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Home My WebLink AboutThe Annals of the Families of Caspar, Henry, Baltzer and George Spengler who settled in York County, respectively, in 1729, 1732, 1732, and 1751 - with biographical and historical sketches, and memorabilia of contemporaneous local eventsM.L 929.2 Sp3464s 1401483 GENEALOGY COLLECTION 3 1833 01432 6430 CAmI ()}.kh ^ THE ANNALS^ OF THE FAMILIEvS OF Caspar^'^cmy>,Balder anb (george Spenalei% WHO SETTLED IN YORK COUNTY RESPECTIVELY IN -To 1729,1732,1732 Axn 1751 : WITH BIOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL SKETCHES,AND MEMORA- BILIA OF CONTEMPORANEOUS LOCAL EVENTS, EDWARD W.SPANGLER. /Rb boast is not,that H &e&uce mg bktb Jfroni loins entbroneft,anO rulers of tbe eartb; JSut biflber far mg prou6 pretensions rise— ^be son of parents passe^into tbe sSies." Cou/per. YORK,PENNSYLVANIA. 1896 Copyrighted 1896, BY EDWARD W.SPANGLER. All RightsReserved. Printedby Thk York Daily Publishing Co.,York,Pa. 1101483 INTRODUCTORY. "Children'schildren are the crown ofold men;and the glory of the childrenare theirfathers."Provkrbs xviii.6. THE Societiesofthe "Sons of the Revolution"and "Daugh- ters of the American Revohition"and kindred organiza- tions,were recently created to perpetuate the memory of the early days of the Republic,of the high aspirations that animated the colonists,and to cherish,honor and perpetuate the memories of ancestors who were engaged in the great struggle for American Independence.Incidentally,they have awakened and stimulated a desire to trace and discover forefathers,who would otherwise continue to sleep "unthought of in obscurity," and inspired a hunger for knowledge of our early history,of the men who made it,and the institutions they developed.To these influences may be ascribed the genesis of this undertaking. The present scribe had no intention,at the outset,to construct a genealogical tree;but when extended record researches exploded all the varying traditions concerning the immigrant Spenglers,it was not deemed amiss to publish a correct genealogy. This self imposed task was soon discovered to be an herculean one,especially when sporadic intervals of leisure in an active and exacting law practice and other duties,could alone be devoted to the work.The stupendous amount of labor and research requisite in an inquiry so complex and a relationship so involved—often as difficult to understand and unravel as the horns treated of in the Revelation—can be estimated only by those who have attempted a similar work.The Spengler progenitors,as well as their des- cendants,were culpably indifferent to the preservation of family records to lighten the labors of the annalist,and important family events were deemed by them too trivial to chronicle.So little consideration was given to lineage,that among even the most in- telligent of the present day,save few,the names of ancestors be- iv Introductory. yond grandparents were not remembered.Hence arose at this late day tlie extreme difficulty of ancestral discovery and classi- fication,and the procuration of genealogical data and biographical material.Recorded and unrecorded deeds,patented titles,wills, administrations,orphans'court records,stray files of old York newspapers,(difficult to discover),church records,(in German), gravestones,archives and foreign publications,had to be care- fully and laboriously examined and scrutinized,and the various results compared,digested and analyzed.In these investigations many visits to I^ancaster,Harrisburg and Philadelphia also be- came necessary,and the public libraries of the principal eastern cities had to be explored. Even official records proved,in a few instances,to be misleading and erroneous ;—notably,the recital in a power of attorney,re- corded in Philadelphia,that Daniel Spengler,a son of Baltzer Spengler,Sr.,died in his minority and without issue.The non- joinder of his heirs in the conveyance of valuable real estate on Market street in that city,inherited from their uncle George Spengler,may or may not seriously affi^ct the title. The strange coincidence in the marriage of Daniel Spengler's widow to her cousin,a Hessian surgeon and prisoner ofwar,makes romance pale before the truth of history. In some cases it was found that traditions were entirely erron- eous,and were based more on enthusiasm than on proof,in faith rather than on facts. It is not the aim or spirit of this work to strain,tincture or per- vert the truth,to enhance the antiquity,dignity,or honors of the early Spengler families.The facts are proven by the records, which themselves import verity.Tradition goes far in advance of documentary evidence where a fancied origin or antiquity is the chief object;for in such case the family historian very often shows a superstitious reverence for family legends and traditions, without troubling himself much to ascertain upon what the facts rested.The present purpose is to purge lineage of all superfluous accretions and to lop off all legends,however time honored and picturesque,that cannot bear true historical tests. On the other hand this volume will disclose to many hundreds of Spengler descendants that they are the offspring of brave and Introductory.v heroic progenitors—a nobility founded on patriotism—and are eligible to membership in the American Revolutionary Societies—associations whose object is to recall the statesmen and soldiers of that glorious epoch,that their patriotism and self-denial in the cause of their country may be an incentive and example for com- ing generations—societies that revere the memories of the great deeds of those who shed their blood that their children's children may never forget the value of the heritage which comes to them through so much of sacrifice and of death. The early Spenglers limited themselves to a few favorite Chris- tian names,such as John,Bernhard,Jonas and Rudolph—and thus were found four or five of each living about the same time and vicinity.To assign,from the records alone,each his proper posi- tion in the relationship required the most laborious analysis.The genealogies here given are in nearly every instance derived and supported by the records,the few exceptions being based upon evidence irrefragable. The names of the children—their name is Legion—of the now living herein given,are rather the exception than the rule,as otherwise the list would have become interminable.To continue the line will be an easy undertaking for the family chronicler of the future.The main purpose of the present work was todiscover forgotten ancestors for the information of the living. The correspondence with the descendants—often very difficult to find—and others residing in distant sections of the country be- came quite extensive;and,to their credit,answers responsive to often pertinacious inquiries were in nearly every instance punctu- ally given. At the beginning of these researches nothing was known of the Spenglers of Virginia and further South,nor had they knowledge of their Pennsylvania origin.The same may be said of many of the Spanglers of the West.This discovery was certainly a sur- prise and gratification not only to them but to the present scribe. At the expiration of five months (January 1895)of intermittent, yet arduous labor,the present scribe had not discovered the for- eign domicile of the Spengler immigrants—a most cherished de- sire.It was then,by the sheerest accident,that he came across the credentials and passport of Henry Spengler (dated 1725-32) vi Introductory. which disclosed the fact that he emigrated from thetown of "Wey- ler under Steinsberg,"in the Palatinate on the Rhine.Letters were immediately sent to the Burgomaster and the German Re- formed pastor of Weyler.As there is no such town in the Palat- inate as now constituted,the letters were sent by the Palatinate postmasters to Steinberg,Alsace ;and no Spenglers being found there,they were returned.The services of the U.S.Consuls at Mannheim and Nuremberg,anda specialist at Carlsruhe were then invoked,but they could not find the town.A trip to the Pratt Library in Baltimore revealed the fact that the Rhenish Palatinate in 1727-32,comprised territory on both sides of the Rhine,and that "Weyler under Steinsberg"is now located in the Grand Duchy of Baden.This revelation resulted in the ultimate discov- ery and employment of Rev.W.Fuchs,Pastor of Hilsbach-Weyler Parish,who constructed the Spengler second German Stammbauni or genealogical tree.It is needless to say that our many German cousins at Weyler and vicinity were more than delighted to hear from their American relations,of whom they never had any knowledge,for in the family the names of Caspar,George,Henry and Baltzer Spengler had perished from memory. The four original Spenglers,(heads of families),who emigrated from Germany,and settled in York (then Lancaster)county,were Caspar Spengler,who arrived in Philadelphia in 1727,Henry Spengler and Balthasar (Baltzer)Spengler,his brothers,in 1732, and George Spengler,in 1751.The last was presumably a near relative of the others.With Henry and Baltzer also came,in 1732, their brother George,who remained and died without issue in Philadelphia in 1744.They were accompanied by their wives and children.Caspar settled in York County about 1729,and Henry and Baltzer in 1732. Peter Spengler,a younger brother,(born May 19,171 2),was presumably the Peter Spengler who,as shown by the Pennsyl- vania Archives,arrived in Philadelphia on the Ship Samuel, Hugh Percy,Master,December 3,1740,"aged 26 years."In the age given by Peter,as stated in the Archives,there is a discrep- ancy of two years,but the same difference exists in the ages given, upon their arrival,by Henry and Baltzer.That this Peter was the yoimgest brother is corroborated by the following tradition: Introductory.vii Henry Spangler,aged 83 years,of Selma,Indiana,writes that Rudolph Spangler—now deceased,the father of the present scribe, told him when he was a young man,"that five Spengler bi'others arrived at Philadelphia,and the youngest was never heard from." After the foregoing paragraph was written,the writer received a letter from Seth Spangler,aged 76 years,of Fort Smith,Arkan- sas,who is doubtless the great-grandson of Peter.He says that when he was a boy,his grandfather,Peter Spangler,Jr.,told him that "his father arrived in Philadelphia between 1740 and 1760. He had run away from his home in Germany,and was without money.That upon his arrival in Philadelphia,he was sold by the Captain of the Ship that brought him over,to the highest bidder for his passage,and was bid off by a farmer who lived in the country.He worked out his time and continued to work un- til he had earned enough to buy for himself a tract of land in Berks County,Pennsylvania,in a neighborhood then known as Brushy Valley,where he raised a family of boys and girls.When the Revolutionary war broke out,he had two sons old enough to go into the army.On their return home,the youngest brother, was in such haste to greet his soldier brothers that he got too close to one of the horses and was kicked over the left eye which left a permanent scar."After the war the family began to scatter. Peter,Jr.,married a Barbara Cracen,and afterwards moved to Tuscarora County,Ohio,where he lived for many years,and had ten children.Upon the death of his wife,he married a second time and added nine more to the flock.In 1842 he moved to Arkansas,where he died about 1853. Jacob and Christopher (Stophel)Spengler who arrived in America in 1733,and settled in Berks County,Pa.;Michael Speng- ler,who arrived in 1737 and located in Lebanon County,Pa.;and Christian Spengler,who arrived in 1749 and settled in Northamp- ton County,Pa.,as well as some other immigrant Spenglers of that period,were the descendants of Lazarus Spengler (not the contemporary of Martin Luther)with his first wife,Maria Lohserin,(nupt.1579)of the 12th generation,as the genealogical tree,compiled from the Nuremberg Archives,most persuasively attests,(vide,"The Spengler Ancestry in Germany.") The original and correct spelling of "Spengler"was generally viii Introductory. adhered to by our forefathers during the first and second genera- tions.Afterwards "Spangler"was by unjustifiable usage substi- tuted,except as to the descendants of Col.Philip Spengler and Anthony Spengler,(grandsons of Caspar),ofVirginia. Considerable space has also been given to the patriotic and valiant part taken by our York County ancestors in the American Revolution.Their example will go down through posterity as ever worthy of emulation.The Spenglers were not laggards in that great struggle,nor in the subsequent wars which enlarged and preserved this great Republic. The regrettable fact established in this volume is,that in the late civil war,the Spanglers of the North and South were,by rea- son of domicile,political education and environment,arrayed against each other,as their blood shed on many a battle field at- tests.All were,however,as brave in action as they were honest in conviction.By the decree of an All-wise Providence,this nation,dedicated to freedom,was not disrupted;all are again fra- ternally and happily reunited;for political intoleranceand ignoble passion cannot coexist with the highest order of courage ;and those who fought so gallantly under the stars and bars,will,when duty demands,battle as valiantly for the stars and stripes. The present scribe's fortunate discovery of long lost muster rolls of thirty-five of the York County companies in the Revolutionary war,will prove profoundly interesting and edifying to all the descendents of these honored forebears.The unpublished Revolu- tionary correspondence,the diary of George Lewis L,efHer,and the accounts of Lieut.-Col.John Hay and other new matter,will also be instructive to the student of Revolutionary history. The illustrations of old-time scenes,incidents and events are from the writer's collection,and many have been incorporated in this work as much for their antiquity,scarcity and quaintness,as - to illustrate the text. The historical portions of this work,involving an enormous amount of research and labor,principally found in the appendix, were introduced because it was believed that those who took sufii- cient interest to trace their progenitors,would naturally be in- spired with a thirst for knowledge of early personal and local his- tory,as more fully stated in the introduction to the appendix. Introductory.Ix The criticisms that may be passed upon this effort may be gen- erous or just.The work is as good as the writer's limited time and gifts would allow.And yet he feels that his labors have not been entirely in vain.In the genesis of his task he knew not the name of his great-grandfather;its culmination was the tracing of the Spengler family to George Spengler,Cupbearer to the Bishop of Wurtzburg,born about 1150.He and his Bishop accom- panied the Emperor Barbarossa on a Crusade to the Holy Land,1189,were stricken down by the plague,and buried in the Church of St.Peter,Antioch,1190.Less than adozen of the four hundred barons of the British House of Lords date back to 1400 genealogically,the earliest being 1264.The Campljells of Argyle, to whom belong the present Duke of Argyle,began in 1190.The oldest family of the British Isles is the Mar family of Scotland, 1093.The Colonnas of Rome cannot prove anything beyond 1100,nor the Orsinis earlier than 1190.There is,however,one gentleman,when it comes to pedigree,to whom the writer and all other genealogists must take off their hats,not zs.facileprinceps ox primus interpares,but as the great and only nonesuch.This gen- tleman is the Mikado of Japan.His place is hereditary,and it has been filled by members of his family for more than 2500 years, he being the 122nd of his line.The founder of it was contem- porary with Nebuchadnezzar,660 B.C. The annals of a family are not intended for external scrutiny ; to the members alone,whatever the defects,they should be inter- esting and sacred.As a literary production,no merit for this work is claimed ;it was hastily written and amid continuous and most exasperating interruptions.As a genealogy,he prays the consideratejudgment of those for whom he has discovered progen- itors,many of whom do not now live even in tradition.The amount to be realized on the sale of this book will not liquidate the actual expenses incurred.For laborious and exacting services, gratuitously rendered in its compilation,he craves only that com- pensation which those who cherish the memory of their ancestors will sooner or later give.To venerate ancestors,however humble their origin or station,is an obligation plainly dictated by piety. They who are indifferent as to their origin will likely be careless of their destiny.The present is but the renaissance of ancestral X Introductory. homage,which will intensify and expand as the generations roll by ;and it is hoped that the historical facts herein given may fur- nish the children of the present and future material on which their veneration,piety and patriotism may feed.In this view due ap- preciation may sooner or later be accorded to annals that preserve primitive family and local history,and revive ancestral names that have "gone glimmering through the dream of things that were." Or as more tersely stated,in an encouraging letter to the writer, by the Rev.Henry M.KiefiFer,D.D.,a noted author,and a Speng- ler descendant : "I can sympathize with you,if you are doing this work,as I presume you are,amid the cares of a busy life.Such work as that 3'ou are employed on,though at present appealing to a com- paratively limited constituency,will have a very wide significance in time to come.The work will be much sought for hereafter — for as time goes on,people become more and more concerned to know about their ancestors,and a hundred years or so from now, you will address a larger audience by far than at the present time. I know,of course,that posthumous fame involves no great encour- agement in the work of a busy and burdened man,still it is worth considering.I sincerely trust you may be greatly encouraged in your good work by the high appreciation of your many kinsmen, amongst whom I would,with regard,subscribe myself." LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Edward W.Spangler Frontispiece.The Spengler Coatof Arms 2GermanFamilyTree6 German Family Tree lo Spengler Ancestral Home,Weiler,Germany i6 Spengler Ancestral Church,Weiler, Germany 22 French Maraudersinthe Palatinate.32 Settler's Cabin in the Primeval For- est 50 Mill ofour Grandfathers 50 Mill of Years .-^go 58MillofYearsAgo58 Rudolph Spengler's Naturalization Certificate 66RudolphandSarahSpangler76YorkWashingtonArtillerists76Harrison—Van Buren Campaign....82 Country Inn in Stage Time 82 John Daniel Dinkel 86 Col.Philip Spengler 94SolomonSpengler94Harper's Ferryand Shanandoah Val- ley,1880 102 Spengler Hall,Strasburg,Va 102 Ancient Castle of Steinsberg 118 Sheriff's Posse inthe Cressap War..118 Henry and Susannah Spangler 12S George Spangler,Susannah Leitner.136jBaltzerSpengler's First House,1733.142""Second "1760.142 Baltzer Spengler,Jr.,and Christiana Spengler 156 George W.and Sarah Spangler 156 Col.Michael H.Spangler 164 Captain WilliamMcClellan'sTroopof Horse 170 George and Nancy Hersh 170 Dr.John Spangler 172GeorgeSpangler176MariaDritt,1800 1850 176 Dorothea Spengler 182 Jesse and Mary D.Spangler 188 Peter Spangler 192Gen.Jacob and Catherine A.Spang- ler 192 John and Mary Schmidt 196Hamburg,Germany,t8oo 196 McGrath's Inn,Yo'rk,1825 200 Round Dances,1820 200 Charles F.,and Helen Dorothea Fisher 204 William and Elizabeth Nes 204Gen.Lafayette and Benjamin Frank- lin 210Hon.Henry Nes 210ViewinWashington,D.C,1843....222 Grand Review of Union Armies,'65 222 Emigrant Arrival in America 238 Castle,Steinsberg,partly in ruins...240SceneontheRhineofOld240MartinLutherandLazarusSpengler at the Dietat Worms 25 1 Mill of the Early Times 254SettlersbuildingtheirCabins255Penn'sTreity with the Indians 257EarlyIndianVillage259IndianFortontheSusquehanna....261 Barteringwith the Indians 262AChargeofWitchcraft265 Grandfather's Barouche 268SceneontheYorkNavigationCanal.268 Primitive Passenger Train 268 Harrison and Prosperity 273VanBurenandRuin273TheLurkingSavage279TheIndianDeclarationofWar281 The Resultof the Declaration 283 Abduction by the Indians 285TheReliefAttackbytheSettlers...288 British Cavalry at the Battleof LongIsland 289RetreatoftheAmericanArmyfromLongIsland291EmigrantArkdowntheOhioRiver.293 Battle of FortWashington 301RetreatoftheAmericanArmythroughNewJersey302 Continental Bills 303TheBritishPrisonShip"Jersey ",.310AnOldVirginiaMill316LordBaltimoreProclaimingLiberty of Con.science 321BoundaryDisputeBetweenLordBal- timore and Wm.Penn 326 Interiorofan Old Time House 329SealoftheBoroughofYork332WestMarketStreet,York,1850 334York,Pennsylvania,1850 334GermanLutheranChurch,York, 1760-1812 342 St.John's Episcopal Church,York, 1810 348 First Presbyterian Church,York, 1790-1859 348 List of Illustrations. Evolution of the Fire Engine,1615, 1730 362 Evolution of the Fire Engine,1733, 1850 374 Evolution of the Fire Engine,1790, 1830,186 382 Hon.James Smith 390 Col.Thomas and Catharine Hartley.396 BattleofBunker Hill 403 Surrender of Lord Cornwallis 412 Fac-Simile of Muster Roll of the4th Company of York,in the Revo- lution 416,417 Continental Militia at Drill 436 Muster Roll of Capt.RudolfSpeng- ler'sCompany,1776 444 Gen.Henry Miller 452 Old Court House Square,York 464 Market Street,York,1830 464 Court House Square,York,1820...472 Centre Square,York,1896 472 Battle Monument,Baltimore 478 Defeat of Gen.Braddock 482 A ChargeAgainst the Indians 488 Death of General Butler 491Gen.Taylorin Mexico 492 The Stage Coach of Old 494 Markets,Centre Square,York,1843- 1887 494FigureofJusticeinOldCourtHouse496PeoplesLineofCarsandStages,1836 500 Primitive Coal Train 500 Capture of Major Andre 505 Battle of Bunker's Hill 512 West Market Street,York,1801 522 East """1896 522 Battle of Lexington 539 Continental Congressat York,1777-8 540WestMarketStreet,York,West of Water,1830 552WestMarketStreet,York,East of Newberry,1842 552ComingtoTowntoMarryofOld....562CampLafavette,York,1841 564Hon.Thaddeus Stevens 568 Revolt of the Pennsylvania Line at York,1781 57r AfricanSlavery 576 United States Slave Trade,1830 577YorkPennsylvaniaRifle,1841 580 York,Pennsylvania,1850 584 ERRATA. Onpage 26,"Jonas Spangler diedin Washington Township,"read "Warrington Township." On page 27,"Elizabeth Hubley,"read "Sarah Hubley." On page 48,add Eva,daughterofJacoband CatherineWiest,born May30,1767. On page 58,add Anna Maria,daughterof Henry andJudith Rudisill,born June 8,1785. On page 86,the universally accepted tradition thatJohann Daniel Dinkel died in Germany,is erroneous.He died in York,Pa.,1755.His will,quite recently discovered by the writer,was written,signed and witnessed in York,dated April 6)1754)probated November 7,1755.It showed that hehad six children,includ- ing a son,Daniel.Not belonging to the Spangler family,the tradition wasnot verified by the records. On 138,"Appendix notes 16,17,"read,"pages i5,17." On page 201,add after 3d line,Meineke Edward Schmidt,died July 20,1833, aged II months. On page 210,"Margaret Hinkle,"read,"Margaret Henkel." On page 397,"First Division,"read,"Fifth Division." On page 400,add Catherine Hartley,born May 24,1750. On page 401,"September 6,1S96,"read,"November 19,1896." THE SPENGLER ANCESTORS OF GERMANY. IN the compilation of that portion of tlie subjoined German genealogy-,antedating the advent of Hans Rudolf Spengler of Weiler,the present scribe encountered difficulties almost insuperable.Not being able to make personal researches of European Archives,he had to rely on the genealogical information vouchsafed by the United States Consuls,the Spengler descend- ants residing at Kiel,Germany ;Zeist,Holland ;St.Gall and Luzerne,Switzerland,'and the immediate kin of Weiler under Steinsberg,Baden.At certain links in the line the various state- ments furnished were at first bewildering,and in a few instances almost irreconcilable.For instance,the "unknown author"in the Nuremberg records states that Hans Spengler,born in 1491, died 1545,was one of the sons of George Spengler and Agnes Ulmer (German plural,Ulmerin),whereas this Hans does not appear among the names of the children of George Spengler and Agnes Ulmer in the genealogical tree compiled from the Nurem- berg Archives proper. Riestap in his Armorial General (Holland edition)says that this Hans was the son of Hans,son of Peter Spengler,who had three sons.These variances,more apparent than real,are possibly the result of carelessness in transcription,errors of translation,or accruing from the multiplicity of issue,as in the case of George and Agnes Spengler,—the genealogical table showing twenty-one. They are more probably due to the confusion arising out of double christian names,so generally prevalent after the Reformation. The Spenglers were generally known only by one praenomen,and by the abandonment of the other,variations in the archives at different periods could very readily occur.For instance,the four sons of Hans Rudolf Spengler,who emigrated to America,were 2 GERMAN ANCESTRY. Caspar,George,Henry and Baltzer Spengler,and such were their signatures ;whereas they were baptized as Hans Kaspar,Hans George,Jorg Heinrich and Johan Balthasar,and they so appear in the Weiler records. While there is an apparent conflict in the christian names in several links in the line,there can be no doubt of their descent from the common ancestor,George Spengler.The Holland Van Spenglers,the founder of whose branch wasJohan Spengler,ofthe Nuremberg tree,have been lineally traced by Riestap from the common origin,George Spengler. The Spkngler Arms. According to Siebmacher'sWappenbuch andRiestap's Armorial General the ancient Nuremberg Spengler arms were :Gules,a beaker argent on a trimount or ;in other words,"A red shield emblazoned with a silver beaker resting on three golden hills." The beaker or covered cup,emblematized the office of Cupbearer held by George Spengler in the service of the Bishop of Wiirtz- burg,1189.The Spengler Arms,with later augmentations,are : Gules,an eagle displayed sable,a beaker argent,on a trimount or, accosted with four estoilees or.Crest :a Bishop's bust proper. The arms of some of the descendant branches,having been subse- quently conferred and for personal and independent service,differ from the above. Of the various Spengler familiesof Europe,eleven,all belonging to the Nuremberg family,were ennobled—quite a respectable number of one name to attain such eminence.The titles of nobility were conferred by reason of heroic,chivalrous or other meritorious service rendered in the domain of human achieve- ments. The Origin Supported by Tradition. In a letter to the writer from Mrs.Laura M.Dakin,of New York City,a daughter of the late Charles Spangler,of Hagers- town,Md.,who was a great-grand-son of Baltzer Spengler,Sr., occurs the following : "After my marriage I boarded at Harrisbiirg,Pa.Mrs.Susan S.DeWitt,a daughterofGen.Jacob Spangler,called on me,and tracingback,mentioned some THE SPENGLER COAT OF ARMS. GERMAN ANCESTRY.3 entirely German Christian names ;but I forgot those names,one I think was Rudolf—When I saw my father again and told him,he said I was right.Mrs. Dewitt saidourancestors camefrom Bavaria—weredriven outofBavaria in the 17th century for opposition to the Roman Catholics.She had heir-looms,saidthey had dividedthemup amongthem at home.She had twoveryhigh-backed chairs, darkwith age—they looked like bishop's or ecclesiastical chairsof our ancestors — that they were noble men and sat nearthe throne.This corroborated just what my father used to tell his children—I was one—that we came from the 'royal Spenglers 'of York.Mrs.DeWitt also had portraits—oil paintings of the ances- tors—twoonly I recollect,men,and in them I saw the strong family likenessmy fatherbore to them—the rather small symmetrical head,square forehead,sharp, brown eyes,with clear steady glance,length of features,firm chin—all were there." We all hav-e an innate conviction that there is something pleasant in knowing that we come of good stock,and while a noble lineage is a thing to be proud of,and should work no dis- advantage,3-et we weigh the man,not his title.The Spenglers who settled in York county were noble by conduct and action,the only type of nobility recognized in America.Strong,courageous, indomitable,and spurning a conversion which was to be effected by fire and sword,they fled from their homes,braved the perils of a tempestuous sea,conquered the forests,and contributed their full share in the establishment of the Empire of Universal Freedom in the West. George Spengler,The Common Ancestor. The first of the family of Spengler who achieved fame was George Spengler,Cupbearer to the Prince-Bishop of the ecclesiastical principality of Wiirtzburg,Godfrey of Piesenburg, who was also Chancellor to the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. This Bishop and his Cupbearer accompanied the Emperor on his crusade to the Holy Land.The Emperor was drowned 1190 in the Syrian river,Calycadnus,while trying to urge his horse across the stream.His camp was then immediately removed to Antioch,where he was provisionally buried. The Bishop and his Cupbearer died soon afterwards.They were carried off by that dreadful scourge,the plague,which afilicted the crusaders,and were buried in the Church of St.Peter at Antioch.Of those whom the Emperor had brought across the Bosphorus,not a tenth,it is said,reached Antioch. Since then the genealogy runs regularly. GERMAN ANCEvSTRY. THE GERMAN GENEALOGY. I.GEORGE SPENGLER, Cupbearer to the Bishop of Wiirzburg,was born about 1 150 and died 1190.His son was also named, II.GEORGE SPENGLER, who lived at Winsbach,in the Margravate of Winsbach,in the year 1230.From his marriage with a Redtlinger,sprang III.KILLIAN SPENGLER, who lived in 1270.He resided at Kutzendorff,and was married to Margaretha Gaumy.They had a son also named, IV.KILLIAN SPENGLER, living in 1302,who married aVon Rosenbusch.Of their four sons, V.PETER SPENGLER, continued the line.He had a residence at Elbers- dorff,near Winsbach,and married Catherina von der Ansach,and had three sons,one of whom was VI.HANS SPENGLER, who was twice married.(Johan Spengler,an officer in the Palatinate army,who entered the Netherland army in 1640,and founded the Holland branch of Van Spenglers,was a descendant of this Hans.) From Hans'second marriage with Christina Westen- dorff sprang a son, VIL HANS OR URBAN SPENGLER. of Donauworth,Franconia (Franken),who settled in Nuremberg 1476 and died December 15th,1527. His son, GERMAN ANCESTRY. VIII.GEORGE SPENGLER, was Clerk of the Council of Nuremberg,and died in 1496.He married Agnes Ulnier 1468,who died 1505.Among their children was a son, IX.GEORGE SPENGLER, born 1480,died 1529.(He was a brother of the famous Lazarus Spengler,'the coadjutor of Martin Luther).He,George,was married to Juliana Tucherin 1516.Their son, X.FRANTZ SPENGLER, was born 1517 and died 1565.Amonghis numerous offspring were Philip Jacob Spengler,bom May 3i 1556,and XL LAZARUS SPENGLER, "Procurator"in Nuremberg,born 1552,died 1618. His second wife was Bertrand Geroldin,whom he married in 1593.Among their children were Hans George,Anna Maria and Margaretha,familiar names among the descendants,and XII.HANS SPENGLER, born 1594.He left his native land during the "Thirty Years War"1618—1648,and according to the opinion expressed by our cousins in Germany, was exiled on account of his Protestant faith.He settled in Switzerland.His son, XIII.JACOB SPENGLER, became a citizen of Schoftland,Canton Berne,(now Aargau)Switzerland.His son, XIV.HANS RUDOLF SPENGLER, emigrated to "Weyler (Weiler)under Steinsberg," near Sinsheim,on the Elsenz,Rhenish Palatinate, now in the Grand Duchy of Baden.He married GERMAN ANCESTRY. July i6,1618,Judith,daughter of Jacob Haegis, deceased,of Beisassen,at Sinsheim.His second marriage in 1619,was with Marie Saeger,of Duehren,near Sinsheim. HANS RUDOLF SPENGLER'S Children were : 1.Johannes SpENGler,born September 14,1679. 2.Anna Margaret Spengler,born March 5, 1682. 3.Hans Kaspar Spengler,born January 20, 1684.Married Judith,adopted daughter of Martin Ziegler,February 9,1712 ;emigrated to America in 1727,and settled in York County,Pennsylvania,1729. 4.Anna Spengler,born March 3,1686. 5.Anna Maria Spengler,born May 28,1693, wife ofJoh.Bernhard Brenneisen of Reihen, near Sinsheim. 6.Rudolph Spengler,born September 24,1696. 7.Jacob Spengler,born September 22,1698. 8.Hans George Spengler,born February 2, 1701,married Katherine Laub ;emigrated to America in 1732,and died,without issue,in Philadelphia,in 1744. 9.Joh.Henry Spengler,bom July i,1703. 10.JoRG Heinrich Spengler,born June 8,1704, married Susanne Miiller,January 17,1730; emigrated to America 1732,and settled in York County,Pennsylvania,1732. GERMAN FAMILY TREE OF (HANSi URBAN SPENGLER.ip. 7th generation. GERMAN ANCESTRY.7 11.JoH.Balthasar Spengler,born November 29,1706.Married April 29,1732,Magdelena Ritter ;emigrated to America in 1732,and settled in York County,Pennsylvania,1732. 12.Anna Elizabeth,wife of Martie Moser,of Rohrbach,born March 19,1710. 13.Peter Spengler,born May 19,1712;emi- grated to America in 1740,arrived in Phila- delphia,and was never heard from. All the children,except Nos.3,8,10,11 and 13,above named, remained in Germany,and three left to survive them children with numerous descendants,many of whom now reside at the ancestral home,Weiler,and at the adjoining town of Hilsbach. Accompanying the family tree,made by Pastor W.Fuchs,of Hilsbach,came the following letter : LETTERS FROM OUR GERMAN COUSINS. Hilsbach,Dlstrict Sinsheim,Baden, March 20,1895. Mr.E.W.Spangler. /^espec/fdSir:—As per your request of January 5,I have the honor to submit the foUowins:report concerning yourancestorsin the pastorate of Weiler,as also ofthe present extension ofthe family Spengler-Weiler-Hilsbach. Aboutthe former ancestors of the family in Schefflanden there is,asthe letter from SchofFtland states,at present nothing can be ascertained ;still,the question arises,may there not be other"Schefflanden "inSwitzerland ?Should youdesire tomake further inquiries a letter to your relatives in Weiler (a St.)would no doubt result in obtainingthe desired information. Your ancestral home lies midway near the railroad line between Heidelberg and Heilbronn,District Sinsheim,whence you can reach (in i hour)Steinsberg,on the summit of which Weiler is situated.Steinsberg is visited daily by many strangers,especially antiquarians,from far and near,mostly in the summer season.From the enclosed description you may get a good impression ofthe same.The present population comprises 630 Evangelicals,(Protestants),317 Catholics,and 20Jews. Weiler is in the parish (pastoiate)of Hilsbach,distant 25 "minutes,"and the pastor at Hilsbach conducts services there each Sundayand Holyday.Theyouth of the community is instructed in the common (public)school,taught by a Protestant principal and a Catholic assistant (as also by the pastor).The Protestantsin the communityare sacredly loyal to their Prince andoverflow with enthusiasm forKaiserand Kingdom. 