,Peter, Long.John, Lickhart.Barnet, Loyd.Conrad, M'Coy,John, M'Culloch,John, Moorhead,James, Mack,Jacob, M'Crea,William, M'Crea,James, M'Clanahan,John, M'Coy.Daniel. M'Farren,Matthew, Millar,Henry. Man,Conrad,Jr., Man,Conrad,Sr., NOTES. 376 NOTES. WAYNESBORO. M'Farren.Henry, Minner,George, Mensor,Able, Mener,Joseph, Moore,James, Miller,John, M'Kissack,John, Mack,William, M'Anulty,James, Murphy,John, Mitsor,George, Money.Patrick, Miller,Christian, Mack,Alexander, Mosabeck,George, Mensor,David, Miller,John.Sr., Martspock,John, Merkle,Martin, Netor,Jacob, Nipper,Peter, Nipper,Abm., Nipper,Elizabeth, Newcomber,Peter, Nicholas,Joseph, Nicholas,William, Naugel,Jacob, Nicholas,John. Nicodemus.Fred'k. Nicodemus,Conrad, Ortenberger,Jacob, ^Okkel,George, Pechtal,Jacob, Penner,Peter, Pissaker,Jacob, Pissaker,Abm., Parks.John, Parks,James, Price.John, Potter,John. Potter,Simon, Prits.Adam, Price,Daniel, Price.Robert. Ridlesberger.John, Rock,George, Royer,Samuel, Rock,John, Rock,Henry. Rock,Fred'k., Richardson,Adam, Reed,Jacob, Sholly.Fred'k., Stover,Peter, Stoner,David, Stoner,Abraham, Shockey,Jacob, Shockey,Valentine, -^Swisher,Jacob, Snowbarger,Uly, Shambennon,Henry, Seecrist,Solomon, Snowbarger,Andrew, Snell,Henry, Stull,Ludwick, Scott,John, Stultz,Herman, Stoops.Mary, String,Simon, Stover,Michael, Sill,Samuel, Summers,Matthias, Swope.Peter, Still,John, Stitt,William, Seecrist,John, Stoops,Thomas, Smith,John, Smith.Adam, Stitt,Samuel, Sell.John, Shaver.William, Stoner,Henry, Taylor,John, Wallas,Thomas, Wallas.John, Wishard,James, Wishard,John, Wishard,Edward, Wagoner,Casper, Winterbarger,Jacob, Warts,Conrad, Welch,Caspar, Wickel,John, Welty,Jacob, Watson,James, Wagerman,Philip, Wagerman.Jacob, Willson,Samuel, Willson,James, EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.'^*?'-fJ// FREEMEN. Anderson,George, Beaker,George, -Bo£John, Beasor,David, Burket.David, Burket,Abm., Beaver,Anthony, Blackley,William, Burket,Samuel, Crooks,William, Coon,Henry, Crooks,James, Emmit,Peter, Fridley,John, Heap,Daniel, Horner,Daniel, Helms,Jacob, Joans,Dennice, Knop,Philip, Ludwick,George, Lady,Henry. Laiichaster,John, M'Coy,James, M'Colloch,James, Menner,John, Millar.Isaac, M'Clanahan,John, M'Cray,James, M'Coy,William, Nipper,Peter, Nicholson,John, Nicholson,William, Nipper.David, Nipper,Peter, Price,Jacob, Parks,David, Royer,Daniel, Snowberger,Durst. Stump,Jacob, Summers,Jacob, Scott,David, Stoops,Jas.. Scott,William, Stitt,James, Shockey,Abraham, Thomas,John, Thomas,Samuel, Will,Andrew, Wallace,John. NOTES. Freemen. CHAPTER IV.CHAPTER IV. The Wallace Family. THE PLANTING OF THE TOWN. The Wallace Family: John Wallace (the elder)was born in Scotland and died ;it his Note 18. home in Cumberland County,Pennsylvania.July ist,1777.He had Te.xt page vs. issue,sons and daughters,to wit: Samuel,b.October 10.1735. James,b.March 13,1740. Robert,b.January 9,1742. Sarah,b.December 20.1744;m.jNIcCoy. Thomas,b.April 19.1746. George,b.January 20,1752. John,b.February 16,1755 :d.May,181 1. Rebecca,b.January 13,1759. John Wallace,the grandson of John Wallace,the elder,some- times erroneously mentioned as the founder of Waynesboro,was the son of Thomas,and was born January 8th,1791.He married Esther Burns,sister of General James Burns,and had children:Esther. Thomas,Sarah and John.He died March 5th,1839. 378 WAYNESBORO. NOTES. Note 19. Text page 78. Proposals for a Town. John Wallace's proposal for laying out the town: Know all men by these presents that I John Wallace of the Twp.of Washington in the County of Franklin and State of Penna,yeoman have laid out part of my land into lots for a town on the Main Road from Greencastle to Nicholasses Gap in the County and State aforesaid.Whereas John Wallace then of Cumberland,now of Franklin Countj^and State aforesaid did hold a tract of land by virtue of two warrants granted by the pro- prietors of Penna.at their office in Philadelphia and dated the 1st day of March,1749,&the other the 23rd of August 1751,ex- ecuted and returned a Cording to law as by recourse to the land office will appear and whereas the said John Wallace before his decease did by his last will and Testament devise and bequeath a certain part of said tract of land unto his son Robert Wallace as will appear by reference to said Testament recorded in the office for Registery of wills in Carlisle Bearing date July 1777 and the said Robert Wallace by his deed bearing date the Qth of January 1779 Recorded in the office for Recording of deeds in Chambersburg for Franklin County May 30th 1786 in Book A p 264 did convey &transfer the said land unto George Wallace as reference to said deed will fully show and the said George Wallace by his deed bearing date the 26th day of February 17S6 Recorded the 30th of May 1786 in Book A p 263 did convey and transfer the same tract of land unto John Wallace the partie in this plan of the town or instrument of writing as by refer- ence to said George's Deed will fully appear,and whereas the aforesaid John Wallace hath laid out a part of said land along the Country Road leading from Green Castle to Baltimore threw said John Wallace's Town called Waynesburgh as this draft or plat will show.Now this present Plat and Instrument of writing witnesseth that the aforesaid John W'allace and pres- ent possessor of said Land and town thereon for and in con- sideration of the sum of five pounds specie per lot on the main street and six pounds five shillings specie per lot on the cross Roads the Receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged and himself herewith fully satisfied hath bargained &sold unto the holders of lots of said Town and by these presents doth bar- gain sell and alien and confirm grant release &enfoeff unto the holders of Lots of said town their heirs and assigns forever, together with all the right title interest clame or demend that he the said John Wallace his heirs executors administrators or any person or persons by through or under him hath or can have unto the said lots of ground or any of the appertainances thereunto Belonging excepting only one dollar of the United States or the value thereof in specie per lot yearly &every year forever payable to the said John Wallace his heirs and assigns forever for the said lots To have and to hold the afore- said lots of ground together with all and singular the reversions remainders rents and profits woods and under woods ways and waters benefits privileges and appurtenances any wise from or EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.379 any wise belonging unto the said lots except as before excepted,NOTES. which yearly ground rent is not to commence until]the said Wallace gets the office patten to the only proper use and benefit and behoof of the said Holders of lotts their heirs executors & administrators,doth covenant promise and agree by these pres- ents to and with the holders of Lotts and their heirs and assigns that he the said John Wallace his heirs executors and admin- istrators and each and every of them the aforesaid specified lotts of ground will warrant and further defend from all and every person or persons whatsoever laying any legal claim thereon and at any time hereafter execute any deed or assurance in law that may be necessary for the further security of said holder of lots their heirs or assigns for ever.In witness of Compliance to execute lawful deeds to the holders of lots in said Town of Waynesburgh the said John Wallace hath by this presents bound himself his heirs executors and administrators in the penal sum of one thousand pound specie for each lot in said plot of town of Waynesburg or to each holder of lots and from them and thenceforth this present Instrument of writing shall cease &de- termine otherwise shall be and stand in lull forces and virtue in law. In witness whereof the said John Wallace hath hereunto set his hand and seal the 29th day of December in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven. JOHN WALL.^CE, [Seal.] Signed sealed and delivered in presence of us. Jacob Stephens, Peter Hefleigh, David Soil. Acknowledged before Daniel Rover,J.P.,December 30,1797- Recorded at Chambersburg,Franklin county,in Record Book "B-4,"page 265.Entered of Record March 6,1798. List of lot holders and numbers of lots as laid out by John Wallace:Note 20. 1.IVIichael Corkery. 2.Jacob Stevens. 3. " 4.John Wilson. 5.John Burns. 6.Christian Cagy. 7.Jacob Wolf. 8.Michael Corkery. 9.Robert Buchanan. 10.James Morrhead. 11.Hans Gordon. 12. " n.David Shell. 14. " 15.Henry Fore. 16. " (23) 17.Henry Xicely. 18. " 19.John Yeter. .,„"" 20. 21.William Miner. 22.Patrick Mooney. 23.Hans Gordon. 24- 25.James Morrhead. 26.Vacant. 27.Hans Gordon. ^8.Adam Lenhart. 29. " 30.Michael Corkery. 31.Abraham Stoner. 32.John Wilson. Text page 80. Original lots and lot holders. 38o NOTES. WAYNESBORO. 33- 34- 35- 36. 37- 38. 39- 40. 41- 42. 43- 44. 45. 46. 47- 48. 49- 50. 51- 5-2- S3. 54- 55 56. 57. 58. 59- 60. 61. 6-'. Jacob Holms. John Wilson. Hans Gordon. Abraham Stoner. Michael Corkery. Michael Stoner. James Downey,Sr. John Walter,Jr. Jacob Stoner. Samuel Royer,Sr. David Parks. James Downey,Jr. Jacob Holms,Sr. Jacob Holsinger. John Stoner. Henry Smith. David Stoner,Jr. Abraham Stoner. Peter Hefleigh. 5.Michael Corkery. Vacant. 63. EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.381 and is known as Honeybrook post office. Wayne and the Pennsylvania Line.'"—Stille. Vide "Major General notes. The incorporation Act of 1818 (P.L.,1818-19,p.4): AN ACT To incorporate the Town of Waynesburg,in the County of Franklin,into a borough,and for other purposes. Section i.Be it Enacted,&c.,That the town of Waynesburg, in the county of Franklin,shall be,and the same is hereby erected into a borough which shall be called the borough of Waynesburg,bounded and limited as followeth: Beginning at a white oak at the southeast end of said town, thence north,eleven and one-fourth degrees east,ninety-one perches;north sixty-two and an iialf degrees west,thirteen and one-fourth perches;south,eighty-five and an half degrees, west thirty perches;south thirty-six and an half degrees,east, ninety-two perches,south,nine and an half degrees east,one hundred and eighteen perches,iKirth,seventy-five and an half degrees east one hundred and seventy perches to the place of beginning. Section 2.Be it further enacted,&c..That the inhabitants of the said borough entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly having resided within the said borough at least six months immediately preceding the election and within that time paid a borough tax shall have power on the first Tuesday of May next,and on the first Tuesday in May in every year there- after,to meet at the house now occupied by John Cochran in said borough (or at such other place as may hereafter be ap- pointed)and then and there,between the hours of one and six in the afternoon,elect by ballot one citizen residing therein who shall be styled the chief burgess,and five citizens to be a town Council,and shall also elect as aforesaid one citizen as high constable,all of whom shall be residents of said borough;but previous to the opening of said election,such of the inhabitants as are present at the said John Cochran's or at such other place as may hereafter be appointed,shall elect two citizens as judges, one as inspector and two as clerks of the said election,which shall be regulated and conducted throughout according to the general election law of this commonwealth,and who shall be subject to the same penalties for mal-practices as by the said law is imposed;and the said judges,inspector and clerks,be- fore they enter upon the duties of their respective offices,shall take an oath or affirmation before ary justice of the peace of said county to perform the same with fidelity,and after the said election shall be closed,shall declare the persons having the greatest number of votes to be duly elected,and in case any two or more candidates should have an equal number of votes, the preference shall be determined by lot to be drawn by the two Note 24. Text page 89. Incorporation Act. Name. Boundaries. Qualification of electors. Burgess and Coun- cil to be elected. Method of conduct- ing election. 382 NOTES. Powers and duties of officers and Council. Penalty for non- performance of dut}-. WAYNi;SBORO. judges in presence of the inspector and clerks,whereupon duph- cate certificates of said election shall be signed by the said judges,one of which shall be transmitted to each of the persons elected,and the other filed among the records of the corpora- tion;and it shall be the duty of the high constable for the pre- ceding year,to give notice in writing to each of the persons so elected as aforesaid,and in case of the death,resignation,re- moval or refusal to accept of any of the said officers;or if it should at any time happen that no election should be holden on the da}'and in the manner aforesaid,the chief burgess shall issue his precept directed to the high constable to hold an elec- tion in manner aforesaid to supply such vacancy,giving at least eight days'notice by six advertisements set up in the most public places in said borough;Provided,That the citizens of the borough of Waynesburg aforesaid shall be entitled to vote at the first election although they have paid no borough tax. Section 3.And be it further enacted,&c..That from and after the first Tuesday in May next,the chief burgess and town coun- cil duly elected as aforesaid,and their successors,shall be one body politic and corporate by the name and style of "The chief burgess and town council of the borough of Waynesburg."and shall have perpetual succession;and the said chief burgess and town council and their successors,shall be capable in law to have,get,receive,hold and possess,goods and chattels,lands and tenements,rents,liberties,jurisdictions,franchises and hereditaments,to them and their successors in fee simple or otherwise,not exceeding the yearly value of five thousand dol- lars,and also to grant,sell,let and assign the same lands,tene- ments,hereditaments and rents,and by the name and style aforesaid,they shall be capable in law to sue and be sued,plead and be impleaded in any of the Courts of law of this common- wealth,in all manner of actions whatsoever,and to have and to use one common seal,and the same from time to time at their will to change and alter until it be otherwise directed by law. Section 4.And be it further enacted,&c.,That if any person duly elected as chief burgess,member of the town council,or high constable as aforesaid,and having received notice thereof as directed by this act.shall refuse or neglect to take upon himself the execution of the said office to which he shall have been elected,or having taken upon himself the duties of said office shall neglect to discharge the same according to law, everj'person so refusing or neglecting shall for every such of- fence forfeit and pay the sum of twenty dollars;which fine and all other fines and forfeitures incurred and made payable in pur- suance of this act or any of the by-laws and ordinances of the town council,shall be for the use of the said corporation and shall be recovered before any justice of the peace in the same manner that debts not exceeding one hundred dollars are by law recoverable,and when so recovered shall be forthwith paid to the treasurer of the borough;and it shall be the duty of the officers KXPI.AXATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS. of said borough,on receiving any money belonging to the cor- poration,to pay the same to the treasurer forthwith;Provided, That no person elected as aforesaid,shall be liable to a fine for refusing or neglecting to serve more than once in four years. Section 5.And be it further enacted,&c.,That the chief bur- gess and town council and high constable,and each of them, before entering upon the duties of their respective offices,shall take and subscribe an oath or affirmation before any justice of the peace of said county,to support the constitution of the United States and of this State and to perform the duties of their respective offices with fidelity,and the certificates of such oaths and affirmations shall be filed among the records of the said cor- poration. Section 6.And be it further enacted.&c..That it shall be the duty of the said town council,three of whom shall be a quorum, to hold quarterly meetings on the third Saturday in April,July, October and Januarj'in each year,and oftener if occasion re- quires,at which meetings they may make,enact,revise,repeal and amend all such by-laws,such rules,regulations and ordin- ances,as shall be determined by a majority of them necessary to promote the peace,good order,benefit and advantage of the said borough,particularly of providing for the regulation of the markets,improving,repairing and keeping in order the streets,lanes,alleys and highways,ascertaining the depths of vaults,sinks,pits for necessary houses,and making permanent rules relative to the foundations of buildings,party walls and fences:thej'shall have power to assess,apportion and appro- priate such taxes as shall be determined by a majority of them necessary for carrying the said rules and ordinances from time to time into complete effect;and also to appoint a town clerk, treasurer,two persons to act as street and road supervisors,a clerk of the market and a collector,annually,and such other officers as may be deemed necessary from time to time,and the same officers from time to time to remove for misdemeanor in office;which meetings of the said town council shall be held at such convenient place as a majority of them shall think proper in said borough,imtil a town house is erected.Provided,That no by-laws,rule or ordinance of the said corporation shall be repugnant to the constitution or laws of the United States or of this commonwealth,and that no person shall be.punished for a breach of a by-law or ordinance,made as aforesaid,until ten days have expired after the promulgation thereof,by at least four advertisements set up in the most public places in said borough;and Provided,also.That in assessing such tax.due re- gard shall be had to the valuation of taxable property taken for the purpose of raising county rates and levies,so that the said tax shall not in any year exceed one-half cent in the dollar of such valuation,unless some object of general utility shall be thought necessary,in which case a majority of the taxable in- habitants of said borough shall approve of.and certify the same NOTES. Oaths of Burgess and Council. Time of meeting fi.xed. Passage of ordi- nances &c. Taxes. Appointment of OfiBcers. Taxes limited. 384 NOTES. Delinquent taxes. Fines and forfeit- ures. Duty of Clerk. Seal. Treasurer to give bond. Accounts of offi- cers. Appeals from taxes provided for. Notice of annual election,how sriven. WAYNESBORO. in writing under their hands to the town council,who shall pro- ceed to assess the same accordingly. Section 7.And be it further enacted by the authority afore- said,&c.,That the chief burgess elected and qualified agreeably to this act,is hereby authorized to issue his precept as often as occasion may require,directed to the collector,command- ing him to collect all taxes so assessed,and the same to pay over to the treasurer;and the said chief burgess is hereby authorized to carry into efYect all by-laws and ordinances en- acted by the town council,and whatsoever else shall be enjoined upon him or them for the well ordering and governing said borough,and shall also have power to mitigate or remit fines and forfeitures in all cases where it shall appear that the person or persons so fined did not offend intentionally,or on their hav- ing some other just and reasonable excuse to plead in his or their behalf. Section 8.And be it further enacted,&c.,That it shall be the duty of the town clerk to attend all meetings of the town council when assembled upon business of the corporation,and perform the duty of clerk thereto,and keep and preserve the common seal and records of the corporation,and be answerable for the same,and also for the faithful discharge of all the duties which may be enjoined upon him by virtue of this act or the acts of the corporation,whose attestation with the seal of the corpora- tion shall be good evidence of the act or thing so certified. Section 9.And be it further enacted,&c.,That the treasurer shall give sufficient security for the faithful discharge of the duties of his office,and for the safe delivery of all monies,books and accounts appertaining thereto,into the hands of his suc- cessor upon demand made for that purpose. Section 10.And be it further enacted,&c..That the street supervisors,treastirer,high constable,clerk of the market and collector,as well as other officers which may be appointed by the corporation or coimcil,shall in the month of April,yearly, render their accounts to the said council for settlement,and the said accounts being so adjusted and settled shall be forthwith published by said council,shewing particularly the amount of taxes laid and collected and of all monies paid into the treasury, and the amount of expenditures. Section 11.And be it further enacted,&c..That the chief bur- gess and president of the council shall constitute a court of ap- peal,and prior to the collection of any borough tax.the col- lector shall inform each inhabitant of the amount of his tax, and of the time and place of appeal;Provided,nevertheless.That the said court of appeals shall have no other power as such,than to determine the justness of the apportionment of said tax,and to remedy any grievance that may occur in imposing the same. Section 12.And be it further enacted,&c..That it shall be the duty of the high constable to give notice of the annual elec- EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.385 tion of said borough to be held in pursuance of this act,by setting up six advertisements in the most pubUc places in said borough ten days previous thereto;he shall attend and see that the election is opened at the time and in the manner directed by this act;Provided,That William Blakeney or John Flanegan of said borough,and the constable of Washington township,shall publish and superintend the election to be held on the first Tues- day of May next as hereinbefore directed. Section 13.And be it further enacted,&c..That the judges, inspector and clerks of the elections aforesaid,shall be allowed each one dollar a day for their services in holding said elections, and the town council shall from time to time affix the salaries of the high constable,town clerk,treasurer,clerk of the mar- ket,and such other officers as may be appointed under this Act, which salaries shall be paid out of the Borough treasury by orders drawn thereon signed by the president of the council, which salaries shall not be increased or diminshed during the time for which said officers were appointed respectively;Pro- vided,That if any person appointed by the town council as afore- said,shall neglect or refuse to take upon himself the duties of the office to which he shall be so appointed,shall for the same forfeit and pay for the use of the corporation the sum of ten dol- lars,unless he can render to the said council a satisfactory reason why he should be exonerated from such service. Section 14.And be it further enacted,&c.,That if any person or persons shall think him,her or themselves aggrieved by any- thing done in pursuance of this act,except in what relates to the imposing and collecting the borough tax and appointments made by the town council,he,she or they may appeal to the next court of common pleas to be held for the said county,upon giving security according to law to prosecute his_,her or their appeal with effect,and the said court having taken such order therein as shall seem to them just and reasonable the same shall be conclusive. REES HILL, Speaker of the House of Representatives. NOTES. Salaries of oflBcera. Forfeit for non-por- formance of duty. Apiieal to Com- mon Pleas Court provided for. ISAAC WEAVER, Speaker of the Senate. Approved —the twenty-first day of December,one thousand eight hundred and eighteen. WILLIAM FINDLAY. The above incorporation Act,it will be remembered,was abso- ,,-•,,.--vx 1 Repeal. lutely repealed,by the Legislature on the thirtieth ot March A.D.1824. 386 WAYNESBORO. NOTES. Note 25. Text page 89. Reviving Act. Repeal and re-en- actment. Change in limits. First election. Name. The Act reviving the corporate franchises of Waynesburg,and extending the same to Waynesboro.(P.L.,1830-31,p.33). AN ACT Reviving an act incorporating the borougli of Waynesburg,and changing the name thereof to Waynesboro. Section i.Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Repre- sentatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General As- sembly met,and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same.That the act,entitled "An act to repeal an act incorpor- ating the borough of Waynesburg,in the county of Franklin, and for other purposes,"passed the thirtieth day of March,one thousand eight hundred and twenty-four,be and the same is hereby repealed;and the act,entitled "An act to incorporate the town of Waynesburg,in the county of Franklin,into a borough,and for other purposes,"passed the twenty-first day of December,one thousand eight hundred and eighteen,be and the same is hereby revived and re-enacted,in all its parts,except so far as regards the limits contained and described in the first section,which shall be as follows:Beginning at a stone stand- ing on the lands of John Flanagan,and running with the same and others north sixty-one and one-fourth degrees,west two hundred and four perches to a stone,standing on the lands of Henry Funk;thence with the same,John Hess,and others, south twenty-eight and three-fourth degrees,west one hun- dred and seventy-eight perches,to a stone,standing on a line between Andrew Baker and John Gilbert;thence with the same, Thomas Walker,and others,south sixty-one and a fourth de- grees,east two hundred and four perches,to a post,standing on the lands of John Clayton;thence with the same,and others, north twenty-eight and three-fourth degrees,east one hundred and seventy-eight perches,to the place of beginning. Section 2.And it be further enacted by the authority afore- said,That the first election,after the passage of this act,shall be held on the first Monday in March next,in the manner pre- scribed by the said original act of incorporation,and the elec- tions thereafter shall be held at the time,and conducted in the manner,presented in the original act. Section 3.And be it further enacted by the authority afore- said.That the same borough shall hereafter be called Waynes- boro. FREDK.SMITH, Speaker of the House of Representatives. WM.G.HAWKINS. Speaker of the Senate. Approved—The twenty-fifth day of January,A.D.one thous- and eight hundred and thirty-one. GEO.WOLF. EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.387 Note 26. The number of boroughs incorporated in Pennsylvania by the NOTES. Legislature from the beginning of the practice until the adoption of the Act of 1851,which transferred the business principally to the courts,and the adoption of the State constitution of 1873,which Text page 92. prohibited interference with the affairs of counties and boroughs, was,all told,four hundred and fifty. The following are some of the oldest boroughs of the State,men- tioned in the order of their incorporation: Pennsylvania Boroughs. Germantown,T769 Lancaster,1774 Carlisle.1782 Reading,1783 Bristol,1785 York,1787 W.Chester.1788 Easton,1789 Bedford,i795 Chester,i795 Huntingdon,1796 Uniontown.1796 Sunbury,1797 Greensburg.1799 Lebanon,1799 Frankford.1800 Bare,1802 Canonburg,1802 Chambersburg.1803 Morrisville,1804 Pittsburg,1804 Somerset,1804 Erie,1805 Greencastle,1805 Bellefonte,i8c6 Connellsville,1806 Gettysburg.1806 Meadville.1807 Harrisburg.1808 Mercersburg.1831 A relic of slave times. It is an interesting fact that the borough of Mercersburg,in Franklin county,was incorporated the same year as Waynesboro (February 26,1831),and is just one month the junior of Waynesboro. The following copy of an original document referring to the period Note 27. when slaves were still held in Franklin county can not be un-Te.\t page 94. interesting: July 27,1816. I do certify that I have sold to my Daughter Nancy Wallace my yalow garl Rose for the sum of forty dollars given under my hand this 27th Day of July.She was born the 9th of Febru- ary 1816. her Attest Nancy X Wallace John Wallace mark (son of Thomas Wallace)(wife of Thomas Wallace) CHAPTER V.CHAPTER V. LOOKING BACKWARD. "Peale's Museum."This name is.doubtless,derived from that of Noto 28 r 1 T .•1 Ca 16Xt page iiw. Charles Wilson Peale,the patriot artist of the revolution,who.after ,,,,•1-11 riiarU's Wilson his experience as a portrait painter,and the reputation whicli he ac-p^^i^ 388 NOTES. Note 29. Text pasp U4. A price on their heads. WAYNESBORO. quired as such in painting the portraits of the most noted revolution- ary generals,settled down in Philadelphia,and opened up a place of entertainment which was known as "Peale's Museum."Here he had gathered a collection of various curiosities in the animal,mineral and vegetable kingdoms,as well as a large number of historical works.The museum was quite popular during the period referred to in Mr.Null's narrative. The following is a copy complete of the proclamation issued by President Joseph Reed,offering a reward for the capture of Ben- jamin Nugent and his companions: Pennsylvania ss By His Excellency Joseph Reed Esquire President and the Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Penn- sylvania. A PROCLAMATION Whereas divers of the Inhabitants of the County of Cumber- land within this state have by their humble petition,represented to the Honorable House of Assembly in their present sessions, that they are in a state of most imminent danger,from a number of violent wicked persons within the said County,who being detected in counterfeiting money and such like evil practices have burnt the barns mills and houses of sundry well disposed and faithful subjects of this state,w-ho have exerted themselves in discovering and bringing to Justice the above ofifenders:And Whereas Benjamin Nugent William Nugent John Rosborough Charles Johnston and Doctor John McCartney are among others charged with the perpetration of the Ofifences,but have hitherto eluded the hands of publick Justice:And the said Peti- tion being recommended to the care and notice of this Council. For the discovery and punishment of such pernicious crimes, and that the said Benjamin Nugent William Nugent John Ros- borough Clrarles Johnston and Doctor John McCartney,may be brought to condign and exemplary ptinishment.WE have thought fit to issue this oin^Proclamation hereby promising and engaging that the publick re- ward of five thousand dollars shall be paid to any person or persons who shall apprehend the said Benjamin Nugent William Nugent John Rosborough Charles Johnston and Doctor John McCartney,or one thousand dollars for either of them,and safely deliver them or either of them to any Sherifif within any Gaol of this state,together with reasonable expences attending the same.And we do hereby strictly charge enjoin and require all Judges Justices Sheriffs Constables,and all other the faithful and liege subjects within this Government to make diligent search and enquiry after the above offenders,and to use their utmost endeavors to apprehend and secure them,and every of