8 GERMAN ANCESTRY. Asshown in enclosed program,therewill this month be presented here a play by local talent in an improvised theatre;entitled "Gusta\Tis Adolphus."I witnessed the perfornianoe yesterday evening.It was attended by about 250 persons from Sinsheim,Hilsbach,&c.The leading part,-'Gustavus Adolphus," was personated by Martin Spengler (born December 2,1854),who possesses ample dramatic talent to represent that greathistorical person,and elicited the wonder and admiration ofall who were present. Concerning the character,(standing,&c.)of the three branches of the Spengler-Weiler-Hilsbach famih',I can conscientiously testily thatduring my pastoral labors of 25 yearsm this community,Ahh ofthe inhabitants ofthis name havebeen,without a single exception,honorable citizens.As to theirpersonal effects (property ),their pcssessious are moderate,yet all enjoy comfort,being frugaland industrious. The oldestmembers ofthe family are : 1.Peter Spengler,in Hilsbach. 2.Martin Spengler,a man greatly beloved by his pastor. 3.Two daughtersofJh.Gg.Spengler,deceased,(Jh.Gg.Sp.died inWeiler, July 10,1S73);^'^both married in Weiler: (a.)Johanna,wife of Job.Jacob Hildenbrand,in Weiler who.se daughter,?ilargaretha,ismarriedtoMartin Spengler,person- ator of"GustavusAdolphus." (b,)EvaJuliana,married to Church Warden Refirr. 4.There still reside in Hil.sbach two .sistersofPeterand Martin Spengler : (a.j Franziska Lang (born Spengler),aged 66',4 year.s. (b.)Katharine Widder (born Spengler),aged Sj'i years. The inhabitants of Weiler are mainlyoccupied in husbandry,cattle raising, extensive fruit and wine culture;wheat,barley,tobacco,sugar beets,potatoes, chicory,hemp,&c. The Ev.(Prot.)congregation has litde property,and meets its expenses for salary,&c.,fromasse.ssments on the Ev.community.Last fall the inside was repaired and renovated and a new organ will be placed in position next April, which means additional assessmentsduring the next fouryears. I submit this information in the hope that itwill provesatisfactory,in aiding you tofind theoriginal ancestorsand all yourrelatives. The statementon my part,to membersofthe Spengler family that a descendant andrelative oftheirs in America has written to me caused general joy,and I am requested to convey to you the kindest regards and good wishes ofthe three branches ofthe Spengler family. With heartiest greetings from the home ofyour ancestors, I remain sincerely yours, W.FUCHS,Pastor. The following letter from Martin Spengler is presumably the first that came from our German kinsmen to America for i6o years.How these kinsmen were discovered,see preface,title Henry Spangler,and the foreign correspondence with United States Consuls and others' : GERMAN ancestry:9 Weiler near Sinsheimon the Ei<senz,Baden,Germany, May 19th,1895. Most Esteemed Cousin, E.\V.Spengler. Already inthe month of February ofthe presentyear,Pastor Fuchsinformed us that he hadreceived a communication from a certain Spengler in America,who desired to obtain full information relative to the Spengler family in Weiler,from which he wasdescended. Thereupon Pastor Fuchs,ashe told us,instituted a most thorough search,the result ofwhich he transmitted to you,dearcousin.Tothe greatdelight of us all, you now also have so kindly remembered the dear home of your ancestors by sending I25.00to help our Evangelical Church—Evangelical as opposed to Roman Catholic—to defray expenses for an organ that to-day was soleraly dedicated to its sacred use.Therefore I feel constiained to express to you my mother's,my brother's and all the relatives,and also my own most heartfelt lasting gratitude for this noble deed,by which you have imprinted on the whole Spenglerfamily, the stamp of true Evangelical charity.Your picture,handed to us by Pastor Fuchs,is in the possession of my mother,she being the head of theSpengler family,and all the friends and relatives have already taken a good look at it in the fond expectation of soon seeing }'0u in person,since you have kindly given us reason toexpect an early visit from you.You may rest assured,dear cousin,that we will doall in our power to renderyourstay among us as pleasant aspossible. As soon ascircumstances will permit,we will have ourphotographs taken and send themtoyou,hoping,however,that before this can be done you will find it possible,in accordance with your wish,tosee us here in Weiler. Jlyyoungest brother,Wilhelm,at Schaffhausen,Switzerland,hasbeenrequested by me to do his utmost in trying to find out more aboutourSpengler family in Bern,Stein,and Scheffenlanden,Switzerland. Hoping to enjoy your continued friendship,youandalltherest of theSpengler cousinsin America may henceforth feel assured ofour love and friendship. With kindestregards and friendship from mymother,brothers and sisters,and theother relatives to you all,I remain yours, MARTIN SPENGLER. Weiler,Baden,July 14,1895. DearCousin:— For several weeks past I am inreceiptofyour welcome letter;aletter which no doubt is the first one in a century and a halffrom America to establish anew the ties of friendship between the two branches oftheSpenglerfamilyseparated by the ocean. For some time Ihave been waiting frommy brotherWilhelm in Switzerland,to find out whether he did not learn any further particulars.Meanwhile Rev.Fuchs has informed me that he received a letter from theministerin Schoeftland,(Switz- erland),informing him that theSpengler familj'in Schoeftland nolongerexisted, in fact had been extinct long since;also,that the records in Switzerland up to 1876 were not in the hands ofthe ministers,but in the hands of thecivil authori- ties,and although repeated inquiries had been made ofthem,no answerhad as yet been received.The little trouble connected withthe researchseems to be too 10 GERMAN ANCESTRY. much lor them.Nevertheless,we shall continue our endeavors tofind out the origin of our family.Hoping soon tobe able to send you more particulars,I,in the name of all German kinsmen,send you and all Ihe Spengler relatives in America our best wishes for your continued health,aud hoping for an early an- swer,I remain with special greetings from my motherand brothers. Yours truly, Martin Spengi,er. Weiler,Baden,August 17,1895. DearCousin:— Your welcome letters dated June 27th andJuly 26th a.c.cameduly to hand,the first one exactly twodays afterI had mailed you mylast letter ofJuly I4lh. In compliance with your wish Ihave now engaged a photographer fromNeckar- gemund to photograph the house in which those four brDthers were born,which as to its exterior forms or parts in all probabilitystill stands unchanged,also the church and at least one or two otherbuildings of which it is certain they were already standing about the year 1600,and in which those brothers very likely passed in ani out.As soon as I shall have received thesepictures,I shall send them to youandalso let you knowthe chargesfor same which,as thephotographer informs me,will be very modest.I regret,however,very muchthat ofthe head ofthe familyand his wife no picturescan be found. To let you knowwhetherPeter Spengleremigrated to America,Imust firstcon- fer with Rev.Fuchs.I expect that from his book it can be learned whetherhe (P.Sp.)emigrated or not. By my brother Wilhelm in Switzerland,Ihave been informed thatthe investi- gationsin Schefflanden were withoutany results.I now propose to communicate by letter with theofficials of thatplace in orderto findout whetherabout the lime 1640-1680 a Jacob Spengler had been living there and whether it is possibleto ascertain whence he came. Whether we are descended from the Nuremberg Spengler,I am also unableto state,I regret to say;yet this might be possible,for Rev.Fuchs told me when he first began his investigation that in the year 1658,a certain Henry Spengler was married here in Weiler.Also concerningthismatter Ishall inquire more fully of Rev.Fuchs,for I do not know the place whence he came,but in t'ue recordsof Rev.Fuchs,it is given and also statedthat the name ofthe father ofthis Heni-y Spengler was Lazarus Spengler and that his mother's maiden name was Luther; but Rev.Fuchs was unable tofindanydescendants ofthis Henry and could find only such of Hans Rudolf Spengler;I suppose however,that this Hans Rudolf was a near relative of Henry;still definitive information wasasyet not obtain- able.In all probability the Spenglers originally came fromFranken,(Franconia) (Nuremberg district)and very likely in consequence ofthe Thirty Years War 1618-1648,which especially in those parts left its tracesbehind,they,for the sake oftheirevangelical faith,emigrated to Switzerland. Hoping now that you will receive my letter in the bestof health,I remain with many kind greetingsfrom mymother,sister and brothers and all theirrela- tives to you and thekindred inAmerica. Sincerelyyourcousin, Martin Spengi.er. •*>i.i^<^^^^ A- m ^11ill ^'^ ^.o. ^i^ JK i^ V5* N J. I > i<^ \ GERMAN FAMILY TREE OF HANS RUDOLF SPENGLER.P.5. 14th generation. 11 AND 13 CF His Sons GERMAN ANCESTRY.11 W'EILER,Baden,August 29,1895. Dearest Cousin:— Enclosed I transmittoyouthree protographs,markedand numberedasfollows: No.I is the housein which the four brotherswho emigrated to Americawere born. In front of the house there are several personsstanding,as also a wagon drawn by two cows that just happened to pass by.For a long time the house hasnotbeen inhabited any more bya Spengler;atpresent,however,a step-sister ofmy father (EvaJuliana)is livingin thesecond story. No.2 13 the church which standsjust acrossthe streetalittletotheright from thehouse,No.i. No.3 are the ruinsofCastle Steinsberg about 360 meters above the level ofthe sea.The octagonal tower is surrounded by three walls and is 33 meters high. From Weiler one can easilywalk to the castle in fiveminutes.The castleis the property of baron voa Venningen in Munchen (Jliinich).In clear weather one can have a splendid view from the castleover the wholeregion,there beingno high mountain in the immediate vicinity.By the time you will receive these pictures,I suppose we willbe celebrating on the Steinsberg at thesoldier's monu- ment the Sedan festival (capture of Napoleon III.)and also thebirthday ofthe Grand Duke,September Sth.The monumentyou will seeon thepicture to the left,between theruinsand the tall linden. Regarding the matter mentioned in my letterofAugust 17th I hope soon to be able to give moredetailed information.Wishing that the enclosed picturesmay awaken in you genuine pleasure and give complete satisfaction,Iremain with many greetings from mother,sistersand brothers,your very obedient cousin. Martin Spengler, verte! Spengler Immigrants,1727-1774. The Colonial Records,Pennsylvania Archives and the work of I. Daniel Ruppcontaining 30,000 names of Pennsylvaniaimmigrants, give the following persons of the name of Spengler who landed in Philadelphia from 1727 to 1774.They all sailed from Rotterdam, save George Christian Spengler,who embarked at Amsterdam. Nearly all the original lists are in the possession of the Com- monwealth,but have been badly mutilated by searchers for untold fortunes.In some few cases,the entire list of ship's passengers is preserved with the ages of all.Originally these were furnished the proper authorities,but unfortunately one by one they have been abstracted. Mr.Rupp prints the followingletter to him from the author and poet,the Rev.Henry Harbaugh,D.D.,a maternal relative of the writer,written in 1856: "This collection will place in the hands of subscribers themeansoftracingtheir ancestors,which must be a great satisfaction to all who have not,under falsetrain- GERMAN ANCESTRY. ing,grown indififerent to theirearthly origin.We areamongthosewho believe that any who care not about their earthly origin,carelittle asto anythinghigher." Hans Kaspar Spengler, Johannes Spengler, Hans George Spengler, J'org Henrich Spengler, Joh.BalthasarSpengler, Jacob Spengler, Stophel Spengler, Maria Elizabeth Spengler, Michael Spengler, Peter Spengler, Johan HenrichSpengler, George Christian Spengler, Peter Spengler, Michael Spengler,Hans George Spengler, Peter Spengler, Johannes Spengler, AVilhelm Spengler, Yost Spengler, SHIP. (1) CASPAR SPENGLER. The Palatixe Reformers. WILLIAM PENN'S mother had been a member of the Reformed Church in Holland,and he had studied at one of the Reformed Universities of Saumur,in France,1662-63.A few years before obtaining his charter,he visited the portion of Europe from which the greater part of the York County Germans emigrated—the Palatinate on the Rhine.He sympathized with the Swiss and Palatine Re- formers,and invited them to settle in his Province in North Am- erica,thus making Pennsylvania the birth place ofthe German Reformed Church of the United States.Upon the revocation of the Edictof Nantes,500,000 Huguenots fled from France,of which number 60,000 emigrated to German^',an important addition to the German Reformed Church with which they organized.They were important,not only for the number,but also for their influ- ence.Many of them were nobles,most of them were artisans and manufacturers. The French Marauders. In the latter part of the Seventeenth Century the fertile lands of the Palatinate were made the scene of devastation,spoliation and ruin.Louis XIV.suddently precipitated eighty thousand troops on these people within the short period of seven weeks,and changed that Paradise into a desert.Heidelberg,Mannheim and Worms were looted and partly burned,twelve hundred villages were razed to the ground and 40,000 inhabitants robbed of all they had.For example,during the last night of a French commander's 14 CASPAR SPENGLER. stay in one of these towns,he caused it to be so completely and methodically plundered,that he had himself nothing but straw to sleep on ;and the next day this bedding was employed in setting fire to the town,which was presently reduced to ashes.Since the day of the Huns,Europe beheld no such devastation.The Em- peror of Germany who should have protected the Palatinate,had his hands full with the Turksjii'st then,and could do nothing to help them. Prior to the peace of Ryswick (1697)and the succeeding peace of Utrecht (17 13)the people were denied every opportunity to recover. Congregations had to worship in the open air,and thousands werecompelled to flee from their homes.The disti'ict of Sinsheim, in which the Spenglers resided,was scourged and devastated.In 1674 Turenne invaded it,the German forces being under the com- mand of the Duke of Lorraine.In 1689 the city of Sinsheim was utterly destroyed by the French and the inhabitants exiled.Im- mense multitudes went down the Rhine.They arrived at Holland, many utterly destitute,and encamped by thousands in the envir- ons of Amsterdam and Rotterdam,where the Dutch did all they could to help them,their persecuted brethren in faith.It was from the latter point that the Sv.'iss,Palatines (including the Spenglers),and refugee Huguenots sailed to find an asylumn on our hospitable shores.Thus began that great influx of Germans whose numbers and character greatly affrighted the English of Pennsylvania as to their supremacy,and to prevent their political ascendency denied them for many years the privileges of citizen- ship. The Spengler emigrants to America were Reformers with the courage of their religious convictions,and refused to subscribe to a religion which their own denounced as profane.The Speng- lers who settled in York County were from Weyler under Steins- berg,near Sinsheim,Baden,then in the Palatinate on the Rhine, and accepted William Penn's invitation to settle in his Province. "They wroughtin sadsincerity — Themselves from God they could not free ; They builded better than they knew, The conscious work to beautygrew." They were not peasants,but belonged to the well-to-do,thrifty and intelligent classes.While not classed at the time of their CASPAR SPENGLER.15 emigration among the nobility,they were at least the descend- ants of noble and honorable stock—a fact established by the rec- ords and re-enforced by tradition. Caspar Spengler's Birth and Marriage. Hans Kaspar Spengler,the Pioneer Spengler on this Continent, was born at Weyler (Weiler)January 20,1684.He was a son of Hans Rudolf Spengler,whose father,Jacob Spengler,was a citizen of Schoeftland,Canton Berne,now Aargau,Switzerland, and a descendant of George Spengler,1150.'Caspar married February 9th,1712,Judith Ziegler,the adopted daughter of Martin Ziegler.He was a Master and Craftsman of the Linen Weaver's Guild of Weyler,as the credentials and passport ofhis brother,Henry Spengler,attest.(See title Henry Spengler.) Caspar Spengler Master of the Linen Weavers'Guild. Guilds at that early period were organizations created for mu- tual protection,for the attainment of some common purpose,or the pursuit of a special object,and the advancement of the inter- ests of the fraternity.They attained their highest prosperity and development in the Teutonic countries.The craft guilds as well as others,appointed a master and subordinate officers,made ordinances,including provisions for religious observance,mutual help and burial,and enforced regulations against fraudulent work- manship.The art of linen weaving,with its inventions,combin- ations and embellishments,was then classed among the fine arts, and men of birth and education were accustomed to practice it. These guilds became of such importance,that their law grew to be that of the commune or town,and the heads of which were con- cerned in its government. Caspar Spengler,as the head of his guild at Weyler,was there- fore,from the very nature of his position,an official of weight, consideration and authority.Artisans were very much desired by William Penn,whose cardinal principle,so strongly emphasized in the settlement of Pennsylvania,was that the learning ofa trade was the fittest equipment for colonization. 16 CASPAR SPENGI.ER. The Arrival of Caspar Spengler and Family in Phila- delphia. Caspar and his wife Judith and their sons,Jonas,Bernhara, Rudolph and daughter Anna Maria,(his other sons Albrecht and Phillipp presumably died in their minority,)all under sixteen years of age,set sail from Rotterdam,Holland,on the Ship Wil- liam and Sarah in the summer of 1727,and after a long and tedious voyage,incident to the period,arrived in Philadelphia September,1727.(His brothers,George,Henry and Baltzer ar- rived in 1732.)The ship contained one hundred and nine male Palatines,above the age of 16 years,who with their familes num- bered about four hundred persons. The Master,William Hill,of this ship,being asked by the Board of the Provincial Council if he had any license from the Court of Great Britain for transporting these people,and what their intentions were in coming hither,said that he had no license or allowance for their transportation other than the clearance, and that he believed they designed to settle in this Province. Instructions From the Governor. "The Governor acquainted the board,that he had called them together atthis time to inform them that there is lately arrived from Holland,a ship with four hundred Palatines,as 'tis said,and that hehas information theywill be very soon followed by a very much greater Number,who design tosettle in the back parts of this province;&as they transport themselveswithout any leave obtained from the Crown of Great Britain,and settle themselves upon the Proprietors untaken up Lands without any application to the Proprietoror his Commissioners of prop- erty,or to the Government in general,it would behighly necessarj'to concert propermeasuresforthe peace and security of the Province,which maybe endang- ered by such numbers of Strangers daily poured in,who being ignorant of our Language &Laws,&settling in a body together,make,as it were,a distinctpeo- ple from his MajestiesvSubjects." "The Board taking the same intotheir serious Consideration,observe,that as these People pretend at first that they fly hither on the Score of their religious Liberties,and come under the Protection of His Majesty,its requisite thatinthe first Place they should take the Oath of Allegiance,or some equivilent toit to His Majesty,and promise Fidelity to the Proprietor &obedience to our Estab- lished Constitution;And therefore,until some proper Remedy canbe had from Home,to prevent the Importation otsuchNumbersofStrangersinto thisorothers ofHis MajestiesColonies." "'Tis ORDERED,that the Masters of the Vessellsimporting them shall be ex- amined whether they have any leave grantedthemby the Court of Great Britain Iiiii»*{^ THE ANCESTRAL HOME,IN WEILER,BADEN. CASPAR SPENGLER.17 for the Importation of these Forreigners,and that a List shallbe taken ofthe Names of allthese People,theirseveral Occupations,and the Places from whence they came,and shall be further examined touching their Intentions in coming hither;And further,that a writing bedrawn up for them tosign declaring their Allegiance &Subjection to the King of Great Britain &Fidelity to the Proprietary of this Province,&thatthey will demean themselves peaceably towards all his Majesties Subjects,&strictly observe,and conform tothe lawsofEngland and of this Government." The Declaration of Allegiance. Thereupon the male immigrants of the ship,above the age of sixteen,appeared at the Court House in Philadelphia,September 2ist,1727,before the board : Honorable Patrick Gordon,Esq.,Lieut.Governor,James Logan, Richard Hill and William Fishboum,Esqs.,and repeated and sixbscribed the following Declaration of Allegiance : "We Subscribers,Nativesand late Inhabitants ofthe Palatinateupon the Rhine &Places adjacent,having transported ourselves and Familiesinto this Province Pensilvania,a Colony subject tothe Crown of Great Britain,inhopes and Expec- tation of finding a Retreat &peaceable settlement therein.Do Solemnly promise &Engage,that We will be faithful &bear true Allegiance tohispresent MAJ- ESTY KING GEORGE THE SECOND,and his Successors Kings of Great Britain,and will be faithfull to the Proprietor ofthis Province;And thatwe will demean ourselves peaceably to all His said Majesties Subjects,andstrictly observe &conform to the lawsof England and this Province,tothe utmost of our power and the bestofour understanding." The English scribes at Philadelphia of the German names were very careless in their translations or transcriptions.For example, in the Colonial Records Caspar's name appears as Pastor Springier, and in the Pennsylvania Archive it is Caspar Springier.I.Daniel Rupp,the German scholar and historian,who made a personal inspection of the signatures,has given it correctly as Hans Caspar Spengler.The praenomen "Hans "was dropped by the Germans soon after their arrival here. Settlement in the Wilderness West ofthe Susquehanna. Caspar Spengler did not tarry long on the settled and peaceful shores of the Delaware.He was made of "sterner stuff,"and within two years after his arrival plunged into the wilderness and became one of the very earliest permanent settlers west of the Sus- quehanna,the first authorized settlement being made here in 1729. 18 CASPAR SPENGLER. It was the custom of the early York county immigrants,after tarrying for a short time with their German friends in Berks or Lancaster counties,to go directly to their contemplated places of settlement west of the Susquehanna.They brought with them their iron-bound chests,one generally for each family,and in them were found homespuns and the most important household utensils. One or two covered wagons,sometimes their own,frequently the property of settlers in eastern counties of kindred nationality,were invoked to haul their wives,children and possessions to the local- ity selected for their future homes.In these wagons were stored household effects and some of the most essefitial but rude imple- ments of husbandry,such as the wooden plow,the scythe,the hoe and sickle.The strongest and sturdiest went ahead,and with axes cleared away in the uninhabited sections the impeding ob- structions,such as fallen trees and hanging vines,and made pass- able the streams necessary to cross.The deep morasses and sa- vannas traversed are now embraced among the most fertile and pi'oductive farms in this Commonwealth. Caspar Spengler located with the "Permission of the State Pro- prietaries of the Province,"and in virtue of the right of "Squatter Sovereignty "seven hundred and eleven acres of lime-stone land about one and a half miles east of that portion of the banks of the "Katores "on which York-Town was thirteen years later laid out. The plantation began at the northern range of hills and extended across what was later designated as the "Great Road leading from York-Town to Lancaster."It embraced the present magnificent Kohr,Schotzberger,Weidman,Matthews,and Keesey (lower por- tion)and several other farms.A deed for 385 acres thereof was executed by Thomas Penn to Caspar Spengler,October 30,1736, the main consideration being settlement and improvements.Bern- hard Spengler,a son of Caspar,December ist,1767,acquired the warrant and title to the northern section of 326^acres.The southern portion,bisected by the "Great Road,"was conducted by Caspar in conjunction with his youngest son,Philip Caspar Spengler. Shortly after the above occupation and settlement,Caspar loca- ted a tract of land of seven hundred and nineteen acres,seven miles west of the Codorus Creek,"near the Little Couewago CASPAR SPENGLER.19 Creek on the Conogocheague Road"(now the York and Gettys- burg Turnpike,)on which he placed his sons,Jonas and Rudolph. A warrant for the same was issued October i6,1738,to Caspar, who assigned his interest therein to his said two sons,and to whom patents were subsequently granted.The particulars attending this pre-emption will be found in subsequent pages. Caspar Spengler and his associate settlers were subjected to great inconveniences during the first decade of their settlement for want of suitable houses,mills and many family necessities.' A few years after Caspar's occupation of his first plantation the notorious Col.Thomas Cressap and others,under authority from the Governor of Maryland,and in virtue of an alleged patent to the latter from the King of Great Britain,assumed the right to oust by force the German settlers west of the Susquehanna with the purpose of occupying these fertile lauds themselves.For years an armed conflict was waged.The invaders were finally ejected and peace restored.In an indictment found against these encroachers mention is made of the lands in the "quiet and pos- session "of Caspar Spengler.A detailed account of this famous Maryland intrusion and war will be found under the title of Henry Spengler. Caspar's Death,and his Desecrated Grave. Caspar Spengler died in the year 1760,aged 76 years,and was buried in the private family graveyard,about eighty feet square, on his plantation one and a half miles east of York adjoining the "Great Road to Lancaster."This burial ground was sub- stantially enclosed,and had a fenced roadway thereto seventeen feet wide from the "Great Road "for mourningtrains to pass over to perform the last rites of sepulture.In it were also interred his wifeJudith,his sons Bernhard,Philip Caspar and other members and descendants of the family,as well as the remains of a few immediate neighbors.Gravestones with the usual mortuary in- scriptions marked this last resting place,so that subsequent gen- erations could not err in locating their dust. Fifty years ago these memorial tablets were still standing.To- day not a vestige remains.Upon the decay of the fenced enclo- 'App.Note 3. 20 CASPAR SPENGLER. sure,the vandal farmers—tenants of the successors to the title of the land surrounding the graveyard—began to encroach upon it, reducing it finally to one half itsoriginal area ;the fenced roadway greed appropriated,and the destruction was completed.Among all peoples having any pretensions to even primitive civilization, the burial places of the dead have been decreed sacred and inviol- able ground ;and it is,therefore,difficult to compiehend how in a nineteenth century civilization such sacrilege should have been either perpetrated or permitted. "Good friend forJesus'sake forbear To dig the dust enclosed here ; Blestbe the man who spares thesestones And cursed be he who movesmy bones." Some of Bernhard Spengler's descendants lived within a mile or two of this graveyard,and must necessarily have had knowledge of this intrusion.They should have either renewed the fence or protected the graves from violation.It now becomes the duty of the descendants to repair the wrong,and erect on the spot before it is entirely appropriated a stately shaft in commemoration of the sterling virtues of honored and worthy ancestors. Caspar Spengler's will was duly probated in the Register's Office in York,April 28th,1760.His wifeJudith and all his children, except Mary,wife of Col.Michael Swoope,survived him. Will of Caspar Spengler. In the Name ofGod Amen ICaspar Spengler being sick and weak in Body but cf sound and perfect understanding &Memory thanks be to God do recommend my Soul to God whogave it &my Body to the earth to be buried in a Christian- like &decent manner at the Discretion of my friendsand as formy worldly sub- stance I dispose ofthe same in manner following: Eo,Imp.my will and desire is that my beloved WifeJudith Spengler is to have her choice of the two Dwelling Houses Twenty Four Bushels ofWheat Eight Bushels of Rye Thirty Bushels of Oats Yearly &every year during her Natural Life.Item my Will and desire is thatray Wife beloved Judith shall have Three Cows &two Sheeptobe Foddered yearly and every year during her natural Life by the Person that liveson my PHntation whereon I now live,also the Interest of John Christian Wamblers Bond which is Twenty Five poundsand ifshe stands in need of the Principle or any pari thereof she is to have thebenefit ofthe same yearly and every yearduring her natural Life &she is to Will and dispose ofthe same as she thinks proper she isalso to have partofthe Garden and as much of the Apples as shepleases Item—myWill and desire is thatmy beloved wife Judith shall have the Bed and Beding which we now lye in,the Bedstead and one quarter ofan acre of flax CASPAR SPENGLER.21 ground to be plowed and sowedyearly and every yearby my Son Philip Caspar and at his expense sheisalso to have the choice ofthe stables to feed her Cows in. Item—ray Will and desire is that my beloved WifeJudith have the Dark bay Mare which she commonly rides on and to be fedby theperson that will live on the Plantation whereon I now Dwell &mywill is that my beloved Wife Judith have one seventh part of all my PersonalEstate shareand share alike with my Children after my Debts and Funeral Expenses are paid and to Dispose ofthe same as she thinks proper Item—I will to my Daughter Judith Widow of Henry BakerTen Bushelsof Wheat yearly ami every year during her Widowhood and the Privilegeofliving with her Mother till she is Married and to have an equal share with myother Children of all my Personal Estate share and share alike the Ten Bushels of Wheat to be paid my DaughterJudith by the person that lives on my Plantation and whoever lives on the said Plantation is to find &procure sufficient Fire wood for my WifeJudith &Deliver the same at the House wherein she lives during her natural life Item—I will and bequeath to my Son Philip Caspar Spenglertwo Hundred Acres of Land including all the buildings and orchard onehalf of all the Wheat Rye Oats Hay Flax &Indien Corn the other half tobe equally Dividedamongst my Wife and Children Including PhilipCaspar. Item—I will and bequeath to my Son Barnet Spenglerone Hundred .\cres of Land part of the TractofLandthat I now live on he yielding and paying yearly and every year one thirdpart ofthe Wheat Rye Oats Flax Etc.,before Willed to his Mother and Sister Item—my Will and desire is that theshares coming to my Grand Children be equally Divided among the Sons and Daughters and I nominate and appoint my beloved WifeJudith Spengler BarnetSpengler and Michael Bird the only and sole Exe'rs of this my last Will andTestament IN WITNESS whereofI have hereunto set my Hand and Seal the Twenty Seventh Day ofApril one Thousand Seven Hundred and Fifty Nine Signed Sealed Published and Declared as his last Will CASPAR SPENGLER (seal) and Testament in the Presenceof JOHN ADLUM CASPAR WILIAR York County SS.Before me George Stevenson Esq.Deputy Reg'r forthe Probate of Wills_&granting of Letters of .administration for the said County per- sonally came John Adlum Esq.&Caspar Wiliar the two subscribingWitnesses to the forgoing Instruments ofwriting &on their solemn Oath say that theysa.w and heard Caspar Spengler Sign seal publish and declare the same as &for his Testa- ment &last Will,that atthat Time the s'd Caspar Spenglerwas of sound anddis- posing Mind &Memory as far as theyknow &believe andthat they subscribed their Names as Witnesses to the same in presenceofthe Testator Sworn &subscribed )TOHNADTTTMatYorkthe28thApril1760ICASPARWILIARCor.Geo Stevenson D:R:'rJ CASPAR WILIAR 22 CASPAR SPENGLER. The testator took special care that his "beloved wife Judith shall have the dark-bay mare which she comnionly rides on." At that time the roads generally did not deserve the name of highways,they were mostly mere wagon tracks blazed through the woods,and in many places swampy and impassable for ve- hicles.Hence travel on horseback,with both sexes,became almost universal. Caspar's Personal Estate. The inventory of Caspar's personal property was made by John Adlura,Associate Judge,Zach.Shugart aud Michael Ebert,and amounted to /'768,los.4d.Cows were then worth $16.00,horses $6o.co,butter i3cts.,salt $1.50 per bushel,flax seed $3.75,dried beef 9cts.,bacon I2cts.,wheat 5J1.00,rye 62cts.,and oats 50cts. The following money was appraised : £.s.d. Paper money 40 o o Silver 22 13 9 Sterling o 17 6 Gold III pistoles 149 17 o Four English Guineas 5 16 o Two Moydores 470 Eight French Louisdores 13 80 Four Half Johanneses 5 15 o A piece of gold 2 12 o Nineteen half French pistoles 25 16 9 Fourteen Duggards 9 16 o The gold appraised was probably what remained of the coin brought from the Fatherland. The decree of distribution of the personal estate was made "At an Orphans Court held atYork forthe Countyof York the 28thday ofOc- tober in the Sixth Year of the Reign ofour Sovereign Lord,George thethird by the Grace ofGodofGreatBritain,France and Ireland King Defender ofthe Faith and so fourth,and in the Year ofour Lord onethousards;venhundred and sixty five.Before Martin Eichelberger,Michael Swoope and John Adlum Esqs., Justices,Assigned &c." The distribution was of the money collected to that time,and there was awarded to the widow Judith ;^io3,3s.,and to the guardian of the minor children of Jonas,to Bernhard,Rudolph, Philip Caspar,Judith Baker,and to the children of Mary deceased THE EVANGELICAL CHURCH,WEYLER,IN WHICH THE SPENGLERS WERE BAPTIZED AND WORSHIPPED,ip.n.) CASPAR SPENGLER.2S wife of Michael Swoope,Esq.,or their guardian,each the sum of _;^io3,I2S.;total,^706,i6s.i farthing,inclusive of Court ex- penses. Casper Spengler's Children. 