them,so that they may be brought to Justice. Given bv order of the Council under the hand of His Excel- Jos.Reed President. IIXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTE^RS.389 lency Joseph Reed Esquire President,and the seal of the state NOTES, at Philadelphia this twenty fifth day of March in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty. GOD save the COMMONWEALTH. Attest T.Matlack Secy Endorsements: N.28 Inrolled in the Rolls Office Proclamation March 25th,for the State of Pennsylvania, 1780,for apprehending Benjn in Commission Book,Ni,Page Nugent &ors.92. Witness my hand and seal of Office the 7th Janu- ary A.D.1786. Mathw.Irwin, M.R. The following is a copy complete of the petition of Ephraim ^'f>te 30. Hunter asking for the reward offered for the capture of William Text page 114. Nugent: To His Excellency John Dickinson Esq.,president and the Su- preme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Penn- sylvania. The Petition of Ephraim Hunter of the County of Cuml^erland in the State of Pennsylvania. Respectfully Sheweth, That by a proclamation of His Excellency Joseph Reed Esq. president and the Supreme Executive Council dated the 25th day of March 1780 a Reward of Five thousand Continental Dollars was offered to any person or persons who should apprehend and safely deliver to any Sheriff within any Goal of the said State T)••-NT .TIT-MI--NT ^T 1 T.L u r-iL 1 The pvice demand- Benjamin Nugent,William Nugent,John Rosborough,Charles ed. Johnston and Dr.John McCartney or One thotisand Continental Dollars for either of them;together with reasonable Expences attending the same;That your petitioner hath lately apprehend- ed and safely delivered to Henry Miller Esq.High Sheriff within the Goal of York County the above named William Nugent as by the said Sheriff's Certificate herewith produced will appear. That the value of the said one thousand Continental Dollars in hard Money agreeably to the Scale of Depreciation does not appear to be more than Six pounds seven Shillings &sixpence together with four Dollars expences attending the delivering the said Nugent to the Goal afs.which together amounts to Seven pounds seventeen Shillings &sixpence hard Money:Your petitioner therefore Prays tliat your Honors will be pleased to 390 WAYNESBORO. NOTES.pay him the said Sum of Seven pounds seventeen Shillings & sixpence hard Money and he as in duty bound will ever pray &c. Ephraim Hunter. Philad.22.Novem.1782. Endorsement: 1782 November 22nd Petition of Ephraim Hunter of Cumbd.County. Note 31. Text page 116. A story without foundation. It is just as well to here correct a statement,which,if it is allowed to go unchallenged,may crystallize into a fact,and that is the state- ment that one of the wrought iron cannon which were made by either John Bourns or William Denning,who were both engaged in making crude implements of warfare of this nature during the revolutionary period,was accorded the honor of being captured by the British and taken to England as a trophy.A very pleasing tradition,but one wholly without foundation,is the story that one of these home- made cannon was captured at the battle of Brandywine and taken to England,and there placed among the British trophies in the tower of London.The writer hereof,while visiting the tower of London some years ago,made most diligent inquiry into this subject,and was then assured by those in authority that no such trophy as that had ever had a place among the collection of implements of war ac- quired by England,by capture or by gift,and which are preserved there.Another inquirer (Rev.J.A.Murray)some years ago re- ceived documentarv evidence to the same effect. CHAPTER VI.CHAPTER VL Note 32. Text page 119. The Valley moun- tains. Highest point in Penns\lvania. PHYSICAL BEAUTIES. The mountain known as the North Mountain which bounds Frank- lin County on the west and northwest,has generally a higher eleva- tion and a much more rugged character,than the South Mountain. The most striking features of mountain scenery on the western boundary of the county are Parnell's Knob and Jordon's Knob.To the southwest,the knobs of Claylick and Two-top mountains,attract attention.The elevation of the South Mountain ranges from six hundred to nine hundred feet above the lowest point of the valley, whilst the North Mountain,at points,reaches an altitude of about fifteen hundred feet above the valley,which itself lies at a consider- able elevation above the sea. The highest point in Pennsylvania is said to be Big Bald Knob which stands on the border line between Bedford and Somerset Counties.Late surveys make this Knob to stand about three thou- sand feet above the level of the sea. EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.391 Tliere were many and beautiful specimens of trees in the Pennsyl-NOTES, vania forests during the times of early settlement.Some localities of the Cumberland Valley,particularly near the mountains,and along ^°*®^^^ the larger streams,were remarkable for the different varieties and ex-Text page 120. tensive growth of their trees.There were to be found Oaks of many The Forest Trees ci kinds;the black and white Walnut;the Hickory:the Shellbark;the "'^^*"^^- Maple;the Poplar or Tulip tree;the sweet Birch;the Ash;the Mulberry;the white and red (slippery)Elm;the Linden;the Larch; the pitch Pine:the Spruce;the Hemlock;the Cypress and the white Cedar.Of smaller growths were to found:the wild Plum;the wild Cherry;the Persimmon;the Chinkapin and the Sassafras.The un- dergrowth w-as rich and luxuriant.Chiefly noticeable were the Laurels interwined with the wild Grape;the Rhododendron and the stately Ferns. Pennsylvania has awakened almost too 1.te to a realization of the fact that through the workings of the same agencies which have de- stroyed her records and her relics,to wit the carelessness,or with more propriety let it be called the crime,of her utilitarian people,she has been also despoiled of the wealth of her forests.Yet may God vanished beauty, speed the work of Prof.J.T.Rothrock and his "State Forestry Re-Wasted wealth, servation Commission."It is in vain now to regret that the spirit which moved a poetic son of Pennsylvania,"to speak in numbers,"yi°^^ ''^ should not also have prompted the State of Pennsylvania,long ago to embody in legislative enactment that poet's injunction: "Woodman spare that tree, Touch not a single bough; In youth it sheltered me; And I'll protect it now." The course and character of the streams of the Cumberland \'a]ley '°^ are interesting subjects of study.The mountain streams,generally.Text page 122. flow either northeast or southwest,along the mountain valleys or The streams of the directly at right angles to that course,through the mountain chains.^^^" The summit of elevation,forming the water-shed for the Valley,al- most conforms with the northeast boundary of Franklin county, sending the waters of this county,—with the exception of the Conodoguinet creek,which rises in the northwest part of the county—to the Potomac,and the waters of Cumberland county to the Susquehanna. It is interesting to know that the Susquehanna River,in all its course,drains 21,390 square miles of territory,or 13,685,600 acres and that the Potomac drains 1,500 square miles,or 1,017,600 acres. CHAPTER VII.CHAPTKR VII. REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENSHIP. It has lately transpired that some of the earlier records of the Note 35. Waynesboro Town Council have been found.This information was Text page 134. not received until the bodv of this work was in print.These records 39^WAYNESBORO. NOTES. The old records of Council. were much desired and sought for by the compiler of this work, who regrets that he had not the opportunity of examining them in time.Happily,however,as is understood,these records are now in the hands of the historical editor of the "Village Record"who will make good use of them. Note 36. Text page 138. Postmasters. Note 37. Text page 140. Service of physi- cians. The list of postmasters for Waynesboro was carefully corrected and furnished through the kindness of the postmaster-general's de- partment at Washington.The following shows the date when each postmaster was appointed: While the office was known as Waynesburg.Michael Stoner was postmaster and served from April ist,1807,until the change in name took place,June 9th,1822. After the name was changed to Waynesboro,the postmasters with the dates of their appointment were as follows: n \T EOFPOSTMASTERS. APPOINTMENT. Michael Stoner.9 June,1822 Joseph Deardorff.22 Sept.,1830 James Walker,28 Feb.,1833 Michael M.Stoner,2 May.1837 John W.Stoner,17 Dec,1840, James Brotherton,19 July,1845 James Brotherton.Jr..15 Feb.,1849, Jacob R.Welsh.13 June,1853 Thomas G.Pilkington,28 May,1861 Nancy Pilkington,10 Feb.,1863 .\ndrew G.Nevin,30 Sept.,1864 Jacob R.Welsh,26 Nov.,1866 Andrew G.Nevin.6 May,1869 Matilda R.Nevin,5 Feb.,1875 George Middour,19 Jan.,1882 James P.Lowell,12 Mch.,1886 Andrew S.Bonebrake.11 Apr.,1890 Alexander D.Morganthall,3 May,1894 Silas E.Dubbell,28 May,1899 It is impossible to class these physicians co-temporaneously,but, as near as can be gathered,the period ^,•hen they practiced is as follows: John Liggett.Prior to 1800. John Oellig,Sr.,1810-1840. John Oellig,Jr.,1833-1871. James Brotherton,Sr.,1816-1858. James Brotherton,Jr.,1845-1862. Thomas Walker,1816-1860. Washington A.Harbaugh,1845-1846. Andrew Hetrick,About 1840. Sydenham Walker.1846-1850. Daniel Benedict.1847-1849. EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.-jq-, George E.Outhit.1847.1848.notes. Edwin A.Herring,1856-1880. George W.Boteler,icS8i-i8g4. John A.Bouse.1882-1884. A.S.Tinges,1882-1885. Edmund S.Showers,Homeopathic,1880-1888. The following are now in active practice: Benjamin Frantz.1845-1899. Joseph Frantz,1880-1899. Isaac N.Snively.1863-1899. John M.Ripple,1868-1899. James Burns Amberson,1868-1899. Abraham Strickler,1871-1899. Abraham Barr Snively.1895-1899. Aaron B.Sollenberger.1898-1899. John W.Croft,1899. Percy D.Hoover,1899; Rebecca P.Laughlin,1899. Walter Pearre,Homeopathic,1888-1899. Nevin C.Detrich,Homeopathic,1892-1899. A series of interesting articles,written by W.C.Cremer,assistant editor,were published in the "Village Record"of March 15 and °^'• March 22,1900,giving an entertaining resume of the early records of '^''^^P''^''^'*-- this and other Waynesboro banks.It is to be regretted that there is Local iiistoiical not space to reproduce these articles in this narrative.Mr.Cremer work, has since written for the same newspaper other articles of an his- torical nature and of equal interest with the above. CHAPTER VIII.CHAPTER VIII. IN WAR TIMES.-—PART I. Respecting the Indians who killed the school children,John Mc- Cullongh says: "Some time in the summer whilst we were living at Kta-ho'-ling a great number of Indians collected at the forks of Moos-king- ooiig;perhaps there were about three hundred or upwards;their intention was to come to the settlements and make a general massacre of the whole people without any regard to age or sex; they were out about ten days when most of them returned;hav- ing held council,they concluded that it was not safe for them to leave their towns destitute of defence.However,several small parties went on to different parts of the settlements;it happened that three of them whom I was well acquainted with came to the neighborhood where I was taken from—they were young fellows,perhaps none of them more than twenty years Note 39. Text page 166. Narrative of .John Merullough. Loudon's Narr.. Vol.1,papre 253. 394 WAYNESBORO. NOTES.of age —they came to a schoolhouse where they murdered and scalped the master and all the scholars,except one who survived after he was scalped,a boy about ten years old,and a full cousin of mine.I saw the Indians when they marched home with the scalps;some of the old Indians were very much displeased at them for killing so many children,especially Neep-paugh'-zvhese, or night walker,an old chief,or half king,—he ascribed it to cowardice wdiich was the greatest affront he could offer them." Note 40. Text page 167. Flag of the First Pennsylvania Regi- ment. Note 41. Text page 171 Thomas Wallace's militia company. The flag of the First Pennsylvania regiment:Colonel John Blair Linn,who was very much interested in the history of this regiment, was fortunate enough to find and identify the original flag carried during the Revolutionary War as it was found amongst the papers and documents of Colonel Hand,one of its commanders.The fol- lowing letter from Colonel Hand to Jasper Yates identifies the flag: "Prospect Hill, March 8.1776. u ***=):**:}:*I am statioucd at Cobble Hill with four companies of our regiments.Two companies,Cluggage's and Chamber's,were ordered to Dorchester on Monday.Ross's and Loudon's relieved them yesterday.Every regiment is to have a standard and colors.Our standard is to be a deep green ground; the device a tiger,partly enclosed by toils,attempting the pass, defended by a hunter armed with a spear in white on crimson field;the motto,Domari Nolo.** The muster roll of Captain years 1789 and 1790: Beasaker.Abraham, Beaker,George,Sr., Beaker,George, Beley,William, Blekney,Fergis, Blekney,James, Blekney,Samuel, Blekney,William, Bonebreak,Conrad, Bonebreak,Devalt, Bourns,Henry, Bourns,John, Bouser,Abraham, Brothers,Mithias, Burket,Abraham, Burket,David. Burket,Samuel, Byers,Daniel, ^-^Cagy,Christian, Ciphart,Andrew-, Ciphart,Henry, Thomas Wallace's companj'for the Clam,Michael, Cline,Gasper, Colwicks,Petter, Conard,Barnard, Coughran,John, Crooks,James,Jr., Crooks,James,Sr., Crooks,Robert, Crooks,William, Dealy,John, —Ditch,Hendry, ^Ditch.David, Douglas,John, Dow^ney,James, Dunk.Andrew. Fatril,Larans, Foglar,Christian, Fridley,John, Funk,John, EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.395 Gans,John, Gordin,George, Hanline,Tobias, Heck,George, Heck,Petter, Heinare,Benjamin, Holems,Michael, Hollums,Abraham, Heliums,Jacob, Hollums,John, Holsinger,George, Holsinger,John, Holwicks,Petter, Hoofman,Hendry, Horn,Benjamin, Horner,Adam, Horner,John, Howard,Frederick, Jack,William, Leazer,Andrew, ''Litener,Peter, McClanahan,Thomas, McChown,Mathew, McCrea,James. McGeahon,Bruer, McManus,Andrew, McManus,James, Menser,David, Menser,Joseph. Mener,Hendry, Mener,Joseph, Menner,Henery, Menner,John, Miller,George, Miller,John,Sr., Miller.John,Jr., Miller,Isaak, Miner,William, Mock,William, Mon,David, Mon,George, Mon,John, Money,Patrick, Moorehead,John, Moorehead,James, Mothersbaugh,John, Mucklewain,W^illiam, Murray,Elias, Xicholass,James, Nicholass,John, Nicholass,Joseph, Nicholas,William, Noll,John, Obersheimcr,John, Oulms,Daniel, Parks,John, Pechtel,Jacob. Penner,Daniel, Penner,John, Price,Abraham, Price,Daniel, Price,Jacob, Price,John, Raj'er,Daniel, Reed,Jacob, Reed,Philip, Riter,Joseph, Rits,Joseph, Rock.Frederick, Rock.Jacob, Rock,John, Rouzar,, Saddler,Ludwick, Sacrest,John, Seacrest,Solomon, Sharts,Jacob, Shockey,Abraham, Shockey,Christian, Shockey,Jacob, Shockey,Jacob,Jr., Shockey,Vallentine, ^Shull.Charles, ,_^hull,Philip, Sloss,John, Smith,John Miller, Snowbcrgcr,John, Snowbergcr,Turft, Steaman,John, Stoneman,Christian, Stoner,John, NOTES. 24 396 WAYNESBORO. NOTES. Acknowledgments. Stoup,Jacob, Stoup,John, Stutt,Hearman, Swagert,John, Swarts,Frederick, Thomas,Samuel, Troup,Adam, Trubey,Daniel, Wallace.John, Waker,William, Welch,John, Weltey,Jacob, Willson,James, Taylor,John. Timon,Frederick, Tip,Hendry, Thomas,Abraham, Thomas,David, Thomas,John, This document belongs to Mrs.T.S.Cunningham,of Waynesboro,, a daughter of John Wallace,III,and acknowledgments are due to her for its use as well as for many other courtesies extended to the author. Zolinger,Alexander, Zolinger,Fetter. Note 42. Text page 173. John G.Orr,in "General Washing- ton in Franklin County." Note 43. Text page 177. First Defenders. Note 44. Text page 181. Capt.Samuel Gor- don's company, 1812-1814. In 1/88 there were in Franklin county seventy-one stills returned as taxable in value from five to seven and ten dollars each.On most of them the assessed value was seven dollars.In Antrim township there were twenty-five;Fannet township,six;Guilford,five;Hamil- ton,four;Letterkenny,nine;Lurgan,six;Peters,five;Southamp- ton,three;Washington,eight.These stills had a capacity ranging from ten to one hundred gallons each. The first companies to leave Franklin county were ''Union Volun- teers"of Chambersburg,Captain Jeremiah Snider;"Franklin Rifle- men"of Chambersburg.Captain Henry Reges;"Concord Light Infantry"of Concord,Captain Michael Harper;"Mercersburg Rifles" of Mercersburg.Captain Frederick Hays;"Antrim Greens"of Greencastle,Captain Andrew Oaks. The following is a copy of the roll of Captain Gordon's company on file in the War Department at Washington city: Waynesburg Company,March i,1814. Captain,Samuel Gordon. First Lieutenant,William Dick. Second Lieutenant,William Patton. Third Lieutenant,James Burns. Ensign,William Miller. Sergeants. First,Hugh Davison. Second.Charles Miller. First,Joseph Arthur, Second,James Hall. Drummer,Joseph Shilling. Third,James Scott. Fourth,Josiah'GorHon. Corporals. Third.John Rodman. Fourth,Philip Mason. Fifer.William Burgess. EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.397 Privates.NOTES. Thomas Allen,William Alsip.Martin Beard,Henry Baugher, Benjamin Bump,George Burr,Frederick Beverson,John Baker, Michael Borer,Jacob Baker,Peter Baker,Michael BLear,Adam Brown,Conrad Croft,John Coon,John Craig.Richard Cahil, William Clem,John Carver,William Clark,Richard Donahue, William Divelbiss,Jphn Dowman.Edward Detrick,George Davis,Samuel Dean,Jacob Decmer,John Davis,Adam Dun- can,Jacob Eby,George Ensminger,William Edwards,Nathaniel Fips,Joseph Flora,John Fisher,Michael Fritz,Henry Geiger, George Glaze,Moses Getrich,John Greenly,John Graham,John Huber,Joseph Hoffman,William Hardin,George Harmony, James Hardy,John Hawk,Peter Harger,John Irwin,David Johnston,John Jefferey,Nathaniel King,Jacob Keefer,William Kline,William King,Peter Keefer,Matthew King,James Logan, Benjamin Lewis,Jacob Liepert,John M'CoUey,John M'Con- nell,Alexander M'Mullen,Peter Myers,William Miller,John M'Neal,John M'Clay,Philip Myers,William Mahaffy,Murdock Mitchell,John M'Curdy,Robert M'Clelland,Daniel Mentzer,G. M.Miller,George Miller,George Neff,Joseph Neal,Nathan Phipps,Abraham Piaceare,William Pearslake,Thomas Poe, Erasmus Quarters,Andrew Robertson,William Reeseman,John Ritter,Adam Rankin,Adam Ream,Christopher Sites,Frederick Stumbaugh,Jacob Stauffer,Nicholas Smith,Jacob Smith,Henry Satin,Joseph Tice,James Thompson,Henry Unger,William Wolf,William Whitman,Henry Weaver. In accord with the policy,wisely adopted at the outset,by the ^"^^*°- Centennial Association and heartily endorsed by the author of this Text page I8I. book,no attempt has been made to include in the present history of An explanation. Waynesboro,any collection of biographical or genealogical sketches. Mention has been made of individuals,whose connection with public events,rendered some mention of them necessary.If,therefore,it shall appear to any one that mention of individuals has been omitted, which may have been looked for,let it be understood,that the writer has been governed by the rule,above laid down,and that no conscious partiality has been shown in any quarter. The following is the roll of the company of Captain John Flanagan,Note 46. on file in the W^ar Department at Washington City: Text page 185. Wayne sburg Company,September,181 4. Captain John Captain,John Flanagan.panyf isil-isi^ Lieutenant,William Bivins. Ensign,Daniel M'Farlin. Sergeants. First,Robert Gordon.Third,William Downey. Second,George Cochran.Fourth,George Foreman. 398 NOTES. WAYNESBORO. Privates. Samuel Allison,John Bowman,John Bormest,Christian Bech- tel,David Beaver,William Barnet.Hugh Blair,William Call, James Duncan,Joseph Fulton,Jacob Fry,Loudon Fullerton, James Fullerton,James Gettys,George Gettier,Samuel Green, Peter Haulman,Daniel Haulman,James Harshman,David Heff- ner,Daniel Hartman.James Hayden,George Koontz,Daniel Logan,John Logan,William Mooney,Joseph Misner,James M'Cray,William M'Dowell,John Oellig,Maximillian Ober- meyer,George Price,Robert Ray,Abraham Roberson,Adam Stonebraker,John Sheffler,John Stoner,David Springer,Alex- ander Stewart,George Weagley,David Weaver. CHAPTER IX.CHAPTER IX. Note 47. Text page 195. Off.Rec,Ser.I, Vol.XIX,part H. page 248. Note 48. Text page 197. Off.Rec,Ser.I, Vol.XIX,part II, page 248. IN WAR TIMES.—PART II. General McClellan's views of Lee's northward movement in 1862: "Headqitarters Army of the Potomac. September 10,1862.—10.30 P.M. Andrew G.Curtin, Governor of Pennsylvania: Everything that we can learn induces me to believe that the information you have received is substantially correct.I think the enemy are checked in the directions of Baltimore and Gettys- burg.You should concentrate all the troops you can in the \:cinity of Chambersburg,not entirely neglecting Gettysburg. I will follow them up as rapidly as possible,and do all I can to check their movement into Pennsylvania.Call out the militia,especially mounted men,and do everything in your power to impede the enemy by the action of light troops;attack them in flank,destroying their trains and any property which must inevitably come into their possession.You may be sure that I will follow them as closely as I can,and fight them whenever I can find them.It is as much my interest as yours to preserve the soil of Pennsylvania from invasion,or,failing in that,to .destroy any army that may have the temerity to attempt it. George B.McClellan. Major-General." General Hooker's Grievance: Hdqrs.Third Corps Army of Virginia. Ridgeville,Md.,September 12,1862. Brig.Gen.S.Williams, Assistant Adjutant-General. I have just been shown an order relieving Brigadier-General Reynolds from a command of a division in my corps.I request that the Major-General commanding will not heed this order; EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.399 a scared Governor ought not to be permitted to destroy the use-NOTES. fuhiess of an entire division of the army,on the eve of im- portant operations. iGeneral Reynolds commands a division of Pennsylvania troops of not the best character;is well known to them,and I have no officer to fill his place. It is satisfactory to my mind that the rebels have no more in- tention of going to Harrisburg than they have of going to heaven. It is only in the United States that atrocities like this are entertained. Very respectfully.&c., Joseph Hooker, Major General,Commanding Corps." Text page 210. The ofificial return made by Captain Cowles of the amount of jj^^g 49 stores captured and destroyed at Chambersburg has not been,un- fortunately,found,but from a casual record made at the time it is certain that the raiders succeeded in carrying away and destroying gtioj^d^in^Cham- nearly two thousand muskets,about three hundred navy revolvers,hersburg. the same number of cavalry sabers and cavalry uniforms.'Besides this,the amount of ammunition destroyed was very large.Besides the shells and larger ammunition,there was a very large quantity of "buck and ball."and Springfield and Enfield rifle cartridges. There is no way of estimating the amount of general property which was carried away on this occasion,but it is generally believed that Stuart took with him over twelve hundred horses,chiefly from the county of Franklin. The Franklin county citizens who were taken by Stuart as hostages Note 50. were as follows:Perry A.Rice.Esq..Daniel Shaffer,C.Lauder-Text page 210. baugh,John McDowell,George G.Rupley,and George Steiner,of Hostages taken by Mercersburg;Joseph Wingert,postmaster at Clay Lick Hall;Wil-Stuart, liam Conner and son,Thomas,John Paxton,S.Shroder and A. Hartman.of Adams county.Steiner escaped from them at Bridge- port,'McDowell,Rupley,Lauderbaugh and Wingert were either re- leased,or made their escape,at Chambersburg;Rice,Shaffer and Conner were taken to Richmond and incarcerated in Libbey prison; Paxton also escaped in Maryland;Shaffer and Conner were subse- quently exchanged and returned home;but Perry Rice never again saw his home —he died in prison. CHAPTER X.CHAPTER X. IN WAR TIMES.—PART III. Note b\. Captain Bell's cavalry,of Gettysburg,and a portion of the Phila- ^^^^^^^^,22. delphia State Troop,are said to have been the forces which en- countered Jenkins'men at Monterey. 400 WAYNESBORO. NOTES.Captain W.H.Boyd was one of the bravest and most popular of the Union soldiers,who operated in the valley during the war.He ^°*®^^"became closely identified with the people of Franklin county,and, Text page 224.-with his family,took up his residence in Chambersburg,where they Capt.w.H.Boyd,resided at the time the town was burned.When Major Harry Gil- more,the Confederate of^cer who had charge of the burning of the town,learned who Mrs.Boyd and her family were,he prevented their home from being burned.Their residence was what was then known as "Federal Hill."It is now the location of the Children's Industrial Home.Captain Boyd,in later years,was known to the people of Harrisburg as the compiler of their city directory. Note 53.The Confederate pass reproduced in the text,and here printed Text page 227.in full,the author presents with some hesitation.He trusts that he A Confederate '^°^^"°*'^^himself Open to the charge of egotism.The document Pass.is prized as a relic,and is introduced here because of its local char- acter: "Hd.Qrs.Cav.Brigade, Chambersburg,June 23,'63. Order No.3. Citizen Neade has permission to go after his cows across the Franklin Railroad in direction of Waynesborough,morning and evening until further orders. Brig.Gen.A.G.Jenkins, N.Fitzhugh, A.A.General. Approved, Jos.A.Battle, Col.Comg.Post. June 24,1863." Note 54.The strength of the Southern army in Pennsylvania,during the Text page 230.invasion,has been estimated as follows: . Strength of South-Ewell's corps,fifteen thousand,infantry,artillery and cavalry,six- em army in Penn-ty pieces of artillery and one thousand wagons.QV 1 \rci Til 3 A.p.Hill's corps,fifteen thousand,infantry,artillery and cavalry, sixty pieces of artillery and one thousand wagons. Longstreet's corps,twenty thousand,infantry,artillery and cavalry, eighty pieces of artillery and one thousand wagons. Colonel Taylor,Lee's adjutant general,says that the army,on this occasion,consisted of sixty-nine thousand men of all arms,distribut- ed as follows: Infantry,fifty-five thousand five hundred;cavalry,nine thousand; artillery,four thousand five hundred. Note 55.There was a good deal of daring work done by the Union cavalry Text page 231. Ulrich Dahlgreen. scouts on the flanks of Lee's army during the battle of Gettysburg. One particular exploit was that which took place on the second of July,of a company of Union cavalry,under command of Ulrich Dahlgreen,which crossed from the Federal column by Monterey EXPLAXATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.4OI Pass,to Greencastle.and engaged the Confederate cavalry notes. there,capturing a mail.After this exploit it returned by the Waynesboro road,barricading the road behind it.On July fourth. Captain Dahlgreen made another attack of the same kind. In response to a letter,addressed to Brigadier General John M.Note 56. Wilson,Chief of Engineers,United States Army,by William .\.-pext page 236. Kelker,Librarian of the Dauphin County Historical Society,ask- g,^g(.pj,„f p^^t ing for information with regard to "'Fort Washington,"a complete Washingrton. copy of Captain Wheeler's report,with the accompanying map,or sketch,of the works was furnished by General Wilson (April 17, 1900),and is now in the possession of the Dauphin Count}'^Historical Society. In his communication to Mr.Kelker.General Wilson adds the in- formation that:"There is no record of the names of the fortifica- tions as built,but it is probable that they embrace the so-called 'Forts Washington and Henry Clay.' " He also adds:"It appears that in the fall of 1864,a more elaborate project for fortifications to protect the crossings of the Susquehanna river,at Harrisburg,was prepared,but no work seems to have been done under the project." Morrow Burns,of near Waynesboro,John Oiler,Daniel Hollinger,Note 57. Richard Bonebrake,Hugh Sibbett,and others,were captured about rp^^^j.^242 the time the attack was being made upon the wagon train,and were held prisoners for a considerable time,involuntary witnesses of the exciting"scene. The following letter,written to Edward Bok,Esq..of New York.Note 58. discloses the position assumed by General Early with respect to ^g^^^.^^250. the destruction of Chambersbnrg:.,*,.t ri„„"^^ T ^,nr.A.letter from Gen- "Lynchburg,Va.,June oth,1882.eral Jubal A. T^o Early.Dear Sir, In reply to your inquiries I have to inform you that the town of Chambersbnrg was burned on the same day on which the demand on it was made by McCausIand and refused.It was ascertained that a force of'the enemy's cavalry was approach- ing,and there was no time for delay.Moreover,the refusal was peremptory,and there was no reason for delay,unless the de- mand was a mere idle threat. As to the other inquiry,I had no knowledge of what amount of money there might be in Chami^ersburg.I knew that it was a town of some twelve thousand inhabitants. The town of Frederick,in Maryland,which was a much smaller town than Chambersbnrg had,in June,very promptly responded to my demand on it for $200,000,some of the inhabitants,who were friendly to us.expressing regret that I had not put my de- mand at $500,000.There was one or more National Banks at Chambersburg,and the town ought to have been able to raise the sum I demanded.I never heard that the refusal was based 402 NOTES. Note 59. Text page 255. A question for Averell. WAYNESBORO. on inability to pay such a sum,and there was no offer to pay any sum.The value of the houses destroyed by Hunter,with their contents,was fully $100,000 in gold,and at the time I made the demand the price of gold in greenbacks had very nearly reached $3 and was going up rapidly.Hence it was that I required the $500,000 in greenbacks,if the gold was not paid,to provide against any further depreciation of the paper money. I would have been fully justified by the laws of retaliation in war in burning the town without giving the inhabitants the op- portunity of redeeming it. Very respectfully yours, J.A.Early. Edward W.Bok,Esq., Brooklyn,N.Y." Vide also letter of General Early to J.Hoke.Esq.,published in "The Great Invasion,"page 589. Why the messages of General Couch were not received and an- swered earlier b}-General Averell,who claims that he did not receive any of them until 3.30 o'clock in the morning,and why,after he did receive them and after he heard the signal guns at Chambersburg. he did not at once advance to that point,are questions which have been much discussed. Note 60. Text page 257. Lieut.McLean. Note 61. Text page 259. Commanders of Walker Post. Time of Service. Lieutenant McLean had two men of his command and eight horses wounded.The enemy had three killed and six wounded,on the ad- vance between Mercersburg and Chambersburg.Lieutenant Under- hill's gim.by its discharge of cannister,killed one and wounded four. The time of service of the commanders of Captain Walker Post is as follows:Commander Bonebrake served from September 19, 1882,to January 7,1886;Commander Diebold,from January 7,1886, to January 6,1887,and again,from January 3.1889,to September 11, 1890;Commander Grumbine,from January 6,1887,to January 5, 1888;Commander Lidy,from January 5,1888,to January 3,1899; Commander Detrich,from September 11.1890,to January 7,1892; Commander Beard,from January 7,1892,to January 19,1893:Com- mander Brown,from January 19,1893,to January 7,1894,and again, from January 7,1897,to January 6,1898;Commander Gossert,from January 7,1894,to January 3,1895;Commander Rider,from January 3,1895,to January 7,1897.and again,from January 6,1898,to January 4,1900. CHAPTER XL CHAPTER XL EARLY EDUCATION AND SCHOOLS. The following is a copy of the agreement between Francis Mc- Keon,schoolmaster,and his seventeen patrons: EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.403 Articles of an agreement.NOTFS. Made and agreed upon by and between Francis McKeon school-master of the one part of the State of Maryland and the Note 62. subscribers Hereunto of the other Part State of Pennsylvania.Text page 264. WITNESSETH That the said Francis McKeon on his part An old-tini? engages to teach such children as are subscribed for spelling, seliool agreement. Reading,Writing,and common Arithmetic during the term of Si.K Months from the date Hereof.And We the subscribers In consideration of the same on our Parts promise to pay Unto the said Francis McKeon the sum of .two Dollars Per Quarter for each scholar to be paid at the expiration of three Months from the date herein Mentioned.We also promise to repair the House wherein he the said Master is to teach and furnish him with a Sufficient cjuantity of Good firewood cut suitable to the stove for the Use of scholars in General and any person not com- plying shall pay for such Neglect a sum Not Exceeding seven shillings and six pence to be put to the provision of wood.In Witness hereof We have subscribed our Names this 12th Day of Sept.,In the Year 1808. N.B.