1.Jonas Spengler. 2.Bernhard Spengler. 3.Rudolph Spengler. 4.Philip Caspar Spengler. 5.Judith,wife of Henry Baker. 6.Mary,wife of Col.Michael Swoope. I JONAS SPENGLER, (Son of Caspar.) Jonas was the eldest son of Caspar Spengler,and was born May 26th,1715,at Weyler under Steinsberg,County of Hilsbach,in the Palatinate on the Rhine,(now in Baden).He andhis brother, Rudolph,were located prior to 1738,by their father on a tract of land supposed to measure "six hundred acres,"seven miles west of Codorus Creek,(York did not then exist,)on the Little Codorus Creek,on the "Conococheague Road "now the York and Gettys burg Turnpike,all then in the County of Lancaster. On an accurate survey made of the same in 1765 in pursuance of a second warrant issued by the Surveyor General in 1763,this tract measured seven hundred and nineteen acres and allowance, ofwhich 363 acres and 154 perches,western portion,were patented to Rudolph Spengler,in trust for the wife and children of Jonas, then deceased.A copy of the original warrant of October i6th, 1738,issued by Thomas Penn,and on file in the interior depart- ment at Harrisburg,will be found under the title of Rudolph Spengler,(Son of Caspar). This entire tract was then a dense forest,and as late as 1769 only 15 acres of the tract was in grain.His widow was then assessed 3 horses,2 cows and 2 sheep.The large springs upon it were favorite places for the wigwams of the Indians,and around one of which,as late as thirty years ago,arrow heads and toma- hawks were annually ploughed up in great abundance. While the Indian Sachems had a few years before 1738,con- veyed their lands on both sides of the Susquehanna and west to the setting of the Sun,this section on the little Conewago creek, and westward,was still the hunting ground of the Conestogas,the Mingoes,and the Conewagoes—the last of the Susquehannas.It was around the mammoth springs of this section that they held some of their religious and annual Corn festivals.William Penn, in a letter of 1683,gives a very interestingand graphic description of their habits,customs,and religious rites.' ^App.Note4. CASPAR—JONAS—JOSEPH.25 At the same period the Germans,by dispensing even-handed justice and the exercise of skilful diplomacy,were singularly ex- empt from Indian depredations and massacres.They declined to encroach upon the implied and reserved rights of the red man; nor would they permit unscrupulous English traders to deceive and defraud them.It was not until Braddock's defeat in 1755 that the settlers of York County were put in imminent peril.A description of their inroads and massacres will be found in the ap- pendix.' Jonas Spengler died in 1762,on his said plantation in Para- dise (now Jackson)Township,and left to survive him Mary Kindigen (or Catharine)Spengler (on her tombstone Maria Stinia Spengler),who was born in Germany in 1718,and died October 15,1784.Her remains lie in the Pigeon Hill church- yard beside her husband. Children of Jonas Spengler. 1.MajorJoseph Spangler. 2.Bernhard Spangler. 3.Henry Spangler. 4.Rudolph Spangler. 5.Eve,wife of John Emig. 6.Judith,wife of Peter Erb. 7.Catherine,wife ofJacob Wiest. 8.Anna Mary,wife of Christian Wiest. L MAJOR JOSEPH SPANGLER. He was born in Paradise Township in 1745,and died in Wash- ington Township in 1802.His wife was Elizabeth Gardner.He was elected ist Lieutenant of Capt.Michael Ege's company,and Major of the Fifth BattalHon York County Militia,organized in 1775,and with his command marched to Eastern New Jersey,to form the "Flying Camp."^He was still Major April 5,1778. 26 CASPAR—JONAS—JOSEPH. After the Revolutionary War he settled upon six hundred acres of land on the Big Conewago Creek in Warrington township,York County.On the entire tract,then covered with timber,he and his family were for years unable to make enough hay to feed four horses.Undaunted,he and his sons resolutely felled the forest, and now it comprises four of the most fertile farms in the county."The forests disappeared before such pioneers like lichens and mosses of nature,and they fastened to the fertile soil where they planted."Nearly all the descendants of Joseph were farmers.The large two-story stone house built by him on this tract along the Carlisle Road north of the "Big Stone Bridge " is still standing with the southern gable-end cracked;and on a sand stone in this gable-end is the following : "A.D. 1789, J.S." Joseph Spangler's Children. 1.JONAS SPANGLER,who was bom in 1771;Fanner.Mar- ried Sarah Sharp March 10,1805,and died in Washington Town- ship in 1856.He enlisted in the war of 1812-14,and marched with his rifle Company,Abraham Rinker,Captain,to Baltimore in 1814,but arrived too late to participate in the battle of North Point,at which the British General Ross was killed.His children were: 1.GEORGE SPANGLER,who died in Washington Town- ship.His children are: 1.John Spangler.6.Henry Spangler. 2.Charles Spangler.7.Levi Spangler. 3.Amanda,wife of Wm.8.George Spangler. Murphy.9.Daniel Spangler. 4.Andrew Spangler.10.Lydia,wife of Allen 5.Jacob Spangler.Lafever. All of York county.Pa. 2.PETER SPANGLER died in Jackson Township July i, 1873,aged 63-8-15.He was married to Catherine,daughter of Jacob Wiest,who died December 15,1876,aged 64-3-6.He was the writer's faithful guardian.His children were : CASPAR—JONAS—JOSEPH.27 I.Emanitel Spangler.2.Levi Spangler,dead. 3.Man^,wife af Israel Spangler,dead. 4.Elizabeth,wife of George Myers. 5.Sarah,wife of William Hoke. 6.Louisa,wife of Franklin Sprenkel. All of York county.Pa. J.JOHN SPANGLER,Mount Royal,Dover Township. Children : 1.Lydia,wife of Wm.Ramsay. 2.Amanda,wife of George W.Kapp. 3.Elizabeth,wife of Henry Hubley. 4.Ella,wife of Henry S.Kunkel. All of York county.Pa. 4.JOSEPH SPANGLER,died at Mount Royal,Pa.,1877. Children : 1.Elizabeth,deceased,wife of Henry W.Sprenkel,de- ceased,Dillsburg,Pa. 2.Lucinda,wife of Rev.A.H.Irvine,Milton,Pa.Born April 24,1S42,died March 7,1885,and is buried in Prospect Hill Cemetery,York,Pa. 5.SAMUEL SPANGLER,born 1820,died 1892,in Dover Township.Children : I.George K.Spangler.2.Samuel Spangler. 3.Jacob Spangler.4.William Spangler. 5.Mary,wife of Emery Harlacher. 6.Sarah,wife of Philip Crone.7.Jonas Spangler. 8.Henr)-Spangler,killed in 1862,at the second battle of Bull Run.All of York county.Pa. 6.JONAS SPANGLER,East York.Children : I.John Spangler.2.Sarah,wife of Augustus Doll. 3.Alice,wife of Samuel Deterick. 4.Jacob C.Spangler.All of York,Pa. 7.SARAH,wife of PETER EYSTER,West Manchester Township,dead.Children : 1.Louisa,wife of Solomon Martin. 2.Elizabeth,wife of Alexander Spangler. 3.Elias Eyster,dead.4.Sarah,wife of George Emig. All of York county,Pa. 28 CASPAR—JONAS—JOSEPH. 8.MARY,wife ofJOHN LEATHERY,died in Dover Town- ship,in 1893.Children : 1.Jesse Leathery. 2.Sarah,wife of Jesse Deardorff,dead. 3.Kate,wife of Wm.Sipe. 4.Jane,wife of Lewis March. All of York county.Pa. 9.ELIZABETH,wife ofJACOB CRONE,Dover Township. Children : I.George Crone.2.Levi Crone. 3.Sarah,wife of Wm.Lenhart. 4.Mary,wife ofJacob Danner. 5.Jonas Crone.6.John Crone. 7.Emaline,wife ofJohn Stough. All of York county.Pa. JO.CATHERINE,wife ofJACOB KANN,dead.Child : I.William Kanu. //.LYDIA,wife of DANIEL SNELBAKER,died in Dover Township.Children : I.Samuel Snelbaker.2.Levi Snelbaker. 3.Daniel Snelbaker.4.Sarah,wife of J.Henry 5.Eliza,wife of Daniel Wentz.Meisenhelder. 6.Mary,wife of Levi Ranhauser. All of York county,Pa. 2.JACOB SPANGLER,(Son of Joseph)moved to Cumberland County,Pa.,ten miles above Boiling Springs,Craighead,P.O., where he died March 9th,1854,aged 62-3-26.He married Cath- erine Runkle,of York County,who died September 16,1893,aged 84-1-16.Children : /.NANCY SPANGLER,died single. 2.LAURA SPANGLER," J.SARAH SPANGLER," 4.JOHN SPANGLER, ,-.JOSEPH SPANGLER," ^6.ELIZABETH,wife ofJOSEPH BAKER,Craighead,Pa., dead.Children : I.Caroline,wife ofJ.F.Meixel.2.Kate Baker. 3.Jacob Baker.4.Mary E.Keiffer. CASPAR—JONAS—JOSEPH.29 5.Martha J.,wife of Alvin Warner.6.E.S.Baker. All of Cumberland county,Pa. 7.MARY,wife of NICHOLAS MYERS,died July 19,1862 aged 38-10.Children : 1.Sarah,wife of Henry Godshall. 2.Mary,wife of Edwin Wise.3.Wesley Myers. 4.Annie,wife ofJacob Diller. 8.CATHERINE,wife of CHRISTIAN HERR,died Sep- tember 29,1836,aged 42-1-27.Children : 1.Viola Herr.6.Abraham Herr. 2.Emerson Herr.7.Christian Herr. 3.Barbara Herr.8.Mary Herr. 4.Jacob Herr.9.George Herr. 5.Harry Herr.10.William Herr. All of Cumberland county,Pa. 9.JACOB SPANGLER,Jr.Married Rebecca Wallet,died February 24,1836,aged 34-S-27.Children: 1.Sebastian Spangler.3.Wm.Spangler. 2.Kate,wife of Wm.Drawbaugh.4.Mary Spangler. All of Cumberland county.Pa. 10.SAMUEL SPANGLER.Married Sarah Shaifer,died November 3otli,1870,aged 39-7-13.Children : I.Joseph Spangler.2.Clara,wife ofJohn Rieker. 3.Martha,wife of Joshua Forman. 4.Jacob Spangler.5.Lincoln Spangler. 6.Charles Spangler.7.John Spangler. All of Cumberland county,Pa. 3.JOSEPH SPANGLER,JR.,emigrated to Decatur,111.Twice married.Children : /.ELIZABETH,wife of HENRY ZORGER.Children ; 1.Jacob Zorger,Weldon,111. 2.Emanuel Zorger,dead. 3.Sarah Hagerty,Glasford,111. 4.Elizabeth Zorger,dead.5.George Zorger. 6.Mary Radcliflf,Fanners City,111. 7.Kate Benjamin,Chicago,111. 8.Susan Kendall.9.Joseph Zorger,Berment,111. .'.MARY,wife of HENRY LICHTENBERGER,1832- CASPAR—JONAS—JOSEPH. 1840,and of Samuel Connelly 1847-1874.She is living at Dallas,Iowa.Children : 1.James Lichtenberger,Marion,111. 2.Eli Lichtenberger,Manheim,Pa. 3.Susan English,Decatur,111. 4.Mary Nissley,Dallas,Iowa. 5.John S.Connelly,Philadelphia,Pa. 6.Wm.S.Connelly,Manheim,Pa. J.JACOB SPANGLER,Decatur,111.Married Ann Zorger July 20,1828.Children: 1.James Spangler,dead. 2.Jacob Spangler,Corpus-Christi,Texas. 3.Eliza Daly,Walnut Grove,Cal. 4.Annabella L,ong,Decatur,111. 5.Maggie Rhodes,Monticello,111. 6.Susan Renshaw,Alvord,Texas. 7.Wni.Spangler,Oreana,111. 8.Lute Laner,Decatur,111. /.SUSAN,wifeofJAMES B.TAIT,Decatur,111.Children: 1.Joseph S.Tait,Macon,111. 2.F.B.Tait,Decatur,111. 5.JOHN SPANGLER,Decatur,111.Children : 1.Elizabeth Burton,Arcadia,Kansas. 2.Ida Chenauweth,Wellington,Kansas. 3.Nellie Hawkins,Sangamon,111. 6.JOSEPH SPANGLER,Decatur,111.Children : I.Mary Harrington.2.Susan Hudson. 3.Alice Handley,Monticello,111. 4.Fannie Hahaunn,La Place,111. 5.J.D.Spangler,Monticello,111. 7.FELIX B.SPANGLER,Decatur,111.Children : 1.David Spangler,Oregon. 2.John Spangler,Salem,Oregon.3.Mrs.Beard. 8.DANIEL SPANGLER,Decatur,111.Children : 1.Lafayette Spangler.4.S.T.Spangler. 2.William Spangler.5.Hannah Spangler. 3.Rea Spangler. All of Hanford,Cal. CASPAR—JONAS—JOSEPH.51 p.ELIZA,wife of DIANIST DANIELS,Decatur,Illinois. Children : 1.John E.Daniels.4.Jacob Daniels. 2.Joseph Daniels,Monticello,111. 3.Martha Daniels,Bearsdale,111. 10.LYDIA,wife of WM.STRONG,La Harpe,Illinois. Children : 1.Nellie Strong.3.Walter Strong. 2.Mildred Strong. //.CAROLINE,wife of THOMAS DANIELS,Salida,Col. Children: 1.John Daniels.3.Charles Daniels. 2.Walter Daniels,all of Marion Centre,Kansas. 12.FRANK SPANGLER,Decatur,Illinois. 4.JOHN SPANGLER,(Son ofJoseph).Married Susannah Maish. born 1789,died in Warrington Township in 1850.Children: /.JOHN SPANGLER,died single. 2.HARRIET,wife of EPHRAIM SHELLY.Child: I.John Shelly,Boiling Springs,Pa. 3.MARY,wife ofJOHN CANNON,Alexis,111.Child: I.John Cannon,Chicago,111. 4.LEVI SPANGLER.Born 1825,died in Warrington Township in 1894.Children: 1.Emily J.,wife of Rev.Eli Miller,Butler,Pa. 2.Amanda E.Spangler,dead. 3.Emerson Spangler. 4.Albert D.Spangler,x\ttorneyat Law,Washington,D.C. 5.DANIEL M.SPANGLER,Captain Co.G.,166 Pennsyl- vania Infantry.Served also in the United States Navy. He died in New Orleans,La. 6.LOVINA,wifeofJOHNGOCHANAUER.Dead.Chil- dren: 1.Susanna,wife of Lewis Bosserman. 2.Daniel Gochenauer. 3.Elmira,wife of Willis Worley. 4.Jennie,wife of Davis Crowel.5.Joseph Gochenauer. 6.Charles Gochenauer.7.Jesse Gochenauer. All of York county,Pa. 32 CASPAR—JONAS-JOSEPH. 7.SUSANNA,wife of BENJAMIN KAUFFJMAN,Boiling Springs,Pa.Children: 1.Elmer Kauffman,Chicago,111. 2.Naoini Kauffman.3.Annie Kauffman. g.DAVID M.SPANGLER,Mount Royal,Pa.Children: I.Jesse Spangler.2.Francis Spangler. 3.Rebecca Spangler.4.Hattie Spangler. p.ELIZA SPANGLER,Mount Royal,Pa. 5.DANIEL SPANGLER,(Son ofJoseph).Born 1794.Married Mary Hobaugh.Died in Warrington Township July ist,i860. Children: /.DAVID SPANGLER.Children: I.Daniel Spangler.2.Harrison Spangler. 3.David C.Spangler. 4.Sarah,wife of Samuel Randolph. 5.Ida,wife ofJohn A.Kunkel. 6.Georgia,wife of John Bailetts. 7.Frederick M.Spangler,Attorney at Law. All of York county.Pa. 2.HENRY SPANGLER,died without issue. J.JABOB SPANGLER.Children. Ella,wife ofJacob Kunkel. Minerva,wife of George Smith. 3.Bella,wife of Charles Miller. 4.William Spangler.5.Jacob Spangler. Emma Spangler.7.Curtis Spangler. 4.SAMUEL SPANGLER,died without issue. 5.ELIJAH SPANGLER,died without issue. 6.DANIEL SPANGLER,died without issue. 7.NATHAN SPANGLER.Children: I.Charles U.Spangler.2.James U.Spangler. S.DR.WILLIAM H.SPANGLER.Dead.Child: I.Alberta May Spangler. 9.LYDIA,wife of DAVID STICKEL,Decatur,111.Children: I.Belle Stickel.2.Nathan Stickel. 3.Charles Stickel. 10.MARY,wife of HENRY J.GARDNER,Rossville,Pa. Children: THE FRENCH MARAUDERS IN THE PALATINATE,1690.(P.13.) CASPAR—JONAS—JOSEPH.33 1.Lida,wife of William A.Miller,Esq.,District At- torney,York,Pa. 2.Carrie,wife of Wm.Lichtenberger,Red Lion,Pa. 3.Myra Gardner.4.Laura V.,wife of Lee.F.Atticks. 6.ELIZABETH,(Daughter of Joseph)wife of SAMUEL GUN- GLE,dead.Children: /.JOHN KUNKLE,died at Mount Royal,Pa.,in 1892, aged 68 years.Children: 1.Abram S.Kunkle. 2.Mary S.,wife of Jacob Kunkle. 3.Jesse Kunkle,dead.4.Rolandus Kunkle. 5.Samuel Kunkle. 6.Louisa,deceased wife of M.B.Lease. 7.Lucinda,wife of Alexander Metzler. 8.John A.Kunkle. 9.Elizabeth,deceased wife of Howard H.Hinkle. 2.DANIEL KUNKLE.Children: 1.Elizabeth,wife of Wm.Spangler,afterwards of Frank Fisher. 2.Mary,wife ofJohn C.Sipe. 3.Sylvester Kunkle. 4.Amanda,wife of John Harrigle. 5.Lovina,wife of Henry Brenner. 6.Anna,wife of Edward Lease. 3.JACOB S.KUNKLE,Children: 1.James M.Kunkle. 2.Mary C,wife of Wni.Kilmore. 3.Allison Kunkle. 4.Amanda,wife ofJacob Drawbaugh. 4.SAMUEL KUNKLE.Children: 1.Elizabeth,wife of Adam Neiman. 2.Washington S.Kunkle.3.Albert Kunkle. 5.JONAS KUNKLE.Children: I.Wm.Kunkle.2.David Kunkle. 3.John Kunkle.4.Jacob Kunkle. 6.ELIZA,wife of ENOCH WEIGLE.Children: 1.Louisa,wife of Levi Snelbaker. 2.James M.Weigle.3.Samuel Weigle. 34 CASPAR—JONAS—JOSEPH. 4.Wesley Weigle.5.Franklin Weigle. 6.Monroe Weigle. 7.Elizabeth,wife of Henry Zeigler. 7.MARY ANN,wife of WM.HARLACHER,dec'd.Now wife of D.M.SWEITZER.Children: 1.Samuel Harlacher,Wellsville,Pa. 2.Calvin Harlacher,Harrisburg,Pa. 3.Elizabeth,wife of Charles Still. 4.William Harlacher,Mechauicsbnrg,Pa. 5.Clayton Harlacher,York,Pa. 7.MARY,(daughterofJoseph)wife ofABRAHAM KAUFFMAN, deceased,of Boiling Springs,Pa.,married Feb.24,1803.Mary died April 13,1847,^g^^66-4-17.Abraham died Sept.26,aged 59-1i-i.Children: /.DANIEL SPANGLER KAUFFMAN,graduated at Princeton College,N.J.,practiced law in Texas,from which state he was sent to Congress,and died in Washington,D.C,July 31,1851,aged 37-1-13.His three sons died unmarried.His daughter Anna married Dr.Allen of Texas,and two children survive her. 2.DAVID KAUFFMAN,Boiling Springs,Pa. 3.JOSEPH KAUFFMAN,died in Decatur,III,aged 62 years.Children: I.Catherine Kauffman.2.Anna Kauffman. 3.Almira Kauffman.4.Larinia Kauffman. 5.Harriet Kauffman.6.Emma Kauffman. 7.Martha S.Kauffman. 4.JOHN R.KAUFFMAN died in Decatur,111.,aged 72 years.Children: I.Isaac Kauffman.2.Harriet Kauffman. 3.Mary Kauffman.4.Margaret Kauffman. 5.HARRIET K.,wife of STEPHEN WEAKLEY,Boiling Springs,Pa. 6.LOVINA K.,wife of JAMES WEAKLEY,died in Mon- mouth,111.,Sept.24,1888,aged 66-7-6. 7.REV.ABRAHAM KAUFFMAN,graduated from Dick- inson College,Pa.,and Andover Theological Seminary. He was Pastor of Saint Philips'Church,Charleston,S. CASPAR—JONAvS—BERNHARD.35 C,and in that cit}'he died Angust 28,1849,^g^'^28-7-23. He left to survive him one son,Abraham C.KauiTman, Charleston,S.C. S.ELIZA K.,wife of MODE GRIFFITH,died at Boiling Springs,Pa.,aged 63 years.Children: I.Oliver K.Griffith,2.Levi J.Griffith, 3,Harrriet A.Griffith,4.David S.Griffith, 5.Wm.C.Griffith,6.Abraham K.Griffith, 7.Jennie G.,wife of Asbury Derland,BoilingSprings,Pa. 1101483 II.BERNHARD SPANGLER, (Son of Jonas). Born Sept.30,1745,and died in Paradise (now Jackson)Town- ship,in 1802.He was a member of Sixth Company,Seventh Bat- talion of the York County Militia in the Revolution.His wife Eve,(called Freany)was the widow ofJohn Reichart,of Windsor Township,deceased.She died Dec.25,1818,aged 65 years.In November 1789,he was assessed 150 acres of land,3 horses and 3 cows.His children were : 1 .JOHN SPANGLER,married Catherine Reichard,who was born February 15,1777,died June 21,1855.John Spangler was born November 20,1774,died November 14,1852.Children: /.NATHANIEL SPANGLER,married Anna Maria Wiest, who died May 12,1864,aged 50-17 d.Nathaniel died April,1895.Children : 1.Rev.Aaron Spangler.3.John C.Spangler. 2.Jacob W.Spangler,dec'd.4.Sarah,wife of David All of York,Pa.W.Crider. 2.JOHN SPANGLER,born December 26,1796,died Jan- uary ID,1872,at Littlestown,Pa.Children : I.Charles Spangler.2.John Spangler. 3.David Spangler.4.wife of Young. All of Littlestown,Pa. J.MAGDALENA,deceased wife ofJACOB BAHN,deceas- ed.Children: I.Lydia,wife of Peter Hantz.3.John Balm, 36 CASPAR—JONAS-BKRNHARD. 2.Catherine,wife of George S.Baum. 4.IvYDIA,deceased wife of DAVID SWARTZ,deceased. Married May 29,1829.Children : 1.Susannah,wife of John Julius. 2.Rev.David Swartz,Lakewood,N.J. 3.Belinda C,wife of Henry Zellers. 4.Sarah,wife of Charles Crouse,Littlestown,Pa. 5.EUZABETH,deceased wife of JOHN ROTH,deceased. Children : 1.John Roth,Spring Forge,Pa. 2.Catherine,wife ofJesse Detter,Bermudian,Pa. 3.Elizabeth,wife of George Bollinger,Spring Forge,Pa. 4.Sarah Roth,dead. 2.JACOB SPANGLER,(Son of Bemhard),born July 25,1783, died in Jackson Township,October 5,1847.Catherine,his wife, was born January 21,1791,died August 8,1874.His children were : /.HENRY SPANGLER,Jackson Township.Children : 1.Jacob Monroe Spangler, 2.Albert Spangler,Renova,Pa. 3.William H.Spangler,Bellwood,Pa. 4.Amanda,wife of George Heindel. 5.Mary,wife of Lewis Gross. 6.Susan,wife of Urias Stambaugh. 2.LYDIA,wife of BARNEY SPANGLER,(see title Ru- dolph Spangler.) 3.MICHAEL SPANGLER,born July 12,181 1,died De- cember 25,1888.Children : I.Sarah,wife of Peter Boyer.2.Henry Spangler. 3.William Spangler,Hazleton,Pa. 4.Jacob Spangler.5.Leah,wife of Eli Seifert. 6.Isabella,wife ofJohn Wm.Dyer. 7.Anna,wife of John Hostetter. 8.Ella,wife of George Stambaugh. 9.Lillie,wife of William Hoffhian. 10.Amanda,wife of Reuben Beck. All of York county.Pa. 4.ELIZABETH,wife of LEVI STOVER,died in Jackson CASPAR—JONAS—BERNHARD.37 Township,February 24,1884,aged 58-11-23.Children: I.Jacob E.Stover.2.Michael O.Stover. 3.Samuel Stover.4.Leah Jane Stover. 5.Amanda,wife ofJohn L,illich. 6.Sarah,wife of Elias Eyster,deceased. 7.Ellen,wife of Andrew Spangler. All of York county,Pa. 5.DANIEL SPANGLER,near Emmitsburg,Md.,bornJuly 30,1812,died June 2,1845.Lydia,his wife,was born July 23,1820,died July 20,1854.Both buried in the Pigeon Hill churchyard,Paradise Township,York coun- ty.Pa.Children: 1.Anna,wife of Devi Gallatin,Hanover,Pa. 2.Elizabeth,wife of Michael Stambaugh. 3.Jacob R.Spangler,Harrisburg,Pa. 4.Calvin Spangler,York,Pa. 6.JOHN C.SPANGLER,died January 9,1887,at Jefferson Borough,Pa.,aged 77-0-3.Children : 1.Sarah,wife of Samuel Hoffman. 2.Elizabeth,wife of Joseph Brown,Baltimore,Md. 3.Lydia,wife of M3'ers,Hazleton,Pa. 4.John Spangler.5.Elder Spangler,Hazleton,Pa. 6.Henry C.Spangler,Hazleton,Pa. 7.Leah,wife of Hetrick,York county,Pa. 8.Mrs.Lizzie Miller,Dalton,Md. 9.Jacob R.Spangler,Crawford county,Kansas.Children: 1.W.C.Spangler,Lawyer,Lawrence,Kan. 2.Sylvester W.Spangler,Kansas City,Mo. 3.Mahlon A.Spangler,Kansas City,Kan. 7.JONAS SPANGLER,died in 1884,at Jefferson Borough, Pa.Children : I.Wm.Spangler.2.Prof.Frank L.Spangler,York. 3.Emma,deceased wife of Daniel Sweigert. 4.Bradley Spangler.5.Hamilton Spangler. 6.Sarah A.,wife of Latimer Sheaffer. 7.Mary E.,wife of Robert Maguire. 8.Albert Spangler.9.Edmund Spangler. All of York county,Pa. 38 CASPAR—JONAS—BERNHARD. 8.JACOB SPANGLER,died at Smith's Station,York coun- ty,Pa.Children : I.Jacob Spangler.2.Lucinda Spangler. 3.Wm.H.Spangler.4.George A.Spangler. 5.SarahJ.,wife of P.S.Weaver. 6.Francis V.,wife of A.H.Bowman. 7.Jacob M.Spangler,8.Charles A.Spangler. 9.Hamilton Spangler.10.Edgar M.Spangler. 3.JONAS SPANGLER,(Son of Bemhard),born April 8,1788, died July 20,1846.He married August 18,181 1,his second cousin Elizabeth,daughter ofBernhard Spangler,(son ofRudolph). Elizabeth was born December 24,1793,and died December 23, 1853.They lived and died in Adams county,Pa.,where they conducted farming.Children : /.JOSEPH SPANGLER,Adams county,Pa.Born January 14,1813,died October 12,1838.Married Keziah Law- yer.Children : 1.David Spangler,Harney,Md. 2.Joseph Spangler,Harney,Md. 3.Lydia Annie,wife of Washington Hamer,Taneytown, Md. 2.JESSE SPANGLER,Adams county.Pa.Born April 20, 1815,died November 29,1880.Married Susan Geisel- man.Children : 1.Hamilton Spangler,dead. 2.Amanda,wife of Jesse Shaffer,Ortana,Pa.,dead. 3.Margaret E.,wife of B.F.Steiner,West Fairview,Pa. 4.Jonas C.Spangler,Kingsdale,Adams county.Pa. 5.Alice,wife of Thomas J.Hess,Harney,Md. 6.Daniel J.Spangler,Harrisburg,Pa. J.JONAS SPANGLER,Jr.,Adams county.Pa.,born No- vember 28,1822,died February 20,1885.Married Ma- tilda Mehring.Children : 1.Maggie,wife of John F.Sharretts,Barlow,Md. 2.Rebecca,wife ofJacob Sharretts,Harney,Md. 3.Virginia,wife of Edwin Benner,Barlow,Md. 4.JOHN BERNHARD SPANGLER,Harney,Md.Born May 20,1826,living.Married Lydia Ann Geiselman. CASPAR—JONAS—BERNHARD.39 Children : I.Augustus J.Spangler.2.Austin R Spangler. 3.Pius D.Spangler.All of Harney,Md. 5.JACOB SPANGLER,Frankfort,Ind.Born April 13, 1829,died April 1887.Married Catherine Williams. Child : I.John Alvey Spangler,Frankfort,Ind. 6.DANIEL SPANGLER,Adams county.Pa.Born May 12,1831,died April 19,1835. 7.LYDIA,wife ofJOHN RATHFON,U.B.minister,Frank- fort,Ind.Born August 27,1817,died November 28, 1880.Children : I.Mary Rathfon.2.Jonas Rathfon. 3.Anna,wife of Perry Davis,Forrest,Ind. 4.Ida Rathfon.5.Jacob Rathfon. 8.ELIZABETH SPANGLER,bom May 14,1832,died April 20,1835. p.BARBARA,wife of JACOB RODKEY,Taneytown,Md. Bom April 9,1834,died August 1886.Children : 1.Elizabeth,wife of Ezra Kaler,Uniontown,Md. 2.Jennie,wife ofJohn Hiltabridle,Mayberry,Md. 3.Jacob Rodkey,Mayberry,Md. 4.Ella,wife of Augustus Fells,Harrisburg,Pa. 5.Isaac Rodkey.6.William Rodkey,Mayberry,Md. 7.Catherine,wife of James Humpert,Taneytown,Md. 8.Martha,wife of Upton Lemmon,Mayberry,Md. 70.SARAH,wife of URIAH ROYER,Taneytown,Md. Born March 24,1837.Dead.Children: 1.Ida Royer,Taneytown,Md. 2.Anna Royer,Harrisburg,Pa. 3.Mary,wife of Samuel Martin,Taneytown,Md. 4.Abbie Royer. 5.Frank J.Royer,Ellensburg,Wash. 6.Wm.Royer,Taneytown,Md. 4.DANIEL SPANGLER,(Son of Bernhard),born July 30,1712, died July 2,1845. 5.ELIZABETH,(Daughter of Bernhard),wife of GEORGE KALTREIDER,died in Windsor Township.Children: 40 CASPAR—JONAS-HENRY. /.LYDIA KALTREIDER. 2.MARY KALTREIDER. 3.REBECCA KALTREIDER,died unmarried. 4.DANIEL KALTREIDER,died in Windsor Township. Children : I.Samuel Kaltreider.2.Tobias Kaltreider,Oregon. 3.Henry Kaltreider,Ind.4.Levi Kaltreider. 5.Daniel Kaltreider.6.Sarah,wife of Emanuel 7.Lucinda,wife of Wm.Kinard.Frey. 5.GEORGE KALTREIDER,Illinois.Children : I.Daniel Kaltreider.2.Lydia Kaltreider. 6.LYDIA SPANGLER,(Daughter of Bernhard).Dead. iiL HENRY SPANGLER, (Son of Jonas). Was bom in 1750,and died in Paradise (now Jackson)Town- ship in 1791.In 1778 he purchased of the other heirs of his father,Jonas,192 acres of land in said township,(part of the tract patented to Jonas),which Henry's executors,April 8,1791,sold to Michael Spangler,(son of Philip Caspar Spengler)and conveyed by Michael to two of his sons,Zachariah and Jesse Spangler.In 1789,Henry was assessed 2 horses and 2 cows.Henry was mar- ried on October 28,1779,to Maria Clara Hoke,who was born in 1753,and died in 1818.He belonged to the Seventh Company of the Seventh Battalion,York County Militia in the Revolution. Chidren : 1 .ADAM SPANGLER,(son of Henry).He was married to Cath- erine Sharp,and conducted a Tannery at Dillsburg,Pa.She died August 6,1864 in York,aged 73-8-3.Children : /.ELIZA,wife of THOMAS B.SCHALL,York,deceased: BornJuly 3,1810.Married October 21,1829.Children : I.John Schall.2.Amanda,widow of Henry Reis- inger.Lieutenant 130th Pa.Infantry,and late Recorder of York county. 3.Thomas B.Schall,Baltimore,Md. 4.Walter B.Schall,deceased. CASPAR-JONAS—HENRY.41 5.Emma V.,wife of George W.Hess. 6.Kate,wife of Thomas Owen,York,Pa. 2.HENRY SPANGLER,born June 18,1812,died March 10,1868.He married Eliza Ilgenfritz,March 17,1836. Died in York.Children : 1.Samuel H.Spangler,(Printer).Married MaryJane Stair,November 27,1862.Member of Co.A.,i6th Pa.Inf.,and one of the First Defenders in the late war.Children : 1.Henry Stair Spangler. 2.Mary Lydia,wife ofGeorge W.Reamer. 2.George I.Spangler,Lieutenant Co.K.,200 Pa.In- fantry,now in Baltimore,Md. 3.Catherine,wife of Zacharias Knaub,Baltimore,Md. 4.Fannie,wife of Franklin Barnhart,Warren,Pa. 5.Daniel Adam Spangler,York,Pa. 3.JOHN SPANGLER,died in New Orleans in 1840. 4.FREDERICK SPANGLER,Clark county,Ohio. 5.CLARA,deceased wife of WM.CALLENDER,York.Son: I.John Callender. 6.ELIAS SPANGLER,Sergent Co.I.,76th Pa.Infantry. Captured in the assault on Fort Wagner,S.C,and died in Richmond,Va.,December 13,1863.Children: I.Elias Spangler.2.George Spangler,York,Pa. 2.JOHN SPANGLER,(son of Henry).He died at Beaver Creek, near Rossville,Pa.,July 2,1850,aged 60-10.He was married April 7,1816 to Elizabeth Schrom,who afterwards married a Mr. Matier.Children : /.ELIZABETH,deceased wife of L.E.BUDDING,deceas- ed,of Wrightsville,Pa.Child ? I.Calvin Spangler Budding,late of Wrightsville,de- ceased.He was Lieutenant of Co.K.,45th Reg. Pa.Infantry,promoted to Captain,and wounded at the battle of South Mountain,Md.,'1862.Was for fifteen years ganger in the U.S.Revenue Service. Children : 1.Blanche Budding.3.Joseph Budding. 2.Anna Budding.4.Elizabeth Budding. 42 CASPAR—JONAS—HENRY. 2.SARAH,wife of Zeigler,Bucyrus,Ohio. J.SUSANNAH SPANGLER BUDDING. 3.LYDIA,(daughter of Henry),wife of ADAM SWOPE,Gettys- burg,Pa.She was born May 15,1785,and died December 20, 1841.Her husband was born April 15,1778,and died August 22, 1855.Her marriage to Adam Swope was the second time the Spangler and Swope families had intermarried.Her great-aunt Mary,daughter of Caspar Spengler,married Col.Michael Swoope, of Revolutionary fame.Their children were : /.CLARISSA SWOPE,born May 29,1804,died March 28, 1865. 2.CONRAD SPANGLER SWOPE,born March 31,1807, died January 11,1859. 3.GEORGE H.SWOPE,born March 4,1814,died July 29, 1889.He held several municipal offices at Gettysburg, and was an active member of St.James Lutheran church. 4.JOHN ADAM SWOPE,born October 2,1815,died Octo- ber 25,1880.He resided in Gettysburg,and was one of the most bitter opponents of slavery,and one of the origi- nal Abolitionists in that part of the country.He had naturally a strong and bright mind,and was a great gene- ral reader.He married Nancy McCurdy.His children are : 1.Lydia J.,wife of Rev.T.C.Pritchard. 2.James Adam Swope,married Anna Townsend. 3.Samuel McCurdy Swope,a graduate of Pennsylvania University,was twice elected District Attorney of Adams county,and is now President Judge of Adams and Fulton counties.Pa.He married Annie Kate Stair,of York,Pa. 4.John Franklin Swope,married Mary Ford. f.SAMUEL SWOPE,born May 26,1818,died March 22, 1848. 6.JULIA A'NN,wife of REV.EMANUEL HOFFHEINS, of the German Reform.ed Church.Born November 4, 1820,died August 7,1892.Married April 25,1839. Her husband was born September 18,1815,died March 28,1863.She was a woman eminent for her many CASPAR—JONAS—HENRY.43 christian virtues,and had a wide scope for the practice as the wife of a minister.Her married life was spent in Adams and Lancaster counties,where her husband was pastor of different Reformed churches.After his death she resided with her brother,George H.Swope,in Get- tysburg.Their children : 1.Rev.John Adam Hoffheins,D.D.,who married Hetty Adams. 2.Thomas E.Hoffheins.3.Lydia Hoffheins. 4.Clara Hoffheins.5.Julia Hoffheins. 6.Emma,wife of Rev.J.A.Koser. 7.Samuel Hoffheins.8.Lillie Dale Hoffheins. 9.Charles Nevin Hoffheins. Rev.John Adam Hoffheins,D.D.,is a clergyman of the Re- formed (German)Church;graduated from Franklin and Marshall College,and the Theological Seminary at Lancaster.He has been pastor of several prominent Reformed Churches,and is now locat- ed at Martinsburg,W.Va. 7.REV.DAVID SWOPE,born December 25,1824,died November 21,1881.Married November 5,1856,Clara J.Gilbert,who was born October 29,1835. He was a clergyman of the Lutheran Church.He graduated from Pennsylvania College in 1851,and after completing hisTheo- logical studies at the Gettysburg Seminary,entered the ministry in 1855.He spent the first five years of his ministry in Pennsyl- vania,as pastor of the Lutheran Church,ofJohnstown.In i860 he moved to New York State,where the greater part of his min- istry was spent as pastor of several of the best churches ofhis Synod.Owing to the severity of the climate of New York,he moved to Pennsylvania a few years before his death,and died while pastor at Dickinson,Pa.,188 1.As a pastor Rev D.Swope was zealous and laborious,taking a deep interest in all of his parishoners.As a preacher he was earnest,plain,eminentlyprac- tical and biblical.He evinced sincere reverence for the church of his choice,and her doctrines,and carefully and conscientiously practiced her usages.His children are : 1.Luther Gilbert Swope,deceased. 2.Dr.Gilbert E.Swope,born January 24,i860.A sue- CASPAR—JONAS—RUDOLPH . cessful druggist of Newville.Pa.He married Sep- tember 24,1890,Belle McKinney Hays,born October 12,1867.He is also author of the geneal- ogy ofthe Yost Swope family,a very admirablework. 3.Jessie Elizabeth Swope. 4.Josephine Roedel Swope. IV.RUDOLPH SPENGLER, (Son of Jonas). He was born about 1752,and died in 1830.His wife was named Christina.They resided near Heidlersburg,Adams coun- ty,Pa.,after they moved from York county.In 1788,Rudolph Spengler lived,and owned 170 acres of land,in Berwick town- ship in which the town of Abbottstown was then located.In the old Lutheran churchyard of Abbottstown,are the tombstones of Spenglers,(some undecipherable),among which are those of John Spangler,Christina Spengler,born May 3,1782,died April 6, 1807,Susanna Spengler,born December 28,1789,died April 17, 1800.Rudolph Spengler died in Berwick township,in August, 1830,and in his will bequeathed and devised his estate to his eleven children.The children of Rudolph Spengler were : 1 .JACOB SPANGLER,moved to Ohio about 1840.His decend- ants are unknown. 2.JOHN SPANGLER,moved to Ohio about 1840.His decend- ants are unknown. 3.JONAS SPANGLER,emigrated to Stark county,Ohio,abovit 1840.His descendants are unknown. 4.RUDOLPH SPANGLER,JR.,lived near Petersburg,Adams county,Pa.His children were : /.WILLIAM SPANGLER.Children : 1.Lizzie,wife of Gardner. 2.Ellen,wife of Cressler. CASPAR—JONAS—RUDOLPH.45 3.Emma,wife of Rupley. All of Green Springs,Cumberland count}'.Pa. 2.JACOB R.SPANGLER,Greencastle,Pa.Children : 1.Dr.Jacob B.Spangler,Mechanicsburg,Pa. 2.Henr}-W.Spangler,Attorney-at-Law,Denver,Col. j>.MARY SPANGLER,died unmarried. 4.MARGARET SPANGLER,died unmarried. 5.PEGGY ESSIG,died unmarried. 6.POLLY REX,moved to Ohio. 7.ESTHER ESSIG,moved to Ohio. 8.JOSEPH SPANGLER,moved to Ohio. 9.CATHERINE SAURP.AUGH,moved to Ohio. 10.DAVID SPANGLER,moved to Ohio. 11.SOPHIA,wifeof MICHAEL DEATRICK.She died May 9, 1833,aged 59 years.Children : /.NICHOLAS DEATRICK.He died near Chambersburg, Pa.,May,1877,aged 80 years.Children : 1.Rev.Wm.Deatrick,D.D.,Mercersburg,Pa.Entered Marshall College in 1S44 and graduated 1848. Studied theology at the Theological Seminary,Mer- cersburg,Pa.,and entered the ministry of the Ger- man Reformed Church in 1852.The ancesters of Mrs.Wm.Deatrick were related to George Wash- ington by marriage.Children : 1.Rev.Wm.Wilberforce Deatrick,Prof.Keystone State Normal School,Kutztown,Pa. 2.E.Rauson Deatrick,Pastor Trinity Reformed Church,Woodberry,Md. 3.Anna M.Deatrick,Mercersburg,Pa. 2.Michael Deatrick.3.John B.Deatrick. 4.Anna,wife of Adam Bream. 5.Jacob SpanglerDeatrick.6.Abraham Deatrick. 7.Howard N.Deatrick;Mercersburg,Pa. 2.JACOB DEATRICK,died near Chambersburg,Pa.Chil- dren : 1.Catherine,wife of Francis Peckmen. 2.Mary,wife of Daniel Eb)-. 3.Elizabeth,wife ofJohn Eberly, CASPAR—JONAS—EVE. 4.Leah,wife of Philip Carper.5.Jacob Deatrick. 6.Daniel Deatrick,Franklin county,Pa. 3.RUDOLPH DEATRICK.Children: I.Michael W.Deatrick.2.George Deatrick. 4.MICHAEL DEATRICK.Children: I.W.H.Deatrick.2.Samuel Deatrick. 3.David Deatrick.4.Susan Deatrick. 5.Elizabeth,wife of S.J.Myers. 6.Alice,wife of George A.Trostle. All of Plainville,Adams county.Pa. 5.CHRISTIANA,wife of JESSE SMITH,emigrated to Preble county,Ohio,in 1834.Children: I.Samuel D.Smith.2.John Smith. 3.Isaac Smith.4.William Smith. 5.Franklin Smith.6.Jesse D.Smith. 7.Mary,wife ofJacob Thomas. All of Darke county,Ohio. 6.MARY,wife of GEORGE KEYSER.Children : I.Wesley Keyser.2.Jacob Keyser. 3.Mary E.Keyser,Mansfield,Ohio. 7.SARAH,wife of DANIEL FIDLER,resides at Mercers- burg,Pa.Is 85 years old.Children : 1.Jacob W.Fidler,Arcanum,Ohio. 2.George Fidler.3.John W.Fidler. 