—McKeon reserves every Second Saturday to himself. Subscribers'A^ames.Sums.Subscribers'Names.Siuns. Saml.Lane,4 schollars, David Knepper,....3 Daniel Forman,....i George Snyder,....2 Tho.Robinson,....i John Obermyer i John Heefifner,....2 John Knepper 2 Abraham Knepper,..3 s.d. 6 Catharine Wertz, 4 10 Jacob Wagoman. I 10 Christopher Piper, 3 John Shull,... I 10 Henry Dicker, I 10 Joseph Dull,.. 3 Frederick Liber, 3 Ditto Obermyer, 4 10 £ 404 WAYNKSBORO. NOTES. CHAPTER XII. Note 64. Text page 275. Presbyterian ministers,term of service. Note 65. Text page 280. Lutheran minis- ters,time of ser- vice. CHAPTER XII. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. The periods of service of the Presbyterian ministers were as follows: Rev.Buchanan.1818-1839 Rev.Cummins,1846-1847 Rev.Dr.Clark.184S-1853 Rev.Emerson.1859-1860 Rev.Dr.Beatty,1861-1863 Rev.Dr.Wightman.1863-1870 Rev.Geddes,1871.1872 Rev.McLean,1872-1876 Rev.McLanahan.1877-1880. Rev.McCarrell,1880-1898 Rev.W.C.Hogg,1899-—— The periods of service of the Lutheran ministers were as follows Rev.Ruthrauff,1818-1828 Rev.Hoshour,1828-1831 Rev.Reck,1831-1834 Rev.Kline,1834-1840. Rev.Conrad,1841-1844 Rev.Heck,1845-1856 Rev.Campbell.1857-1862 Rev.Dorsey,1863- Rev.Buhrman.1864-1875 Rev.Keedy,1871-1875 Rev.Dr.Bergstresser,1876-1887 Rev.Cook,1888 Note 66. Text page 284. Salem Reformed ministers,time of service. The periods of service of the first clergymen of Salem Reformed Church were as follows: Rev.Weymer.1773-1786 Rev.Spangenberger von Reidmeister,1786-1789 Rev.Rahauser,1792-1817 Rev.Scholl,1817-1835 Note 67. Text page 288. Rev.Henry Har- baugli,D.D. A man who reflected credit and honor upon the place of his nativ- ity,by his sterling character and high attainments in the field of theo- logical and general literature,was the Rev.Henry Harbaugh,Doctor of Divinity and Professor of Didactic and Pastoral Theology,in the Theological .Seminary of the Reformed Church,Mercersburg,Penn- sylvania. Dr.Harbaugh was not a native of Waynesboro,proper,but his birthplace was situated at a point,shadowed by the South Mountain, on the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland,about four miles southeast of Waynesboro. His was a remarkable life which deserves and has been accorded EXPLrANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.405 in many printed works a much more extended notice tlian can possi-NOTES. bly be written of him here.He was born on the 28th of October, 1817,and died in Mercersburg,Pennsylvania,December 28,1867.His early years were spent in the struggle for his education.At the age of twenty-six he was ordained a minister of the gospel and installed in his first pastorate in the Reformed Church.He continued actively engaged in preaching for twenty years when he was appointed to a professorship of Theology,in Mercersburg Seminary.He was the founder and,for seventeen years,the editor of his Church paper.The Guardian,and at the time of his death edited the Mercersburg Rci'ien', and was one of the editorial stafif of the Reformed Church Messenger. In his theological views Dr.Harbaugh took a most decided posi- tion,which he did not hesitate under all circumstances to earnestly advocate and defend.He was a most scholarly writer and his valua- ble contributions to theological literature are presented to the world in a number of published works.His sublime faith;the childlike simplicity and tenderness of his nature and his sincerity of character are points which are never covered up in his works.The tenderness of his nature is particularly manifested in certain of his poetic writings and most conspicuously in those through which he has added dignity to and demonstrated some of the possibilities in,the Pennsylvania- German dialect.The Harfe has a distinctive place in literature and its songs will always live.Heimweh and Das Alt Schulhaiis An Der Krick are to-day classics among Pennsylvanians of German descent. Those who desire to learn more of the earnest life of Dr.Harbaugh are referred to The Life of Rev.Henry Harbaugh.D.D.,published as a tribute to his memory,by his son,Linn Harbaugh,Esq.,of Cham- bersburg Pennsylvania. The periods of service of the Reformed Clergymen (Salem and „^^„m •• o^%Note 68. Trinity)were as follows: Rev.Spangenberger,1786-1789.Text page 289. Rev.Weymer,1789.Reformed iicrgry- T-,r->ii-X men (Salem and Rev,Cultnig.^Trinity),time of Rev.Otterbine,...I 1700-1702.^'^"'''^'^- J 1 790-1 792. Rev.Schneider, Rev.Houtz,•. Rev.Rahauser,1792-1817. Rev.Scholl.1818-1834. Rev.Glessner,1834-1840. Rev.Bomberger,1840-1845 Rev.Appel,1845-1847. Rev.Glessner.1847-1851. Rev.Super.•1851-1862. Rev.Krebs.1862-1868. Rev.Hibshman,1868-1877. Rev.Bahner,^^'7 • 4o6 WAYNESBORO. NOTES. Note 69. Text page 290. Reformed clersy- men (St.Paul's), time of service. The periods of service of the Clergymen of St.Paul's Reformed Church were as follows: Rev.SchaefTer,1874-1876. Rev.Hotter.1876-1890. Rev.Slofflett,1890-1895. Rev.Dechant.1895-1896. Rev.Keen,' 1896 . Note 70.Ii-,tiig Reformed Mennonite Church,Samuel Stiener was the first Text page 295.minister called,1840.He died 1894.Bishop Frantz and Martin Hoover were called in 1853.Jacob Frantz died 1880.Henry B. Strickler was ordained (in Cumberland county),in 1882.Isaiah Sprenkle was called in 1884.Jacob S.Lehman was ordained in 1862 CHAPTER XIII.CHAPTER Xin. NE\VSP.\PERS. Note 71.The history of the newspapers of Franklin county possesses more Text page 304.than a passing interest,and is well worthy of being chosen the special Franklin County's work of one interested in tracing the true inwardness of affairs. pioneer newspaper,jj-jg ^remarkable fact that some of the early methods survive in part even to the present day.In the early time,in a modest and simple manner,the newspaper editor was the forceful niolder of public opinion,and not only Chambersburg but Franklin county at large,in the olden time,owes much,along many lines,to the qtxiet and unassuming work of such men as Robert Harper,George Ken- ton Harper and Joseph Pritz.It is to be hoped that some one will assume the responsibility of presenting,in proper and well digested form,this important branch of the county's history. CHAPTER XIV.CHAPTER XIV. Note 72. Text page 314. Success of the Cen- tennial. Newspaper com- ments. CELEBRATING THE CENTENNIAL. That the Centennial celebration was ?creditable success was the unqualified opinion of the thousands of strangers who visited the town during the period when the exercises were in progress.The most flattering accounts of the celebration appeared in the news- papers of the day not only throughout Eastern Pennsylvania,but in Maryland and elsewhere. As a fitting conclusion of this account,brief extracts from two or three of these friendly newspapers are presented: "Just across the Mason and Dixon line,and beneath the shad- ows of the rugged slopes of South Mountain,rise the spires and chimney tops of a picturesque and thriving little city. "Standing on the summit of the Blue Ridge,at Pen-Mar,the EXPLANATORY NOTES TO CHAPTERS.40? eyes of the observer take in a view superbly beautiful.Hun-notes. dreds of feet below the pines and sturdy timbers of the mountain there stretch out the rich and fertile fields of that ideal work of „ "' ,""!"^ nature the Cumberland Valley.In the midst of these cultivated lands,which are so carefully divided ofi by hedge and fence that they appear from the heights like a green and brown patchwork, is Waynesboro,a Southern Pennsylvania town,so close to Mary- land that it seems to belong to the domain of Lord Baltimore. "During the past week the attention of the people of three States especially has been directed to this little city,just three miles from the foot of South Mountain and eighty-two miles from Baltimore.For three days its broad and shady streets have been thronged with the people of neighboring States,while the nearby towns have literally emptied their populations—men, women,children and teams —into Waynesboro,whose hospitable residents have spread out open arms to hospitably welcome and receive them. "It has happened in the flight of time that Waynesboro has become a centenarian.Bicyclingly speaking,it had made a cen- tury,or in good old English,the town reached that pomt where it was just one hundred years old.Naturally,the people of the borough were proud of this fact and they decided to celebrate. Months ago they began.Talk drifted into suggestions,sugges- tions were molded into plans,and these,falling into the hands of men of brain,resource and energy,became the foundations of a celebration that will be talked about for years to come and told as a fireside story to children's children long after the pres- ent generation has crossed the threshold of another world. "So Waynesboro celebrated.Its big birthday party took place, the thousands came and saw and tlie town did the con(iuering. Let it be said at the start that no city,no great metropolitan center ever had a better planned and more successful celebration than this town,with its five thousand inhabitants.The men who formed and constituted the Centennial Association deserve more than mere words can express,for their efforts resulted in suc- cess,not that success so often implied by the word,but the real, genuine,and lasting success that is backed up by the unanimous opinion of everyone of that crowd of more than twenty-five thou- sand souls that saw what Waynesboro had to show.—Baltimore Herald.Sept.5,1897. "This little town (Waynesboro)to-day witnessed such an in-niihidclpliia flux of strangers as all but bewildered it.From all corners of l''-css-" the State and from other States they came,many of them liound to Waynesboro by early memories,to join in the centennial cele- bration of the town.At the present rate of increase the popula- tion of a few thousand will,before the week is closed,have swollen to upwards of fifty ihouiiRud."—Philadelphia Press.Aug. 31.1897. 4o8 WAYNESBORO. NOTES. "Chambersburg Public Opinion." "A Stroll through the streets of Waynesboro was interesting upon any attempt at comparison of the town with what it was even ten years ago.Main street,since the grading of the street and side-walks,has been transformed into one of the most at- tractive thoroughfares to be found in any town of like size in the State.The spirit of improvement which prompted this step of progress must have taken hold of the residents,who have modernized their buildings and in many ways beautified their surroundings.The other streets of the town have improved in like manner.For handsome residences,comfortable,attractive homes and beautiful lawns,Waynesboro is not surpassed by any of its neighbors. "The references to the Centennial city by the newspapers,in advance of the celebration,were all complimentary as a matter of course.'It was admirably located,'and showed that General Wayne knew whereof he spoke when somewhat over one hundred years ago,while watering his horse at a spring hard by,he ex- claimed:"What a lovely place to build up a town.'This tradi- tion is doubted by some on account of the absence of the spring. Be this as it maj-,had the General rode to the summit of Burns Hill and made his suggestion there he would have been as readilj- prompted to the observation.It affords not only a fine view of the town and its location but of a stretch of country unsurpassed anywhere.***" "This is only a slight indication (some features of the celebra- tion described)of the manner in which the people of Waynes- boro and Washington township took hold of the Centennial en- terprise and carried it forward to a magnificent conclusion.The people at once caught the inspiration of the occasion and it was the supreme desire that their friends from abroad should share with them in the festivities of the week.The thousands who visited Waynesboro during the past three days testify to the hospitality of the citizens of the town and the success of the press and committees in making this Centennial another Franklin county triumph."-—Chambersburg Public Opinian.Sept.j,iSg/. Note 73. Text page 326. AVarrant for erec- tion of monument. The following warrant for erecting the Soldiers'Monument was granted by the officers of Burns Hill Cemetery Association to the Woman's Relief Corps: To the Woman's Relief Corps.No.26,Department of Penn- sylvania,Auxilliary to the G.A.R. Burns Hill Cemetery Association in consideration of the Sol- diers'Monument and improvements now erected and made on grounds,shall alwaj-s remain and not be removed forever,do grant to them and their successors in office,forever the entire and exclusive right to Burial Lot No.i,in Section B,containing ten hundred and fifty-eight square feet in Burns Hill Cemetery. (Signed)L.J.Beard, President. J.P.Wolfif, Secretarv. GENERAL INDEX. A. Abraham,Noah,captain Ranging Co.. 166. Acrelius I.,quoted,23. Acts of Assembly. divesting Penn title.30. creating Lancaster county,50. Cumberland county,51. York county,52. Franklin county,61. incorporating Waynesboro,381.386. Academy of Music,152. Adams county — disputed land titles in.31. relation of Mason and Dixon line to, 39- Assemblymen oppose Waynesburg charter,85. militia from.179. Addresses — Gen.Stuart to his men.203,204. on Centennial occasion,315.316,318, 326-335- Agnew,James,Assemblyman.59. Allegheny county Assemblymen op- pose Waynesburg charter.85. Allison.John.Assemblyman,58.59. road viewer,'j'/. Amberson,Mrs.R.,President Wo man's Aid Society,193. W.L.,in Span.-Amer.war,258. American Land Company,31. Mfg.Company,141. Trades display,347. Population Company.31. Anderson,Osborne P..insurrectionist. 125. Anderson Troop,at Carlisle barracks, 195- Andrews,John.Assemblyman.58. Annalist,relation to history,11. Antietam,battle of,123.193. Antietam creek.Mason and Dixnn line crosses,39. description of,122. romance of,123. Indian outrages at,158. Federal reconnoissance along.244. "Antrim Greens"in war (1812),178, 396. Antrim township,created,65. derivation of name,65. area,66. early taxables,68.373. liquor stills in,396. Archives,destruction of.11. Armstrong county.Assemblyman op- poses Waynesburg charter.85. John,makes survey under Wallace warrants,45. Gen.John.86. Col.Joseph,166. Army of Northern Virginia — retreat from Gettysburg,240. operations on rear of,242-248. strength of in Penn'a..400. Arnij'of the Potomac,condition of (1862),213. Army stores destroyed in Chambers- burg,399. Ashmead,Captain,Asst.Quartermas- ter,205. Askwith,William,Union soldier,189. Association,Waynesboro Centennial, ofificers,&c.,315. A.T,H.