4.Sophia Fidler,Plainview,Adams county.Pa. .?.MARGARET DEATRICK,died unmarried. g.CATHERINE DEATRICK,died unmarried. V.EVE,wife Of JOHN EMIG, (Daughter ofJonas Spengler). She was bc>rn about 1750.Margaret Rudisill,his second wife, was born in 1753,and died March 31,1839.With the latter he had no issue.John Emig was born January 28,1753,and died July 25,1834.He had two children with his wife Eve : 1.JOHN EMIG.He was born January-27,1780,and died March CASPAR—JONAS—EVE.47 28,1842.He Married Anna Mar}'Eyster,born January 24,1780, and died March i,1838.Children : /.SALUE,wife of HARRY BENTZEL,Son: I.Harry Bentzel,Winchester,Va. 2.REBECCA,wife of GEORGE MENGES.Children : 1.Sevilla,wife of Samuel Rudisill. 2.Louisa,wife of Abraham Martin. 3.Margaret,wife of Abraham Hoke. 3.CATHERINE,wife of MICHAEL LEIB.Children : 1.Louisa,wife of William Spangler. 2.Amanda,wife of Reuben Altland. 3.Elizabeth,wife of Samuel Graeff. 4.Maria,wife of Joseph Graeff. 5.Matilda,wife of Emanuel Myers. 6.Abraham Leib. 4.ELIZABETH,wife of ADAM EYSTER,Jr.Died July 24,1873,aged 65-5-28.Adam Eyster died March 4, 1861,aged 55-5-19.Their child was : I.Sarah,deceased wife of John Emig (of Valentine). 5.MATILDA,wife of JOHN LOUCKS,Jackson township. John Loucks died Jan.23,1859,aged 48-9-23.Children : I.Edward Loucks.2.John Loucks. 3.Mary,wife of Jacob Myers. 4.Sarah A.Loucks.5.Eleanor Loucks. 6.CHRISTINA EMIG.Died unmarried January 9,1885, aged 66-4-7. 2.ELIZABETH,(daughter of Eva Emig,deceased),wife of ADAM EYSTER.deceased.Children: /.ADAM EYSTER,dead.Child : I.Sarah,deceased wife ofJohn Emig (of Valentine). 2.JACOB EYSTER,deceased.Children : I.John Ej'ster,dead.2.Henry Eyster. 3.Israel Eyster.4.Peter Eyster. 5.George Eyster.6.Adam Eyster. 7.Anna,wife of Peter Eiseuhart,dec'd.East Berlin,Pa. 7.Caroline,wife of William Bott,New Oxford,Pa. 3.EVA,wife of REV.DANIEL ZIE(;EER,D.D.,deceased.Mrs. Zeigler lives in York,aged 79 years.Children : 48 CASPAR—JONAS-CATHERINE. /.JOHN ZIEGLER,Yellow Pine,la. 2.Dr.henry a.ZIEGIvER. 3.EMMA,deceased wife of AUGUSTUS LOUCKS. 4.SAMUEL EYSTER,died unmarried. 5.PETER EYSTER,married SARAH SPANGLER,daughter of Jonas Spangler,son ofJoseph.Children : /.ELIAS EYSTER,deceased. 2.EOUISA,wife of Solomon Martin,deceased. 3.ELIZABETH,wife of ALEXANDER SPANGLER. /.SARAH,wife of GEORGE EMIG. 5.MARTIN EYSTER,decea.sed. 6.REV.MICHAEL P:YSTER died at Bedford,Pa.Children : 1.EMMA,wife of 2.BARBARA,wife of VI.JUDITH,wife of PETER ERB, (Daughter of Jonas Spengler). She was born before 1750.Lived in Manheim township,and afterwards moved to Frederick county,Md.Some of the descend- ants are said to live at Silver Run,Carroll county,Md.Letters sent to them failed to receive a response. viL CATHERINE,wife of JACOB WIEST, (Daughter of Jonas Spengler). Married October 12,1765.Jacob Wiest moved to Berwick town.ship,Adams county.Pa.,prior to 1784,where he owned 170 acres ofland.He was born in 1741,and died June 25,1803,and his remains lie in the German Reformed churchyard at Abbotts- town,Pa.Catherine Wiest,their daughter,was born July 6, 1769.She is said to have married a Mr.Baumgardner.In Ger- man Wiest was spelled "Wiist". CASPAR—JONAS—ANNA MARY.49 ANNA MARY,wife of CHRISTIAN WIEST, (Wiist)(Daughter of Jonas Spengler). VII Married Oct.,27,1768.Chri.stian wasa member of the Seventh Company of the Seventh Battalion,York County Militia in the Revolution.Anna Mary (Maria)died May 2,1784,and is buried in Pigeon Hill churchyard,York county.Pa.Christian Wiest lived in Paradise township,prior to and in 1797 and years after- wards.His family moved to Franklin county,Pa.,prior to 1836. Tradition has it that Christian Wiest,during the last six years of his life,was compelled,on account of some offence committed,to walk ever}'morning before dawn between two ghosts,one white, and the other black.He was enjoined to talk to neither,and the morning of his violation of the injunction,he received a stroke of paralysis,and immediately died. "Doomed for a certain term to walk the night. Till the foul crimes done in the days of nature, Are burned and purged away.'" 2.BERNHARD SPENGLER, (Son of Caspar), Was born at Weyler,under Steinsberg,near Sinsheim,in the Rhenish Palatinate,(now in Baden),.September 3,1719,and died in York,Pa.,in 1804.He was naturalized in Philadelphia,Sep- tember 24,1762.(See Rudolph).The christian name of his wife was Anna Margaretha.He resided on the plantation of 32654 acres which his father Caspar acquired by occupation and improvement, in 1728,and which was later patented to him,Bernhard.This land is now owned by Daniel Kohr and sons,and others,and is distant about one and a half miles Northeast of York.In pros- pecting this section the attention of Bernhard and his father were arrested by the magnificent timber,the trees being as straight as arrows and of extraordinary height and circumference.Here Bernhard determined to settle,and immediately began the con- struction of the settler's log-house.What was one hundred and sixty-seven years ago an unbroken forest is now a veritable garden. Farming by the Indians and Early Settlers. The Indians prior to this settlement farmed a small patch at the large spring on this tract.Their methods required the squaws to do the tilling.They scratched the ground with sticks,and usel sharp stones to hoe the corn and beans which they planted,and -n the fall the cornstalks were burned with the weeds.Long,ha'd stones,used as pestles,and concaved ones used as mortars,hg\'e been found in various places in York County.They were u.ed in grinding the corn into a coarse meal,from which the "Johin}- Cakes "were made. The grain of the early settlers was cut with a sickle,thr&hed with a flail,and the chaff was separated from the grain by both being placed on a linen sheet,which two persons took hod of, and tossing the contents up in a current of air,a gentle Ireeze SETTLER'S CABIN AND THE PRIMEVAL FOREST. r -«-.^. m THE MILL OF OUR GRANDFATHER'S. CASPAR—BERNHARD—JONAS.51 would blow the chaff away and leave the precious grain.Corn was shelled with the hand or flail.Wheat or corn was ground the first year or two,in a "Pioneer Mill,"a mortar hollowed in the end of a log,or a stump,in which it was ground,Indian fashion, with a pestle.Soon after the small grist mill run by water power, was constructed.During the first season the log-house was com- pleted,about fifteen feet long,ten feet wide,and seven feet to the roof,at first covered with heavy bark,and after the first year's crop was carefully thatched with straw.There was no cellar to it.On the garret or "loft,"as it was termed was stored the grain of the first year's crop.The next winter was spent by the hus- band in clearing more land and in taking care ofhis horse,cow, pigs,and sheep,which were expected to huddle together,and live hannoniously in one common stable. The wife would "ply her evening care "in front of the blazing hearth,on which the glowing "black logs"furnished both heat and light. Bernhard later in life,and prior to 1780 purchased the lotand house.No.172,(65 feet),on the North side of West Philadelphia street,York,now owned by J.W.Buckingham,and Mrs.John Palmtag,and in which he died in 1804,aged 85 years. Children of Bernhard Spengler. 1.Jonas Spangler. 2.Rudolph Spangler. 3.Judith,wife of Henry Rudisill. 4.Anna Maria,wife ofJohn Wolf. 5.Maria Margaretha,wife of Jacob Creamer. 6.Casper Spangler. I.JONAS SPANGLER, (Son of Bernhard). Catherine,his wife,was born April loth,1741,and died Febru- ary 4th,1810.He lived on the homestead of his father in York (now Springettsbury)township until his death,September 19th, 1821,aged 80 years.He was a member of the second Company third Battalion,York County Militia,in the Revolutionary War. 52 CASPAR—BERNHARD—JONAS. The York Gazette of September 25,1821,says :"Jonas Spangler was a good citizen,an upright man,devoted to the cause of re- ligion,and has descended to the tomb in the fulhiess of years, leaving his virtues as an example for imitation of his numerous descendants." From the York Recorder and Independent Republican of Sep- tember 25,1821 :"Died on Monday last,near this Borough,Jonas Spangler,at the advanced age of 77 years.He was one of our most worthy and respected citizens."His children were: 1.JOHN SPANGLER,born November 22,1777,died November 28,i860,at the old Jonas Spengler Homestead,now owned by Daniel Kohr.Christiana,his wife,was born May 17,1786,and died August 30,i860.Children: /.LEAH,deceased wife of PETER HEINDEL,deceased, born May 25th,1807.Children : I.Edward Heindel,(dec'd.)2.William Heihdel. 3.Catherine,wife of Henry Musser,deceased. 4.Susan Heindel.5.Rebecca Heindel. 6.Henry S.Heindel.7.Charlotte Heindel. 2.MARY,deceased wife of GEORGE PREY,deceased. Children : 1.William Frey,Capt.of the 87th Reg.Pa.Infty.Band. 2.John Frey,Minneapolis,Minn. 3.Eliza,wife of Isaac Runk,East York. 4.Charles Frey,deceased. J.WILLIAM SPANGLER,born April 7th,1809,died March 29th,1890,in Springettsbury township.Catherine,his wife,was born September 15th,1816,died April 4th, 1882.Children: I.William Spangler.2.John Spangler,RedLion,Pa. 3.Zachariah Spangler.4.Jacob Spangler. 5.Emanuel Spangler.6.Alexander Spangler. 7.Louise,wife of Alexander Heidelbaugh. 8.Amanda,wife of Ulrich Shellenberger. 4.ANNA MARIA CATHERINE,wife of JACOB DEL- LINGER,born January 26th,1811,married March 28th, 1833,in Springettsbury township.Children: I.John Dellinger. CASPAR—BERNHARD—JONAS.53 2.William A.Bellinger,207th Pa.Infty.,killed at Petersburg,Va.April 2.1865. 3.Anna Dellinger. 4.Henry Dellinger,Co.E.87th Pa.Infty.Died in 1862,aged 17 years. 5.Michael Dellinger,glh Cav.and a member of General Grant's body guard. 6.Lucinda,wife of Samuel Brubaker. 7.Charles Dellinger,Co.D.200th Pa.Infty.,killed at Fort Steadman,1865.8.George Dellinger. 9.Catherine,wife of Edward Brenner. 10.Malinda,wife of George Miller. J.CHARLES SPANGLER,died in East York,May 20th, 1891,aged 67-9-3.Children: I.George Spangler.2.Frederick Spangler. 3.Elias Spangler.4.Jane,wifeofEliasWasser. 5.Leah,wife of Charles Bush. 6.Amanda,wife ofJohn Kindig. 5.JOHN SPANGLER,born July 13th,1818,in Springetts- bury township,died April 13,1895.Children: I.Israel Spangler.2.Clayton Spangler. 7.ELIZABETH SPANGLER,wife of John Cunningham, deceased.Born October 17th,1812,married May 17th, 1832,died March 7th,1883,in Springettsbury township. Children: 1.William Cunningham,County Commissioner. 2.George Cunningham,deceased. 3.Eli Cunningham.4.David Cunningham. 5.Susan,wife of William Nye,deceased. 6.Elizabeth,wife of Henry Shultz. ?.SAMUEL SPANGLER,Hatter,born May 23,1806,died in York,August 15,1878.Married Elizabeth Frank, May 17,1829.Children: 1.David Spangler,died in Philadelphia. 2.Maria,wife of John Dennis. 3.Mary,wife of James A.Stable,Lieut.Col.87th Reg. Pa.Infty.and present member of Congress.She 54 CASPAR—BERNHARD—JONAS. was born November 20,1832,married December 25,1851,diedJuly 3,1865.Children: 1.John W.Stable. 2.Kate,wife of D.H Welsh,merchant. 3.Dr.R.S.Stable. 4.Elizabeth,wife of H.M.Everhart. 5.Charles H.Stable. 4.Adam Spangler. 5.Harrison Spangler,Co.H.87th Pa.Infty.,father of Dr.Charles Spangler,York,Pa. 2.RUDOLPH SPANGLER,(son of Jonas),died in York,No- vember 2,1834,aged about 80 years.His wife's namewas Chris- tiana.He was a member of the Seventh Company,Third Battal- lion,York County Militia in the Revolution.Children : /.SAMUEL SPANGLER,Saddler,York.Born July 12, 1804,died November 11,1882.Baptized July 24,1804. He married Maria WohlhofF,January 25,1828.Children : 1.George Spangler,York.Children : I.Edward L.Spangler.2.Walter Spangler. 2.Alexander Spangler,York.Children : I.Arthur M.Spangler.2.Robert A.Spangler. 3.Mary M.Spangler.4.Annie L.Spangler. 5.Ida M.Spangler.6.George S.Spangler. 7.Carrie Spangler.8.Elmer C.Spangler. 2.DANIEL SPANGLER,Coach Trimmer,York,born March 18,1807,died in 1877.Children : 1.Albert Spangler. 2.Daniel Spangler,Company K.,2nd Pa.Infantry. 3.Evaline,wife of Charles Litchfield.Second husband, Harry Fite,Atlantic City. 4.Malinda,deceased wife of David Shultz,Internal Rev- enue Collector. 3.JULIA ANN,wife of GEORGE EPPLEY,York,Pa. sicklesmith,deceased.Married February 22,1818. George Eppley died July 4,1835,aged 40 years.Chil- dren : 1.Jacob Eppley,moved West. 2.Caroline,wife of Shekel,went West. CASPAR—BERNHARD—RUDOLPH.oo 4.CHARLOTTE,wife of HENRY WOLF.Married May 12,1833,went West. T-.ANNA MARIA SPANGLER,died unmarried,in 1844. 3.JACOB SPANGLER,(son of Jonas),Saddler,York,born May 28,1792,married Sarah Kraumer April 17,1812,and died March 10,1868,aged 78—10 months.Children : /.ALEXANDER SPANGLER,died without children. 2.CASSANDRA SPANGLER,died without children,April 27,1891,aged 75-4-24. 3.LEVI SPANGLER,Company A.,107th Pa.Infantry,died from disease contracted in the service.May 3,1863,aged 50-3-1 1.Children: I.Clement Spangler.2.Henry C.Spangler, Company K.,87th Pa.Infantry,Harrisburg,Pa. 3.Grafton D.Spangler. 4.Salome,wife of Samuel Weiser,York. 5.Emma,wife of Daniel O.Stein. II.RUDOLPH SPANGLER, (Son of Bernhard). Born May 10,1748,baptized May 19,1749,and died in York township,York county,Pa.,January 4,1816.Children: 1.BERNHARD SPANGLER,born April 15,1772,baptized June 24,1772.Married Elizabeth Strominger,and moved to Franklin county,Pa.,prior to 1844.Children: /.DANIEL SPANGLER,born March 25,1794,baptized June 8,1794.Married Louisa H.Frey,November 3, 1829.Was deputy County Clerk and deputy Sheriff of Franklin county.Pa.;teller,and subsequently cashier of theChambersburg,Pa.,Bank.He died in Chambersburg January 20th 1845.Children: 1.Charles Barnet Spangler,Jeweler,born February 6th, 1833,died December 2nd,1853. 2.J.Spangler,Druggist,Chambersburg,Pa. 2.SARAH,wife of THOMAS J.FARLEY,born March 23, 56 CASPAR—BERNHARD—RUDOLPH . 1805,married at Chambersburg,Pa.,November 12,1829. Children: 1.Daniel Spangler Earley,(Printer). 2.Sarah E.Earley.3.Robert Earley. 4.Nancy Earley.5.Rebecca Earley. 6.Emma L.Earley.7.Thomas Earley. 8.Louise Earley. (All Dead).The living children are: 1.Barnet Spangler Earley,Teller U.S.Treasury,Phila- delphia,Pa. 2.Sarah Jane,wife of Alfred Matthews,Shippensb'g,Pa. 3.Helen,wife of George Mustin,of Philadelphia,Pa. Son,Paul Mustin. J.JOHN SPANGLER,Chairmaker,Chambersburg,Pa.,died October,1856.Married to Lydia C.Oaks,who died in May 1856.Children: 1.Elizabeth N.,wife of W.H.Sellers,both deceased. Children : I.Delia M.Sellers.2.Walter Spangler Sellers. 2.Katherine,wife of George A.Wood,Chambersb'g,Pa. 4.REBECCA,wife of J.G.Martin,Bedford,Pa.,born in Chambersburg,Pa.,August 26,1808,married May 27, 1827,died February 7,1840.Children: 1.Daniel Martin,Druggist,Philadelphia,Pa. 2.John B.Martin,(dead). 3.Robert S.Martin,killed at the Battle of Antietam. 4.WilliamL.Martin,killedat the battle of Pocatalico,S.C. 5.John G.Martin.6.Mrs.S.E.Huber,Philada.,Pa. 5.JACOB SPANGLER,Printer,died on the U.S.Frigate Constellation,September 29,1834,in the Harbor of Mahon,of Asiatic cholera. 6.CHARLES BARNET SPANGLER,Printer,died in Baltimore,Md. 2.DANIEL SPANGLER,(son of Rudolph),wife Anna Maria. He moved to Lancaster,Fairfield county,Ohio. 3.JONAS SPANGLER,(son of Rudolph),baptized November 8,1778,died 1821.Eve,his wife died in 1818.He moved to Wayne county,Ohio,Children : CASPAR—BERNHARD—RUDOLPH.57 /.RUDOLPH SPANGLER,Wayne county,Ohio. 2.JOHN SPANGLER, J.JACOB SPANGLER, 4.RUDOLPH SPANGLER,JR.,moved to Centre county,Pa., prior to 1844.Catherine,his wife,was a daughter ofJohn Roth. A daughter,Juliana,was born to them August 3,1813,baptized October 20,1813. 5.EMANUEL SPANGLER,School Teacher,prior to 1834. Died in Wrightsville,Pa.,after 1844.His wife's name was Bar- bara.Children : /.CASPER,born June 30,1814,baptized October 13,1814. 2.REBECCA,bom Sept.9,1815,baptized March 16,1817. J.RACHEL,born Jan.18,1817,baptized March 16,1817. 4.CHARLOTTE,married a Peter Dellinger,and moved West where she died. 6.HENRY SPANGLER,York,died without issue. 7.MARY,wife of WnXL\M SMITH,moved to Spring town- ship,Centre County,Pa.Afterwards moved to Iowa. 8.MARGARET,(Cradle)HAUK,afterwards resumed the name of Spangler.Died in York Feb.28,1850,aged 82-2-16.Son: /.JOHN SPANGLER,moved to the West. 9.ELIZABETH,wife of PETER NEFF,born April 22,1796, baptized July 1,1798.Moved to Wayne county,Ohio.Child: /.SAMUEL,born September 29,1823. 10.CATHERINE,wife of GEORGE LOHNBERGER,born June 9,1790,baptized June 27,1790.^Married May 21,1809.Children: /.WILLIAM A.LOHNBERGER, 2.SUSANNA,wife of HENRY WILLIAMS, 3.MARY,wife of JACOB STEEL. 4.GEORGE WASHINGTON LOHNBERGER. J.GODFREY LOHNBERGER,all of Bellefonte,Pa. 11.JOHN SPANGLER,Weaver,born May 20,1777,baptized July 27,1777,died in East York,September 11,1852.Elizabeth was the name of his wife.Children : 1.ZACHARIAH SPANGLER,born September 19,1806, married September 30,1832,died September 2,1885. Barbara,his wife was born in 1808,and died Augixst 6, 1853,in Springettsbury township.Children. 58 CASPAR—BERNHARD—ANNA MARIA. 1.Benjamin Casper Spangler,Springettsbury township. 2.Sophie,wife of George Marley,Columbia,Pa. 3.Susanna,wife of Alfred Richards,Springettsbury township. 4.Michael Spangler,dead.5.Harry A.Spangler,dead. 2.DANIEL SPANGLER,born October 28,1809,died in Ohio.Children : 1.Rolandus Spangler,Galveston,Texas. 2.Margaret,wife of Wilson DeArment,Bexar county, Texas. 3.Rudolph Spangler,Memphis,Tenn. 3.HENRY SPANGLER,born March 9,1811,died without issue. 4.SUSANNA,wife of DANIEL WEISER,married Novem- ber 14,1852.Both died in East York.Child : I.William J.Weiser,East York. in.JUDITH,wife of HENRY RUDISILL. (Daughter of Bernhard), Born September i,1754,married May 27,1781,died before 1806. Child : 1.SUSAN RUDISILL,born in 1788. IV.ANNA MARIA,wife of JOHN WOLF, (Daughter of Bernhard). Born February 19,1760.Married October 21,1779.John Wolf was a Church Organ Maker of York,and died in 1804.Children: I.JOHN WOLF,JR.Children: /.LEAH,wife of JOHN ENNY,died in Columbia,Pa. Children : 1.George Enny,died in Northern Pennsylvania. 2.Thomas Enny,Illinois. 3.John H.Enny,was killed at the Battle of the Wilder- ness,Virginia. CASPAR-BERNHARD—ANNA MARIA.59 2.JULIA,wife of GEORGE SCHREINER,Marietta,Pa. Married August 21,1828;both dead.Children : 1.Geo.W.Schreiuer,Marietta,Pa. 2.Mary A.Brenneman,West. 3.Wm.H.Schreiner,Marietta,Pa. 4.H.M.Schreiner,deceased. 5.Julia Sargent,Marietta,Pa.6.Sallie Balis,Phila. 3.GEORGE WOLF,Iron Merchant,died 1858,at Columbia, Pa. GEORGE WOLF,Eso. From the York Peoples'Advocate,ofDecember 28,1S3S. Mr.Wolf was born in this Borough,and made hishome in York during the earlier years of his life.In his early manhood he removed to Columbia,where he continued to reside until the grim messenger,Death,closed his eyes forever in this world.It was in Columbia that these sterling traits ofcharacter were devel- oped which won the confidence,esteem and love of the citizensofhisadopted Borough,to an extent seldom attained by any man.In his death,Columbia has met with an irreparable loss—the loss of one of her foremost and best citizens, whose place can never be filled,for although indeed Columbia can boast ofmany noble men,she has but one George Wolf It was the fortuneofthe writerofthis notice to live side by side in neighborly and daily intercoursewith the deceased, for many,many years,and he has never met with a nobler specimen of a man than Mr.W,he who continually overflowed "with themilkof human kind- ness,"and whose life's delightitwas to minister to the happinessofothers.Alas! the "places that knew him once will knowhim no more for ever,"and Death in him has claimed a "bright and shining light"for itsown,leaving but to those whosurvive him the memory of his noble nature,genial disposition and generous heart,who will cherish his memory while Time shall be for them,and the ex- ample of his good deeds remain continually in theirvision.Farewell,my friend ! —sad and bitter is the parting,butthe grim monsterseversall ties in hisruthless career.I "knew him but to love him,"and in no ordinary spirit ofsorrow and regret is this brief tribute penned to the worth of mydeparted,noble friend. Farewell ! T.D.C. Children : 1.Elizabeth,wife of Robert Ryan,Columbia,Pa. 2.Charlotte,wife of President Judge James Ryan,Potts- ville.Pa. 3.Mary,wife of John A.Hook,Columbia,Pa. 4.JOHN WOLF,Ouincy,Illinois. 2.LYDIA,wife of HENRY MYERS,died at Columbia,Pa.,in 1881,aged 87 years.Child: /.HENRY MYERS,died at Columbia,Pa.Children : I.Jacob Myers,died in the Army. 60 CASPAR—BERNHARD—ANNA MARIA. 2.Christina,wife of William Wilson,Lancaster,Pa. 3.Dr.John W.Myers,Columbia,Pa. 4.George L,-Myers,Columbia,Pa. 5.Mary,wife of George Gamber,Columbia,Pa. 6.Sarah,wife of Edward A.Martin,Columbia,Pa. 7.Caroline,wife of Robert Hamilton,Columbia,Pa. 8.Emma F.,wife of DavidA.Weiser,deceased,York,Pa. 3.CATHERINE,wife of JAMES LONG,Columbia,Pa.Born December,30,1802.Children : /.CATHERINE,wife of HOWARD LITTLE,Iron Mer- chant,Pittsburg,Pa. 2.,wife of McKAY,Iron Merchant, Pittsburg,Pa. J.ANNA,wife of DAVID EVANS,Superintendentof Water Works,Pittsburg,Pa. 4.ADAM WOLF,bom December 25,1800,died in Frederick, Md.Children : /.LEWIS WOLF,Wholesale Grocer,Baltimore,Md. 2.WILLIAM WOLF,Merchant Tailor,Baltimore,Md. J.GEORGE H.WOLF,Cashier Frederick Bank,Frederick, Md.Deceased.Children : 1.Florence I.,wife of Marshal Font. 2.George H.Wolf.3.Lewis E.Wolf,Fred'k.,Md. 4.THOMAS WOLF,deceased,Frederick,Md.Children : 1.Holten Wolf 5.Thomas H.Wolf. 2.Caroline Wolf 6.Charles R.Wolf 3.Percy Wolf 7.William B.Wolf 4.Florence S.Wolf 5.FRANK WOLF,Wholesale Grocer,Baltimore,Md. 6.MARY,wife of WILLIAM BROWN,Baltimore,Md. 7.ALICE WOLF,Baltimore,Md. 5.JACOB WOLF,born November 4,1799,died in Newberry township,York county.Pa.Child : /.JACOB WOLF,deceased.Children : 1.Silas Wolf,Lieutenant United States Army. 2.Leroy J.Wolf,Attorney-At-Law,Harrisburg,Pa. 3.John Wolf,Landisville,Pa. 4.Augustus Wolf,deceased, CASPAR—BERNHARD—CASPAR.61 6.DANIEL WOLF,born June 27,1790,died in York childless. 7.ABRAHAM WOLF,died in York in 1862,aged 80 years. Children : /.HENRY WOLF,died in 1859.Children : 1.Sarah,wife of John Ziegler,Frankfort,Ky. 2.Anna,wife of William Palsgrove,Frankfort,Ky. 3.Eliza,wife of John G.Shaffer,York,Pa. 4.Frederick Wolf,Springdale,Texas. 5.William Wolf,deceased. V.MARIA MARGARETHA,wife of JACOB CREMER, (Daughter of Bernhard), Born November 27,1768,died March 6,1846,aged 79 years. Jacob Creraer died January 7,1836,aged 70 years.Children : 1.DANIEL CREMER,deceased,married Polly Reisinger,de- ceased.Children : /.ALBERT CRE:\IER,Shrewsbury,Pa. 2.EDWARD CREMER. 3.JOHN CREMER. 2.JACOB CREMER,married Catherine Weaver April 26,1829, and died January 17,1867,aged 61 years.No issue. 3.JOHN CREMER,died unmarried March 12,1854,aged 47 years. 4.MARY,wife of MARTIN AUSTIN,deceased,married July 17,1828,and died May 17,1838,aged 30 years.Child: /.JACOB M.AUSTIN,York,Pa.Child : I.John Wesley C.Austin,York. VL CASPAR SPANGLER, (Son of Bernhard). Was born October 10,1766,died in 1804 on his farm at what is now known as Small's Mill,two miles Northeast of York.Mar- ried Catherine,daughter of Captain Yost Harbaugh,of the Revo- 62 CASPAR-BERNHARD—CASPAR. lutionary War.'She was born December 8,1769,died February 28,1850,aged 82-2-20,and her remains lie in Prospect Hill Cemetery.Children : 1.JACOB SPANGLER,born February 16,1800,died June 1884. Married Sarah Rogers,February 19,1824,who died December 24, 1861,aged 62 years.He was a cooper in East York,and after- wards removed to North Water street,York,and engaged in the business ofcoopering until a short time before his death.Children: /.WILLIAM A.SPANGLER,Company A.,i6th Pa.Infty. 2.JACOB C-SPANGLER,Baltimore,Md. J.ADALINE,wife of JOHN SCHROM,who was killed at the battle of Cold Harbor,in 1864. 4.JOHN F.SPANGLER,Lieutenant of Company A.,87th Regiment Pa.Inft,killed at the battle of Monocacy,Md. Children : 1.Howard Spangler,died without issue. 2.Laura Spangler,unmarried,Chicago,111. 2.SAMUEL SPANGLER,Tobacconist,born January 8,1798, baptised,December 22,1798,married August 25,1822,Elizabeth Bower.He removed and died in the West.Children : /.REUBEN SPANGLER. 2.CATHERINE SPANGLER. 3.HARRIET SPANGLER. 3.ELIZABETH,wife of CHRISTLVN MILLER,born October I,1790,baptized November 21,1790,died May 10,1871,in the village of Pleasureville,Pa.She was married September 16, 1809.Children : /.JACOB MILLER,Pleasureville,Pa. 2.ZACHARIAH MILLER,Spring Grove,Pa. J.BENJAMIN MILLER,Pleasureville,Pa. 4.WILLIAM MILLER,East York,Pa. 5.SUSAN,wife ofJOHN HIVELY. 6.SARAH,deceased wife of SAMUELHIVELY.Children : 1.George Hively.3.Enos Hively. 2.William Hively.4.Jane,wife of George Miller. All of York county.Pa. 7.ELIZA,wife of DANIEL BILLET.Child : CASPAR—BERNHARD—CASPAR.63 I.Melvina,second wife of Emanuel G.Keller,of Pleas- ureville,Pa. 8.JOHN MILLER,Wenwood county,Ohio. 4.CATHERINE,wife of HENRY MILLER,born June 4,1792, died March 8,1874,at New Paradise,York county,Pa.Married May I,1814.Children : /.SARAH,deceased wife of JOHN SNYDER,New Para- dise,Pa.Children : 1.Julian,deceased first wife of Emanuel G.Keller. 2.Frank Snyder,New Paradise,Pa. 3.Annie M.,wife of Lewis Snyder,Winterstown,Pa. 4.Pius Snyder,New Paradise,Pa. 2.SAMUEL MILLER,York,deceased. 5.EVA,wife of PETER SCHWARTZ,bom December 4,1793, baptized February 28,1794,died February 24,1877.Married 1811.Peter Schwartz,died January 10,1856,aged 70 years,4 months and 25 days.Children : /.PETER SWARTZ,born July 6,1816,died.Children : 1.William Swartz. 2.Jacob Swartz. 3.Sarah,wife of George Eckert,Hanover,Pa. 4.Mary,wife of Charles L.Trone,Hanover,Pa. 5.Elizabeth,wife of A.E.Rieker,York. -'.ISAAC SWARTZ,born August 16,1819,died May 11, 1859.Children: I.Rebecca,wife of William Plymire.2.Henry Swartz. 3.SUSAN,wife of MICHAEL PETERS,born January 12, 1812,died August 11,1852,aged 40 years.Child: I.Melvina,wife ofJohn Zellers. 4.CATHERINE,wife of Jacob Johnson.Children: 1.Susan,wife ot Vincent Kamerer. 2.Minerva,wife of Jacob Druck. 3.Sarah J.,wife of William Zinn. 5.REBEKA,wife of JACOB FORST,Baltimore,Md.,born July 6,1829. 6.SUSAN,wife of SAMUEL KLINGEMAN,born May 22,1804, in York,died May 24,1855,in Hamilton county,Ind.Children: /.MARY a'.,wife of WILLIAM WALTZ,born September CASPAR—BKRNHARD—HENRY. I,1823,died December 13,1872,in East Gerniantown, Ind.(No issue.) 2.ELIZABETH,wife of HENRY WISE,born May 19,1825, died in 1861,in Oxford county,Iowa.Child : I.Rebecca,wife of Abraham Long,afterwards of Adam Condo,East Germantown,Ind.Children: 1.Harriet,wife ofDr.E.M.Palmer,Warren,Ind. 2.Edward J.Condo,Moline,111. 3.CATHERINE,wife of HENRY HUBER,East German- town,Ind.,born August 19,1831.Children: 1.Sarah,wife of Geo.Stambaugh,Cambridge City,Ind. 2.Ella,wife of Tobias Murray,East Germantown,Ind. 3.Henry Huber,East Germantown,Ind. 4.Clara C,wife of George Reigel,Cambridge City,Ind. 5.Ollie Huber.6.Frank W.Huber. 7.lona H.,wife of Samuel Kinsinger. 4.SAMUEE KLINGEMAN,East Germantown,Ind.,born October 27,1838.Children: I.Henry Klingeman.2.Adam Klingeman. 3.Mary Mahala Klingeman. 4.Emaline,wife of Simon Rink,Richmond,Ind. 5.Sarah Klingeman.6.John E.Klingeman. 7.Harriet Klingeman.8.Euretta Klingeman. 9.Katie Klingeman.10.Samuel Klingeman, II.Grover C.Klingeman. VII.HENRY SPANGLER, (Son of Bernhard). Born January 29,1758,baptizedApril 2,1758,died without issue. 3.RUDOLPH SPENGLER, (Son of Caspar). Rudolph was born March i,1721,at Weyler,under Steinsberg, on the Elseuz,in the Rhenish Palatinate,now in Baden,and came with his father and mother and brothers Jonas and Bernhard and sister Anna Maria,to America in 1727.He was naturalized Sep- tember 24,1762.His brother Jonas and he,prior to 1738,were located by their father on 719 acres of land near the Little Cone- wago Creek,on the "Conococheague Road,"afterwards in Para- dise township,(now Jackson),seven miles West of York,subse- quently known as the Spangler Valley.Every acre of this tract forty years ago was occupied and owned by Spanglers. Early Roads and Transportation. The Conococheague Road,(now part of the York and Gettys- burg Turnpike),led from a point where the Monocacy Road,five miles West of the Codorus Creek made a bend to the Southwest, to Fort Conococheague,in the Cumberland Valley,near the present town of Waynesboro. The Monocacy and Conococheague Roads were traders'or mis- sionary routes,and generally followed the Indian trails.For nearly half a century after the first settlements were made,much of the transportation of goods was done by means of pack horses. Huge sacks,wallets and baskets,or panniers were constructed for such purposes.In this way produce was taken to Lancaster, York,Baltimore and Philadelphia.Horsemen could be seen al- most surrounded with poultry,flax,butter,pork,etc.,even live calves and sheep were thus "taken to market."Much of the mer- chandise was transported in thesame manner.An old record says, as many as 500 pack horses were in Carlisle at one time,and possi- bly the same number in York,at a very early day,all on their 66 CASPAR—RUDOIvPH. way westward or southward.Some ofthem carried "bars of iron hooked over and around their bodies;"barrels or kegs were hung on either side of them. Pack horses were generally led in divisions of ten or fifteen horses,each horse carrying about 200 weight,goingsingle file and managed by two men,one going before the leader and the other in the rear of the last horse.Pack horses had generally bells on them,which were kept from jingling during the day time,and were put on them at night while at pasture.Wagons came in use very early in Southern Pennsylvania.Wagon roads were opened as early as 1745.Sleds were put into prominent use during the winter season.Hundreds of them came to York at one time as early as 1760. There was much opposition to the opening of wagon roads by owners of pack horses.As an evidence,however,that wagon roads were abundant in York county very early,from official records it is known that in 1755,Benjamin Franklin,the Postmaster Gen- eral of Pennsylvania,obtained 150 wagons,250 pack horses in York,Lancaster and Cumberland counties for Braddock's expedi- tion to Fort Du-quesne,now Pittsburg.The writer's maternal great-grand father,Yost Harbaugh,(afterwards a Captain in active service in the Revolutionary War)'when but fourteen years ofage was a teamster in this expedition. Many of the first wagons made by our forefathers were entirely of wood,the wheels formed by sawing the trunks of huge gum, hickory or white oak trees.Madame Riedesel,passed through York county with her husband.General Riedesel,the Hessian General,taken prisoner at the battle of Saratoga,en-route to their place of captivity in Virginia.She describes our roads of the period 1776:"We passed through a picturesque portion of the country,which however by reason of the wildness inspired us with terror.Often we were in danger of our lives while going over these breakneck roads." Subsequently wagoning to Philadelphia and Baltimore became a great business,taking to these markets the grain,distilled liquors,etc.,and returning with goods and merchandise for local merchants or to be hauled to towns farther north and west.Car- Pajnfyhania,n. thonotary of the Supream Court of the Province of Pcfjufyhama, DO hereby certify,That at a Supream Court held at Phi- ladelphia,tor the faid Province o\Pc/nifyhania,the cX^^^^^^- *^fffrTjt'~zD2.y of *y^^^t^':-y~-i\\the Year of our Lordf One 'TlKn/tuid S^-ven Hu/nlrni mhI c^ie^'^^^yiT—Bcfore Efquires,Judges of the laid Cour„^^etween the Hours)of Nine and Twelve of,the Clock in'the Forenoon ofthe fame Day,^t^v/ic^t^^dj^--of (^cLj^cic^ in the County of^^^^ being a Foreigner,and having inhabited andTefided for the Space of Seven Years in His Majefty's Colonies in Amcrka, and not having been abfent out of fome of the faid Coloniei for a longer Time than Two Months at any one Time dur- ing the faid Seven Years.And the faid A^^t^t^t^itn^S?'— ^ having produced to the faid Court,a Certi-y ficate,of his having taken the Sacrament of the Lord's Sup- per within Three Montla before the faid Court,took and fubfcribed the Oaths,and did make and repeat the Declara- tion (appointed by an Adf,made in the Firft Year of the Reign of King GEORGE the FirA)according to the Direftions of an Aft of Parliament,made in the Thirteenth Year of His late Majefty King GEO RGExhc Second, intituled,A?i AEi for naturalizing fuch prcign Protefta/its, a7id others,therein mentioned,as are Jettled in any of His Majcjlys Colonies in America ;and thereupon was admitted to be His Majefty's natural born Subjeft of the Kingdom of Great-Britain,purfuant to the Direftjon and Intent of the faid Aft of Parliament.In TeJii?nonji whereof,I havehere- unto fet my Hand,and affixed the Seal of the Supream Court,the '^4^Day of y^t-^u-rr^-<^;^*<—4n ti:e Year iirff above mentioned.^y-^^) RUDOLPH SPENGLER'S NATURALIZATION CERTIFICATE,1762.(P.65. CASPAR—RUDOLPH.67 riages are a luxury of recent use ;and the old-time methods of harvesting the crops were both lively and picturesque. ' Land Warrant Issued to Casper Spengler,1738,by the Proprietaries,for the Lands Subsequently Patented TO Jonas Spengler's Heirs and Rudolph Spengler. "PENNSYLVANIA,SS : "Whereas—Casper Spingler of the County of Lancaster requested that we would grant him to takeup six hundred acresof land situate ontheConogocheague Road,about one mile from Little Conewago Creek,in the said Countyof Lancas- ter,forwhich he agrees to pay for our usethe sumofFifteen PoundsTenShillings current money ofthis Province for every hundred acres,and the yearly QuitRent ofone Half PennySterling for every acre thereof;These are therefore toauthorize and require thee to survey orcause to be surveyed unto the said Casper Spingler, at the place aforesaid,according to the Method of Townships appointed,the said quantity of six hundred acres if not already surveyed or appropriated,and make return thereoftothe Secretary's Office inorder forfurther confirmation;for which this shall be thysufficient warrant;whichsurvey in case the said Casper Spingler fulfil the above agreement within six months from the date hereof shall be valid otherwise void. "Given undermy hand and the lesser seal of our Province at Philadelphia,this 16th dayof October,173S. "Thos.Penn.[seal.] "ToBenjamin Eastburn,Surveyor General." Patents to Jonas Spengler's Heirs and Rudolph Spengler For Lands in Paradise Township,York County. In pursuance of the above warrant,the land above described was alleged to have been surveyed subsequently,and bounded by lines of marked trees.The survey could not have been official for it is not found among the Surveys in the Land Department at Harrisburg.The right to said land became vested in Jonas Spengler and Rudolph Spengler,two of the sons of said Caspar during the life time of Caspar.Upon the death of Jonas,in 1762, his right and interest descended to his widow and minor children. Rudolph Spengler,for himself,and in trust for the widow and children of Jonas,deceased,procured a warrant,dated November 8,1763,for resurveying and dividing the same as improved and possessed by them,the said Rudolph,and the widow and heirs ofJonas,severally and respectively. In pursuance thereof a resurvey was made the 5th day of Oc- lApp.Note6. 68 CASPAR—RUDOLPH. tober,1765,of the "six hundred acres"of land described in the warrant of October 16,1738,on the Conogocheague road near lyit- tle Conewago Creek,in accordance with the lines of marked trees made by the original alleged survey.The inference is that the only survey originally made was by marking certain trees as the boundary lines ;for on this resurvey the six hundred acres,men- tioned in the warrantof 1738,measuredseven hundred and nineteen acres,"and allowance of sixacres per cent,for roads,etc."Of this quantity 356 acres were measured to Rudolph Spengler,and 363 acres and 154 perches to Rudolph Spengler,in trust for the widow and heirs of Jonas Spengler,and Patents to them respectively were issued for the same "by Thomas Penn,and Richard Penn,through John Penn,true and Absolute Proprietors and Governors in Chief of the Province of Pennsylvania,dated the 14th day of October, 1767,the 7th year of the Reign of King George the Third over Great Britain,etc.,and the 50th year of the said Proprietors'Gov- ernment." The deed is endorsed,"Patent Rudolph Spengler,Spenglesberg, York county."This 356 tract was bounded by lands of Jacob Wiest,John Myers,Philip Crist,John Appleman,and the said heirs of Jonas Spengler,deceased.The consideration tor this pat- ent to Rudolph was the payment of 50 pounds,8 shillings law- ful money of Pennsylvania,and the yearly Quit Rent of one half penny sterling for every acre thereof,if the same thereof is coin current according as the exchange shall be between said Province and the City of London. The grant was in ''free and commoit socage byfealty in lieu of all other services^and included all the Mines^Minerals^Quarries^ Marshes^Savannahs^Swamps^Cripples^Woods,Underwoods, Trees,Timbers,Ways,Waters,Watercourses,Liberties,Profits, Commodities,Advantages,Hereditaments,attd Appurtenances, zvhatsoever thereto belotiging.Threefull and clearfifthsparts of all the Royal Mines,freefrom all deductions and reprisals,for dig- ging and refining the same and also onefifthpart ofthe ore ofall other mines delivei'ed at the Pitts Mouth only excepted and hereby reserved.''^ In 1769 Rudolph was assessed 15 acres of grain,3 horses,3 cows and 2 sheep.He,by articles of agreement dated April 12,1781, CASPAR—RUDOLPH.69 sold the 356 acres ofland to Henry Spengler and Bemhard Speng- ler,his sons,for 480 pounds,reserving fifty acres thereof for his own use during his life.After Rudolph's death,his widow,Bar- bara,and his children executed deeds dated March 13,1787,to said Henry and Bernhard for said land ;the land conveyed to Henry being bounded by lands of Philip Crist,and contained 180 acres,and allowance of six per cent,of roads,etc.,and the consid- eration paid being 225 pounds sterling.Upon the death of Henry, two of his sons,John and Rudolph,acquired the title to the sameby purchase.On April 15,1833,John and Rudolph by deed made a division of this land,the portion taken by Rudolph measuring loi acres and 61 perches.This tract in Jackson township,(formerly Paradise)was purchased by David Myers in 1857,from the admin- istrators of Rudolph Spengler,deceased ;and is now owned by Jonas Myers,heir of David Myers,deceased.The large spring on this tract was,during the Indian occupation,the camping ground of the red man.Tomahawks by the score and arrow-heads by the hundred were found around it forty years ago,upon the forests being felled and the soil turned up by the plough. Rudolph Spengler's Administration. Rudolph Spengler died about 1782 and his remains were inter- red in the Pigeon Hill churchyard.Letters of administration on his personal estate were granted November 9,1784,to Philip Jacob and his wife Barbara (late the widow of the said Rudolph Speng- ler,)and George Kann,one of his sons-in-law.The administration account was stated by the distinguished Revolutionary Soldier, Congressman and Lawyer,Col.Thomas Hartley,'and filed in the Register's office of York county.Pa.,November 27,1789.^ Rudolph Spengler's Children: 1.Henry Spangler. 2.Bemhard Spangler. 3.Catherine,wife ofGeorge Kann. 4.Anna Maria,wife of Frederick Decker. 5.Magdalena,wife of John Ditti. »App.Note33, 'App.Note 7. 70 CASPAR—RUDOLPH—HENRY. I.HENRY SPANGLER, (Son of Rudolph). 'Vil He was born August 3,1753,and died August 9,1826.He was a member of the Seventh Company,Seventh Battalion,York County Militia,in the Revolution.'He married Catherine,daughter of Peter Mohr(in Henry Spangler's company in the Revolution)and Magdalena Mohr.She was born December 26,1765,and died De- cember 18,1835.Both are buried in the Pigeon Hill churchyard, Paradise township.He owned two farms in York and two in Ad- ams county.In 1789 he was assessed as personalty 2 horses and two cows.The children were: 1.HENRY SPANGLER,Jr.,died near Pinetown,Adams county, Pa.Children; /.ELIZABETH,wife of SOLOMON MOOSE,afterwards married Joseph Schwartz,and moved west.Child with first husband: I.Catherine,wife of William Wagner,East Berlin,Pa. Children with second husband : I.Anna Mary Schwartz.2.William H.Schwartz. 3.Joseph F.Schwartz.4.Luther A.Schwartz. 5.Barbara E.Schwartz.6.Sarah L.Schwartz. 7.Justina Schwartz.8.David Schwartz. 9.George N.Schwartz.All in the West. 2.GEORGE SPANGLER,died in 1892.Children: 1.Frederick Spangler. 2.Louisa,wife of Daniel Groscost. 3.Elizabeth,wife of Edward Alwine. 4.Sevilla,wife of John Lochman. 5.Kate,wife of Milton Wertz. 6.Mary,wife of William Crawford ;Adams county.Pa. 7.Hettie,wife of Barney Kemper. 3.JOSEPH SPANGLER,dead.Children : I.Sarah,wife of Samuel Weaver. CASPAR—RUDOIvPH—HENRY.71 2.Kate Spangler,New Oxford,Pa. 3.Ellen,wife of Franklin Howe.4.Jennie Spangler. 5.Grace Spangler;Adams county,Pa. /.RUDOIvPH SPANGLER,dead.Children : 1.Susan Spangler.3.John Spangler. 2.Henry Spangler.4.George Spangler. All of Adams county,Pa. 2.ABRAHAM SPANGLER,married Elizabeth Fishel.Moved in 1834 to Ashland county,Ohio,and in 1854 to near Evansport, Defiance county,Ohio.He was born in York county,January 29, 1794,and died near Evansport,Ohio,June 5,1876.His wife was born in York county,March 16,1800,and died at Evansport,May 23,1872.Their children were : /.SUSAN,wife of NELSON SLATER,La Grange,Indiana, born Dec.25,1818,and is dead.Mr.Slater,was born Aug.28,1818,and died Sept.28,1887.Children : 1.Elizabeth M.,wife of Samuel Preston,La Grange, Ind.Children : 1.Nelson Preston.3.Cora Preston. 2.Edward Preston.4.Susan Preston. 2.Mahala,wife of Plempton Hoagland,La Grange,Ind. Children : 1.Margie,wife of William Stough. 2.Herbert Hoagland.3.Sarah Hoagland. 3.James Slater,married Alice Moore and moved to Glen ville,Kern county,Cal.Children: I. 72 CASPAR—RUDOLPH—HENRY. 2.PETER SPANGIvER,Evansport,Ohio,born February 22,1821,married Anna Maria Cory.The great-grand- mother of Anna Maria was the daughter of an Irish lyord and fell in love with her father's handsome butler.Her parents objecting to the alliance,they left the old castle, were married and emigrated to America,lived happily and reared a large family,who became successful and patriotic Americans.Children: I.John Spangler.2.Melvina Spangler. 3.Emma Spangler. 4.Emmett E.Spangler,Attorney-at-law,Norwalk,Ohio, 5.Tola M.Spangler.6.Alice Spangler. 7.Cora Spangler.8.Kate Spangler. 9.Frank Spangler. All of Evansport,Ohio,except Emmett E.Spangler. 3.MARY,wife of JONATHAN MYERS,Jeromeville,O., dead,was born in 1827.Children: 1.Jacob Myers married Elizabeth Jackson.Children: I.Melville Myers.2.Cora Myers. 3.Vernice Myers.4.Preston Myers. Jeromeville,Ohio. 2.Mary Myers. 3.Almira,wife of—Weidler,child Mary Weidler. 4.Frank Myers.5.Emma Myers. 6.Henry Myers. 7.Jane,wife of Leander Hall,Evansport,O.Children: 1.Orval Hall.3.Blanche Hall. 2.Ira Hall.4.Wyatt Hall. 8.William Myers.11.Kate Myers. 9.Elmer Myers.12.Ira Myers. 10.Clement Myers. All of Jeromeville,Ohio,except the Halls. 4.HENRY SPANGLER,Evansport,Ohio.He was born September 10,1829.Married Sarah Davis,afterwards Mary Philips.Children : I.Ida,wife of William McCauley,Defiance,Ohio.Chil- dren : I.John McCauley.2.Mable McCauley. CASPAR—RUDOLPH—HENRY.73 2.Laura,wife ofWesley McCauley,Defiance,O.Child : I.Ruth McCauley. 3.Clara,wife of Emery Snyder,Evansport,Ohio.Chil- dren : I.Nellie Synder.2.Sarah Snyder. 4.Orrin G.Spangler,Dawson,Mo. 5.Willis A.Spangler,Evansport,Ohio. 6.Lula Spangler,Evansport,Ohio. 5.JOHN SPANGLER,Evansport,Ohio.Married Elizabeth McCauley.He was born October 2,1832.Children : 1.Cyrus Spangler,Grass Range,Montana. 2.Mary,wife of Dewitt C.Garber.Children : 1.Bertha Garber.3.Attie Garber. 2.Belle Garber.4.Clinton Garber. Evansport,Ohio. 3.Charles Spangler:4.John Spangler. Jeromeville,Ohio. 6.RUDOLPH SPANGLER married CAROLINE McCAU- LEY,Evansport,Ohio.He was born January 10,1840. Children : I.Walter Spangler.2.Clarence Spangler. 3.Florence Spangler. 4.Grace,wife of Dr.M.V.Replogle. 5.Mabel Spangler.6.Roy Spangler. 7.Nellie Spangler.8.Clyde Spangler. 9.Carl Spangler.All of Evansport,Ohio. 7.ELIZABETH,wife of GEORGE BLACK,Evansport,O., was born November 12,1834.Children: I.Ada,wife ofAlvaro Coy.2.Charles Black. 3.Jennie,wife of Dr.M.C.Coy. 4.Mary Black,Defiance,O.5.Nellie,wifeofJno.Behrer. 6.Herbert Black,Springfield,O. 7.Hattie Black.8.Margie Black. 9.John Black. All of Evansport,O.,except Mary and Herbert. 8.ABRAHAM SPANGLER,Evansport,O.,born August 30,1836.Married SARAH DAVISON.No issue. 9.MICHAEL SPANGLER was born in 1825;died in 1843. 74 CASPAR—RUDOLPH—HENRY. 3.GABRIEL SPANGLER died in Adams county,Pa.Children: /.HARRY SPANGLER. 2.SARAH,wife of ISAAC HAVERSTICK. J.MAGGIE,wife of PETER MICKLEY. 4.JOHN SPANGLER. 5.SUSAN,wife ofJOHN FEASER. 6.GEORGE SPANGLER died in the war. 7.MATILDA,wife of RICHARD TRIMMER. 8.WILLIAM SPANGLER. 9.AMANDA,wife of MICHAEL CLINE. 10.CATHERINE,wife of PETER MOYER. //.POLLY,wife of ABRAHAM SHAFFER. 12.LYDIA,wife of BORUS SMITH. 13.JACOB SPANGLER. 14.ELIZABETH SPANGLER. 15.SAMUEL SPANGLER.- 16.JOSEPH SPANGLER. //.LOUISA SPANGLER. All of Adams county. 4.JOHN SPANGLER,born April 18,1798,died January 29, 1866.He lived on his farm,where the Little Conewago Creek crosses the York and Gettysburg turnpike,heretofore described. Susanna,his wife;died January 16,1884,aged 81-7.Children : /.ISRAEL SPANGLER.Children : 1.Lillie A.,wife of Charles Gise. 2.Seth Spangler.3.Pierce Spangler. 4.Mary A.,wife of Grant Gentzler. 5.John A.Spangler.6.Harry Spangler. 7.Martha J.Spangler.8.Bert Spangler. 2.ALEXANDER SPANGLER.Children : 1.Charles Spangler. 2.Annie,wife of Henry Miller. 3.Sallie A.,wife of Samuel Stover. 4.Peter Spangler. 5.Louisa,wife of Philip Spahr. 6.Jennie,wife ofJohn Hock. 7.Ellen J.Spangler. 8.Amanda Spangler. CASPAR—RUDOLPH—HENRY.75 5.RUDOLPH SPANGLER,was bom June 27,1800,and died September 30,1851, ---7 ^^^in Jackson township, ^-^^t-'^-^^^-r^-^Yorkcounty,Pa.He (y wasaprogressive far- mer and also an Inn Keeper seven miles west of York on the York and Gettysburg turnpike.He was the first fanner in his section to burn and introduce lime.He possessed a sound judgment, good business qualifications and sterling integrity. In 1824 he joined the "York Washington Artillerists,"then under the command of Capt.Wm.Nes,and continued a member until 1831.Every Saturday he came to York,a distance of seven miles,to engage in the artillery drill.He participated in thedin- ner given in honor of Gen.Lafayette on the occasionof his second visit to York in 1825,hereinafter described. The following is a copy of his discharge : YORK,Feb'y 22nd,1831. I CERTIFY HEREBY,THAT Rudolph Spangler having been uniformed and equipped agreeably to law,has faithfully served as a member ofthe "YORK WASHINGTON ARTILLERISTS,"an organized VOLUNTEERCORPS OF AR- TILLERISTS,within the bounds of the ist Brigade,5th Division,Pennsylvania Militia,for seven successive years from the 22nd dayofFebruary eighteenhundred and twenty-four,and attended on at least three-fourthsofthe daysofparade and training of his Company,unless absent for some ofthe causes which authorized him to be excused agreeably tolaw.Witness my handand seal, Jacob Upp,Jr.,[Seal.] Captain "Washington Artillerists." Rudolph Spangler was a member of the "Vigilance Committee " on the part of the Farmers Republican ticket in the bitter and acrimonious Presidential campaign of 1836.Then,as now,every species of disorder and distress was predicted to follow the election of the opposing candidate.Van Buren was elected,and the Re- public still lives.The representative picture was taken from the Pennsylvania Republican of York of October 12,1836.The suc- ceeding Presidential campaign between the same candidates was still more virulent.' Rudolph Spangler married May 3,1827,Sarah Harbaugh,who was born February i,1807,and resides in York in the 90th year of her age.She was born at Loucks'Mills,one mile north of lApp.Note?)^. 76 CASPAR—RUDOLPH—HENRY. York,now owned by the heirs of her first cousin,Z.K.Loucks, Esq.The house of her birth was swept away in the great flood of 1817.She was the grand daughter of Yost Harbaugh,a Cap- tain in the Revohitionary War.' The original muster roll,in German,of his Company is in the writer's possession.^ The children of Rudolph Spangler,deceased,are : /.CAROLINE,wife of REUBEN LAUER,Director of the Poor of York county.Children : 1.John E.Lauer,Lanceford,Pa.,purchasing agent of the Lehigh Valley Railroad. 2.Henry Lauer.3.Clay A.,wifeofMartin Eyster. 4.Franklin P.Lauer.5.Zachariah Lauer. 6.Mary,wife of George Leib. 2.ELIZABETH SPANGLER,born September 18,1829, died March 9,1839. 3.HENRY W.SPANGLER,born June 27,1832,died De- cember 9,1880.He was a member of the York Bar and Captain of Company B.,209th Regt.Pa.Inf'y;afterwards assigned to Staff duty,and was Brigade Inspector ist Bri- gade,3rd Division,9th Army Corps.He participated in the battles in front of Petersburg,Va. 4.SUSAN C,wife of CHARLES E.SMYSER,Company H.,200th Regt.Pa.Inf'y ;married December 7,1858. 5.SARAH,wife of MARTIN SMYSER,coal and grain merchant,York,Pa.Child: I.Nettie V.,wife of William Weiser,Bank Teller. 6.JULIA A.SPANGLER,York,Pa. 7.LEAH,wife of WILLIAM EYSTER,Ex-County Treas- urer,and Iron manufacturer,York,Pa.Children : I.Sarah C.Eyster.2.Annie J.Eyster. 3.A.Franklin Eyster. 8.Dr.BENJAMIN FRANKLIN SPANGLER,born Feb- ruary 21,1844 ;Sergeant in Company K.,130th Pa. Inf'y,and participated in the battles of Antietam,Freder- icksburg and Chancellorsville.Graduated from theJef- lApp.Note8. ^App.Note34. SARAH SPANGLER,RUDOLPH SPANGLER 1850.P."5. THE YORK WASHINGTON ARTILLERISTS.(P.75.) CASPAR—RUDOLPH—HENRY.77 ferson Medical College,Philadelphia,in 1867,and has been in active practice ever since.Director ofthe Dro- ver's and Mechanic's National Bank,director of the Board of School Control and Central Market Company,and President of the York County Medico-Pathological So- ciety.Married Ada V.,daughter of Hon.Henry Nes, grandson of Rudolf Spangler.Children : I.Theresa Spangler.2.Chauncey K.Spangler. 3.Edward Nes Spangler.4.Ara F.Spangler. 5.Arthur R.Spangler.The last three died in infancy. EDWARD WEBSTER SPANGLER,born February 23, 1846;was educated at the York County Academy,and enlisted in August,1862,when sixteen years of age,as a private in Company K.,130th Regiment,Penna.Infantry, 2nd Brigade,3rd Division,2nd Army Corps.He was engaged in the battles of Antietam,Fredericksburg,and Chancellorsville.At Antietam a Rebel bullet shattered the stock of his rifle.His term of enlistment expired in May,1863,and in June he was appointed Deputy United States ]\Iarshall of York county.On March 4,1867 he was admitted to the York Bar,at which he has been in active and continuous practice;Ex-Director of the Far- mer's National Bank;Attorney of the First National Bank;President of the SpanglerManufacturing Company, and of the York Daily Publishing Company,and Editor; Member of the Grand Army of the Republic,the Penn- sylvania Society of Sons of the Revolution,and a trustee of the York County Historical Society.Married,Sep- tember 25,1873.Mary Frances,daughter of John S.Mil- ler,of Winchester,Va.She is,on the maternal side,a great-great-grand-daughter of Rudolf Spengler,son of Baltzer Spengler,Sr.,and consequentlythe writer's "fifth cousin "—a relationship fortunately unknown at the time of marriage.Children: 1.Louise Marguerite Spangler. 2.Juliet Schmidt Spangler. 3.Henr}'Forster Spangler,died in infancy. 4.Edward W.Spangler,Jr. 78 CASPAR—RUDOLPH—HENRY. 5.Robert Stevens Spangler. 10.ZACHARIAH T.SPANGLER,born January 4,1849, died April i,1850. //.DR.JACOB RUDOLPH SPANGLER,born Novem- ber 22,1850,graduate of the Millersville State Normal School,York County Academy and the Jefferson Medi- cal College,Philadelphia.Was Health Officer of York, and has been an active medical practitioner in York since 1874.Married July 23,1895,Sarah J.McFee,of Balti- more,Md. 6.ELIZABETH SPANGLER,lived in Jackson township,died in Dover township,April 8,1877,aged 84-4-29. 7.SUSANNAH,wife of PETER SUNDAY,died in Dover town- ship.Children : /.CEVILLA,deceased wife of AMOS LEATHERY.Chil- dren: 1.Susannah,wife of Henry Aldinger. 2.Lilly,wife ofJohn Beck. 2.CATHERINE SUNDAY. 8.ANNA MARIA,wife of ABRAHAM STAUFFER,died near Front Royal,Va.Children : /.JOHN STAUFFER,Abbottstown,Pa.DiedinYork,1894. 2.SAMUEL STAUFFER,York Pa.Children : 1.George Stauffer,York. 2.Edwin Stauffer,Akron,Ohio. 3.Mary,deceased wife of Milton Smyser,deceased,of Kansas. 4.Irene,wife of Harry P.Weiser,York. J.HENRY STAUFFER,died in Harrisburg,in 1885.Chil- dren: 1.Milton W.Stauffer,York. 2.Amanda,wife of William Lutz,Harrisburg,Pa. 3.Catherine Stauffer,Harrisburg,Pa. 4.Emma,wife of Oliver Atticks,Harrisburg,Pa. 4.ABRAHAM STAUFFER,died at Alexandria,Virginia. Children : I.Albert Stauffer.2.Charles Stauffer. 3.Luther Stauffer.4.Joseph Stauffer. CASPAR—RUDOLPH-HENRY.79 5.Addie,wife of Larue,Petersburg,Pa.Albert, Charles,Luther and Joseph,all of St.Joseph,Mo. 5.ELIZABETH,deceased wife of PETER HUMMER,de- ceased,York,Pa. 6.LYDIA,second wife of PETER HUMMER,deceased,of York,Pa.Children : By first wife. 1.Susan,wife of George Barber,Lawyer,White Oaks, New Mexico. 2.Elizabeth,wife ofJudge David P.Shields,Las Vegas, New Mexico. 3.Annie,wife of Frank Guilloraa,New Baltimore,Ohio. 4.Delilah,wife ofJacob Lerew,Mechanicsburg,Pa. 5.Lydia,wife of John J.Kirkness,Baltimore,Md. 6.Sevilla,wife of Edward Shaffer,East Berlin,Pa. 7.Rebecca,wife of Wm.F.Slaybaugh,Centre Mills,Pa. 8.Leander Hiimmer,New Baltimore,Ohio. By second wife. 1.Addison Hummer,Carlisle,Pa. 2.Clara,wife of H.H.Hershey,York Springs,Pa. 3.Ida,wife of George Wolf,Abbottstown,Pa. 4.Florella,wife of George Jacobs,East Berlin,Pa. 5.Henry Hummer,Frederick,Md. 6.Ellsworth Hummer,Frederick,Md. 7.Hattie,wife of D.W.Baker,York,Pa. 9.CATHERINE,wife of GEORGE BOHN.Mr.Bohn was born September 29,1796 and died June 26,1879,at Evansjiort,Ohio. Children : /.ALEXANDER BOHN,born July 22,1825,at East Ber- lin,Pa.Married Elmira Danson,April 12,1870,died January 8,1894,at Evansport,Ohio.Children : 1.Lenora,wife of Samuel Terratin,Evansport,Ohio. 2.Mary C.Bohn,"" 2.SARAH C,wife of DANIEL C.SNYDER.Married Apr.9,1857,diedJan.10,1890,at Defiance,O.Children: 1.Francis Snyder.2.George H.Snyder. 3.John W.Snyder.4.Minnie C.Snyder. 5.Hattie W.,wife of Charles Parton,Evansport,Ohio. 80 CASPAR—RUDOLPH—BERNHARD. II.BERNHARD SPENGLER, (Son of Rudolph), Was born January 5,1756,and died in Jackson township March 10,1828.His wife,Elizabeth,was born May 24,1760,and died January 22,1825.In 1789 he was assessed 220 acres of land,2 horses and 3 cows.Bernhard was a member of the Seventh Com- pany,Seventh Battalion,York County Militia,in the Revolution. On the Gravestone of Bernhard Spengler,Pigeon Hill church- yard: "Freunde,stellt dasweinen ein, Wischt die thranen vonden wangen ; Was soil euchdasplagen sein Dassich von euch weggegangen? Trauertnicht an meinen tod, Ich bin frey von aller noth." Friends,cease nowyour weeping, Wipe from yourcheeksthe tears; Why should this your sorrow be That I from you have gone away? Mourn not by reason ofmy death, I am free from all mycare. On the gravestone of Elizabeth Spengler : "Ruhe sanft in deinemschlummer; Ohne sorgen schlafe wohl ; Und verschlafden grossen kummer Dessenjetzt die welt ist voll, Bis dich einstaus deiner gruft Deines Heilands stimme ruft." Rest peacefully in your slumber; Without care sleepwell; And sleep away the sorrowgreat Ofwhich the world isfull, Until from your own sepulchre Your Lord's voice callsyou forth. Bernhard's children were: 1.DANIEL SPANGLER,born September 7,1787,died Septem- ber 13,1850.Married Magdalena Margaret Haverstick August 6,1811,who was born May 17,1790,and died January 30, 1844.Children: /.GEORGE SPANGLER,born October 10,1812,died in Jackson township.Children: I.Sarah,wife of Peter Eyster. CASPAR—RUDOLPH-BERNHARD.81 2.Reuben Spangler,died in Michigan. 3.Noah Spangler,died in Michigan. 4.G.Washington Spangler. 5.Leah,wife of Henry M.Thomas. 6.William Spangler. 7.John Spangler. 2.BARNEY SPANGLER,born March 21,1814.His first wife was Lydia,daughter ofJacob Spangler son of Bern- hard (of Jonas).His second wife was Leah Asper,and his third lives at Jefferson,York county,Pa.Children: 1.Lewis Spangler,died in Kansas. 2.Mary,wife of Peter Stauffer.3.Elias Spangler. 4.Leah,wife ofJonas Garver.5.Jonas S.Spangler. 6.Ellen,wife of John Stambaugh. 7.Lydia,wife of Dr.L.A.Sterner. 8.Reuben Spangler. 9.Emma,wife of George Mosebrook. 10.Franklin Spangler. 3.DANIEL SPANGLER,born January 7,1824,lives at Jefferson,York county.Pa.No children. 4.WILLIAM SPANGLER,born August 12,1827,died in Jackson township,August 21,1886.Unmarried. 5.ELIZABETH,wife of WILLIAM LOUCKS,born Janu- ary 14,1817.Lives in East York,79 years old.Children: 1.Casper Loucks. 2.Anna Mary,wife of Marcellus Diehl. 3.Susan,wife of H.K.Williams. 6.BARBARA,born May 26,1819,wife of ISAAC RUTH, deceased,resides in Jackson township.Children: 1.Amelia,wife of George Sower. 2.Franklin Ruth.3.Susan Ruth. 4.Maria Ann,wife of Andrew Stambaugh. 5.Barbara Ellen,wife of Levi Eppley,deceased. 2.ELIZABETH SPANGLER,wife ofJONAS SPANGLER,(son of Bernhard of Jonas)born December 24,1793,died December 25, 1853.Married August 18,1811.See names ofJonas Spangler's numerous descendants in the class of Jonas Spangler,(son of Caspar.) 82 CASPAR—RUDOI.PH—CATHERINE. 3.JACOB SPANGLER,born April 28,1803,died in Littlestown, Pa.,1893,aged 91.Children : 1.EDWARD SPANGLER, 2.SAMUEIv SPANGLER, J.DAVID SPANGLER, 4.MATHIAS SPANGLER, 5.JACOB SPANGLER, 6.BERNHARD SPANGLER, 7.WILLIAM SPANGLER, 8.SARAH,wife of MACHIAS HONE. 9.ELIZABETH,wife of SAMUEL HOFFMAN. 10.SUSAN,wife ofJAMES EBY,Littlestown,Pa. 4.JOHN SPANGLER,born December 26,1796,died January 25, 1872,in Jackson township.His wife,Susanna,born Nov.3,1791, died October 10,1843.^'s second wife,Mary,died Nov.3,1884, aged 48-3-18.Children : /.JACOB SPANGLER. 2.ELIZABETH,widow of BENTON PICKING. 3.EMALINE,deceased wife of ZACHARIAH SPANGLER. 4.HETTY ANN,wife of PETER MOUL. 5.AMELIA,wife ofJONATHAN HOFFHEINS. 5.BARBARA SPANGLER,born Nov.13,i79i,died unmarried. III.CATHERINE,wife of GEORGE KANN, (Daughter of Rudolph). Died in Dover township.Children : 1.HENRY KANN,died in Pleasureville,York county,Pa.Chil- dren : /.SUSAN,wife of CHRISTIAN GINGERICH. 2.KATE,wife of MICHAEL GINGERICH. 3.ELIZABETH,wife of WILLIAM THOMPSON. 4.CASSY,wife of EMANUEL DELP. 5.Dr.GEORGE KANN. 6.HENRY KANN. 7.DANIEL KANN. 8.JESSE KANN,Obine county,Tennessee,in Confederate army. THE HARRISON VAN BUREN CAMPAIGN,1836.IP.75. THE COUNTRY INN IN STAGE TIME.(p.75. CASPAR—RUDOLPH—CATHERINE.83 9.MARY,wife of WILLIAM KRALL. 10.JOHN KANN. 2.MICHAEL KANN,died at York,Pa.Son: /.GEORGE KANN,Chambersburg,Pa. 3.JOHN KANN,died in Germantown,Ohio. 4.GEORGE KANN,died in York,Pa,childless. 5.MARY,wife of HENRY BOYER,died in Dover borough. Children : /.GEORGE BOYER,had six sons,all in the War,and three daughters,all in Nuckolls county,Nebraska. 2.PETER BOYER,Atchison,Kansas,had three sons and four daughters. J.JONAS BOYER,Dover,Pa. 4.JACOB BOYER,dead.Children : 1.John Boyer,Marietta,Pa.4.Sarah Boyer. 2.Maria,wife of Daniel Heilman,Marietta. 3.Amanda,wife of Alexander Stough,Mt.Royal,Pa. 5.ELIZABETH,wife of DANIEL MEISENHELDER. 6.CATHERINE,wife of EZRA MAY. 7.HENRY BOYER had four sons and three daughters. 6.CATHERINE,wife of JOSEPH ASHENFELDER. 7.BARBARA,wife of SAMUEL KOCHENAUER,died in York, Pa.Children : /.SAMUEL KOCHENAUER,died without issue. 2.DANIEL KOCHENAUER,Railton,Pa.,afterward moved to Indiana and left a family. J.MARY,deceased wife of JOHN STROMAN,York,Pa. Children : 1.Almarene,wife of Joseph Leben,deceased,left one child,Annie,wife of James Dumaresq.Almarene afterward married Dr.W.W.Wiltbank. 2.George Stroman,died in Philadelphia.Children: Harr>',George and Mary. 4.ELIZABETH,wife of HENRY MYERS,died in York, Pa.Children : I.John Myers.2.Annie Myers. 3.Elizabeth,wife ofJohn Heiner,Mt.Joy,Pa. 4.Mary Myers,Columbia,Pa. 84 CASPAR—RUDOLPH—MAGDALENA. IV.ANNA MARIA,wife of FREDERICK DECKER, (Daughter of Rudolph). Married July 19,1778.Children: 1.JACOB DECKER,born February 26,1807,died October 12, 1864.Children: /.JOHN DECKER,Philadelphia,Pa. 2.DANIEL DECKER,Philadelphia,Pa. 3.SARAH J.,wife of CHRISTIAN BOYD,Columbia. 4.SAMUEL DECKER,York,Pa. 5.DAVID DECKER,Philadelphia,Pa. 6.MARY E.,wife of PHILIP ABDEL.MYERS,York,Pa. 7.MARGARET A.,wife of HENRY MITTENDORF, Philadelphia,Pa. 8.EMMA DECKER,York,Pa. 2.ELIZABETH,wife of ADAM MILLER.Children: /.ELIZA A.,wife of GEORGE METZEL,York,Pa. 2.CATHERINE,wife of HENRY WEITZEL. 3.SAMUEL DECKER,Baltimore,Md.Has a number of chil- dren.His son,Wm.E.Decker,207th Pa.Inf.,was killed in front of Petersburgh,Va.,April 2,1865,aged 17-2-10. 4.CATHERINE,wife of JOSEPH HELKER.Children : /.JOSEPH HELKER,died in the army. 2.DANIEL HELKER,died in the army. 5.JOHN DECKER,Adams county.Pa. 6.PETER DECKER,Adams county.Pa. 7.FREDERICK DECKER,Adams county.Pa. 8.HENRY DECKER,Adams county.Pa. 9.,wife ofJOHN STOCK,moved West. V.MAGDALENA,wife ofJOHN DITTI, (Daughter of Rudolph). No trace of them or their descendants (if any)could be found. 4-PHILIP CASPAR SPENGLER, (Son of Caspar). He was born in York county about 1730,and died in 1786.He was the youngest son of Caspar and Judith Spengler,and resided with the latter on his plantation one mile East of York.Caspar in his will,probated in 1760,devised two hundred acres of this land to Philip Caspar,and one hundred to his son Bernhard.The latter afterwards conveyed his devise to Philip Caspar,who at the time of his demise owned four hundred acres of valuable York valley land.Margaret Salome,wife of Philip Caspar,was born April 6,1736,and died June 29,1813,and her remains rest in Zion's Lutheran churchyard,York. "Shiny Cap "Dinkel. Margaret Salome was the daughter of Johann Daniel Diinckel (Dinkel)a nobleman of Strasburg,Germany,and Maria Ursula his wife.The latter's father was also a nobleman,Peter Von Ernest Von Colmar.In a German Hymn Book (edition of 1733)of Maria Ursula,lately in possession of her great-grand-daughter,Mrs. Elizabeth Shearer,of York,(who recently,1895,died,aged 85 years),is the following inscription :"Maria Ursula Diincklerin, Geboren Gornussin Von Colmar:geboren 1713,den 2 April." (Maria Ursula Diinckel,of noble birth from Colmar,born April 2, 1713.According to a tradition Maria Ursula's father's name was Peter Von Ernest,and not Gornussin.A very thorough inspec- tion of the French and German works on Heraldry in Philadel- phia and New York Libraries failed to disclose the name Gornus- sin.It was probably an affix,and a corruption of "garnichts thun,"complete idleness,to denote aristocratic birth as distin- guished from an origin plebeian. In the German Bible (Ed.1776)of Rev.David Contler is writ- 86 CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR. ten the following:"David Contler,born Apwi ^^,:;^-),in Schlotterdam,on Hackensack River,New Jersey.Married Octo- ber 30,1763,Maria Catherina Diinkel,daughter of Honorable Johann Daniel Diinkel,deceased and Ursula,his wife.My wife was bom June 22,1746,in Alsace,Bruhm,Germany,Europe." Mrs.Contler died March 22,1831,aged 84 years and 9 months. Both rest in Zion's Lutheran churchyard,York. The Von Ernest Coat of Arms consists ofan anchor in a shield, above it a coat or tunic of armor,surmounted by a dove with olive branches in its mouth;(Siebmacher's Wappenbuch,in Astor Li- brary,New York,Vol.5-1-3,page 4).The Diinckel Coat of Arms represents three heads and sheaves of wheat on a shield,with a coat of armor above,surmounted by three heads and sheaves of wheat.(Same book,page 24). Johann Daniel Dinkel was detained in Germany,and did not accompany his wife and children to America.He died of a fever in the fatherland soon after their arrival here in 1753.Peter Din- kel,their only son,was fifteen years old when they emigratedfrom Germany.At his baptism the King and Queen of Prussia were sponsors.The baptismal cloth,a square piece of silk velvet with tassels,used on that occasion,was afterwards used in the baptism of Maria Ursula's grand-children.Her children were :Maria Catherine,wife of Rev.David Contler,Dorothea,wife of Rudolf Spengler,Margaret Salome,wife of Philip Caspar Spengler,Anna Maria,wife of Lieut.Col.Philip Albright,of Revolutionary fame, and Peter Dinkel,a member of the Third Company,Third Bat- talion,York County Militia,in the Revolution.Maria Ursula died September 29,1793,and her remains lie in Christ Lutheran churchyard,York. By the populace she was called "Shiny Cap Dinkle,"from the handsome cap and robe she wore,spangled with gold.She sat in state one day in the year to receive her children,grandchildren and friends.The pews occupied by the familyin Christ Lutheran church,York,were known as the royal pews,and were not allowed to be profaned by occupancy by the unaristocratic.She sold her jewels for $2,000.00,and with the proceeds purchased the house on the south side of West Market street,below Beaver street,after- wards occupied and owned by the late William Danner.A large JOHN DANIEL DINKEL.'P.85. CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR.87 number of her descendants attained distinction in both civil and military life. Philip Caspar's Personal Estate. It appears that the executors of Philip Casper's father,Caspar, were notstrictly executing the duties of their trust;for we find him making complaint to the Deputy Register,which evoked the fol- lowing remonstrance: "To the ExecutorsofCasparSpengler,deceased: "Philip CasparSpengler complains to meas Register ofthis county that you in- tend to sell his Part ofthe Movable Effects which he should have in right of his fatherby the Will. "I take thisopportunity to tell you thatasCaspar Spengler left Money to pay his Debts,you have no right to sell Philip Caspar's,nor the Share ofany other Legatee without Consent ;the right way is todivide agreeable tothe inventory to each Legateehis or her Share,and let every one do as he pleases with his own — make out a listofwhat you deliver toeach legatee accordingto the appraisement, and takea receipt which I will allowas yourvoucher when you settle. "George Stevenson,D.R." Letters of administration on the personal estate of Philip Caspar Spengler were granted to Margaret Salome (her signature to the account is Margaretha),his widow,and Peter Diehl.In their ac- count of the personal estate,filed December i,1786,they charge themselves with ^985,9s.,5d.,credits ^^385,15s.,yd.,and a bal- ance in favor of heirs,^609,13s.,lod.The real estate,the bulk of the estate,was disposed of under proceedings in partition,and the proceeds thereof were not included in the administration ac- count filed. Indian Incursions and Massacres. In Philip Caspar's boyhood days Indian wigwams were numer- ous at the large springs on his father's plantation.The white and the red man in this section lived in uninterrupted harmony.It was not until Braddock's defeat that the settlers of York county were put in imminent peril.Indian hostilities then began,and the fear of being murdered cast a deep gloom over the face of the country.In October,1755,the Indians had massacred and scalped many of the inhabitants of the adjoining county of Cumberland, and the inhabitants of York county were thrown into the utmost consternation.Settlements were destroyed,and many of the in- 88 CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—CHARLES. habitants slaughtered or made captive.The Indians set fire to houses,barns,corn,hay and everything that was combustible.' In 1755 also occurred the abduction and massacre of the Jemison family;the father,the mother,the daughter and the sons.All were killed but the daughter,who was carried into the Indian country.^In 1758 one man and five women were taken from the Yellow Breeches,York county.Richard Bard was ofthe number abducted.A thrilling narrative of the captivity of Richard Bard was written by hisson,collected from the manuscript ofhis father.-* On the 29th of May,1759,Rev.Dinwiddie and one Crawford were shot by two Indians in Carrol district,York county.John Mann and others were also murdered.The writer has given con- siderable space to these Indian incursions and massacres,to show to the present generation the fears and perils to which their first ancestors in this country were exposed. Philip Caspar Spengler's Children: 1.Charles Spangler. 2.Michael Spangler. 3.Philip Spengler. 4.Fredreick Spangler. 5.Solomon Spengler. 6.Daniel Spangler. 7.Anthony Spengler. 8.Elizabeth,wife ofJohn Herbach. 9.Ann Mary,wife of Henry Imschwiller. 