&L.Company,151. Authorities quoted — Acrelius,L,23. Acts of Assembly.30,51.52.61,268. 381,386.. Bahner,Rev.F,F..280. "Blue Ridge Zephyr."312. Borcke,tieros Von.202. Bourns,Dr.T.C.112,159. Brown,Owen,125. Carlyle,Thomas,11. "Centennial Souvenir."312.314.etc. Chambers.George,yj. Cook,Rev.H.S..275. "Circulator,"304. 4IO WAYXESBORO. Cremer,W.C,142,393. Day,Sherman,296. Dunlap,J.,43. Du Ponceau,P.S.,25. Egle,Dr.W.H.,11,171. Fisher,J.F.,25. Gordon,T.F..11. Hartzell,Rev.C.V.,290. Hazzard S.,23. Heckewelder,J.G.E..365. Hoke,Jacob,402. Hutchinson,Rev.J.R..293. Journal of Assembly,58. Journal H.of R.,84,87. Keeler,Ralph,125. Keen,Rev.E.O.,290. Kennedy,D.M.,132. Lieber,F.,12. Loudon's "'Narratives,"106 \-j .1^9, 393- Lowe,Prof.C.R..365. Mason and Dixon Note Book,39, 40,366. McCarrell.Rev.T.C.274. McCauley,L,29.65.132,159,268, Z1Z,374- McClellan's '"Campaigns Army of Potomac."214. McClure,Col.A.K.,xi-j.128. Null,James.104-112. Orr.J.G..173. Ofificial Records U.and C.Armies, 195,198.200.203,211,^I'i.233,238, 239,241.243.246.248.249,254. Penn'a.Arch.(L Ser.),26.31,>)2.63. Penn'a.Arch.(IL Ser.),168,170.171, 172.177,179.394 Penn'a.School Journal,268. Pritz's ''Border Life,"157. Proud,R.,II,2'^.24, Records P.O.Dept.U.S..138,392. Records War Dept.U.S.,181,236. Rupp,L D..II.29,68.80. Sergeant.T..29. Smith,Charles,25.30. Stille.C.J..172,381. Stover.Rev.H.M..272. Veech.J..43. "Village Record."187-193,307. Votes of Assembly.58.59,60,61. Watson's "x\nnals,"25. Wickersham,J.P.,268. Averell.Brig.-Gen.,W.W.,operation on border,254. at Chambersburg,257. messages to.402. Avery,Isaac E.,ofificer in Early's Di- vision,241. B. Bahner,Rev.F.F..narrative of.280- 289. historical discourse,315. Baltimore,Lord.Cecelius Calvert, American land grant,22. begins boundary dispute with Penn, 34- Lord Charles,becomes a principal in boundary dispute.35. Lord Frederick succeeds to boundary- dispute,2i7- Baltimore Citj^,relation of Mason and Dixon line to,39. natural market for valley,76. volunteers march to,184. Waynesboro troops at,185. "American,"304. "Herald,"407. Baltimore &Cumberland Valley Rail- road,155. Baltimore &Ohio Railroad.155.21S. Banks and savings institutions,142, 143- Baptists,German,historj'of congrega- tion,272-4. Bar,members of,139. Bard.Archibald,159. Richard,159. "Barrens,"15,102. Bashore,George,first Election com- missioner.92. Battle,Col.Jos.A.,Confederate of- ficer,228.400. Beaver county.Assemblyman opposes Waynesburg charter,85. Beard,F.J.,commander G.A.R. Post,259. Bedford,troops at.177. "Gazette"and "Inquirer."304. Bedford county,relation of Mason and Dixon line to,38,39. Beissel.Conrad,founds Monastic So- ciety,296. GENERAI.INDEX.411 Bell.Captain,engages Early at Mon- terey,399. John,propert}'mentioned,107. Bender Jacob,militia captain,112. Lieut.Joseph,Mexican soldier,185. Berks county Assemblymen opposite Waynesburg charter,85. Besore.C.E..trade display,349. third prize,357. Bicker.Lieut.Col.Henry.Rev.soldier. 172. Biddle.Owen,letter to.63.372. Big Spring,township line intersects, 65. Biography,relation to history,11. Bird,Dr.R.M.,novelist,115. Blackburn,Polly,house mentioned, 106. Blackford.Capt.William W.,draws map (if Stuart's expedition,210. Black's Gap.Indian outrages at,159. Blakeney,William,first Election Com- missioner.91. Bloody Run (see Waynesburg). "Blue Ridge Zephyr."notice of,312. Blunston licenses,character of,29. Samuel,29,32. Board of War,Penn'a..letter from Washington to.62,,272. Board of Trade.Waynesboro.144. Boileau.N.B..Sec'y of Common- wealth,178. Bok.Edward W.,letter to.402. Bonebrake,H.G.,commander G.A. R.Post,259. wins medal of honor,261. Richard,taken prisoner,401. Borcke,Heros Von,Stuart's chief of staff,203. Borough Council (see Town Council). Borough school principals,270,403. Boroughs— demand for charters,83. general act regulating,92. oldest,387. Boundary dispute,Penn vs.Charles Calvert— beginnings,34. agreement,1732,2)^. English Court decree,36. agreement 1760.2,7. Mason and Dixon engaged.2)7- the line run.2>7 Royal ratification,38. monuments,38,39. details of survey,39-45. commissioners,names of,366. monuments,plea for.365. Bourns.John,captures an outlaw,113. cannon maker,116,117. Dr.J.C.quoted,112,159. story of outlaws,I12-114. "Bower."Stuart's camp at,202.' Boyd,Capt.^^"m.H.,attacks Jenkins, 224. exploits of,240.400. Braddock.Gen.Edmund.158. Bradner.Joseph,road viewer,77. Brandy Station,engagements at,218. P)rady,Maj.James,constructs fortifica- tions,236. .Brenneman.Sergt.W.H.,L'uion sol- dier,188. Bridgeport.Pa.,on advance route of McCausland,255. Bridgewater,battle of,183. Brisbane.Gen.William,commands Federal troops at Waynesboro, 246. Britton.W.W'.,commissioner to di- vide Waynesboro into wards,94. Brookes,:\Iaj.Gen.W.H.T..com- mands Dept.of Monongahela,22,?,- Brotherton.Col.David H.,biographi- cal mention of,260. Dr..property of mentioned,108. Lieut.James,Rev.soldier.168,169. Capt.W.H.,Union soldier.188. taken prisoner,191. Brown,Enoch,murdered by Indians, 161,162. Isaac B.,Dep'y Sec'y Int.Affairs, certifies to Wallace warrants,47. Major General,commands American forces ('1812L 183. John,insurrectionist.123,201. Owen,narrative of.125. S.H..commander G.A.R.Post,259. William,Assemblyman.58.59,6\. Bryan George.Auditor General,178. 412 WAYNESBORO. Bucks county,organization of,49. Assemblymen oppose Waynesburg charter,85. Burgesses for Waynesboro (1852-1900), 134-138. Bull.Lieut.Col.,death of,180,184. Burns Family,burial ground,160. Burns Hill Cemetery Association,326. permit to erect soldiers'monument, 408. Burns,Gen.James,commissioner to hold first borough election,92. property of mentioned,no. lieutenant and captain.181. militia general,182. Morrow,taken prisoner.242,401. Burnside,Gen.A.E..215. Butler county Assemblyman opposes Waynesburg charter.85. Butler.Col.M.C commands Confed- erate force at Chambersburg.209. CafYerty,Sergeant,wounded in skirm- | ish near Greencastle,225. Caldwell,Hugh,Rev.soldier,170. Cameron,Gen.Simon,letter to Secre- tary of War,239. to President Lincoln,249. Campbell,James.Quartermaster,169, 170. Canada,Franklin county troops serve in,168.183. Cape Henlopen,mentioned in Penn'a. grant.24. again mentioned,35.36. Captain Walker Post,G.A.R..organ- ization and membership.258,259. Carbaugh,Theodore M.,Union sol- dier,189. Carlisle,seat of justice at.53. rate of increase in population,99. land transaction at.171. troops at,177,197. attacked by Confederates,243. '"Kline's Gazette'"and "American Volunteer."mentioned,304. Carlyle,Thomas,([uoted,11. Carnahan.Maj.John,Rev.soldier,169. Cassatt.W..'\..Union soldier.187. Cave,"Needy's.''under Waynesboro. 132. Cease,Hiram,Union soldier.189. Ceder Spring,Chambers land on,34. Centennial of Waynesboro —- Addresses and historical discourses, 315.316,318,.326-335. Association of^cers,&c.,315. Celebration of,314-364. Newspaper comments on,406.408. Program,official,315,361-364. "Souvenir,"notice of,312. Chambers,Benjamin.Sr.,Agent for Pennsylvania in land dispute,31. secret mission to Maryland,32. commissioner to England on bound- ary question,yj- commissioner to erect Cumberland county,52. autograph,55. Captain Benjamin,autograph,55,63. Hon.George,quoted as authority, James,autograph,55,62. applies for prothonotaryship,(i2. chosen captain,167. promoted lieutenant-colonel,168. promoted colonel,168. writes about rioters,174. Brigadier-General,commands troops in Excise war,176. letter to Supreme Ex.Council,371. inquiry from Gen.Washington concerning,ZT^- Chambersburg— founder of mentioned,37. relation of Mason and Dixon line to, 38. citizens petition Assembly,56. opposed as county seat,53,57. fixed as county seat,60. rate of increase in population,99. "Liberty poles"in,174. troops go to Baltimore.185. Federal troops at,195,206,236,245. 253.254. Confederate troops at,208,222.227- 229,256. captured by Stuart.205-210. military stores in,206. Home Guard.207. GENERAL INDEX.413 stores destroyed.210. treatment of citizens by enemy,22^. military situation in (1864).255. sacking and burning of,250-258. favors new county,369. names of petitioners.370. "Public Opinion."clipping from,408. Chambers Town (see Chambersburg). Charles I.of England,land grant to Cecelius Lord Baltimore.22. to Sir Edmund Plowden,22. Charles II.of England,land grants to James,Duke of York.23. to William Penn,22,.24. Charter,incorporating Waynesburg, granted,86. repealed,87. revived for Waynesboro.89. texts of Acts of Assembly,381.386. Charters,corporate,demand for,83. Chesapeake Bay.included in Penn's charter,35. Cherry Run,Federal pickets at,254,255. Chester county,original seal of.20. relation of Mason and Dixon line to,39- assemblymen oppose Waynesburg charter.85. Chester,town of.seat of justice,50. Chippewa,battle of,183. Christiana Bridge,boundary commis- sioners meet at.41. Churches,history of.2-j2-'Tf>2,- Congregations,German Baptist,or Dunkard,272,273. Presbyterian,274,275. Lutheran,275-279. Reformed,280-289. Methodist Episcopal.290-293. United Brethren in Christ.293,294. Reformed Mennonite.294. St.Stephen's Episcopal.295. St.Andrew's Roman Catholic.296. African Methodist Episcopal.296. Seventh Day Baptists (Snow Hill Society).296. Mormons.299. part taken by.in the Centennial.315, 316. time of service of ministers.404,405, 406. Clay Lick,Penna..on route of Stuart, 205. Clark,William,Surveyor General,is- sues patent for Wallace lands,46. William.Lieut.-Col.,Rev.soldier, 168,169. Clayton.J.H.,patentee of Wallace lands,48. a militia captain.1 12. John,property of mentioned,109. Clear Spring.Federal pickets at.254. 255- Clergymen,native,139. lists of,274,275,289,290,293. Cochran,George property mentioned, 109. J.,member of Assembly.84. John,first borough election at home of.90. tavern kept by.105. Coleman.Robert,assemblyman.60. 'Concord Light Infantrj-."delinquents in.178. leave for the war (1812).396. Connecticut titles,mentioned.31. Conner,William,taken prisoner.399. Thomas,taken prisoner,399. "Connococheague Herald."history of, 303- Connococheague settlement (see Greencastle). "Contrabands"drive wagons to Cham- bersburg,206. flight of.221. Cook,Rev.Herman S..narrative of, 275-280. historical discourse.315. Capt.John E..portrait,124. story of capture of.125-132. Thaddeus,Union soldier,189. William,Rev,soldier,168. Cooper,Jeremiah,Union soldier.190. William,store of.mentioned,106. Coppoc.Barclay,insurrectionist.125. Corkery (or Coskery).Michael,pur- chases Wayntsboro lots.80. Corporations (local),officers and di- rectors of,140.141.142. Cort.Rev.Cyrus C.161. Couch.Maj.Gen.Darius N. 414 WAYNESBORO. commands Dtpartment of Susque- hanna,233. portrait,233. fortifies Harrisburg,236. advances troops into the valley,243. commands at Chambersburg (1864), 253- troops under,254. retires from Chambersburg,256. Counties,organization,division and stib-division,49-66. original Pennsylvania.49. Cowles,Capt.W.H.H..destroys army stores at Chambersburg.209,210, 399- Coxe,John,presents petition for Waynesburg charter.87,88. Craft.George,house mentioned,39. Crawford county,assemblymen oppose Waynesburg charter.85. Crawford.Lieut.Edward,applicant for prothonotary.62. appointed,63. autograph,63. petition to Supreme Ex.Council, 371- Hugh.Indian interpreter with Ma- son and Dixon.41. Crebs.Lieut.Joseph H..185. Cremer.W.C.historical work.142, 393- Cresap,Capt.Thomas,foments land disputes.31. Crook.Maj.Gen.George.L^nion of- ficer.215. Crooke.Brig.-Gen.P.St.G..Union officer at Waynesboro.246.247. Crouse.Daniel,property mentioned, 107. John.])roperty mentioned.107. Crunkleton.Joseph,early settler.67, 76. Culbertson.Lieut.Col.Robert,Rev. ofificer.169. Samuel.Assemblyman.58. Culpepper Court House.Confederate army at.218. Cumberland county established.52. division of demanded.53. Assembly petitioned with respect to, 53.56,57.58. Assembly acts on division,58-61. law passed,62. troops from,167,179. Cumberland.Maryland,relation of Mason and Dixon line to,39. Cumberland Valley,adverse land claimants in,17. first German settlements in.t8. Scotch-Irish pioneers in.19. title to lands in.26,27.28. disputes with Maryland settlers,31. character of the people.73.74. in war.Indian.156-166. Revolution,166-173. against excise,173-177. 1812-1814.177-185. unjust treatment of people of,219, 220. advance of Confederate forces through,221-229. streams of.391. Cumberland Valley Railroad shops and track destroyed,209. trade display,347. Cummings,Frank,Span.-Amer.sol- dier.258. Cumulative voting,in general borough act.93. Cunningham.Capt.James,M.D , Confederate officer,241. Mrs.T.S.acknowledgments to.7, 396. Curtin,Gov.Andrew G..war Gove - nor.fears invasion.195. asks for troops,196. secures troops at Carlisle,197. Sends news to the President,198. reports Stuart's raid.199. portrait.221. preparations of to meet invasion, 221.232,233-239. message to McC'ellan..98. Custis,Martha Dandridge,mentioned. 202. D. Dahlgreen.Cai:it.LUrich.exploits o'', 401. Darkesville.Va..204. Davis,George.Union soldier,189. GENERAL INDEX.415 Davison,William,store mentioned, 106. Day,Sherman,quoted,296. Dean boys murdered by Indians,162. Deatrich,David C,commander G.A. R.Post,259. Decarbonated Lime and Stone Com- pany,142. Dechert,William,property mentioned, 109. Delau'are,in Plowden's grant,22. relation to Penn'a.,49. Delaware county Assemblymen oppose Waynesboro charter,85. Department of the Monongahela cre- ated,233. Department of the Susquehanna cre- ated,2S2. character of troops in,236. Denning,William,cannon maker,116, 117. Doanes,The,mentioned,112. Dock,Captain,bandmaster,192. Doctors of Medicine,140. Dodge,Captain R.I.,constructs for- tifications,236. Donegal mentioned,Ti3. Downey,Mrs.E.,Sec'y Woman's Aid Society,193. Dougan,Thomas,Governor of New York,26,27. Duncan,Stephen,Assemblyman,58, 59. Dunkard creek,surveyors at,41. Dunlap.Col.James,Rev.soldier,43, 168,169. Capt.S.S.,Confederate officer,209. Dunn,Capt.Samuel,soldier (1812), 180. autograph,181. Du Ponceau,P.S.,quoted,25. Dustan,George,murdered by Indians, 162. Dickson,Ben.,Indian marauder,158. Diebold.John A.,commander G.A. R.Post,259. Dime Saving Fund,&c.,143. Disert,James,property mentioned, 107. Ditch,David,Union soldier,189. Divesting act passed,30. Di.xon,Jeremiah,boundary surveyor, 37-45.loi. Early,Maj.-Gen.Jubal A.,occupies Waynesboro.223.230-232. portrait,230. camps at Greenwood,231. goes to York and Wrightsvile.231. recalled to Gettysburg,232. retreats from Gettysburg,240. losses of,241.242. orders to burn Chambersburg.257. at Monterey.399. letters from.402. Education,early,account of,263-271. Edwards,Thomas,commissioner,51. Egle,Dr.W.H..(|Uoted.11,171. Elder,Capt.James E.,Union officer, 189. Electric Clock \\'orks.142. Light and Power Company,143. Elizabeth,Queen of England.70. Embley,William,Union soldier,190. Emmert Vise Company.142. Emmittsburg.troops at.254. England,forces of Intolerance in.69. English Court of Chancery,bill in.36. Erie,troops at,179. Erie county Assemblymen oppose Waynesburg charter,85. Everett (Bloody Run),formerly called Waynesburg.80. Ewell,Lieut.Gen.Richard S..ad- vances into Penn'a.,223. portrait,22^. headquarters,224,227. recalled to Gettysburg,229. Ewen,Brig.-Gen.John,L'^nion officer, 246. Excise uprising against,173-177. Eyster.J..Mli'^on.193. Fahnestock,Nancy,patentee of Wal- lace lands.48. Peter,160. Pahrncj'.Lewis,property mentioned, 109. "Fair Play Men"mentioned.31. 