10.David Spengler. L CHARLES SPANGLER, (Son of Philip Caspar). Charles (Carl)Spangler was born about 1756,was a member of Captain Philip Albright's Company of Col.Samuel Miles'Battalion 'App.Note 9 2App.Note V 3App.NoteI CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—CHARLES.89 of Riflemen,and participated in the battle of Long Island,August 27,1776,in which he was taken prisoner.Col.Miles was also taken prisoner.Captain Casper Weitzel,of this command,while at camp near King's Bridge,under date of September 6,1776, wrote:"You no doubt have heard before now of the drubbingwe Pennsylvanians,with the Delaware and Maryland battalions,got at Long Island,on the 27th of August last;were prettily taken in. The littlearmy we hadat the Island,ofabout five thousand men,was surrounded by fifteen or twenty thousand of the English and Hes- sians,when the engagement began ;they gave us a good deal of trouble,but we fought our way bravely through them." Of the important part the Pennsylvania troops took in the battle, and ofthe almost fatal mistake made in the miscarriage of General Washington's orders by the Adjutant General,the letters of Lieut. Col.James Chambers to his wife,from King's Bridge,September 3, 1776,and of General Hand,aflford graphic descriptions.' Charles Spangler was exchanged or paroled,and on his way home the Philadelphia Council of Safety,on January 3rd,1776, issued to him a pair of stockings,a shirt and a blanket,(11 Col. Rec.150,151).On June 17,1779,he was Ensign of the Fourth Company,First Battalion,York County Militia of the Revolution. After that struggle he married Susanna,daughter of George and Christiana Diehl,the latter the daughter of Henry Spangler,Jr. After Susanna's death he married Anna Welsh,who died in 1849. He movedfrom Yorkcounty to the townofBotetourt,theninGreen- castle county,Virginia,soon after 1787,and lived there in 1792. He died in Botetourt county in 1832,and was buried by the Vir- ginia Militia with the honors of war.Charles Spangler's children were: By first wife : 1.CHARLES SPANGLER,Jr.,died January 17,1878,aged 95 years.Children : /.JOHN SPANGLER.2.CHARLES SPANGLER. 3.C.M.SPANGLER.4.WILLIAM SPANGLER. 5.JOSEPH SPANGLER. 6.ELIZABETH SPANGLER,Peterstown,W.Va. 7.ISABEL SPANGLER. 'App.Note 12. 90 CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—MICHAEL. 2.GEORGE SPANGLER,died April 17,1875,aged 88 years. Children : /.KATIE SPANGLER.2.PATRICK SPANGLER. 3.NANCY SPANGLER.4.DANIEL SPANGLER. 5.GEORGE M.SPANGLER.6.CINTHIA SPANGLER. 7.JAMES E.SPANGLER,Peterstown,W.Va. 3.POLLY,wife of GEORGE HAMMETT.Children : /.JOHN HAMMETT,San Francisco,Cal. 2.GEORGE HAMMETT,Bristol,Tenn. 3.ADELINE HAMMETT.4.MARY HAMMETT. 5.ELIZA HAMMETT,Botetourt county,Va. 4.JOHN SPANGLER.Children : /.ADELINE SPANGLER.2.C.D.SPANGLER. 3.PRESTON SPANGLER. 4.LINNIE BALLARD SPANGLER.Peterstown,W.Va. By second wife : 5.JACOB SPANGLER,Springwood,Botetourtcounty,Va.,dead. His wife was Elizabeth Craft.Children : /.CLIFTON SPANGLER.2.CHARLES SPANGLER. 3.HESTER SPANGLER./.MARTHA SPANGLER. 5.JUDITH SPANGLER.6.THOMAS SPANGLER. 7.REV.GEORGE L SPANGLER. 8.MOLLIE SPANGLER. 9.ELIZABETH SPANGLER. 10.ALLIE SPANGLER.//.KATIE SPANGLER. 6.ADAM SPANGLER,of Botetourt county,Va.,dead.Children: /.JAMES SPANGLER.2.MARTHA SPANGLER. 3.JOHN SPANGLER.Child : I.Matthew Spangler,Potts Creek,Va. 7.DANIEL SPANGLER,Fincastle,Va.,died unmarried. iL MICHAEL SPANGLER, (Son of Philip Caspar). He was born October 13,1758,and married Catherine,daughter of Lorentz Schweisgood,June 28,1781.She was born November CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—MICHAEL.91 i6,1761.He was a member ofthe Second Company,Third Bat- talion,York County Militia,in the Revolution.'In the year 1791, Michael purchased 192 acres of land in the Spangler Valley,in Paradise (now Jackson)township,York county,from the adminis- trators of Henry Spangler,(son ofJonas)deceased.He conveyed the same to his sons Jesse and Zachariah,and died in the home of the former. From the Pennsylvania Republiean,()'ork)0/May28,1SJ4: "Recently in Paradise township,at an advanced age,Mr.Michael Spangler who has through a long life sustained the character ofan uprightman,and uniformly evinced his attachment to the republican institutionsofhis native country." His children were : 1.JESSE SPANGLER,died February 14,1886,aged 82 years and 5 days,in Jackson township.His children were : /.LOUISA,wife of ADAM NAYLOR. 2.AMANDA,wife of ROLANDUS SHAFFER. J.MELVINA,wife ofJEREMIAH KIDD. 4.CHARITY,wife of EDWARD MYERS. 3.ISRAEL SPANGLER,died at White Pigeon,Michigan. His children were : 1.William T.Spangler,East Berlin,Pa. 2.George W.Spangler.3.Morris M.Spangler. 4.Marion Spangler,Plattsburg,Nebraska. 5.John M.Spangler,Washington. 6.Susan,wife of Edward Petling. 7.Lvdia Spangler,White Pigeon,Mich. 2.ZACHARIAH SPANGLER,died July 17,1875,aged 80-7-11. Anna Maria,his wife,died July 2,1870,aged 72-10-12,in Jack- son township.Children : /.CHARLES M.SPANGLER,died in West Manchester township.Children : 1.Sarah,wife of Henry Diehl,New Oxford,Pa. 2.Solomon Spangler. 3.Priscilla,wife of Samuel G.Hoke,Jackson township. 4.Alice,wife of Edward Sultner,York,Pa. 5.Edward Spangler,West Manchester township. 6.Lee J.Spangler,York,Pa. 'App.Note34- 92 CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—MICHAEL. 2.CATHERINE,deceased wife of DAVID BOYER,Littles- town,Pa.Children: I.Harry Boyer.2.Nancy Boyer. 3.Sarah,wife of George Stayle. 4.Josephine,wife of John Spangler. 3.ANDREW SPANGLER,of Jackson township. 4.LYDIA,wife of GEORGE HOKE,of Paradise township. J.ZACHARIAH SPANGLER,resides in York. 6.LEAH,wife of EMANUEL RUDISILL,of Gettysburg. 7.REBECCA,deceased wife of PETER SHELLENBER- GER,of Paradise township. 8.ELIZABETH,wife of REUBEN MINNICH,Springgar- den township. 9.LEVI SPANGLER,deceased.Children : 1.Anna,wife of Harry Pentz. 2.Leah,wife ofJohn Hall. 3.Emma,wife ofJohn Hall. 4.Levi Spangler.All of York. 3.MICHAEL SPANGLER,born October 13,1783,and in 1808 moved to Plain township,Stark county,Ohio.In 1820 he lo- cated in Cleveland,Ohio.He had a family of six children,all of whom are dead except his oldest son.Children : /.MILLER MICHAEL SPANGLER,now 82 years of age, who is the owner and conductor of a mammoth malting establishment in the city of Cleveland,Ohio.Children : I.George M.Spangler,Cleveland,Ohio. 2.BASIL L.SPANGLER,Cleveland,O.,dec'd.Children : 1.Basil S.Spangler,who was a Lieutenant in the late war. 2.Kyle W.Spangler,Cleveland,Ohio. 3.Harris Spangler,"" 3.MARGARET,wife of J.K.MILLER,Cleveland,Ohio. Children : 1.W.L.Miller.Children : I.Frederick S.Miller.2.Fannie Miller. 2.Mary,wife of E.C.Rouse,deceased Son : I.E.C.Rouse. 3.James H.Miller,dead.Children : CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—MICHAEL.93 I.Henry L.Miller.2.Otto H.Miller. All of Cleveland,Ohio. 4.POLLY,wife of THOMAS LEMON,dead.Child : I.Catherine Lemon.Children : I.Blanch Lemon.2.Paul Lemon. 3.Mark Lemon,Cleveland,Ohio. 5.CATHERINE,wife of WILLIAM LEMON,dead.One daughter,living in Cleveland,Ohio. 6.HARRIET MILLER SPANGLER.Died unmarried. 4.SAMUEL SPANGLER,was born April 15,1790,and in 1808 moved to Plain township.Stark county,Ohio,and subsequently to near Fort Wayne,Indiana,where his descendants reside. 5.BENJAMIN SPANGLER,born May 5,1792,moved to Plain township,Stark county,Ohio,and subsequently to Elkhart,In- diana.Children : /.MICHAEL SPANGLER,Elkhart,Indiana,born April 20,1817.Children : I.Alpheus Spangler.2.Augusta P.Hughes. 3.Cora J.Van Sickel. 2.ANTHONY SPANGLER,born December 5,1818. 3.CATHERINE SPANGLER,born November,1820. /.LYDIA SPANGLER,born 1822. 5.MARGARET SELL,born 1825. 6.LEWIS B.SPANGLER,born 1829,Auburn,Ind. 7.JOSIAH SPANGLER,born 1833. 8.SARAH SPANGLER,born 1834,Oberlin,Ind. p.JOHN W.SPANGLER. Some of the descendants moved to the far West. 6.ELIZABETH,wife of WILLIAM EYSTER,born November 15,1785,and died in York county.Children : /.MICHAEL EYSTER,born September 15,1808,died June 23,1881.Children : 1.Wm.Eyster,Ex-County Treasurer and Iron Manufac- turer,York. 2.Michael Eyster,deceased.3.Martin Eyster. 2.REBECCA,wife of DAVID SMYSER,deceased,married March 25,1831.Resided in West Manchester township. Children : 94 CASPAR—PHIUP CASPAR—PHILIP. I.Martin Smyser.2.Eliza Smyser. 3.Sarah,wife of Michael Emig,deceased. 4.Lucy Smyser.5.Henry Smyser. 6.Mary,deceased wife of Samuel Bowman. 7.Jacob Smyser.8.Charles Smyser. 9.Amanda Smyser.10.Albert Smyser. 3.JOHN EYSTER,dead.Children : I.Minnie,wife of Samuel Wertz.2.Jacob Eyster. 3.Charles Eyster.4.Eliza Eyster. 4.CATHERINE,deceased wife of ADAM HERMAN,de- ceased.Children : 1.Charles Herman.4.William Herman. 2.Sarah,wife of Edward Glatfelter. 3.Emanuel Herman.5.Jacob Herman. 7.REBECCA,wife of JOHN LAU,died in York county,March 10,1863,aged 62-8-20. /.TERESA,wife of HENRY HOKE,York,Pa. 2.SARAH,wife of JONAS RUPPERT. J.ELIZABETH,wife of AMOS RUPPERT. 4.MARY,wife of LEWIS RUPRECHT. 5.ISRAEL LAU,deceased. 6.SUSAN,wife of LEVI EMIG. 7.LOUISA,wife of ABRAHAM ALLISON. 8.REBECCA,wife of PETER STRINE. 9.CATHERINE LAU. 8.PHILIP SPANGLER,born May 12,1782,died without issue. 9.MARGARET SPANGLER,born November 17,1787. iiL COL.PHILIP SPENGLER, (Son of Philip Caspar). Was born March 17,1761,baptized as Johann Philip Spengler, March 28,1761.He was a member of the Second Company, Third Battalion,York County Militia in the Revolutionary War.' About 1790 he moved to Strasburg,Shenandoah county,Virgina. He was accompanied by five of his brothers.Hundreds from 'App.Note 34. CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—PHILIP.95 this section emigrated to the Shenandoah Valley,Va.,prior to 1800.Subsequently the tide of emigration was westward.' Philip Spengler was Lieutenant Colonel of the 6th Regiment Virginia Militia in the warof 1812.His descendantshave still in their possession his military hat and sword.He was subsequently a member of the Virginia Legislature.He was married to Re- gina Stover,and died in Strasburg,Va.,in 1823.Children : 1.JOSEPH STOVER SPENGLER.He was born in Strasburg, Va.,November 13,1790,and died at the same place December 15, 1876.He was twice married,first to Mary Smith,and secondly to Elizabeth Hurn.He was educated at Dickinson College,Car- lisle,Pa.,and was for many years a Justice of the Peace;also. Sheriff of Shenandoah county,and a member of the Virginia Legislature He inherited a large landed estate,and was educated for the bar, but preferred agriculture.When he died heowned but a thousand acres,and that was under execution,not for his own debts,for he owed not a dollar,but he was surety for a host of friends,and they left him to pay their debts.He was eminently moral,drank neither liquor nor wine,and never used tobacco ;was noted for in- tegrity and benevolence—a friend indeed to the poor.Children : /.VIENNA,wife of WILLL^M MILLER,married May 28, 1823.She subsequently married Prof.G.E.Roy.She died at Front Royal,Va.,August 16,1893.Children : 1.Joseph W.Miller,merchant,married Fannie Porter. He was a member of Company B,17th Regiment, Virginia Volunteers,Corse's Brigade,Longstreet's Division,C.S.A.,and was drowned in the Shenan- doah River insight of his home in 1866.His widow and son survive him. 2.Hampson M.Miller,married Mary C.Roy,served in the same regiment as his brother,and is now living at Front Royal,Va. 3.Mary J.,wife of Rev W.Rippatoe,of the M.E. Church,South,and is now living at Eureka Springs, Arkansas. 2.REGINIA v.,wife of JOHN HUPP LEE,a merchant 'App.Note 13. CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—PHIUP. of Strasburg.Married November 17,1840,and died March 20,1891.Children: 1.Richard H.Hupp Lee,entered the Confederate Army, Company A,23d Regiment Virgina Infantry.He married Ella Cooley,and lives in Strasburg,Va. 2.Lizzie S.,wife of Luther Ham,resides in Strasburg, Va. 3.Caroline,wife of James Corlen,lives in Barnesville, Ohio. J.GEORGE P.SPENGLER,married Rosina Windom,of Mason county.West Virginia.Both dead. 4.RICHARD H.SPENGLER,died in his minority. 5.MARY S.,wife of GRAFTON A.MURPHY,married April 24,1845,died November 16,1893.Children : I.Mary E.Murphy.2.Philip A.Murphy. 3.Anna R.,wife of O.K.Brown. 4.Sallie E.,wife of Rudolph Updike. 5.R.M.Murphy. (All living in Warren county,Virginia). 6.PHILIP ANTHONY SPENGLER,fought under General Price,C.S.A.Surrendered at Shreveport,Louisana, and now lives in Limeton,Warren county,Virginia. 7.ELIZABETH C,wife of SAMUEL P.ESHLEMAN, married April i,1852.Children: I.Anthony Eshleman.2.William L.Eshleman. 3.Mary P.,wife of Edward Putmon. 4.Mattie E.Eshleman.5.Carey W.Eshleman. 6.Asbury R.Eshleman. 7.Sallie M.,wife of Nathan Ennis. All of Warren county,Virginia. 8.ANNA C,wife of THOMAS B.KENNER,married De- cember,1854,and died January 2,1889.Children : 1.Joseph W.Kenner,Riverton,Va. 2.William A.Kenner,Front Royal,Va. 3.Samuel F.Kenner. 4.Lizzie R.,wife of P.V.Shotts,Iron Bridge Builder, North Carolina.5.Thomas W.Kenner. 6.Charles L.Kenner,Riverton,Va. CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—PHIUP.97 9.SARAH MARGARET SPENGLER,single,Strasburg, Va.The present scribe is indebted to Miss Spengler,for the genealogy of the Philip Spengler branch,and for much other valuable information,for which she will please accept his profound thanks. 10.DAVID MORRIS SPENGLER,married Virginia Balthis, Strasburg,Va.Children : 1.Ellen G.,wife of R.S.Fritts,Merchant,Warren county,Va. 2.Laura V.Spengler.3.Mary E.Spengler. 4.Margaret Spengler.5.Gertrude Spengler. 6.Blanche Spengler.7.Florence H.Spengler. 8.Olive B.Spengler. /.DANIEL HUPP SPENGLER,married Roberta Finnell, of Anderson,Indiana.He was a member of Company B,17th Virginia Infantry,Corse's Brigade,Longstreet's Division,C.S.A.Children : I.Annie R.Spengler.2.Moselle Spengler. 3.Maxwell F.Spengler.4.Edgar A.Spengler. 5.Harry M.Spengler.6.Samuel W.Spengler. 7.Lizzie L.,wife of William Goods,Alexandria,Va. 12.ABRAHAM STICKLEY SPENGLER,member of Com- pany B,17th Virginia Infantry.Died of fever contract- ed in camp,July 21,1861. 13.SAMUEL FRANKLIN SPENGLER,member of Com- pany B,17th Virginia Inf'y,was mortally wounded in the second battle of Manasses (Bull Run),and died Sep- tember 6,1862. 14.ISAAC M.SPENGLER died in hiseighteenth yearin 1858. 15.FRANCES E.,wife of CYRUS KEISTER,Company G, 4th Virginia Cav.,General Wickham's Brigade;now a merchant of Strasburg,Va.Children : Roselle,Eva,and Carlos Keister. 2.CATHERINE,wife of GEORGE F.HUPP,was born March 16,1794,married December 22,1814,died January 31,1875.Her husband died December 22,1884,in his 94th year.He was Pay- master in the war of 1812,and afterwards an extensiveiron-master, owning at one time three charcoal furnaces doing a flourishing 98 CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—PHIUP. business,in Shenandoah county,Va.,and Hardy county,W.Va. He supplied bar iron for hundreds of miles around those sections. One of the furnaces was the celebrated Columbia Furnace.He closed out the business in 1850.Children: /.JOHN SPANGLER HUPP,died with fever contracted in the Confederate army,while acting as Post Quartermas- ter,at Winchester,Va. 2.ELIZABETH M.,wife of CoL.GEORGE T.BOWMAN, married February 15,1844.Children: 1.Catherine,wife of P.S.Cook,Frederick,Md. 2.George H.Bowman,Banker,Front Royal,Va. 3.Fannie Bowman. 4.Nannie,wife of Augustus King,Warren county,Va. 3.FRANCES CATHERINE,wife of JAMES L.MILLER, merchant.(Deceased.)Children: 1.George W.Miller,manufacturer ofstoneware. 2.John T.Miller,commission merchant,Wash't'n,D.C. 3.Katie Miller. 4.Frank H.Miller,tel.opr..Navy Yd.,Wash't'n,D.C. 4.GEORGE F.HUPP,Jr.,Strasburg,Va.Children: I.George B.Hupp.2.Irma S.Hupp.3.Bruce F.Hupp. 5.ANN REGINA,wife of JAMES L.MILLER,afterwards of A.J.Kelly.Children : 1.Mamie,wife of Wesley Painter,Strasburg,Va. 2.Lizzie,wife ofJohn Coleman,Alexandria,Va. 3.Millie Kelley. 6.JOSEPH S.HUPP,married Belle Hollis,Winchester,Va. No issue. 7.PHILIP MARTIN HUPP. 8.SARAH JANE HUPP. 3.ELIZABETH,wife of JOHN MACHIR,Strasburg,Va.She was born Jan.7,1789,and married Jan.29,1805.Children: T.PHILIP A.MACHIR,merchant,married Caroline H.Ar- thur,born September 27,1807,died July 8,1884.Chil- dren: 1.Elizabeth M.,wife ofJames A.Somer,contractor. 2.Laura V.,wife ofWilliam Machir,merchant. 3.Fannie S.,wife of William Machir,merchant., CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—SOLOMON.99 4.John A.Machir,fanner. 5.Nora B.,wife of Asbury Redfern. 6.James W.Machir,carpenter. 7.Mary C.Machir.8.Lucy Ann Machir. 9.Carrie H.Machir.10.Susan I.Machir. All live at Strasburg,except John A.,and Mrs.William Machir,who reside in Point Pleasant,W.Va. CATHERINE S.MACHIR,Strasburg,Va.,married Noah Funk;born May 17,1811,died January 29,1891.No issue. JOSEPH S.MACHIR,Strasburg,Va.,married Harriet Bennet;bom October 23,1813,died February 14,1873. Left no issue. IV.FREDERICK SPENGLER, (Son of Philip Caspar), Was born April 17,1763,and baptized May 8,1763.He emi- grated from York county to Strasburg,Va.,and thence to Harri- sonburg,Va.,about 1790.He was a wealthy and influential man and owned several large farms around Harrisonburg,a handsome property in the latter town,and forty negroes.Children : 1.WILLIAM SPANGLER,served in the war of 1812.Grand- daughter,Mrs.Martha K.Thurman,Central Plains,Fluvanna county,Va.She was married three times;her first husband was a Mr.Keller,and her second a Mr.Kyle. 2.CUTHBERT SPANGLER,Terre Haute,Ind. 3.Dr.LEVI SPANGLER,Terre Haute,Ind. 4.INGY,wife of Capt.KEYS,United States Navy. 5.EMILY,wife of Mr.BALES,near Terre Haute,Ind. V.SOLOMON SPENGLER, (Son of Philip Caspar), Born in York county in 1770.He was in the war of 1812.He died in 1830.He married Miss Taylor,who died,aged 83 years, at Strasburg,Va.Children: 100 CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—SOLOMON. 1.PHILIP H.SPANGLER,bom in Strasburg,Va.,1807,and died in 1879.He married Miss Catherine Cook.Children: /.LEMUEL SPANGLER,deceased,married Catherine Grove,of Strasburg,Va.He was a soldier in the Mexi- can war and Captain of Company A,loth Virginia Inf'y, Stonewall Brigade.He was wounded twice,the last one causing his death.Children : I.Charles W.Spangler.2.Mrs.Joshua Teunch. 3.Mrs.Benjamin Richards.4.Mrs.Atwell Hite. 5.Mrs.James Casper.6.Mrs.Isaac Funk. 7.Clarence Spangler.8.Jerome Spangler. 9.Frank Spangler;Strasburg,Va. 2.CHARLES SPANGLER,Winchester,Va.,was ist Ser- gent loth Virginia Infantry;married Miss Virginia Evarts of Winchester,Va.Children : I.Virginia Rutherford.2.Hugh Spangler. 3.Robert Spangler.4.Jackline Spangler. All of Winchester,Va. 3.JOHN P.SPANGLER,married Mary Fillons,Strasburg,Va. /.MARY,wife ofJEREMY HEIST, 5.ANNA SPANGLER. 6.CATHERINE SPANGLER. 2.SOLOMON P.SPANGLER,was bom November 18,1806,and died March 10,1852;married Lucinda Tanquery,August 11,1831. He graduated from a Medical College in Philadelphia,but never followed his profession;and was a wholesale dealer in leather. Children : /.ANNA ABAGAIL SPANGLER,Beloit,Kansas. 2.LUCY v.,wife of JACOB McKAY,speculator in real es- tate,Manchester,Iowa. J.HENRY CLAY SPANGLER,married Grace Russell, merchant,Manchester,Iowa. 4.EMMA F.,wife of AMOS SOUTHARD,merchant,Craw- fordsville,Indiana. 5.WINFIELD SCOTT SPANGLER,Nineveh,Va. 6.CARRIE M.,wife of Hon.JOSEPH MILLER,member of the Virginia House of Delegates,Nineveh,Va.Chil- dren : CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—ANTHONY.101 1.Lucy,wife of Richard Thorpe. 2.Emma A.V.,wife of Scott Jett. 3.Robert L.Miller.4.A.Roberta Miller. 5.Willa M.M.Miller.6.Mary L.Miller. 7.Laura V.Miller.8.T.Shirley G.Miller. 9.Thomas S.D.Miller. Mrs.C.M.Miller furnished all the names of the descendants of the Solomon Spangler branch,for which she will please accept the writer's thanks. 3.MARGARET,wife ofJOHN ANDERSON,lived in Winches- ter,Va.,and died in 1859.Children : 1.CLARA,(Dugie)wifeofCHARLES H.DOWNS,New York City.He was in the Mexican War and Captain Company B.,3rd Maryland Regiment,Union Army.Children : 1.Florence,wife of Bunt,Baltimore,Md. 2.Kate,wife of Frank V.Hawley,New York. 3.Clara M.,wife of Joseph Reilly,Boston,Mass. 2.CATHERINE,wife of JOSEPH LONG,who was a Cap- tain in the Confederate Army,and was drowned in the service while being transferred from one boat to another, at Louisville,Ky.Her children live in Baltimore : I.Hunter M.Long.2.Rose Long. 3.Lillie Long.4.Miller Long. 4.DAVID SPANGLER,left Virginia when quite young. VL DANIEL SPANGLER, (Son of Philip Caspar). Was a resident of Boone county,Kentucky,in 1817.His de- scendants,if any,were not discovered. viL ANTHONY SPENGLER, (Son of Philip Caspar). Captain Anthony Spengler,grand-son of Casper Spengler,was born December 29,1774,and was baptized April 2,1775.He went from York county.Pa.,to Virginia,and February 27,1796,mar- 102 CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—ANTHONY. ried Catherine Kendrick (a lady of wealth),living in Strasburg, Shenandoah connty,Va.Catherine was a descendantof Dr.David Jameson,who coinmanded the Third Battalion of York County Militia in the Revolutionary War.She died August 19,1829.He built a large brick residence on what was Mt.Prospect,within a mile of the town.The situation was well chosen.It gave an extended view of mountain,valley and river.The home was af- terwards known as "Spengler Hall".They raised a family of twelve children,ten sons and two daughters.Captain Anthony Spengler was a large landholder,a man of means and influence,and was highly respected in the community.He was a Ruling Elder in the Presbyterian church,and lies buried with his wifeand many of his children in the graveyard which surrounds the church, which he was largely instrumental in building,and where hisname is still honored.He died June 29,1834.The picture of "Speng- ler Hall "has in the foreground family descendants and the wife and children of Hon.Hoke Smith,vSecretaryof the Interior,visitors. 1.ANTHONY SPENGLER,Jr.,born February i,1798,married Ann Steward July 27,1830,in South Carolina,died July 18,1832. 2.ABRAHAM SPENGLER,born Nov.26,1796,died in Talla- hassee,Fla.,in 1841,of yellow fever.He married Rebecca Wycke. Children: /.VIRGINIA,wife of T.B.WHITFIELD,both dead. 2.CHARLOTTE,wife of WILLIAM GRAHAM,Sabine Parish,Louisiana. 3.LIZZIE S.,wife ofJAMES WILLIAMS,De Soto Par.,La. 4.NATHAN R.SPENGLER,Boston,Georgia.Children: 1.Dora,wife of I.G.Taylor,Boston,Georgia. 2.Effie,wife of H.Young,Metcalf,Georgia. 3.Rebecca,wife of I.T.Kushin. 4.Littleton L.Spengler. 5.Mattie L.Spengler,Boston,Georgia. 3.SAMUEL SPENGLER,bom June 5,1800,married Frances (Fannie)Way,December 16,1824.He lived on a farm at Riverton, in Warren county,Va.,near Front Royal.Children: /.FRANCES FANNIE SPENGLER. 2.JAMES SPENGLER,emigrated to the West and was never heard from. VIEW OF HARPER'S FERRY AND SHENANDOAH VALLEY,1830. SPENGLER HALL,STRASBURG,VA.,1895.ip.102.: CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—ANTHONY.103 4.PHILIP C SPENGLER,born April i8,1803,married Marga- ret Richards,Oct.9,1827.Lived in Front Royal,Va.Children: /.JOHN SPENGLER.2.PHILIP SPENGLER. 5.CHRISTIAN SPENGLER,bom March 24,1799,died April 20,185 1.Heowned a mill and land near Strasburg,Va.He mar- ried Susan Hoffman.Children : /.PETER ANTHONY SPENGLER,Strasburg,Va.,mar- ried Amanda Shipe.Children : 1.Laura,wife of George Hinkens,Middletown,Va. 2.Ella,wife of William Copp,Strasburg,Va. 3.Arthur Spengler,Huntingdon,W.Va. 4.Walter Spengler,Charlestown,W.Va. 5.William Spengler,Strasburg,Va. 6.Lizzie Spengler,Strasburg,Va. 7.Nannie Spengler,Strasburg,Va. 8.Mary Spengler,Strasburg,Va. 2.Gen.ABRAM SPENGLER.He left Moorefield,Va., (now West Virginia)as Captain of the Hardy Greys,a company raised chiefly by his efforts,under instructions to report to Col.Thomas J.Jackson,(Stonewall)then in command of the Confederate forces at Harper's Ferry. His company was at once assigned to the 33rd Virginia Regiment,of which it formed a part,until the close of the war.Captain Spengler was in command of his com- pany in the first battle of Manassas,in which he lost heavily,the 33rd Regiment being one of those making up the famous "Stonewall Brigade,"and it was during the hottest part of this fiercely contested battle,that its commander received the name of "Stonewall,"and by which name it was ever afterwards known. The Last Commander of the Stonewall Brigade. Subsequently to this battle,General Jackson,was or- dered to the Valley of Virginia with his brigade,and in all the battles of that brilliant campaign.Captain Speng- ler participated,never being known to have been absent from duty when an engagement was anticipated,or in actual progress.He was engaged in the following bat- CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—ANTHONY. ties,viz :Kernstown.In the battle of McDowell,the Stonewall Brigade was not engaged,but was brought into action again against the retreating forces of General Banks at Winchester Heights.Then follows Port Re- public,and Cross Keys,after which General Jackson was ordered to Richmond,to co-operate with General Lee, against McClellan.Here Col.Spengler,having been pro- moted,took part in the battles of Gaine's Mills,Cold Harbor,and Malvern Hill.After the seven day's bat- tles,his next experience was the battle of Cedar Run, or Slaughter Mountain,as it has been variously named. Then follows the second Manassas,Harper's Ferry, Sharpsburg,Ox Hill,Fredericksburg,Chancellorsville, Gettysburg,and engagements that took place on the retreat of General Lee,until the final surrender of the latter.He rose from the rank of Captain to that of Col- onel,commanding the "Stonewall Brigade,"and his commission as Brigadier General,had been made out, but in the confusion of the evacuation of Richmond, and withdrawal of the Departments of the Government, it was never transmitted to him.General Spengler was a cool,brave and skillful officer,kind to his subordi- nates,and ever ready to obey his superiors.He ended his military career,whenGeneral Lee surrendered at Ap- pomatox Court House.He died in Moorefield,W.Va., in 1893,and left to survive him his widow,Mrs.Mary S.Spengler,and a son,Marshall Glen Spengler. J.LUCY,wife of JACOB J.EBERLY,manufacturer,Stras- burg,Va.Children: 1.Joseph Spengler Eberly,Fairfax,Va. 2.Letcher Spengler Eberly,Strasburg,Va. 3.Mattie,wife of Robert Robey,Edinburg,Va. /.MARY C,wife of H.P.LUDWIG,merchant,Strasburg, Va.Children : I.Howard Ludwig.2.Marion Ludwig. 3.Vernon Ludwig.4.Ernest Ludwig. 5.Lucy Ludwig,Strasburg,Va. 5.GEORGE MADISON SPENGLER,miller,Strasburg, CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—ANTHONY.105 Va.,married Helen R.Hurn.Was a member of Captain Stover's Company,loth Va.,Inf'y,Stonewall Brigade. Children : I.Frank Spengler.2.Edith Spengler. 3.Luther Spengler.4.Herbert Spengler. 5.Clara Spengler.6.Nellie Spengler. 7.Mary Spengler. 6.DANIEL SPENGLER,born Dec.22,1810.Never married. Was buried at Strasburg,Va. 7.Dr.JOHN SPENGLER,born Oct.27,1804,married Margaret Russell January-29,1833,lived in Strasburg,Va.,left one son,Jo- seph Henry,who died in the winter of 1894,aged 60 years.He (Joseph)left a daughter,Mrs.Amanda Long,living in or near Luray,Page county,Va. 8.ELIZABETH,wife of HENRY GROVE,merchant,Strasburg, Va.,born January 19,1807,died June 29,1884.Children: /.ELENORA,wife of STOVER ZEA,Washington,D.C. 2.GEORGE WASHINGTON GROVE,married.Frostb'g, Md.Was in the Confederate army. 3.LUTHER S.GROVE,married Miss Davis.He was a member of Co.A,loth Va.Inf'y.Wounded at the bat- tles of Slaughter Mountain,Chaucellorsville,Gettysburg and Spottsylvania,at which he was captured and im- prisoned in Fort Delaware until the close of the war. Children : I.Ola Grove.2.Carl Cirove.3 Virginia Grove. Strasburg,Virginia, 4.HENRIETTA,wife of WM.BEAN,Washington,D.C. J.SILAS BILLINGS GROVE,married Miss Kelly,Wash- ington,D.C. 9.BENJAMIN SPENGLER was twin with ELIZABETH.Mar- ried,lived and died at Bath Alum Springs,in southwest Va. 10.AMOS B.SPENGLER,born April 8,1809,died June 29, 1879.Lived on a farm near Strasburg,Va.,most of his life. Married Miss Stewart of North Carolina.His children were: /.COLUMBIA SPENGLER,died and buried at Strasburg. 2.ELIZABETH SPENGLER,"""" 3.ANNIE SPENGLER,"""" 106 CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—ANTHONY. /.HARRIET SPENGLER,died and buried at Strasburg. 5.JANE,wife of BURK,of Edinburgh,Va. Columbia married her cousin,Charles B.Spengler,and left two children: I.Virginia Spangler.2.Hugh Spangler. Living near Winchester,Va. 11.CYRUS SPENGLER,born August 10,1816.Married Cath- erine Redman;had eight children.Lived most of his life in the valley of Virginia.Died at his daughter's,(Mrs.Laura Shierry) in Washington,D.C,December,1890,aged 75 years.The chil- dren are: /.SAMUEL SPENGLER,married Miss Derba,one son: Wirt Spengler,Baltimore,Md. 2.ALICE ANN SPENGLER,died in Woodstock,Va.,aged 16 years. 3.LAURA LEE,wife of Mr.SHIERRY,Washington,D.C. 4.EMMA ELTAINGE,wife of WM.LOCKE,West Va. 5.JOHN JETT SPENGLER,married,Baltimore,Md. 6.AMOS LETCHER SPENGLER,Keyser,West Va. 7.MARY CATHERINE SPENGLER,Washington,D.C. 8.WILLIAM WIRT SPENGLER,dead. 12.ISAAC SPENGLER,bom January 2,1802,died May 17,1814. 13.CLARINDA,wife of SAMUEL KENDRICK,her cousin, Warren county,Va.She was the youngest child of Anthony Spengler,born February 3,1818,and died May 13,1851.She was married September 19,1839.They lived at "Spengler Hall,"Mr.Kendrick buying the home placeof his wife's brothers, Daniel and Benjamin,who inherited it.The name of the place was changed again,and is now known as "Matin Hill."It is still in the Kendrick family.There were six children: /.MARY ELIZABETH,wife of ROBERT WILLIAMS CRAWFORD,Strasburg,Va.Married November 2, 1870,Robert Williams Crawford,by profession a Civil Engineer;was in the Confederate Army the four years of the war,in Gen.J.E.B.Stewart's command.Was Second Lieut,of Co.A,ist.Va.Cavalry,General Stuart's old regiment.He served during the war from April, 1861,to April,1865,and at he battle of Bull Run had CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—ANTHONY.107 his horse shot under him.He is a descendant of Dr. David Jamison,who commanded the Third Battalion of York cotint)',Pa.,Militia in the Revolutionary War.He now lives nearStrasburg,engaged in merchandising in the town.The writer is indebted to Mrs.Crawford for the annals of the family of Anthony Spengler,for which he is deeply grateful.Children: I.Anna Searles Crawford.2.Mary Roberta Crawford. 3.Robert William Crawford. 2.SAMUEL EDWARD KENDRICK was born July 28, 1843.Was killed August 9,1862,at the battle of Slaughter Mountain (also called Cedar Mountain,)about six miles from Orange Court House.He was a member of the "Muhlenburg Rifles,"loth Va.Reg. 3.CHARLES HENRY KENDRICK,died at "Matin Hill," September 13,1861,aged 14 years. 4.CLARA SPENGLER KENDRICK died June 4th,1851, aged 4 months. J.KATHERINE ANN KENDRICK,wife of Rev.JOSEPH WALKER WAUCHOPE,a Presbyterian minister,lives at Hampden Sidney,Prince Edward co.,Va.Children: 1.Samuel Kendrick Wauchope,teaching in an Indian school near Albuquerque,New Mexico. 2.Joseph Alliene Wauchope,teaching in Texas. 3.Edward Houston Wauchope,Hampden Sidney,Va. 4.Arthur Douglas Wauchope,Hampden Sidney,Va. 5.William Crawford Wauchope,Hampden Sidney,Va. 6.Mary Armstrong Wauchope,Hampden Sidney,Va. 7.Katherine Rutherford Wauchope,Hampden Sidney,Va. 6.ELLA FRANCIS KENDRICK,wifeofDAVID E.ARM- STRONG,was born April 15,1849,married November 16,1880,diedJanuary 7,1889.Mr.Armstrong is amer- chant of El Dorado,Arkansas.Children : 1.Mary Kendrick Armstrong. 2.Caroline Wauchope Armstrong. 3.Roberta Withers Armstrong. 4.Annie Crawford Armstrong. Twin daughters dying in infancy. 108 CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—ELIZABETH. viiL ELIZABETH,wife of JOHN HERBACH,Jr., (Daughter of Philip Caspar Spengler), Born November 19,1767,married October i,1786.Her hus- band was born December 5,1762,died October 5,1800.He owned the flouring mill two miles south-east of York,on the Plank Road, known as the Landis mill.His remains were buried in the grave- yard of the German Reformed church,York,and,upon its aban- donment,removed to Prospect Hill cemetery. Elizabeth,after the death of her husband,married Robert Mil- ler,of Shippensburg,Pa.Had one son,William Miller. The Supreme Executive Council of Philadelphia approved, among the bills presented December 11,1790,the following bills ofJohn Herbach,father of John Herbach,Jr.;(16 Col.Rec.536): "OfJohn Herback,for repairing sundry arms forthe use of Cap'n Trett'scom- pany ofthe York County Militia,in the year 1776,amounting to £0 lis 8d." "Ofthe saidJohn Herback,foramusquet furnished by him forpublicservice in the Fl3dng Camp,in the year 1776,and which was lost in actual service,valued at /2 5sod." Elizabeth Herbach's children were : 1.JOHN GEORGE HERBACH,born September 21,1792,bap- tized November 20,1792.Was a house carpenter and builder; moved to Pittsburg about 1828;moved to New Brighton,Beaver county,Pa.,and kept the New Brighton Hotel,until 1840,when he returned to Pittsburg,and died in Allegheny City,Pa.,in 1844. He was very wealthy at one time,but by the fall of the United States Bank,and by endorsing,he lost all he had,but paid up to the last cent.Children : /.TANNER HERBACH.2.LEONARD HERBACH. J.ELIZA HERBACH./.PERRY HERBACH. f.MARY HERBACH.6.JOHN HERBACH. 7.NINA HERBACH.S.ELIZABETH HERBACH. 9.ANDREW J.HERBACH,born January 20,1830,of Pitts- burg,Pa. 10.AMELIA HERBACH.//.LAFAYETTE HERBACH. 2.FREDERICK HERBACH,baptized August 7,1790,removed to Allegheny City,Pa.,marriedJanuary 26,1811,in Hanover,Pa., to Miss Bolton.Children : /.THEODORE HARBAUGH,Eaton,Ohio. CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—ELIZABETH.109 2.SARAH,wife of ABRAHAM ADAMS,Waynesboro,Pa. J.EMALINE,wife of MATTHEW TRACY,Eaton,Ohio. 4.LUCY,wife of JOSHUA HUNT,Richmond,Ind. 5.MARY,wife ofJACOB FUNK,Monmouth,111. 6.VINTON HARBAUGH,Monmounty,111. 7.ELMIRA,wife of GEORGE HENDRICKS,Eaton,Ohio. 3.SALOME SARAH,(called Sallie),wife of JACOB HECKERT, York,born May 18,1799,married June 23,1816,and died April 19,1863,in York,on East Market street,near Duke street.Chil- dren: /.GEORGE HECKERT,dead.Children : 1.Ellen Louisa Heckert,dead. 2.Charles Herbach Heckert,dead. 3.Benjamin Augustus Heckert,dead. 4.George Thompson Heckert,dead, 5.Annie L.,wife of William H.Herman,Printer,York. 6.George Benjamin Heckert,died in infancy. 2.FRANK HECKERT,died at Lancaster,Pa.Children : 1.Sarah Heckert. 2.Elizabeth,wife of James P.Boyd,Journalist,Philadel- phia,Pa.,dead. 3.Charles Heckert,Reporter,Bradford,Pa. 4.Ada,wife of Frank Marion,Lancaster,Pa. J.DAVID HECKERT.4.JACOB HECKERT. ,-.MARY HECKERT. 6.ALBERT HECKERT.Children : I.Frank H.Heckert.2.Henry C.Heckert. 3.Katie Heckert.4.George W.Heckert. 5.Margaret,wife of John P.Julius. 6.Howard Heckert.7.Oscar Heckert. 7.JOHN HECKERT.Children : I.Benjamin Heckert.2.John Heckert. 3.Carrie Heckert.4.Salome Heckert. 5.Hattie Heckert. 8.HENRY HECKERT,Oakland,California.Children: I.DoUie Heckert.2.Henry Heckert. 9.EDWARD P.HECKERT.Children : I.Claude Heckert.2.Edward Heckert. 110 CASPAR—PHIUP CASPAR—DAVID. 3.John Heckert.4.Annie Heckert. 4.ELIZABETH HERBACH,bom September 26,1787,baptized November 26,1787,died in her minority. IX.ANNA MARY,wife of HENRY IMSCHWILLER, (Daughter of Philip Caspar Spengler), Born in 1777,married September 19,1807.Henry Imschwiller, died in Bottstown,(York)June 3,1811.Children : 1.CAPERNIA IMSCHWILLER,bora May 25,1805,baptized September 19,1805,died unmarried. 2.JACOB IMSCHWILLER,bornJanuary 12,1807,baptized June 21,1807,killed on the Northern Central Railroad,May 15,1862, aged 55-4-3.Children : /.HENRY EMSWILER,York,Pa. 2.MICHAEL EMSWILER,Altoona,Pa. J.CHARLES EMSWILER,York,Pa. 4.CAROLINE,wife of AMBROSE GOODLING,York,Pa. 5.MATILDA,wife of CHARLES ILGENFRITZ,Bruce- ville,Md. 3.LYDIA IMSCHWILLER,born March 29,1808,baptized De- cember 26,1808. 4.ANNA MARIA IMSCHWILLER,born July 20,1810,baptized July 26,1 810,died unmarried. X.DAVID SPENGLER, (Son of Philip Caspar.) Was born February 5,1772,and baptized April 2,1772.He moved from York to Harrisonburg,Virginia,about 1790,wasthere as late as 1793,and about 1800 emigrated to Franklin county, near Columbus,Ohio.Children: 1.DAVID SPANGLER,lived and died in Franklin county,Ohio. Children: /.THORNTON SPANGLER,Shadesville,Franklin county, Ohio. 2.JOHN SPANGLER,died single. CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—DAVID.Ill J.ELY SPANGLER,lived and died near Columbus,Ohio. Children: I.John Spangler,Stanford,111.,and 3 other children. 4.JOSEPH SPANGLER,lived and died in Frankly county, Ohio.Children: 1.George W.Spangler,Weston,Wood county,Ohio. Married Nancy Dukes.Children: 1.Howard H.Spangler,Van Buren,Indiana. 2.Mary S.Russel,Tontogany,O. 3.John W.Spangler,Chicago,111. 4.Laura L.Dukes,Weston,O. 5.Wm.R.Spangler,Buffalo,N.Y. 6.Alice L.Spangler,Weston,O. 7.Carrie A.Ballmer,Green Spring,O. 8.Charles W.Spangler,Fort Wayne,Ind. 9.Ella M.Sterling,Weston,O. 10.Lewis L.Spangler,Weston,O. 2.Harrison Spangler,dead.Children: 1.Clara Weathers,Rich Hill,Mo. 2.McClellan Spangler.3.Leonard Spangler. 3.Laura Dukes,Findlay,O. 4.Carrie Spangler,dead. 5.FREDERICK SPANGLER,died at Clinton,Indiana. Children: 1.Wm.Spangler,Rutland,111.,had four children. 6.MARY,wife ofJOHN DUKES,Findlay,Ohio,died with- out issue. 7.WM.SPANGLER,moved from Franklin county,Ohio, to Marshall county.111.,about 1S34,died in 1882.Chil- dren: I.Samuel M.Spangler,married in October,i860,to Minnie J.Stevens,of Findlay,Ohio,and moved to Marshall county.111.,where he died in 1877.Wm. had nine other children.Samuel M.Spangler's children: 1.W.S.Spangler,176 Randolph street,Chicago, 111.No issue. 2.EmmaJ.,wife ofWhitney J.Perry,Belle Plain,111. CASPAR—PHILIP CASPAR—DAVID. 3.Margaret Spangler,died when 18 years of age. 4.Florence D.,wife of Oliver M.Kerrick,Fairfield, Iowa. 5.Charles E.Spangler,Chicago,111. 6.Ollie B.Spangler, 7.Ralph T.Spangler, 2.Wm F.Spangler,Peoria,111.Four sons and one daughter. 3.John B.Spangler,Peoria,111. 4.David Spangler,dead. 5.James Spangler,La Rose,111. 6.Charles Spangler,La Rose,111. HARRISON SPANGLER,lived and died near Stryker, Ohio ;had children,and among them,Philip Spangler, who moved to Iowa. 5.JUDITH,wife of HENRY BAKER. (Daughter of Caspar Spengler). Three children were born to them : I.MARY BAKER. II.EVA BAKER. III.CATHERINE BAKER. Their uncle,Rudolph Spengler,was appointed their guardian September 3,1767: "At an Orphans'Court held at York,for the County of York,the twenty-fifth day of Augustin the seventh year of the reign of our [SEAL.]Sovereign Lord George the Third bythe Grace of God ofGreat Britain France and Ireland King Defender ofthe faith &c.Anno Domini 1767 BeforeDavid Jameson,Michael Swoope,John Adlum,Robert McPher- son and JamesWelsh,Esqrs,,Justices &c.Assigned &c. "Came intoCourtJudith Eichiuger and prayed the Court to appoint Guardians- for Mary Baker Eva Bakerand Catherine Baker her children by a former husband to take care oftheirpersons and estates Whereupon it is considered by the Court &ordered that Rudolph Spengler be and ishereby appointed to be the Guardian ofthe said Minor Children to take care oftheir persons and Estates "A true Copy Compared with the Original at York this 3d Day of September 1767 Witness my Hand andSealofthe Orphans Court "Saml.Johnston,CI.Cur." On March 25,1766,after a widowhood of several years,Judith married Jacob Eichinger,of York.No intelligence was obtained of the whereabouts of any descendants.The Eichingers of New Cumberland,Pa.,and of Decatur,111.,are said to beher descendants. 6.MARY,wifeof Col.MICHAEL SWOOPE. (Daughter of Caspar Spengler). 'i'^jM^M^ Q. Anna Maria (Mary)Spengler Swoope was born at Weyler under Steinsberg,Palatinate on the Rhine (now in Baden)July 15,1725. The York church records show that a daughter,Anna Maria,was born to thera February 24,1752,and was baptized March i,1752. Mary died before 1765. Col.Swoope afterwards married a lady whose christian name was Eva;and a son was born to them who was baptized George, April 2,1773,witnesses,Baltzer Spengler and wife.The Penn- sylvania Archives make mention of the fact that in 1782 Col. Swoope was detained at home on account ofillness inhis '•'•family.''^ Col.Michael Swope wasCoroner 1761,Justiceof the Peace 1764, Orphans'Court Judge 1767,Member of the State Assembly 1768 to 1776,and Member of the Committee of Revolutionary Corres- pondence 1775.He was Major ofthe First Battalion,York County Militia,1775,and Colonel in 1776.Col.Swoope and his York County Battalion fonned a portion of the Flying Camp in Eastern New Jersey,1776.'Quarter-Master Leffler's Diary sheds new light on the York Troops at the Camp.^Col.Swoope's battalion was taken prisoners at the battle and surrender of Fort Washington on the Hudson in 1776.-'He was not exchanged until 1781.After this surrender the American Army retreated through New Jersey to Philadelphia. Colonel Michael Swoope. From SaffeVs "Records ofthe Revolutionary War:' "Of the Pennsylvania "Flying Camp,"a Fort Washington prisoner,was cap- tured No\'ember 16,1776.He was released on parole June 23,1778,but again called into New York onthe Sth ofAugust,1779,where he had to endure the con- finement of his fellow prisoners,martyrs for patriotism.He was exchanged at »App.Note 14."APP-Note 15.^App.Note 16. CASPAR—MARY.115 Elizabethtown,N.J.,on the 26th ofJanuary,1781,andreturned home to York- town,Pa.,on foot a distance of170 miles." "He was very well supplied by Mr.Pintard,at New York,with 'Colonial Dol- lars'which he readilysold at the rate ofseventy-five for one inspecie inthe spring of1780.The current exchange of theday was forty for one inspecie,butthe poor prisoners,robbed of their liberty,money and life,could not get the advantagesof the moneymarket.'" The horrors to which the prisoners in the Prison Ships in New York Harbor were siibjected to,no pen can adequately depict." Some of those who died in the New York City Prisons were buried in the Trinity Churchyard of that city.-^ In 1753 Col.Swoope was an "Inn Keeper,"in 1757 a "Shop Keeper,"and in 1779 and 1785 a "Merchant."He lived on the south side of High street,a few doors west of Court-House Square. In 1783 we find among the list of York taxables,"Col.Michael Swoope,storekeeper,plate 32 pounds,i chair,i slave,2 horses, merchandise 350 pounds,5 persons—1119 pounds. He was,on November 12,1782,commissioned an Associate Judge ofthe Courts of York county,and held the same office as early as 1767. Col.Swoope,in 1785,moved to Alexandria,Virginia,and in the same year executed a power of attorney to his consort Eve, Thomas Hartley and Baltzer Spengler,Jr.,to sell and dispose his real and personal estate in York. All efforts to ascertain the descendants of Col.and Mary Swoope, if any living,have proved abortive. The United States War and Interior Department records show that neither he nor his children were Revolutionary Pensioners. Since the foregoing was written the writer received a letter from a descendant of Colonel Michael Swoope and presumably of Eva,his second wife,and therefore not a lineal descendant of Mary Spengler Swoope.* (2) HENRY SPENGLER. J ORG HEINRICH SPENGLER,was the tenth child of Hans Rudolf Spengler,(page 6,)born June 8,1704,at Vveyler under Steinsberg,district of Hilsbach,then in the Palatinate on the Rhine,now in Baden,and was married in that town January 17,1730,to Susanna Muller of Meckersheim. He sailed from Rotterdam on the ship Pleasant with his wife and brothers,George and Balthaser,(Baltzer)and their families,and arrived in Philadelphia in the beginning of October,1732,and qualified the nth day of that month.Henry Spengler came to America provided with the following letter of recommendation, certificate and passport: Henry Spengi^er's Certificate and Credentials,1725. (TRANSLATION.) "Linen-iueavcrApprentice-attestfor George Heinrich Spengler OF Weyler under Steinsberg. We,Wolffgang Weisenbronn &Johannes Pausser,appointed mastersof an honor- able Guild of linen weavers in Hillspach county of Mossbach in the Palatinate, hereby publicly make known to everybody wherever thisletter may be read or heard,that the bearer of same,the honorable and modest George Henry Spengler, a native ofWeyler under Steinsberg,made known to usthat he had learned regu- larly and in agreement with the rules ofthe guild the trade oflinen-weaver with our fellow master and craftsman at the aforesaid Weyler,Caspar Spengler,also that he had served out his time and therefore asked for an accreditedcertificate which he could make use ofon future occasions. Since we cannot refuse him this just petition,we therefore hereby certifythat the said George Henry Spengler haslearned his trade oflinen-weaving with our beloved fellow-masterand craftsman,Caspar Spengler atWeylerunderSteinsberg, during a period ofthree years in accordance with the rule ofthe guild,beginning on candlemas (2nd of Kebr.)1722,and should have ended at the same time 1725. On account of hisdiligence and good behavior,however,the time has been short- HENRY SPENGLER.117 ened by a half year,so that he was an apprentice fully two and one halfyears — we guild masters and also the undersigned associate-masters being presentat both the binding and releasing-act;he also conducted himself during said time to- wards everybody in a manner becoming to an honor-loving apprentice,being diligent,upright,faithful,pious,honest,wherefore we,and especially I,his trade master (who taught him his trade)were highly pleased with him and can say only good and pleasant thingsabout him.It is alsowith our knowledge and con- sent that he without any bad reputation nowgoes awayjournejang,for which rea- son wegladly give him this testimony and certificate. We accordingly respectfully ask everybody,of whatsoever station,honor or dignity they may be,but especially our fellow-craftsmen of the guild oflinen weavers,towhom the oft-mentioned George Henry Spengler may come,todohim every favor andaid him in every way possible onaccountofhisgood behaviorand because of his having learned his trade thoroughly,andthus enable him to enjoy the full benefit of thisour intercession. To return similar favors on such and all other occasions we declare ourselves heartily willing.In testimony whereof we,masters of the guild and associate masters,have hereunto affixed our own signatures and the common seal ofthe guild. Done at Sinsheim the 3rd day ofJuly in theyear of our Lord 1725. We the undersigned guild masters ; Hans Wolff Wissenbrunn. Hans Pausser. [Seai,op the GmLD.]Associate-masters; Hans Werrichstock. Hans George Bainerd. Caspar Spengler,asTrade Master." The signature of Caspar Spengler to the above is identical with Caspar Spengler's signature to his last will filed in the Register's office of York county,Pa.,in 1760,and now in the writer's pos- session. Henry Spengler's Passport. (translation.) "The Court ofHis Excellency the Elector ofthe Palatinate,at Dilsperg. "I,FranciscusJosepbus Wieden,hereby make known to everybody,that Henry Spengler,for the past two yearsa resident of Meckersheim,appeared at this office and gave due notice ofhisintention to leave the Palatinate,and in hopeof better fortune to emigrate to the new countryor the so-called island of Pennsylvania,and that he,therefore,needed an official certificate of his legitimate birth and upright living for an unmolestedjourney.Since now the said Henry Spengler not only has been granted «K;^r(zna';vcnia,(permission to emigrate),but also before ob- taining this official attest and passport,duly paid all his taxes;therefore it became my official duty to bear record and certify in this open letter that the said Henry Spengler,together with his lawful wife Susanna were born ofand raisedby honor- ableparents;alsoduring the time of their residence in the borough of Meckers- heim they carefully met all the governmental requirements made upon them and 118 HENRY SPENGLER. conducted theinselve toward everybod)'peaceahly,honorably and faithfully in such a manner that neveronce has a single complaintbeen brought against them at this office,so that forthisreason he together with his family would gladlyhave been suffered to remain in the Palatinate,had he not himselfof his own accord, spe meliortsfortuncr (in hope ofbetter fortune)asked permission to emigrate. "Therefore thesaid Henry Spengler,is respectfully recommended to the kind consideration and aid ofeverybody who may get to read this,that he,as coming from a—thank God—health}',uninfected place,may in his journey everywhere have free and safe passage,all ofwhich we on our part declare ourselves in duty bound and willing to reciprocateon every occasion. "Signatum Dilsperg the 28th of April,1732. "Seal:FrancisJoseph Wieden. ) "F.J.Wieden." Miss Flora Immel,of York,a descendant of Henry,has the pos- session of these papers,as well as the other papers of Henry Spengler. The Pennsylvania Germans were for many years denied natural- ization and the elective franchise.' He was naturalized April 11,1763,having taken the Sacrament as required by law.(Ante.p.66).He probably first settled in 1732,in Heidelberg township,now Adams county,near the Blue Mountains,where his daughter Susanna was born in 1735.He soon after moved on a tract of land now owned by Grier Hersh,in the southern suburbs of York.A license dated October 30,1736, was granted to an English speculator,Michael Wallack,for 250 acres of land in the Manor of Springettsbury,then in the County of Lancaster,afterwards in York county.On August 6,1746 Wallack conveyed 165 acres ofthe above tractto Henry Spengler. A warrant for the same was issued from the land office to Henry Spengler,April 14,1767,in which it was designated as "Speng- ler's Rest,"and patented May 2,1768. Henry Spengler devised this tract to his son John George,who in 1779 devised it (then increased to 180 acres)to his sister Sus- anna.The latter in 1809,devised it to her niece,Elizabeth Stre- ber,(daughter of Rudolph Spangler),and her husband,Peter Streber,during their lives,with remainder in fee to their children. The latter on April 15,1825,sold 144 acres thereof to Charles A. Barnitz,for $7200.00.A large portion of the same could not now be bought at that sum per acre. lApp.Note 21. '-^'^-^fe^:^!f^^ ANCIENT CASTLE OF STEINSBERG.ip. THE SHERIFF'S POSSE LEAVE HOME TO CRUSH Th CRESSAP INTRUDERS.IP.119.) HENRY SPENGLER.119 Dispute with Lord Baltimore. This land was comprised in the territory claimed,by Lord Balti- more,within the Province of Maryland.Patents were issued by the Maryland authorities to settlers for lands in the vicinity of the present City of York.A farm owned by Henry Spengler,now in Windsor township,York county,was originally acquired by a Maryland patent,supplemented by a patent from the Penn pro- prietaries. Lord Baltimore contemplated as early as 172 1 to extend the northern boundary of his Province,on the west side of the Sus- quehanna river,to the northern limits of the fortieth degree of latitude.(About three miles north of York).As late as 1762 the Maryland authorities exercised jurisdiction in this territor}-,and in pursuance thereof issued licenses for the regulation of tavern rates for certain taverns near Yorktown.'About 1731 Col.Thomas Cressap,under a pretence of a right from Marj-land,squatted in the York Valley.Soon a number of Maryland intruders followed his example. Inorder tocounteractthese encroachments,it was the policyof the Penn proprietary*agents to invite and encourage settlements on the borders.Such settlements were made and had been made within the Manor of Springettsbury,or York Valley.There was a con- tract that titles should be made to the settlers whenever the lands should be purchased of the Indians.Certificates of license were accordingly issued,furnishing patents upon the usual terms for which other lands in the county were sold.A commission^was issued to Samuel Blunston,in 1733,to grant licenses to settle and take up lands on the west side of the Susquehanna. Hundreds of individuals accepted these invitations to settle,and soon a dense settlement was made west of the Susquehanna.Con- tentions soon arose.'^ The Cressap War. The unsettledand undefinedboundary line between the Province of Pennsylvania and Maryland,gave rise and encouragement to Col.Cressap and his desperadoes to commit acts of violence.Mur- 120 HENRY SPENGLER. ders followed and the German settlers were threatened,by force, to be turned out of their settlements.The Cressap war ensued, which lasted for years. In one of the battles the Sheriff,aided by a posse of twenty- three men,went to Cressap's house early in the morning and read a warrant for murder to him in his hearing,several times over, and demanded a surrender.In answer thereto,Cressap swore he would never surrender till he was dead.He called for a dram of rum,and drank '^Da7nnation to Jiimself and all zvith hhn^if ever they zvould surrender.''''He swore he would kill all the Pennsyl- vanians before he would be taken.He would shoot the first of his own men who would refuse to fire at his command,or would offer to capitulate.Before any violence was offered,Cressap and his men fired upon the Sheriff and his posse.,and wounded several. Before the battle was over several more were wounded on both sides and one killed. Henry Spengler,in addition to his occupation as a farmer,plied his trade of linen weaving,and to supply urgent necessities,the trade became in great demand in the early days.' Henry Spengler died July 6,1776.His wife Susanna died De- cember II,1780.His will was dated February 25,1773,and pro- bated July 9,1776. Will of Henry Spengler. "In the Name ofGod,—Amen.I,Henry Spengler of York Township in the CountyofYorkand Province of Pennsylvania,Farmer being at present in a Giod state of Health in Body and far advanced in Years tho ofsound Disposing mind Memory and understanding (Blessedbe God for the same)and sensable ofthe un- certainty ofthis Transitory Lifeon earth and that all flesh must Yield to Death when it shall please Almighty God to call and in order to settle and Dispose ofmy Temporal Estate LandsTenements Goods and Chattels wherewith it hath pleased God to enrich me,Do make Ordain Constitute and Declare this to be my Last Will and Testament in manner followingrevoking and Disannullingall and every other Will and Testament by me at anytime heretofore made or Declared either by Word or Writing. And first being Penitent and Hartily Sorry from the bottomofmy Hart forall my Sins and Transgressions most Humbly Desiring forgiveness for the same,I Give and commit my Soul into Almighty God my Plessed Savourand Redeemer in whom and by the Merit of Jesus Christ I Trust and believe assuredly to be saved and have full Remission and forgiveness ofall my Sins and that my Soul at the General Day of Resurrection shall rise again with God and thro the Merits of HENRY SPENGI.ER.121 Christ Death Possess and enjoy the Kingdom ofHeaven prepared for his electand Chosen.And my Body I order to be Buried in a Christian likeand Decent man- ner and in such place whereit shall Please my Executors herein after Namedto appoint. And as to my Temporal Estate Lands Tenements Goods and Chattelsand Debts whereof I am Possessed asaforesaid I Order Give Devise and Dispose ofthe same in manner and form following (that is to say),I Will Orderand Direct thatall those Debts Duties or Sums ofMoney which I owe in Right orconscience to any manner of Person orPersons whatsoever shall bepaid by my Executor herein-after mentioned or as soon as the same canbe raised or Levied outofmy Estate after my Decease. Item,I Give and Bequeath unto Susanna my Dearlybeloved Wife (in case she Survive me)the Sum of forty Pounds Lawful Money of Pennsylvaniatobepaid her by my Son John George Speuglerout ofthe Legacy to him herein afterDevised in four eaquil Payments (to wit)Ten Pounds part thereof one Year after myde- cease,and Ten Pounds Yearly until thewhole is paid. I also Give and Bequeath unto hermy Said Wife Susannathe SumofTen Pounds Lawful Money ofPennsylvania to be paid her out of theMoneyin theHouse Im- mediately aftermy decease. Also the Feather Bed Bed Cloths Bed-Stead wherein wenow lie four Sheets four Table Cloaths one Iron Pott one Copper Kettle two Pewter Bassons two Pewter Plates two Pewter Spoons one Frying Pann theTable in theHouse one Pewter Quoart with a Lid One Churn one Lamp two Pailsone Iron Lafle one Skimmer one flesh fork one Large WashingTub two Barrels oneHeckle one Large Prayer Book one Psalm Book one Winegar Cask one Spade one Garden Hoe one Dough Trough two Hand Towels two Bags one Cabbage Tub four Bread Basketsone Spinning Wheel and Reel one Pepper Mill six Earthen Potts one Cow which she shall Choose and two Sheep. I Also Give and allow unto my said Wife Susanna Libertytoliveinthismy Dwelling House with my Son George During her life and theuseofone fourth part of the Garden and also three Roes ofApple Trees which sheshall Choose every Year and if my said wife Susanna should not Choosetolivein thismy Dwelling House he my said SonJohn Georgeis to repair theother House in this my Dwelling Place for her use And I do also Will and Order that incase the Cow Devised to my Wife shouldhappento Die he my said SonJohn Georgeshall find another for her use duringher Life and feed the said Cow and sheep. And that he my said John George findand provide for my said Wife Susanna and Deliver at her Door a Sufficient QuantityofFire Wood Duriug lier lifeand that he also give and Provide for her Yearlyand every Year During her Life one Hundred Weight of Pork Ten BushelsofWheatSix Bushels of Rie Ten Poundsof flax one pair of Shoes and a half a Bushel of Salt and thathemake Cider ofher Apples if she Chooses to have it Done andthat she shall have Liberty ofthe Cel- laronthis my Plantation. Item,I give and Bequeath unto Henry Spengler and Elizabeth Spenglerthe Children of my son Rudolph Spengler,Deceased,the sum of Three Poundseach in full fortheir Share ofmy Estate Real and Personal.I having heretofore suffi- ciently Provided for their father in his lifetime to be paid by my Executors in one Year after my Decease to theirGuardian out of my Estate. Item,I Give and Bequeath unto my Daughter Christiana Intermarried with 122 HENRY SPENGLER. George Dihlthe Sum of One Hundred Pouuds Lawful Money ofPennsylvania to be paid out of my Estate by my Executorin One Year after myDecease Ihaving also heretofore advanced to them. Item I Give and Bequeath unto my Daughter Susanna the SumofOne Hundred andThirty Pounds Lawful Money ofPennsylvania EightyFive Pounds part there- of to be paid by my Executors out of my Estate in one Year after my Decease and forty five Pounds the residue thereofby my said Son John George out of Legacies herein after to him Devised in three payments (to wit)fifteen Poundspart thereof in one Year after my Decease and fifteen Pounds Yearly untill thewhole is paid I Also Give and Bequeath untoher my Said Daughter Susanna the feather Bed-Bed- stead and Bed Cloths wherein she Lies and two Cows one Hefier and two Sheep. Item I Give and Bequeath unto my said Son John George Spengler All myPlan- tation and Tract of Land whereon I now Live with all and singularthe Houses Barns Stables and appurtenances thereunto belonging containing One Hundred and Sixty Five Acres be the same more or less To Have and to Hold to him my said John George Spengler his heirs and Assigns forever he paying thereout the several Sums of Money herein before particularlymentioned andperformingthe several Articles hereinbefore mentioned to be made donepaid andgivenunto my said Wife Susanna. Item I Also Give and Bequeath unto my said SonJohn George SpenglerOne Wagon two Horses his Choice ofall my Horses andall the Gears theretobelong- ing one Harrow one Plow one Lock Chain one Cow oneSheep the Clock in the House the Bed Bed-Stead Bed Cloths wherein he now Lies the Large House Bible the Wind Mill Apple Mill and Cutting Box. Item it is my Will and I do orderthat all the Rest Residue and remainderofmy Estate real or Personal whatsoever nothereinbefore Disposed ofafter Deducting all funeral Chargesand Expenses ofAdministration shall be Devided in Six eaquil Shares and Three eaquil Shares thereof I Give and Bequeath unto my said Wife Susanna and one otherofthe Said Six eaquil Shares unto my Daughter Christiana Intermarried with George Dihl one other of the Said Six eaquil Shares untomy Daughter Susanna and the other Sixth eaquil Part to my said Son John George And Lastly.I Do hereby Nominate and appoint my Trusty andwellbeloved Friend John Bushong and Stephen Lowman and mySonJohn GeorgeSpengler and the Survivor or Survivors of the Executors ofthis my Last Will andTestament to see the same performed according to the True intentand meaning thereof. In Witness Whereof I have hereunto Set my Hand and Seal thisTwenty fifth Day ofFebruary in the Yearofour Lord onethousand Sevenhundredand Seventy Three. HEINRICH SPENGLER, Signed Sealed Published Pronounced [seal] and Declared by the Said Henry Spen- gler as and forhis Last Will &Tes- tament in the Presence ofus who have Subscribed our Names as Witnesses to the Same in his presence at his request. BALTZER SPENGLER, GEORGE WELLER, HENRY MILLER. HENRY SPENGLER.123 York County S S.Before me Samuel Johnston Esquire Deputy Register for the Probate of Wills and granting Letters ofAdministration in and forthe County ofYork in the Provinceof Pennsylvania personallyappeared Baltzer Spengler and George Weller two of the Subscribing Witnesses to the Within Instrument of writing and the said Baltzer Spengler on hissolemn oath takenon the HolyEvan- gelistsofAlmighty Godand thesaid GeorgeWelleron bis Solemn Affirmation taken according toLaw heconscientiously scrupleingthe takingofan oath Doseverally say that they were personally present and sawand heard Henry Spengler within mentioned Sign Seal publish and Declare the within Instrument ofWritingasand for his Last Will and Testament and at the timeof the doingthereofthesaid Henry Spengler was ofsound and disposing Mind and Memory tothebest of these Deponants an Affirmants Knowledge and belief and that they subscribed their names as witnesses to the same respectively in the presence of the said Testator and at his request and also say That Henry Miller the other subscribing vritness was also presentat the same time and signed hisname to the same as a witness in like Sworn by the said BALTZER SPENGLER, Baltzer Spengler and GORG WELLER. affirmed by the said George Weller &subscri- bed before me at York this 9th Day of July 1776. SAML.JOHNSTON,Dep.Regr." Baltzer Spengler,a subscribing witness,was Baltzer Spengler, Jr.,and a nephew of the testator. Items in Inventory. Among the articles in the inventor}',we select a few on account of the quaint spelling of the phonetic German clerk employed.It illustrates the difficulties encountered by our Teutonic forbears in the pronunciation of Anglo-Saxon : One Blue Goat,one Blue Gamlet Jaket,I4 lb.SoLether,6 lb OberLether,one Blue Jaket,one Wite Jaket,i Chabber,Grin Stone,two pair Lether Brithshes, Felt Hatt,i Acker of Flax,i;{lb.thret,Shoos,Pinshers,2 Hogsket,Hayinthe Baren,Wetstonse,Pewter Pasons Pewter Bocket Bottle,Tin Cop,WootingCan, Erthen ware,Chist,6 Bushels Try Abbels,Keetles,I Shott Boudge. Bible Entries. The following entries were found on separated leaves taken from the family Bible of Henry Spengler : "Anno 1730,on the 8th day of January,I Henry Spengler,married at Weyler, under the Steinsberg,inthe Electoral Palatinate." "Anno 1732 I,Henry Spengler,bought this Bible at the fair at Frankfurt (on the Main)for 4 flor." "Anno 1732 to me,Henry Spengler,my first child was born,ason,on the 27th 124 HENRY—HENRY. day of November.Hissign isthe Virgin,his planet is Saturnus;his sponsors are Rudolph Wilcke &wife.lie was baptized on the 17th day ofDecember at the house ofCaspar Spengler,by the Rev.Pastor Miiller." "Auno 1797 on the 15th dayofJuly at the age of57 yearsJohnGeorgeSpengler, died &was buried on the i6th in the newReformed church yard with Christian honors by the Rev.Kering." "Anno 1776,the 6th day of July,Henry Spengler died and was buried with Christian honors on the 7th day ofJuly anno 1776." "Anno 1780,on the nth day of December,Henry Spengler'swife died and was buried with Christianhonors,on the 12th day of December." "Anno 1735,on the 14th day ofMay,my daughterSusanna wasbornin Heidel- berg township,near the Blue Mountains." "1809,the 29th ofNovember,Susanna Spengler diedand wasburied onthe30th. Her age was 74years,6monthsand 2 weeks." Henry Spengler's Children: 1.Henry Spengler. 2.John George Spengler. 3.Christina,wife ofGeorge Diehl. 4.Susanna Spengler. 5.Rudolph Spengler. I.HENRY SPENGLER. Was born November 27,1732,and died July 6,1776.He was a member,until hisdeath,ofthe Second Company,Third Battalion, York County Militia,in the Revolution. 2.JOHN GEORGE SPENGLER. He died without issue July 15,1797,aged 57 years.He devised and bequeathed all his property to his sister Susanna. An old account book of John George Spengler,contains the fol- lowing items in German,and shows the prices in those days : "Anno 1777 George (Jorg)Spengler,loaned his mother •]£6 shillings money — on the 16 May.Sheborrowed it from me formedicine." "May 24 1777,GeorgeSpenglersoldtoWilliam Sprenklehogmeatfor31shillings.' ' "February 18 1777,George Spengler,sold a shot gun to Daniel Spengler for 15 shillings." (This handsome gun,a flint-lock,is now in the present scribe's possession,it having become the property of the writer's father, Rudolph.The name George Spengler is engraved on its beautiful brass mountings.In the writer's boyhood days many a bird be- came the victim of the gun and gunner.) "On April 7,George Spengler sold and hauled to towntwo loadsofwood for3 shillings;&halfbushel ofoats for 15 pence." "George Spengler sold to John Dahlman S gallonsof cider for 3 shillings &3 pence on the i6th Winonoiith October." "June 15 1778,George Spengler sold to George Diehl 9 pounds &^i feathers atone dollar perpound." "Dec 7 1778 George Spengler settledwith George Spengler,(son of Baltzer)& remains in his debt 16 ^&10shillings,and a barrel ofbrandy." "Nov 10 1778 George Spengler sold to John Wols,2 barrelsofciderat 4 /&8 shillingsper barrel." "1781.John Dahlman owes George Spengler i shilling." "1781 George Maserowes George Spengler 2 shillingsand sixpence." "1781 George Billmyer owes George Spengler 10shillings for potatoes," "Nov29 1781 George Spengler sold to George Weaser 2 bushels ofwheat for 10 shillings." Similar entries are found in this account book. 3.CHRISTINA,wife of GEORGE DIEHL. (Daughter of Henry). Married May30,1758.They moved,in 1762,to Augusta county, Va.,which then embraced all the territory in that section south of Rockingham county,and extended to the northern boundary of North Carolina and Tennessee,and west of the Blue Ridge.A deed was executed and delivered to him for a large tract of land in Augusta county in 1762.Their children were: I.SUSANNA,wife of CHARLES SPENGLER, (Son of Philip Casper) A Revolutionary soldier.The names of the descendants will be found under the title of Charles Spengler. II.PETER DIEHL.Dead.Children: 1.PETER DIEHL.Dead. 2.HENRY DIEHL.Dead. 3.SAMUEL DIEHL,deceased.Son: /.M.V.DEEIv,resides at Arch Mills,Botetourt county,Va. Many of the descendants of Christina and George Diehl are said to reside in Pendleton county.West Virginia. III.MAGDALENA,wife of —HUNTERSLEITER. IV.NICHOLAS DIEHL.Dead. 4-SUSANNA SPENGLER, (Daughter of Henry). She was born May 14,1735,and died unmarried November 29, 1809.She disposed of her property by will,as already stated,to her nephews and nieces. The High Road to Baltimore.—All Forest on the South OF York in 1802. From Lewis Miller's chronicles: "Tbe farm ofSusannaand her brotherYargle (John George)Spengler wasone mile from town.In 1802 Joseph Miller,and his little brother were sent to this place for some vinegar—a gallon—our money was not plain on the face,without the full impression,—worn off—it was a Spanish quarter dollar;shesaid I won't take it.Josephhad torun home fora plain quarter,aud I remained at the house till he came back.Theplace isnow atthistime where the Baltimore pike runs by. At that timethe road ran past Jacob Fissel's meadow overthe hill.(Tracesofthe road can yet beseen at theschoolhouse 200 yardswest of Tyler's mill).It was all covered with wood,only a few acres clear land,the woodland running to the Borough line." "Susanna and her brother never were married.They were old,strange looking to me,and their dogs were playful,I was fond ofbeingthere—theywereold and strange people—.somany living in the country of thatkind,—aud mannerscurious in their dressand ringlet cheeks.Whatstrange ideas in such people." "In the year 1S12,we boys put up a swing on 'a large oak tree in the woods of Peter Streber,formerly Susanna Spengler's Plantation,one mile from town. The b 'vs were Wm.Streber,Lewis Miller,John Rouse,Daniel Baumgardner, Jacob Stroman,Henry Craver,Samuel Weiser." 5.RUDOLPH SPENGLER, (Son of Henry). He was by trade a weaver.He married Maria Catherine,daugh- ter of Henry Bahn,August 5,1759,and devised and bequeathed all his real and personal estate to his wife and two children,who were : 1.Henry Spangler. 2.Elizabeth,wife of Peter Streber. I.HENRY SPENGLER. He was born at York,Pa.,January 2,1761.He married IMiss Susannah lyightner,of lyancaster.Pa.,one of the daughters of Ig- natius Lightner,(born August 6,1736,died May 23,1818,)and Margaret Rutter his wife.Ignatius was the son of Nathaniel,son of Adam,and Maudlin Lightner,who landed in New York be- tween 1709 and 1728.She,Susannah,was born January i,1768. Shortly after marriage they removed and settled in the then little village of Mercersburg,Franklin county.Pa.Their first child, George,was born in York,Pa.The other twelve children were born in the "Home"place of their adoption,where for many years the father engaged in wagon manufacturing,and hotel- keeping.He was noted for his enterprise,industry,kind- ness and hospitality,until his death,which occurred August 17, 1837.His widow continued the business of hotel-keeping,which was quite profitable,as the line of travel between Baltimore and Wheeling and Pittsburg (which were Western towns at that time) passed by the door.There the numerous family was reared and nurtured until one after another they all,except the youngest (Lydia),married and started out in the battle of life.The mother attained the age of 87 years,8 months and 5 days,the date of her decease being September 5,1855.She was very widely known, greatly beloved for her kind disposition and extreme charity. SUSANNAH SPENGLER.