4i6 WAYNESBORO. Fairview Heights,signal station.J04. Falling Spring,Chambers'home,32. Fannet township created.65. liquor stills in.296. Fannettsburg,troops from,180. Fayette county,relation of Mason and Dixon line to,39. Fenton,Col.James,officer (1812),180, 184. Findlay.Governor William,approves Waynesburg charter,86. Findley,Col.John,officer (1812),185. Fifth Regiment,Penn'a.militia,180. Fire companies,151. First National Bank,142. Fisher,L.S.,Union soldier,187. J.F.,quoted,25. Fitzhugh,Cleggett,captures Cook, 128. Flag,First Penn'a.Regiment,167,394. Flags,display of during war,190. Flannagan,Edward,property men- tioned,III. John.Election Commissioner,91. officer (1812).185. roll of company.397. Floyd,Mrs.E.M..patentee,48. Foreman.B.H.&Co..trade display, 349. Lieut.Jacob.Rev.officer.169.170. Robert,Rev.soldier,170. Forests,a plea for.391. Forthman &Miller,trade display.357. Fort Frederick and Loudoun men- tioned by surveyors,40. Henry Clay,opposite Harrisburg, 236.relative to map of.401. Sumter,186,187. Washington (Rev)..172. Washington,opposite Harrisburg, 236,relative to map of,401. Fox.George,14. France,forces of Intolerance in,69. Franklin county — relation of Mason and Dixon's line to,39- erection of demanded,53. petitions to Assembly,53.56.57.58. Legislative action.58-61. law passed,62. strife for office in.63. earlv taxables in.68. first land values,68. census of,94. increase in population.99. Centennial Convention.165. Historical Society,165. troubles with Indians.156-166. in the Revolution.166-188. Associators.172. in the excise war.173-177. li(|U()r stills in.172.396. excise riots,173. "Liberty poles,"174. visit of Washington,175, militia from,179. Mormons in.299-303. slavery in,387. mountains of,390. first troops (1812),396. Frick Company,140. trade display,347. Frick.Col.Jacob G.,Union officer, 246. Fritzes,The.mentioned,112. Freemasons,Lodge of,147. Freemen.Washington township.^73- 377- French.Adam,property mentioned, 108. Corp.James B..Union soldier,188. Col.W.H.,Confed.officer.241. French and Indian Wars,156. Frey.Peter,Rev.soldier,170. Fry,John,property mentioned,109. Col.Smith D..verses by,118. Stevens,property mentioned.109. Fullerton,David,State Senator,88. Fulton county,relation of Mason and Dixon's line to.39. mentioned by surveyors,40. Fulton,William,property of men- tioned,108. Funk.David,property mentioned,105. Jacob.Union soldier.187.189. Martin,property mentioned.108, 109. Gabriel.Abraham.Rev.soldier,168. Garber.Capt.A.W..Confed.officer, 241. Gas Company.143. Gehr.Daniel O.,store mentioned,108. GENERAL INDEX.417 Geiser Mfg.Company.141. trade display.348. Germans,first settlements of,18. characteristics of,"JZ- Germany,forces of Intolerance in,60. Gettysburg,battle of,217-250. "Compiler,"304. Gettysburg Railroad,155. Gibbons,Capt.James,Rev.officer, 172. Gilmore,Maj.Harry W.,burns Cham- bersburg,257. portrait.257. John.Assemblyman,84. Gipe,Corp.Samuel,Union soldier. 188. Godyn,Samuel,land grant of.35. Gold.Thomas,captures Nugent,115. Gonder.William,Union soldier,189. Good Brothers,trade display,349, second prize,357. Good Henry,patentee of Wallace lands,48. Gordon,Alexander,home of,ic6. Hans,home of,106. Brig.-Gen.J.B.,Confed.officer, 209,241. Patrick,Governor,recommends di- vision of Chester county,50. Polly,house of,mentioned,106. Capt.Samuel,106,181. roll of company (1814),396. T.F..quoted,11. Gossert,Cyrus,Union soldier.189. Gossert.Daniel,commander G.A.R. Post,259. Grand Army of the Republic,Walker Post,organization and member- ship,258,259. Graybill,Henry.Union soldier.187. Michael,gaoler of York county,115. Great Britain,second war with,177- 185. Green,Capt.C.A.,Confed.officer, 241. Greencastle,Mason and Dixon visit, 41- wants county seat,57. petitions to Assembly,57,370. early settlers,67,76. Indian massacre near.162. home of Ma.ior Wood.180. troops from.185. skirmish near,224. Averell retires to,255. Green county,relation of Mason and Dixon line to.39. Guilford township created,65. liquor stills in,396. Guitner's School House,Indian mas- sacre at,162. Grass,William,Rev.soldier,170. Grumbine,John G..commander G..\. R.Post.259. Peter,property mentioned.109. H. Hagerstown.Maryland — relation of Mason and Dixon line to.39. increase of population.99. Stuart threatens.204. Lee retreats to.242. Penn'a.troops at.245. Confed.demonstration near.255. "Herald and Torchlight.'"and "Mail,"304. Hairston,Maj.J.T.W.,Confed.pro- vost marshal,204. Hall.Colonel,mentioned.32.},},. Ruth,murdered by Indians,162. Halleck,Gen.H.W.,policy of,195. 196. sends Reynolds to Penn'a..197. communication to McCIellan.216. Hamilton.Alexander,]iroperty men- tioned,106,III. Hamilton township created,65. liquor stills in,396. Hampton,Gen.Wade,occupies Cham- bersburg,208. military governor,209. portrait,209. "Hawks of Hawk Hollow,"reference to,115. Hayes,Brig.-Gen.Harry T..Confed. officer,241. Capt.Frederick,company of,396. Hassinger.David.Assemblyman.88. 4t8 WAYNESBORO. Hastings.Gov.D.H.,address.341. Hazzard,Samuel,quoted,23. Heck,Ludwick,Assemblyman,84. Heckwelder.quoted,365. Hendricks.Captain William,167. Henicle,Henry,Union soldier,189. Henry IV..King of France.69. Henry.Samuel.Indian prisoner.159. Heptasophs.Lodge of,148. Herr.John H..quartermaster.Union. 188. Hill.Lieut.Gen..Ambrose P..Confed- erate officer,in Penn'a..227. recalled to Gettysburg.230. Hoeflich.Joel,house mentioned,106. Lieut.Samuel.Union soldier,188. William,patentee of Wallace lands, 48. Hoge,Jonathan.Assemblyman.58. Hogg.Rebecca Wallace,82. children John.Nancy.William.82. Hoke.Jacob,quoted.402. Brig.-Gen.R.F..Confed.officer. 241. Hollenberger.John,property men- tioned,107. Hollenberger Corp.W.S..Union sol- dier,188. Hand,Col.Edward,Rev.officer.168, Harbaugh,Eli.property mentioned. 109. Rev.Henry.D.D..biographical mention of.404. Linn.405. Hardwicke,Lord Chancellor,decree in boimdary dispute.36. Harmer.Lieut.-Col.Josiah.rev.of- ficer.172. Harper.Capt.Michael,officer (1812) 178. company of,396. Robert,printer's receipt.176. Harper's Ferry,insurrectionists.123. Harratt,Harry,tavern mentioned.109 Harris.John.Assemblyman.58. Harrisburg.Penn'a — military department at.233. defenses,236. map of defenses.*236. threatened by Confederates.238. military operations at.189.194-199, 232-250. Hart.James.Rev.soldier.170. Ruth,murdered by Indians,162. Hartranft,Gov.John F.,signs land patent.48. Hartman.A.,taken prisoner,399. Hartzell,Rev.Charles V..narrative of,290-293. historical discourse.316. Holliday.William,road viewer."]"/. Hollinger.Daniel,taken prisoner,401. John,Union soldier,187. Hollingsworth.Thomas,property mentioned,109. militia captain,iii. Hooker,Mai.Gen.Joseph,grievance of.197. communication from.398. Hopewell township,petition from,53. •created.65. divided,65. Horner.Eli.house mentioned,105. Hostages taken from Pennsylvania. 210. Housum,Capt.Peter B.,Union sol- dier,189. Howley,Lieut.W.W.,Union signal officer.204. Himter,Ephraim,captures an outlaw, 114,115,389. Hutchinson.Rev.J.R..narrative of, 293-4- Huss.John,14. I, Imboden,Gen.J.D.,Confed.officer in Pennsylvania,230. Indiana county Assemblyman opposes Waynesburg charter,85. Indians — home of,15. Six Nations agree to surveys,17. in Susquehanna Valley.25. conveyances,Gov.Dougan and Penn.26,27,28. join Mason and Dixon.41. rendezvous of,lOi. take prisoners,159. GENERAL INDEX.419 outrages by,159.160. pursuit and punishment of.160,166. murder schoolmaster and children, 161,162. names of tribes.365. John McCullough on.393. Ireland,forces of Intolerance in.69. Irvin John,married Rebecca Wallace, 82. John.Jr..82. Irvine.Col.William.Rev.officer,168, 176. Irwin.Col.Jared.officer (1812).177. Maj.Samuel,Rev.soldier.168.169. J- Jack,James,road viewer.77. Capt.Patrick.Rev.officer,169,170. Jackson.Harne.Union soldier,187. Jacobs,Miss Julia,unveils soldeirs' monument,326. James.Duke of York,land grant to, 23- grant from to Penn,23,24. James I.,King,comes to throne of England,71. Jefferson county Assemblyman op- poses Waynesburg charter.85. Jenkins,Brig.-Gen.Albert G..Confed- erate,advances into Penn'a..222. skirmish with near Greencastle.224. advances on Harrisburg.227. recalled to Gettysburg,229. issues citizens'pass.400. Johnson,Brig.-Gen.Bradley T.,ad- vances into Pennsylvania.223. recalled to Gettysburg.230. at Chambersburg.253. Johnston Charles,reward for.114 . Col.James.Assemblyman.59. early settler.67.76. captures an outlaw.113.114. Rev.officer.169. John,property mentioned.107. Maj.John,Rev.officer,169. Adjt.Thomas.Rev.officer.169. Jones.Lieut.Col.H.P..Confed.of- ficer.241 Col.Wm.E..Confed.officer.208. Jordan.Matthew.Rev.soldier.170. Jr.O.U.A.M.,Lodge of,147. K. Keen.Rev.Edward O..narrative of. 290. Keith.Sir William.Lieut.Gov.of Penn'a.,28. Kelker.Wm.A.,communication to, 401. Keeler.Ralph,quoted,125. Kelly.Christopher,letter from.192. Kennedy,Daniel M..quoted.132. Col.Thomas B..surrenders Cham- bersburg,208. Kent county,original seal.20. part of Pennsylvanja,49. "Keystone Gazette."history of.310- 312. Kilpatrick.Gen.J..Union officer,242. Kimmel.Hon.Francis M..provost marshal.208. j Kittochtinny Valley (see Cumberland Valley)' Knights,Golden Eagle,146.149.150. I Pythias.146. ' Knipe.Brig.-Gen.Jos.F.,Union of- ficer at Waynesboro,245,247. portrait.245. Koons.Abram.property mentioned. 109. Kurtz,L.B..prisoner of war,191. Lamberton.Col.James,Brigade In- spector,179. Lancaster,notified of Maryland raid, 33- relation of Mason and Dixon line to, .38. proposed as seat of government.60. Lancaster county established.51. Assemblymen oppose Waynesburg charter.85. commissioners to erect.367. Landis Tool Company.141. Lands west of Susquehanna.15. attitude of ALirvdand claimants.17. titles of in Penn'a.,21. Lord Baltimore's grant for,22. Sir E.Plowden's grant for.22. Wm.Penn's charter for.23.24. erected into manors,28-29. 420 WAYNESBORO. proprietary title divested,30. conflict of titles.31. disputed boundaries.34. early values,68. relation of roads to,TJ. Wallace title to,103. Latta Ephraim,Rev.soldier,168. Lauderbaugh,A.B.,commissioner,94. C.taken prisoner,399. Lawyers in Waynesboro,139. Lebanon county Assemblyman op- poses Waynesburg charter,85. Lechler,Mrs.W.,Vice-Pres.Woman's Aid Society,193. Lee,General Robert E.,moves north- ward,194. orders Stuart into Penna.,200. invasion of Pcnn'a.(1863),217-232. retreat from Penn'a.,240-250. expects to fight again,249. escapes into Virginia,250. strength of army in Penn'a.,400. Lieut.T.C,Confed.,Chambersburg surrenders to,207. Col.W.H.F.,Confed.,at Cham- bersburg,208. attacks Carlisle,243. Letterkenny township created,65. stills in,396. Liberty,Anglican idea of,72. "Liberty Poles"in Franklin county, 174. Lidy,G.Frank,commander G..A.R. Post,259. Lieber,Francis,quoted,72. Lincoln,/Abraham,President U.S.— asks for news,198,238. calls for 100.000 men,234. communication from,248. fears Lee's escape.249. Little,Joseph,Union soldier,187. Logan,Daniel,mountaineer,128. Hugh captures Cook,128. Lizzie,property mentioned,no. Long,John,Rev.soldier,170. Longinare.Peter.Rev.soldier,168. Longstreet,Lieut.-Gen.James,Con- fed.,advances into Penn'a.,iiy. goes to Gettysburg,229. "Lost County"(Yohogania),de- scribed,44. Loudon,.-\.."Narratives,'"quoted, 106,157,159.393- Louis XIIL of France,comes to the throne,69. Louis XIV.of France,reign of,70. Lowe,Prof.C.R.,quoted.365. Lowndes,Governor of Maryland,ad- dress,344. Lowther Manor,land grant in,34. barrens in.102. where situated,365. Lum.Columbus,Union soldier,187. Lundy's Lane,battle of,181,183. Lurgan township,petitions from,53, 56. opposes new county,61,367. petitioners,368. stills in,396. Luther,Martin,14. Lutheran congregation,history cf, 275-280. part in Centennial celebration,315. M. Macfie,Capt.J.F.,Confed.provost marshal,209. Magaw,David,commissioner,52. Robert,Assemblyman,59. Rev.officer,171,172. William,Assemblyman,51. Magrow,The Sisters,property men- tioned,III. Mail,C.S.A.,captured.401. Maneelv.Maj.C.H.,Union officer, 256: Manors,Proprietary— Springetsburg erected,28. described,29. Lowther mentioned,34,102,365. Maps.Stuart's route through Penn'a. (1862),211. fortfications at Harrisburg,* .*236. Marie de Medici,69. Martin,David,Union soldier,190. Maryland,land claimants from,17. Baltimore's grant for,22. dispute with Pennsylvanians,39. boundary dispute.34-45. troops from.176. address by governor.344. GENERAL INDEX.42 [ emergency troops (1863),234. Mason,Charles,surveys boundary line, 37-45,lOI. Mason and Dixon Line,survey of,T,y- 45- completion of western end,42. monuments and markers,38,39,43. section of,42. mentioned,loi,102. survey notes.39,40.366. Mathews,James,soldier Span.-Amer. War,258. Maugans,Martin,Union soldier,187. Mazarine,Cardinal,power of,70. McBride,Hannah,Indian prisoner, 159. McCarrell,Rev.Thomas C,narrative of.274-5. historical discourse,315. address,326. McCartney,Dr.John,reward for,114. McCauley,Isaac,quoted,29,65,132, 159,268,Z7Z.374. McCausland,Brig.-Gen.John,ordered to destroy Chambersburg,253. McClay,William,Assemblyman,59, 87. McClean,Alexander,boundary com- missioner,42. Moses,Assemblyman.59. McClellan,John.Jr.,road viewer.77. Gen.George B.,fears invasion of Penn'a.,195. sends Gen.Porter to,196. declines to send Reynolds,197. plans to capture Stuart.213-216. Halleck's message to,216. communication from.398. McClelland.William,autograph of, 179. brigade inspector,177,178,179,180. McClintock,Joseph,Rev.soldier.170. McClure,Col.Alex.K..127,128,,195, 2C8. "McClure Rifles,"188.189. McConnellsburg,McCausland retires to,257. McCormack.John,commissioner,52. McCoy's Ferry,troops cross,204. Federal pickets at,254,255. McCoy.Robert,commissioner.52. McCray.John,Rev.soldier,170. McCullough,Archie,scalped by In- dians.162. John,narrative of.158,165.393. McCumsey,Joshua,prisoner of war, 191. McDonough,J..Union soldier.189. McDowell.John,taken prisoner,399. McElroy.Andrew,property m n- tioned.no. McGowan,Captain T.S..Union sol- dier,254. Mcintosh,Col.J.B.,attacks Lee's re an 242. message from.243. reconnoissance by,244. leaves Waynesboro,245. Mclntyre,James,commissioner,52. McKeon,Francis,early schoolmaster. 264,403. McKisson.Mr..Indian i)risoner.159. McKown.George.soldier Span.- Amer.War,258. McLean,Lieut.H.C,Union officer, operations along the border.254- 256. at Chambersburg,402. McLene.James,Assemblyman,59. McManemy.Daniel.Indian prisoner. 159- McPherson.Robert.Assemblyman. 60. McReynolds.Gen.,flight of wagon train,221. Meade,Gen.George,assumes com- mand of troops under Couch,.44. after Gettysburg,249. Meadville.Penn'a..rendezvous at.177. Mechanics Steam Fire Engine Com- pany.151. Mennonite Reformed congregation, history of.294-5. Mentzer &Clugston.trades display and prize,357. Mercer county Assemblymen oppose Waynesburg charter,85. Mercersburg,Penn'a..taken by Stuart.204. by ^IcCausIand.255. "Riflemen,"178.396. Meriam.Frank J..125. 422 W'.WXESBORO. Metal township.65. Methodist Episcopal congregation, history of,290-293. part in the Centennial celebration, 316. Mickley.John,Union soldier,187.189. Simon,patentee of Wallace lands, 48. Mifflin,Gov.Thomas,signs patent,46. commander-in-chief,176. Milroy,Gen.R.H.,defeat of 221. Militia in Revolution.168.169. excise war,176. war.1812-14,177. tours of duty and fines,170,178. Miller.Hugh,sheriff of York county, 114.US- John property mentioned,109. Ministers of the Gospel (see Clergy- men.) Minshall.John,lands mentioned,50. '"Missouri Compromise."the slavery line.45. Mitchell.James,commissioner,51. Monocacy creek,Stuart crosses,212. Monongahela.Department of the, created,233. Mont Alto Railroad,155. Monterey.Confed.wagon train at- tacked at,242. Montgomery county,49. Moore.Joseph.Rev.soldier.168. Moorhead.David.Union soldier.187. 189. Morehead.Thomas,property men- tioned.108. Morganthall.John,property men- tioned,no. Mormons,history of.in Franklin county,299-303. Mosser,Rev.B.H..address.318-323. "Mount Vernon,"Wallace lands called.46,T7. "Mulatto Bob,"Stuart's servant.202.' Mumper,John,soldier Span.-Amer. War,258. N. Nantes,Edict of,mentioned,69. Nauss,Philip,Rev.soldier,168. Neill.Brig.-Gen.Thomas A.,attacks Lee's rear,242. leaves Waynesboro,245. Neville.Joseph,of Virginia,boundary commissioner,42. New Albion,Plowden's grant for,22. New Castle in Penn's grant,24. New Castle county,part of Penn'a.,49, New Jersey included in Plowden grant, 22. troops from,176. New Kingston,Confederates camp at. 227. Newspapers during war..187. history of Waynesboro,304-313- notice of Centennial,408. Newville.on Big Spring.65. monument at,117. New Netherland in grant to Duke of York,23. New York,troops from (1863),234. Nicholass's Gap,description of,loi. Noon.John,property mentioned.108. Nugent,Benjamin,reward for,114. William,reward for,114. Nugents et al..proclamation for arrest of,388. reward claimed.389. Null.James,recollections of,104-112. "Nunnery,"brief history of,296-7. O. Oaks,Captain Andrew,company of, 396. Henry,property mentioned,no. Octorara creek,boundary of Lancas- ter county,51. Odd Fellows.Lodges of,145.149- fiftieth anniversary celebrated,323- 326. Oellig,Dr.John,property mentioned, 109. Official Records U.and C.Armies, quoted.19S.198.200,203.211,223, 233.238,239,241,243,246,248,249, •254. Ohio,quota of troops from,234. Old Telescope,destruction of.366. Oiler,John,taken prisoner,401. Orr,John G..quoted,173. Outlaws,story of capture,ii2-n5.388, 389- GENERAL IXDKX.42: Palmer,Captain W.J.,operations in Cumberland Valley,194,197,198. autograph,194. Parnell's Knob,noted by surveyors, 40,390. Pass,Confederate text of,400. Patapsco Guards,at Chambersburg, 254. P.O.S.of A.,Lodge of,150. Patterson,David,patentee of Wallace lands,48. Patton,Captain Samuel,officer,Indian war,166. Pawlin,Henry,road viewer,"]"]. Paxton,John,taken prisoner,399. Peale,Charles Wilson,mentioned,387. "Peale's Museum,"no. Peerless Aid Society,T48. Pelham.Captain John.Confed.artil- lerist,208,212.. Pen Mar Distillery.142. Penn,William,"an holy experiment," 14. charter to,22,- area of province,24. policy of,24. treatment of Indians.25. dealings with Gov.Doiigan,26. treaties with and conveyances from Indians,26,27,28. John,joins in Indian deed,28. Richard,joins in Indian deed,28. Thomas,grant to Benjamin Cham- bers,2>Z- Pennsborough township created,65. Pensinger,Jacob,commissioner,94. Pennsylvania — home of hunted sects,14. original provincial seals of,20. land titles,21-48. First Continental Regiment,167. Sixth Continental Regiment,168, 171.17-'- quota of troops (1794),174. Lee's army,threatens,194. Stuart's expedition into.199-216. Lee's invasion of.217-250. military situation in (1863),220. Reserve Corps,220. quota of emergency troops (1863), -\34- address by Governor of,341. oldest boroughs in,387. civil divisions with prefix Wayne 389. Continental flag.First Regiment, 394- Pennsylvania Archives (I.Ser.), quoted,26,31,32,63. Archives (II.Ser.).quoted,168.170. 171.^72,177.179.394- Pennsylvania School Journal,268. Pennsylvania Telephone Company, 144. People's National Bank,142. Pepper as a medium of exchange,365. Perviance,John,Union soldier,189. Peters,Richard,custodian of boun- dary survey,42. Peters township created,65. stills in,396. Philadelphia county,original seal of. 20. organization of,49. Assemblymen oppose Wayne s^urg charter,85. Philadelphia "Press"quoted,407. Physicians in Waynesboro,140,392. Pickett,Maj.Gen.George E..de- stroys railroad property,229. goes to Gettysburg,230. Pierce,Caleb commissioner.51. Pilkington.Corp.1.G..Union soldier 188. Wilson,Union soldier,189. Piper,Col.William,officer (1812-14), 177- Pittsburg,troops leave,177. military department at.i^^T)- Plank,Wilbur,soldier Span.-Anier. War,258. Pleasanton,Gen.Alfred,LTnion officer. 212,215. Plowden,Sir Edmund,land grant to. 22. Poe.James.Senator.83.84, Thomas.Adjutant,180.182. Poictiers.Edict of.mentioned,69. Pontiac War,158. 424 WAYNESBORO. '"Poor House,"no. Porter,Brig.-Gen.Andrew,assigned to Penna.,196. Brig.-Gen.Peter B..letter from, 183. autograph,184. Postmasters of Waynesboro,138.139, 39^- Potomac (or Potomack)river,17,102, 204,212,249. Potter,Thomas,159. Gen.James,159. Presbyterian congregation,history of, 274-5. part in Centennial celebration,315. Pritz.Joseph,quoted,157. Prisoners of war,191,192,210,399,401. Price,George,property mentioned, III. George F.,Union soldier,187. Proctor Brig.-Gen.Thomas,176. Proud,Robert,historian,quoted,n, 23,24. Purviance,Col.John,177. Q. Quincy,liberty pole near,174. on route of Early,231. Quincy township created,66. R. Railroads,history of,152,155. Ralfsnider,Henry,Rev.soldier,170, Ramage,Josias,Rev.soldier,168. Ranging companies,Indian wars,166. Rankin,William,Rev.soldier,170. Rates and Levies,early Washington township,68. Ray,Lewis,property mentioned,107. Rea,John,Senator.87. captain,170. Reading Room Association,150. Records,U.S.P.O.Department,138. 392. U.S.War Department,181.236. Red Men,Lodges of,145,149. Reed.Almon H.,Assemblyman,88. Reed Joseph,proclamation,114. Refugees,flight of,221. Reges,Capt.Henry,company of,396. Religious denominations— (see Churches) Religious persecution,effect of,11. Renfrew Sisters,murder of.159,160. Revolutionary War,167-173. Reynolds,Maj.John F.,assigned to Penn'a.,197,398, Mrs.Mary J.,Pres.Woman's Re- lief Corps,260. Rice,Perry A.,dies in imprisonment, 399- Richelieu,Cardinal,power of,70. Rider,H.S.^commander G.A.R. Post,259. Riddlesberger,Lieut.John.Rev.sol- dier,169. Rigdon,Sidney,Mormon elder,por- trait,300. Rigsbe,Colonel,32,33. Rihl,Corporal,Union soldier,killed, 224. monument to.225. Rihl Post.G.A.R.,erect monument, 227. Riley,James,property mentioned,no. J.Wilson,property mentioned,109. makes war address,iSS. Rippey,Allen,property mentioned, 107. Captain William,168. Rittenhouse.David,surveys boundary, 37- telescope used by,43. Roads,certain projected,76. Robeson,Andrew,Assemblyman,83. 84. Rock Run Ferry,Col.Chambers crosses.32. Rhodes,Maj.Gen.Robert E..ad- vances into Penn'a.,223. goes to Gettysburg.229. Rohrer &Rhinehart,trade display, 350. Rosborough John,reward for,114. Rosser,Maj.J.T.,Confed.officer,209. Rouser,James J..Union soldier.190. Row.Abram,property mentioned,in. Jere.LTnion soldier,189. John.LTnion soldier,190. GENERAL INDEX.425 Royal Arcanum.Lodge of,146. Royer,Jacob.Union soldier.189. Capt.Samuel,Rev.soldier.168,169. 170. Rupley,George G.,taken prisoner. 399- Rupp,I.D..quoted.11,29.68.80. Rush,Jacob,Assemblyman,60. Russ,John.Union soldier.189. Russell.Capt.D.B..185. Ryan,John,Jr.,Assemblyman,87. S. Salem Reformed congregation,history of,280-289.315. Sanno.Capt.E.B..Union soldier, 254-257. Sanders,Jonas and Levi,107. '"Sandy Flash,'"115. Saving Institutions.142,143. School Loan,268. Schools,history of,263,271,403. Schuylkill county.Assemblymen op- pose Waynesburg charter,85. Schvvenkfeld.Hans Kasper von,14. Scotch-Irish,settlers.19."]}). Scotland.Penna.,bridge attacked,200. 201. Scott,Col.Thomas A.,234. Secret societies,145-150. Sedgwick.Major Gen.John,attacks Lee.242. Sergeant.T.,quoted,29. Settlers,early,67,76,372. Seventh-Day Baptists.history of. 296-7. Shaffer,Daniel,taken prisoner.399. Shaver.Peter.Rev.soldier.169. Shimpstown.'pickets at,255. Shippensburg.53.56. Shroder.S..taken prisoner,399. Shultz.Gov.J.Andrew,approves char- ter.87. Sibbitt.Hugh,taken prisoner.401. Silvers.James,Assemblyman,51, Sitting Bull,capture of,261. Slavery,true limits of,45. document,387. Smith,Col.Abraham.Rev.soldier. i58,169. Frederick.Assemblyman.87.88. Henry,first purchaser.80. Isaac (John Brown),123. Brig.-Gen.Jesse C.Union officer. 246. John R..Union soldier.189. Manufacturing Company,142.348. Robert,Assemblyman.87. Samuel,sheriff.31. T.B.,trade display and prize,357. Brig.-Gen.\V.F..Union officer,22,7. 239.243.244. Brig.-Gen.W..Confed.officer,241. Snider,Col.Jeremiah.177.396. Snively,Jacob.67.76. Snodgrass.Robert.Rev.soldier.168, 169. Snow Hill Society,history of,296-7. Snyder.Gov.Simon.179.180,183,184. Soldiers'Monument,unveiled,326-335, 408. Somerset county,relation Mason and Dixon line to.38.39. South Mountain,description of.119. 120,122. Spener.Philip Jakob.14. Staley,Abram,centenarian.354. Stanton.E.M.,195,199. Steiner,George,taken prisoner,399. Sterritt.Josiah,82. Rachel.82. Stevens,Jacob,Rev.soldier.170. Thaddeus.loi.152. Stewart,Alexander,Rev.soldier.168. Hon.John,appoints commissioners, 94- dedicatory address.326-335. Stills in Franklin county.173.296. Stoneman.Maj.Gen.George,212,215. Stoner.M.H.,Union soldier,189. John,property mentioned,108. Sergt.W.H..Union soldier.188. Stony Point,battle of.172. Stotler.Lieut.Jacob.Rev.soldier.16S. 169. 3tover.Rev.H.M..narrative of.271- 274. St.Paul's Reformed congregation,his- tory of.289-290. Streams in valley.391. Strickler.Dr.K.H..addresses by.316. .^41- 426 WAYNESBORO. Clara A.,patentee,48. Henry B.,narrative of,294-5. St.Stephen's Episcopal,congregation, history of,295-6. St.Thomas,Penna.,205.255. Stuart,Maj.Gen.J.E.B..expedition into Pennsylvania,199-216. portrait,200. character of,202. address to his men,203. captures Chambersburg,205-210. at South Mountain,230. retreats from Pennsylvania,210-213. Robert.Rev.soldier,170. Stumbaugh,Col.Frederick S.,Union soldier,189. Susquehanna.Department of,created, 232. Susquehanna river,15,26,27,28. Sussex county,original seal.20. Sweeney,Bob,202. Switzer,Samuel,Union soldier,190. Symon,Menno,14. T. Talbot,Capt.Jeremiah,Rev.officer. 168. Ma]or,172. Tannahill,Gen.Adamson.officer (1812),177. "Tape Worm"railroad.loi,155. Taverns,certain mentioned,106.107, IC9,no,187. Taxables,lists of,68.t,72,-2i77- Taylor,Bayard,mentioned,115. Eben,murdered by Indians,162. Thackara,James,Assemblyman,85. Thompson,Col.William,Rev.soldier, 167,168. "Three Lower Counties,"24,49. Tidd,Charles Plummer,insurrection- ist,125. Tower of London,390. Town Council,burgesses,presidents and members,134-138. records,392. Town Hall,152. Town lots,original Waynesburg.379- 380. Townships,organization,&c.,of,49, (^?,.65. Thomas,L.,Adjutant General.248. Trinity Reformed,,congregation,his- tory of,280-289,315. Tritle,Mrs.E.,treasurer Woman's Aid Society,193. Lieut.W.A..Union soldier.18S. Turner,Capt.W.A.,Confed.officer, 241. U. Ulster.Province nf.14.19. County Antrim.65. L^nderhill.Lieut.,operations at Cham- bersburg,254-256,402. "Union Volunteer"(1812).178.396. United Brethren in Christ,history of congregation,293-4. V. Veech,J.,quoted,43. Venango county,Asemblymen oppose Waynesburg charter,85. "Village Record,"history of,307-310. Virginia,boundary marking,42. quota of troops,176. Von Borcke.Heros,203. Votes of Assembly quoted,58,59,60, 61. W. Wade.Samuel,Union soldier,189. Walker,George,187,191. George W.,communication to.193. Capt.John E.,Union soldier,187, 189,190,258. G.A.R.Post,258,402. Miss Mary,Sec'y ^^'oman's Relief Corps.260. Dr.Thomas,107,192. Sergt.Thomas J.,188. Wallace,Esther,widow of Jolm TIL 103. George.46.78.82. John L 45.46,77-"S.103,104,171, ^77- John II (Founder),land dealings, 46.78.80,81,378.379.380. military career,170,171.172,173. death of,82. heirs,82. GENERAL INDEX.427 John III,land interests.46,103. militia captain,1 1 1. wife's propertj'mentioned,109. Robert,46,78. Thomas,46, soldier,169,170,171,394-396. Wallacetown,original name,46. beginnings of,TJ,78. statistics,94. Walter,C.L..trade display,349. Wards,Waynesboro,divided into,93. Warren county.Assemblymen oppose Waynesburg charter,85. Warren township,65. War,French and Indian,156. Pontiac.158. Revolution,167-173. 1812-14,83,177-185.396,397- Mexican,185. for the Union,186-262. Spanish-American,258. prisoners of.191.192. Washabaugh,E.W..Union soldier, 187. Washington City,capitol Ijurned,\?\. threatened,193,218. "Washington Engine Company,"151. Washington Gen.George,favors Col. Chambers,63. autograph letter signed,64. wife of.202. visits Franklin county,175. text of letter.372. Washington township,early sett'e- ments.45. created.66. area,66. census,95. early taxables.68.yjy^ylT- stills in,396. Water company,Waynesboro,(43. "Watson Annals"quoted,25. Watts Frederick,Assemb'yman.61. Wayne.Gen.Anthony,favors Lieut. Crawford,63. tradition concerning.T17.118. commands division,172. connection with Wallace,173. home of,380. Waynesboro,Wallace warrants and patents,45-48. beginnings of.75. incorporated.89,371.386. analysis of charter,89-91. accepts general borough .\ct.93 divided into wards,93. population of.94,99. transition period.95. formative period.96. "Golden Age,"96. growth of,99. recollections of,ico. old houses.105. old streets.105. muster days,1 12. lawless characters.112. tradition as to name,117.118.173 phj'sical beauties environini;.1 n)133 caves,132. burgesses and councilnien.134-13S. postmasters,138.392. lawyers.139. native clergymen.139. physicians.140.392. local corporations.140-142.143. civic societies.144-151. fire companies.151-152. town buildings.152. railroads,152,155. in War Times,I,156. in War Times,II,187. in War Times,III,217. "Blues"and "Rifles,"185. recruiting in.189,190. flag flying,190. pole raising,191. before Antictam,193. occupied by Early,230.231. Confederate retreat through.242. -^43- occu])ied b}'Union troo])s.244. Union troops at.245-247.2'^~. Spanish-American War.258. newspapers,304-313. borough records,392. Centennial — Centennial .Association.officers and Executive Committee.315. Centennial celebration.314-364. Odd Fellows'parade.j,2y},2(i. civic parade.336-341. bicycle parade.344. 428 WAYNESBORO. Ringgold Band concert,345. firemen's contest,345,346. judges,346. trades display.346-350. fireworks.350. Music Hall.352. decorations,352. museum,353-4- final praise service.354. prizes awarded,356-357. W'a.vnesborough,Chester county,85, 380. Waynesboro,charter asked for,83. charter granted,85. repealed,87. re-enacted.89. beginnings of.77.78. original plot,78,79. price of lots,78. population.94. in Greene county,85. in Bedford county,85. early mentions of,95,96. proposals for laying out the town, 378.379- list of original lot holders.379.380. text of act incorporating.381-385. repeal.385. act reviving.386. Weagley,William,house mentioned, 107. Weiser.Conrad,land agent,28. Welsh,Col.George.Brigade inspector. 179- Lieut.George.Union soldier.190. Jacob R.,house mentioned,io5. postmaster,IC9. West Chester,relation of Mason and Dixon line to,38. Western Mary'and Railroad.loi. trade display.347. Western Union Telegraph Company. office and lines destroj'ed.209. West Virginia,quota of troops (1863). 234- Wetzel,John.Union soldier.190. Wheeler,Capt.J.B..plans fortifica- tions.236. White.William,Indian prisoner.159 Whitehill.Robert,Assemblyman,61. Whites Frrd.Stuart escapes by.212. Wickersham,J.C quoted.268. W^illiams.John.Union soldier.190. Wilmington.Del.,on boundary line. 42. Wingert.Joseph,taken prisoner.399. Wilson.John.Rev.soldier.170. John .\..constructs fortifications. 236. Brig.-Gen.John M..Chief Engineer. U.S.A..401. Nathaniel,house mentioned.106. Stephen.Assemblyman.83. William,shop mentioned.105. William.Union soldier,189. William B.,telegrapher,197,198. portrait.198. Wolf.Jacob,clockmaker,197. Samuel,Union soldier,189. Woman's Aid Society,officers of.193. Woman's Relief Corps.G.A.R.,or- ganization and membership.260. erects soldiers"monument,326.408. Wood,Ma.i.James,officer (1812).180. 184. Wool,Maj.Gen.John E.,on duly in Pennsylvania.196. relieved.197. Work.Robert,Rev.soldier.170. Wright.John.::^2.51. John.Jr..52. Wrightsville.31.t,,^. bridge at.destroyed.232. Wunderlich &Nead.warehouse de- stroyed.206.210. W^ykofif.Henry.Assemblyman.87. Y. Yohogania.the "Lost County."44. York City,relation of Mason and Dixon line to.38. Confederates at.231.232. York county,disputed titles in.31. relation of Mason and Dixon line to. 38.39- sherifiF and jailor of.115. militia from.179. Young,Courtney.Union soldier.189. Daniel,Union soldier.189. Z. Zieg'er.Jacob,property mentioned. 107. Zwingli,Ulrich.14. ^ SEP 2 2 193^ 1 I .J, M pwp yipwngM