(ENRY SPENGLER. HENRY—RUDOIvPH—HENRY.129 They repose in the old Lutheran graveyard in Mercersburg.The children were : 1.GEORGE SPANGLER,(son of Henry Jr.,)was born in York, Pa.,July 25,1789,and married Mary Fields,a beautiful daughter of William and Elizabeth Fields,of Martinsburg,Va.William Fields was a descendant of the brave Colonel Fields,who fell at the battle of Point Pleasant,on the Ohio river,against the Indians in 1774,while serving under Gen.Lewis.Mary Spangler,(wife of George),died April 7,1869,at Williamsport,Md. George Spangler was sergeant in Capt.Thomas Bard's company of riflemen,of Mercersburg,Pa.,at the breaking out of the second war,181 2,with Great Britain.This company volunteered its ser- vices,and was dispatched to the northern boundary on Lake Erie, marching all the way,he bearing the colors of his country as Color Sergeant or Ensign.After enduring the many hardships incident to campaign life then,they were called home.The company was divided into two parts,and ordered to subsist on the country,giv- ing vouchers for supplies furnished.He had charge ofone half of these troops,and he piloted them safely through,many times through snow,(breast deep),and over frozen and swollen streams, and uninhabited forests.They were without food for days at a time,but shortly after their return and disbandment,the city of Baltimore was menaced and threatened by the enemy,when he at once called on his former comrades to join with him and go to the defense.Not finding as many willing ones as desired,they went to Greencastle and united with the number raised there,and pushed directly ahead on foot,he in the capacity of Orderly Sergeant.At the time General Ross was killed,this happy little band were in line in a corn-field,and in full view of the General and his Aid-de- camps,when Wells and McComas took the life of the enemy's great leader.This act done,the enemy retired,and the brave men assembled went to their homes again.He was married September 4th,181 7,and at once removed to Schellsburg,Bedford county, going into business there.In 1818,he moved to Williamsport, Md.His home was for many years the stopping place for itiner- ant preachers.Early in life he associated himself with the Luth- eran church,of which he was long a member,but about 1840,he and his estimable wife joined the Methodist Episcopal church,re- 130 HENRY—RUDOLPH—HENRY. maining exemplary members thereof the remainder of their lives. The subject hereof was a Whig of the old school,but never became a candidate for any office except municipal,serving as Councilman for some years,and was always found in the line of progression and morality. At a public meeting held in Hagerstown,Md.,ofthe veterans of the War of 1812 and 1814,December 26,1854,we find him there full of the old spirit.The officers of this meeting were Col. John Miller,president;Daniel Hauer and James Biays,secretaries. He was a schoolmate of President James Buchanan,and was very bitter against him at the beginning which led up to the Re- bellion of the Southern States.He was noted for his staunch Union qualities,as well as honesty and integrity.He was a re- markably healthy and hale man until a few years before his death when he had a fall at his old home at Mercersburg,Pa.He was brought to his home suffering with a broken hip,and despite the most careful nursing by his children,he was unable to resume his much needed exercise,and regain his robust health.He departed this life March 19,1874,aged nearly 86 years.His remains lie beside his beloved wife in Riverview Cemetery,Williamsport,Md. George Spangler's children were : /.WII^LIAM HENRY SPANGLER,born at Williamsport, Md.,July,1820,died October 18,1824,at the same place. 2.Rev.JOSEPH NORRIS SPANGLER,of the Methodist Church North,afterward joined the Methodist Church South,was born March 12,1823,and died December 20, 1887,in Baltimore,Md.He married Margaret Young, of Tuscarora Valley,Pa.,and after her death Sarah E. Malone,of Baltimore,Md.Children : 1.Joseph N.Spangler,Colorado. 2.Mary S.E.,wife of R.M.Hurtt,Patapsco Neck,Md. 3.MarillaJ.,wife of John O.Warfield,Baltimore,Md. 4.Martha Margaret,wife of William J.Hammett,Balti- more,Md. J.JOHN FRANKUN SPANGLER,born March 6,1825, resided in Murfreesboro,Tenn.,when the war began,and joined the Union army in Kentucky,and died at Clear Spring,Washington county,Md.,Feb.8,1864.Children: HENRY—RUDOI.PH—HENRY.131 1.George W.Spangler,San Antonio,Texas. 2.Samuel H.Spangler,Houston,Texas. 3.John Franklin Spangler,Wichita,Kansas. 4.Spangler,Murfreesboro,Tenn. 5.Henry Spangler,Clear Spring,Md. 6.Harry S.Spangler,New Orleans,La. 4.GEORGE WASHINGTON SPANGLER,born October 25,1827,resides at Westernport,Md.He married Catherine Koontz;was a trustee of the vast Hammond Estate in Westernport,Md.,and was one of the pioneers in building up that town;was president of the Board of Commissioners;School Trustee,and one of the incorpor- ators of the Piedmont and Cumberland railroad. The present scribe is indebted to George W.Spangler and his brother Luther Richard Spangler,for valuable information con- cerning the names and history of the descendants of their grand- father,Henrj'Spengler,(son of Rudolph).George Washington Spangler's children are: I.Charles M.Spangler.2.Virginia Spangler. 3.Parker M.Spangler.4.Dr.Wm.H.Spangler. 5.ELIZABETH,wife of FREDERICK W.SCHMIDT,was born December 4,1830,in Williamsport,Md.Children: 1.Mary J.,wife of Henry L.Troup,Long Green,Balti- more county,Md. 2.Joseph P.Schmidt,San Antonio,Texas. 3.William F.Schmidt,Williamsport,Md. 4.George G.Schmidt,Williamsport,Md. 6.MARY SUSAN,wife of JOSEPH PAXTON,born Sep- tember 19,1837,resides at Baltimore,Md.Child : I.Mrs.Rev.Charles E.Simmons,M.E.Church South. 7.LUTHER RICHARD SPANGLER,born September 13, 1839,at Williamsport,Md.Engaged in the Union Se- cret Service during the war,in which he rendered dis- tinguished service.He is now a prominent merchant at Williamsport,Md.He married Martha A.Essman,Feb- ruary 10,1863. 1.George L.Spangler,Williamsport,Md. 2.William F.Spangler,Mt.Union,Pa. 132 HENRY—RUDOI.PH—HENRY. 3.Clara L.Spangler.4.Mary L,.Spangler. 5.Calvin P.Spangler.6.Nora E.Spangler. 7.Martin M.Spangler.8.John S.Spangler. 9.Edward J.Spangler,all of Williamsport,Md. 2.REBECCA,wife ofJOHN HART,Mercersburg,Pa.,bornApril 5,1792,married August 29,1813.She died January 25,1878, and he January 25,1879.Children : 1.HENRY HART,born June 23,1814,married Kate Brick- er,dead. 2.SUSANNAH,wife ofJOHN LIGHTNER,born July 10, 1815,dead. J.JACOB HART,born August 19,1817,dead. 4.GEORGE HART,born October 9,1818,married Rebecca Burgess. 5.CATHERINE HART,born January 5,1821,dead. 6.LYDIA ANN,wife of JOHN GIFT,born May i,1822, dead. 7.CHARLOTTE,wife of FREDERICK C.WAIDLICH, Hardware Merchant,born November 17,1825,married November 30,1847.Children: 1.Ann Rebecca Waidlich,diedJanuary 21,1885. 2.John D.S.Waidlich.3.Mary E.C.Waidlich. 4.Ernst M.H.Waidlich.5.William A.C.Waidlich. 6.Sarah E.Waidlich,dead.7.Ella M.Waidlich. 8.Jennie K.Waidlich.9.Lula G.Waidlich. 8.JOHN POISAL HART,born January 9,1828,married Miss Duncan,dead. p.JAMES SCOTT HART,born April 20,1830,married Jane Waddell. 10.DAVID SHAFFER HART,married Katie Bricker. All born and died at Mercersburg,Pa. 3.LENAH,wife of NATHANIEL SMALL,afterwards married Robert Aspey.She was born July 20,1793.Children,all living in Missouri,are : /.KEZIAH,wife ofJACOB LEWIS.Children : I.Ignatius S.Lewis.2.Robert S.E.Lewis. 3.Lenah M.Lewis.4.Margaret A.Lewis. 5.Henry Spangler Lewis.6.Jacob N.Lewis. HENRY—RUDOLPH—HENRY.133 7.Keziah Lewis.* 2.ROBERT SMAEL.3.ISABEELA ASPEY. 4.NANCY ASPEY.5.ROBERT ASPEY. 6.LYDIA ASPEY. 4.HENRY SPANGLER,bom at Mercersburg,Pa.July 16,1795. Married Mary Aspey,February 11,1830.Children: /.JOHN SPANGLER,dead. 2.ROBERT H.SPANGLER,dead. 3.MARY J.,wife of JOHN WAIDLICH,Mercersburg,Pa. Children : I.Harriet Waidlich.2.Kate Waidlich. 4.ISABELLA G.,wife ofJOHN SEITZINGER,afterwards wife ofNelson Wilson,Mercersburg,Pa.Children : I.John C.Seitzinger,2.Mary E.Seitzinger. 3.Harry S.Seitzinger,4.Jennie M.Seitzinger. J.HENRY SPANGLER.Children : I.Mary Spangler.2.Harry E.Spangler. 3.Harriet R.Spangler.4.John W.Spangler. 5.Helen Spangler.6.Allen Spangler. 7.Louise Spangler. All of Mercersburg,Pa. 6.SUSAN SPANGLER,dead. 7.HARRIET,wife of FREDERICK HEIST,Philadel- phia,Pa. 5.CASSANDRA,wife of HENRY LIGHTNER,Mercersburg, Pa.,born January 9,1797,married March i,1818,by Rev.Robert Cathcart,York,and died June 27,1862.Children: /.REBECCA,wife of R.M.SMALL. 2.JAMES LIGHTNER.3.SUSAN LIGHTNER. 4.JOSEPH LIGHTNER.5.HENRY LIGHTNER. 6.LYDIA,wife of JOHN SMITH. 7.JOHN LIGHTNER.8.IGNATIUS LIGHTNER. 9.MARY E.B.LIGHTNER. 10.ANNA M.C.LIGHTNER. 6.MARGARET,wife of JOHN GUEYER,Mercersburg,Pa., born July 6,1798,now of Howard county,Indiana.Children: 1.HANNAH,wife of BROWN,Kokomo,Indiana. 2.SUSAN,wife of HORATIO WELSH. 134 HENRY—RUDOLPH—HENRY. J.DOROTHY GUEYER..4.VESPASIAN GUEYER. 5.GERMANICUS GUEYER. 7.CATHERINE,wife of JAMES WILKINS,born January 16, 1800.Children: /.CATHERINE M.,wife of EDWARD AUGHENBAUGH, Chambersburg,Pa. 2.MARGARET C,wife of MICHAEE FALLON,Mercers- burg,Pa. J.FLORENTINE F.WILKINS. 4.MARY B.wife of HENRY B.KUFFMAN,Bedford county,Pa. 5.WILLIAM H.WILKINS,Cumberland,Md. 6.SUSAN L.,wife of JOHN GROVE,Mercersburg,Pa. 7.GEORGE W.WILKINS,Mercersburg,Pa. 8.JANE M.,wife of WILLIAM L.HAYDEN,Philadel- phia,Pa. 8.CHARLOTTE,wife of HENRY DELEBAUGH,born August 19,1801.Both dead and without issue. 9.NATHANIEL SPANGLER,born December 19,1802,at Mer- cersburg,Pa.Married Sarah Scott,who was born September 8, 1806.They afterwards moved to Indiana.Children: /.LENAH SPANGLER.2.JOHN SPANGLER. J.MARY ANN SPANGLER.4.WILLIAM SPANGLER. 5.HENRY SPANGLER. 6.NATHANIEL SPANGLER. 7.MARTIN SPANGLER. 8.EMANUEL SPANGLER.9.SUSAN SPANGLER. 10.ISAAC NEWTON SPANGLER. //.GEORGE SPANGLER.12.SYDNEY SPANGLER. Tj.GRACE SPANGLER. //.THOMAS GRACE SPANGLER. 10.SUSANNAH,wife of SAMUEL POLSGROVE,born April 11.1805,married June,1825.She is still living at Mercersburg, Pa.,Aged 89 years.Children: /.HENRY POLSGROVE,Mercersburg,Pa.Children : I.Thomas Polsgrove.2.John Polsgrove. 3.Elmer Polsgrove,Colorado,and four daughtersof Mer- cersburg,Pa. HENRY—RUDOI.PH—HENRY.135 2.MARY,wife of Rev.T.T.IAEGER,Reading,Pa.Chil- dren : I.Anna Snyder.2.Marj-laeger.3.Nora laeger. 3.HANNAH,wife of Rev.M.A.STEWART,Durango, Colorado.Children : I.Wilberforce Stewart.2.Cecil Stewart. 3.John Stewart. 11.JOHN SPANGLER,bom at Mercersburg,Pa..March 29,1807, married Eliza Keyser,moved to Trough Creek \'alley,Hunting- don county,Pa.,in 1S51,where he is still living.Children : 1.HENRIETTA M.,wife of JOHN PIPER.Children: 1.Harriet A.,wife of Luther Flanigan,Altoona,Pa. 2.Jennie P.Piper.3.Luther M.Piper. 2.WILLIAM H.SPANGLER.Children : 1.Laura E.,wife of William Hoke,McConnellsburg,Pa. 2.John B.Spangler.3.Henry E.Spangler. 4.Mary O.Spangler. 5.Bruce W.Spangler,Defiance,Pa. 3.SARAH L.,wife of WILLIAM HUDSON.Children : I.Mary Hudson.2.Richard Hudson. 3.May Hudson.4.Charles Hudson. /.SUSAN B.SPANGLER. 5.MARY E.,wife of CHARLES STAPLETON.Children: I.Lillian P.Stapleton.2.Harriet L.Stapleton. 3.Ella Stapleton.4.Edna Stapleton: 5.Howard Stapleton.6.Mitchell Stapleton. 6.GEORGE W.SPANGLER. 7.JOHN A.SPANGLER.Children : I.Charles Spangler.2.Nellie B.Spangler. 3.Maud E.Spangler.4.Franklin Spangler. 5.Lee Spangler.6.Gertrude Spangler. 8.ADA V.SPANGLER. 9.HARRIET H.,wife of DOSCH WOODS. 10.LYDIA A.,wife ofJAMES COOK. 12.HANNAH,wife of JOHN R.BLACK,born July 30,1810, and died August 14,1894.Moved to Indiana.Children : /.CALVIN P.BLACK.2.JOHN S.BLACK. 3.HENRY C.BLACK.4.ELIZABETH C.BLACK. 136 HENRY—RUDOLPH—ELIZABETH. J.SUSAN M.BLACK. 13.LYDIASPANGLER,born July 26,1813,still living at Mer- cersburg,Pa. iL ELIZABETH,wife of PETER STREBER. (Daughter of Henry Spangler,son of Rudolph). Married December 26,1782.Elizabeth died September 18, 1823,and Peter in 1814.Mr.Streber was a carpenter and con- tractor,and was in Captain Wm.Bailey's Company in the war of the Revolution.Children : 1.ELIZABETH,wife of DANIEL IMMEL,born October i,1783, and died in York,November 8,1862.Daniel Immel died June i, 1810,aged 28 years.Children : /.JOHN IMMEL,York,married Mary Mull October 8,1835, died in 1865.Children : 1.John Immel. 2.Alexander Immel.Children : I.Annie K.Immel.2.Carrie M.Immel. 3.Flora Immel.4.Mabel Immel. 5.John M.Immel.6.Miriam Immel. 3.Delilah,wife ofWashington Striebig.Children : I.John J.Striebig.2.Elenora Striebig. 3.George D.Striebig.4.Eliza A.Striebig. 5.Mary Striebig.6.Edward Striebig. 4.Annie E.,wife of Frank W.Keech.Children : I.John I.Keech.2.Edith Keech. 3.Robert R.Keech.4.Morgan S.Keech. 5.Leonard H.Keech.6.Walter F.Keech. 7.Nevin H.Keech.8.Ralph H.Keech. 5.Amanda,wife ofJohn H.Horn,Steelton,Pa. 2.ALEXANDER IMMEL,York,born September,3,1809, died October i,1855.Children: 1.Jordan Immel. 2.Sarah,wife of Cyrus F.Horn.Children : 1.Ida,wife of H.H.Martin,Nebraska. 2.John Horn,dead.3.Cyrus Horn. HENRY--RUDOI.PH—ELIZABETH.137 3.Hannah,wife of A.W.Immel,York.Child : I.Ralph W.Immel. 4.Daniel B.Immel,born Oct.,1841,died Jan.5,1890. 5.Maria Dorothy Immel,died July 17,1887. J.DANIEL IMMEL,York,bom December 24,1810,died September 24,1884,married Susan Weiser October 6, 1835,who died April 8,1847.Mr.Immel afterwards married Anna Peiffer,who died Dec.6,1892.Children : 1.A.W.Immel. 2.Catherine,wife of Jordan Immel. By second wife: 3.George Immel.Children: I.Harry D.Immel.2.Robert H.Immel. 3.Mary A.Immel. 4.Flora Immel,York. 2.JACOB STREBER,York,bom November 15,1785,died in 1866.Children: /.CATHERINE,wife of JACOB A.GUARD,York. 2.MARY A.,York,wife of SCOTT CRONE,deceased. 3.WILLIAM STREBER,York,deceased.Children : /.ELIZABETH STRABER. 2.WILLIAM STRABER.Children : I.Annie Straber.2.Margie Straber. 3.ANNIE STRABER. 4.EDWARD STRABER,York. 4.CATHERINE STRABER,York. 5.SUSANNA,wife of ADAM LEITNER,died October 29,1817. No issue. (3) BALTZER SPENGLER. JOHANN BALTHASAR (Baltzer)SPENGLER wasthe elev- enth child of Hans Rudolf Spengler'and was born No- vember 29,1706,at Weyler under Steinsberg,District of Hilsbach,in the Palatinate on the Rhine,now in Baden. He married at Wejder,Magdalena Ritter April 29,1732.He and his wife and brother,Hans George and Jorg Henrich,and their wives sailed from Rotterdam,Holland,in the Ship Pleasant,J. Morris,Master,and arrived in Philadelphia,October,1732,and qualified the nth of that month." Settlement at York. After his arrival in this section in 1732,he purchased for £t,o a tractof200acres of land,nearly all virgin forest,one mile east ofthe Codorus Creek in "Springettsbury Manor,"from Tobias Frey who acquired the samebysettlement andimprovement.Otherlands ad- jacent were acquired by Baltzer Spengler by purchase,so that he had patented to him February 24,1763,four hundred and eighty seven acres in York township.This tract extended southward from the Peachbottom Road,now the Plank Road,at its intersec- tion with the first run,a large portion of which was afterwards known as the "Baumgardner Farm."Some of this land was sold by Baltzer Spengler in his lifetime,and after his death,the title to the remainder became vested in his sons George and John,and afterwards in Sheriff Zachariah Spangler,a son ofJohn.A large portion has been annexed to the City of York on the southeast. Baltzer afterwards acquired by purchase other lands in the same vicinity,one tract having been designated in the patent issued therefor,April 19,1768,as "Spengler's Recovery." BALTZER SPENGLER.139 The Early Homestead. Baltzer Spengler built on the Frey tract his first house west of the first run about loo yards south of the present Plank Road. It was still standing in 1799.Lewis Miller,in his Chronicles, gives a rude picture of it.It was a one and a half story substan- tial log house with a chimney projecting from the centre of the the roof Baltzer Spengler is depicted crossing the runwith a gun on his shoulder,with male figures—presumably intended for In- dians—near the house.Tradition says,that two of Baltzer's sons got into an altercation with some Indians,and the latter being worsted,swore vengeance.They held the father responsible,and he was compelled to seek refuge in a cave where his wife clan- destinely carried to him provisions for three days. Mrs.Sarah E.Paul,a great-granddaughter of Baltzer Spengler, of Alton,Illinois,in a letter to the present scribe,says : "According to the tradition in our family three orfour Spengler brothers came to this country.They felled a large tree,excavated thestump which served as a repository for money and other valuables,the covered top answered the purpose of the table which occupied the centre of their rustichome,presumablyerected of logsobtained from the same tree. "Ihave in my possessionapewterplate designed and manufacturedbysome of the Spangler ancestry bearing date 1740.In centreof platethe letters,J.H.S., are engraved,around which isawreath.Outsidethe wreath are fourimplements used in a blacksmith shop—horse shoe,anvil,pincers and hammer,then the date 1740—the rimofthe plate is finished tastily." This plate evidently belonged to Jorg Heinrich (Henry)Speng- ler,a brother of Mrs.Paul's great-grandfather,Baltzer Spengler. Baltzer's primitive structure was in the midst of stately oaks,and directly east of the run was the famous "Rock Spring,"or "Speng- ler's Spring,"which furnished to him a bountiful supply of cold and limpid water.This spring was walled in with heavy blocks of stone,still there,and seventy years ago and upwards was a famous pic-nic resort for civic and military organizations.It is at the foot of an ancient and solitary willow tree along the east side of this run about 100 yards south of the Plank Road. In the year 1760,Baltzer built a large two story brick mansion near the first site,which is still standing,opposite the first toll gate on the Plank Road.It was in its day considered one of the most spacious,substantial and elegant structures in this vicinity. 140 BALTZER SPENGI.ER. The large backbuilding annexed to the house no longer exists. Two enormous locust trees adorn its front,and appearto have been planted at its construction.The mansion after 136 years of battle against the elements,shows painful evidence of decay and dilapi- dation,but is still tenanted.Baltzer Spengler's numerous and wealthy descendants would be performing only a pious duty by purchasing it to prevent its demolition,and preserving it as an ancestral shrine.Future generations of the line will certainly censure them if they do not. The Laying Out of York,1741. Although there were many inhabitants in this section in 1740, yet so late as that 3'ear there was not one building within the lim- its of the town of York as laid out a year later.The tract ofland on both sides of the Codorus creek—"where the Monocacy road crosses that stream"—within the Manor of Springettsbury,upon which the town of York was to be laid out and built,was by special order and direction of the proprietaries surveyed by Thomas Cookson,the deputy surveyor of Lancaster county,(York county having been created out of Lancaster in 1749,)in the month of October,1741 The part east of the Codorus was immediately laid out into squares,after the manner of Philadelphia.The squares were 480 feet wide and 520 feet long,and the lots 65 by 230.The first ap- plication or entry of names for lots in Yorktown was in Novem- ber,1741.In that month 23 lots were taken up,and among the applicants was Baltzer Spengler,who selected lot No.70,65 by 230 feet,it being the northwest corner of Centre Square and High, now Market,street,and now owned by William H.and John C. Jordan,and Jacob Stair. One of the usual conditions was,"that the applicant build upon the lot,at his own proper cost,one substantial dwelling-house,of the dimensions of sixteen feet square at least,with a good chimney of brick or stone to be laid in or built with lime or sand,within the space of one year from the time of his entry upon the same." A continual rent was to be paid to the proprietors,Thomas Penn and Richard Penn,sons of William Penn,deceased,for every lot taken up.This was a yearly rent of seven shillings sterling BAI.TZER SPENGLER.141 money of Great Britain,"or the value thereof in coin current,ac- cording as the exchange should be between the Province and the City of London."Besides this,the lot was held "in free and common socage,by fealty only in lieu of all other services." When the applicant had built or in some cases had begun to build,he received,if he so wished a patent.But this patent most explicitly stated the conditions;and if these conditions were not fulfilled,he was deprived of his lot,and it was granted to some one else.The early settling of Yorktown was one continual scene of disturbance and contention;there were warring rights and clashing tenants owing to the contentions for the same lot,and forfeitures by not fulfilling the conditions prescribed.* The Election Riot,1749. The Gennans were at first denied civil rights,but whenacquired they knew how to maintain them.They allowed no "shenani- gan,"and when the Irish made the attempt to deny them the un- molested right ofsuffrage,they resisted the interference in a man- ner quite unexpected. The first election was held in Yorktown in 1749 at the house owned by Baltzer Spengler in which he afterwards kept an inn. The building was of logs and not quite finished,and through an opening at one end the tickets were received.For sheriflf the two prominent candidates,Hans Hamilton and Richard McAlister, were before the people. In the cool of the morning all was quiet,but as the sun warmed the voters,they grew in ardor for action.Hamilton,the Irish candidate,was from the upper end,now Adams county.McAlis- ter was the favorite of the "Dutch".The Germans,as they were wont,without much ado,worked well for their candidate,evi- dently gaining upon their competitors;this vexed the "ireful friends"of Hamilton.Two or three stout Hibernians—boxers,as they were called—took possession of the opening through the logs, where the tickets were received,determined that none but their friends should enjoy the right of voting.A stout German,equally determined to enjoy his sacred rights,without yielding an inch, went to the place of voting and tripped up the heels of the Irish 'App.Note 24. 142 BALTZER SPENGLER. bullies,whicli eventuated in an affray.The standing saplings, wliich were near at hand,were soon torn down and cut from the ground,and used as offensive and defensive weapons,and blows pro- miscuously dealt out.The Irish were routed and put to flight; and to escape full merited chastisement,fled beyond the Codorus, and for their lives dared not show themselves,the remaining part of the day,east ofthe Codorus.No lives were lost—a few limbs were broken and some blood spilt. The Germans then voted immediately,and elected McAlister by an overwhelming majority.But in this instance,James Hamilton, Deputy Governor,as it were to gratify the Irish party,disregarded the people's will,exercised the executive power,and commissioned Hans Hamilton sheriff for one year.The Germans determined to have revenge at the election the following year,1750.The past had not been forgotten.Representatives to the State Assembly were voted for,and a large party of Germans drove the people from the election grounds.The Sheriff,Hamilton,left the box and went to speak to them,but was knocked down with others.' Baltzer Spengler a Prominent Church Member. The German Reformed Congregation is one of the most ancient religious associations in this county,and Baltzer Spengler was one of its most prominent and influential members.The exact year when the congregation was first formed is not known;but it had existed for some years before it was blessed with the instructions of a stated teacher.Prior to its organization,in 1742,the mem- bers worshiped with the Lutheran Congregation.' On August 12,1744,the elders of the Reformed Church called Rev.Jacob Lischy.Upon his retirement the thoughts of the con- gregation were finally directed to the Rev.Johann Conrad Wirtz, of Bern,Switzerland,who was then pastor in New Jersey.The congregation sent him a letter by the hands of Baltzer Spengler, desiring him to come to York,and preach a few sermons with the expectation that he might become their clergyman.He received the letter on the 21st of August,1761,and on the 30th he left NewJersey in company with Baltzer Spengler for York. App.Note25. 2App.Note25J4. BALTZER SPENGLER'S FIRST HOUSE,BUILT IN 1733. r BALTZER SPENGLER.143 Lewis Miller's Family Tradition. Lewis Miller,an amateur painter of scenes and events of York seventy or eighty years ago,and a chronicler oflocal history,has in one of his records the following : "The first settler,a mile from York,was old Baltzer Spengler:he took up a large tract of land (had foursons,the eldest,George,camewith his father from Germany),and built a small house this sideofthe run.I saw the ruins of it iu my time not far from Rock Spring.His sons,George andJohn,kept the land, Rudolph and (young)Baltzer were in town.When William and Richard Penn laid out the town ofYork,they were atthe old houseofBaltzerSpengler,and gave Mrs.Spengler a pound of tea to make for supper,andshe,never having seentea before,took it for greens,and put it in a small kettle and boiled it with bacon. At that time there were Indians about,and came to Spengler's for some whiskey. Spengler had a small still which he brought from Germany." Mr.Miller erred as to the visit here,1741,of Wm.Penn,who died in 1718.It was Thomas and Richard Penn who brought the "greens." The portion of this story relating to the tea is evidently apocry- phal.Tea,in the beginning of the eighteenth century,was very rare and costly and not in general use ;but as Mr.and Mrs.Speng- ler were both educated and intelligent,they certainly must have known of it,and even if they did not,Mrs.Spengler could not have mistaken tea for "greens,"as shriveled marketable tea is rad- ically different in appearance. Tradition tells another story of Mrs.Spengler.Upon the ar- rival of an unexpected visitor for dinner,she apologized for not having a dish of redbeets on the table,an esculent that must have been highly appreciated,at least by her,in those days. The now indispensable potato was then little known and less prized,and was confined to the gardens of botanists and the curi- ous.An English writer of the period said :"I do not hear that the potato has yet been essayed,whether they may not be propa- gated in great quantities for the use of swine and other cattle." As late as seventy years ago the now much esteemed tomato was considered a non-edible fruit,and was known as the "Love Apple,"and only used for mantel ornaments. Baltzer Spengler was one of the earliest distillers in this section. As stated by Mr.Miller,he brought a small still with him from Germany.He subsequently enlarged the capacity of his distillery. 144 BALTZER SPENGIvER. Distilling was an important industry among the farmers of York county many years ago.' Baltzer Spengler's Death. Baltzer Spengler died in the year 1770,aged 64 years.He was born March 29,1706 instead of 1705,as he supposed.His widow Magdalena died in 1784.Their administration accounts were duly filed.^' The remains of both were interred in the old German Reformed church graveyard,and upon it abandonment,removed to Prospect Hill Cemetery.On his gravestone is inscribed the following: HIER RUHET DER SELIGE STAUB BALTZER SPENGLER.1ST GEBOREN 1705,1ST DEM HERRN ENTSCHLAFEN 1770.Der 23 Pst: "Der Herr ist mein Hirt;mir wird nichts mangeln. Er weidet mich auf einer griinen Aue,und fiihret mich zum frischen Wasser. Er erquicket meine Seele,er fiihret mich auf rechter Strasse, um seines Namens willen." (TRANSLATION.) "HERE RESTS " THE DUST OF THE SAINTED BALTZER SPENGLER BORN 1705,FELL ASLEEP IN THE LORD 1770:THE 23rd PSALM: The Lord's my Shepherd,I'll not want. He makes me down to lie In pastures green;he leadeth me The quiet waters by. My soul he doth restore again. And me to walk doth make Within the paths of righteousness, Ev'n for his own name's sake. ^App.Note 26. 2App.Note27. BALTZER SPENGI.ER.145 The will of Baltzer Spengler is dated October 9,1770.The first codicil is of the same date,and the second was executed Octo- ber 17,1770.All were probated in the Register's office Decem- ber 3,1770.He was of orthodox faith,and believed that "all flesh is as grass,and the goodlings thereof as the flowers of the field,and remembering what the Lord said unto Hezekiah,Set thy house in order for thee must die and not live." Will of Baltzer Spengler. IN THE NAME OF GOD AMEN,—I BaltzerSpengler ofYork Township in the County of York,and Province of Pennsylvania,Yoeman,beingSick and weak of body,but of sound and disposing mind,memory and understanding,blessed be the Lord for the same,and calling unto mind that all flesh isasgrass and the goodlings thereof as the flowers ofthe fieldand remembering what the Lord said unto Hezekiah,"Set thy houseinorder for thee mustdie and notlive,"have this ninth day of October,In the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy,made and ordained this my last will and testament in the mannerand form following, — In the first place I recommend my immortalsoul unto the hands of Almighty God my creator who gave it,trusting in the merits ofmy ever blessed Saviourand RedeemerJesus Christ forpardonand remission ofall my sins and a happy admis- sion into the regionsof blissand immortality,—and formy body I recommend it to the earth,to be decently buried at the discretion of my executors hereafter mentioned,nothing doubting but I shallreceive thesame by the Almighty Power of God,and as touching such worldly estatewherewith it hathpleased the .\lraighty God to bless me with in this life,I give devise and bequeathand dispose ofthe same inthe following manner and form, — Item I.—My will is that all my just debtsand funeral chargesbe paidoffand dischargedassoonasconvenientlymay beafter mydecease by my executors within after named. Item II.—I give and bequeath unto mydearly beloved wife MagdalenaSpengler the Cloalhs pressand all thelinnen and sheeting andreadymoney in the house at thetime ofmy decease,together with two feather beds and furniture as they now stand,a tea kettle and tea furniture,two pewterbasons twopewter dishes,six pew- ter plates,one pewter porringer,one pewter Quart measure,one dozen pewter Spoons,Onesmall walnut oval Table,four chairs.Two delfbowls,two small Iron pots,one iron ladle,one iron skimmer,one large copper ladle fordipping water, one iron pott-rack,the copperkettle,one spinning wheel and Reel,the clock and cease,one looking glass,one small walnut box,the close stool chair,alarge iron pan with feet,onesmall washingtub,onebucket,one pail,one brass bucket,one glasslantern,twoquartbottles,a Psalm book and two Prayer books,one grid iron, onegardenhoe,two cowsofherown choice,the big roanmare,saddle and bridle, the negroman Jacob and the negro woman Fanny,herchoice of four sheep andof two bee hivesand oftwo hogs.Mywill is that my said dearly beloved wife shall havethe produceofmydwelling plantation and all that thereon is for one full year aftermy deceaseand that sheshall also have the new kitchen cupboard. Item III.—I give devise and bequeath unto myeldest son George Spengler the 146 BAI.TZER SPENGIvER. plantation and tract ofland whereon he now'lives being partof my original tract as the same is now laid out containing onehundred andtwentyacres,or there abouts,he paying thereout to my executors hereafter named,the sum oftwenty- five pounds,lawful money of Ta.,to hold to him my said son George Spengler his heirs and assigns forever,which sum of twenty-five pounds I order to be paid in a year after my decease. Item IV.—I give devise and bequeath unto my son Baltzer Spengler the house andpart ofthe lot whereon he now resides situatedon the north side of HighStreet in York-town extending back the weadth of his buildings forty feet and then the whole lott to be equally divided between him my said Son Baltzerand his brother Daniel by an eight foot alley to be Run throughthe remainder to the twenty foot alley at the north end of said lott,to hold to him my said son Baltzer,his heirsand assigns forever,and I alsogive and bequeath unto him my said sonBaltzer the sum of twenty pounds lawful money ofthe province aforesaid. Item V.—I give and bequeath unto my son Michael Spengler the sum of fifteen pounds lawful money of Pennsylvania to be paid on hisorder yearly and every yeardujing his naturallife,to be paidbymy sonJohnas isherein-aftermentioned Item VI.—I give devise and bequeath unto my son Rudy Spenglerthehouseand lott he now lives on,situate and being in High StreetYork-town aforesaid No.Ii8 adjoining the lott ofPeter Uley deceased and William Matthews,to hold to him my said son Rudy Spengler his heirsassigns forever,he payingthereoutto mysaid hereinafter named Executors the sum of fifty pounds lawful money of Pa.,the sum of twenty-five pounds in one year after my decease and the remainingtwenty five pounds in the nest year following. Item VII.—I also give and devise untomy said son Rudolf Spengleracertain small piece of land containing oneacre and a halfmore or less as the same isnow fencedadjoining the town land and land ofMy son Baltzer to hold to him my son Rudolfhisheirs and assigns forever. Item VIII.—I give devise and bequeath unto myson Daniel Spengler the house and part ofa lottofground he nowlives on situate on the north side ofhigh street in Yorktown aforesaid,adjoining the house and ground bequeathed to my son Baltzer the half lot to contain the width of the dwellindhouse and to be equally dividedoffthe said Baltzer's partby an eight foot alleyatthe north endofthe said IX)tt towards high street aforesaid one hundred and seventy three feet the extent of which distance I allow to be themiddle ofanothereight foot alley tolead into the public square of York for the use and convenience of my said son Baltzer Spengler his heirs andassignsforever. Item IX.—I also give devise and bequeath untomy saidson Daniel Spenglera small piece of land of my original tract adjoining my son Baltzer Spengler and land hereafter bequeathed to Francis Koontzcontaining one acre and ahalfmore or less as thesame is now fenced to hold to him my said Son Daniel Spengler his heirs and assigns forever and I also bequeath him my said son the sum oftwenty pounds lawful moneyof Pennsylvania, Item X.—I give devise and bequeath unto my sonJohnSpengler the dwelling plantation on which I now live with its appurtinancesituate in the townshipafore- said adjoining thelands of James Smith,Frances Bickle,Geo.Stevenson,Conrad Holsbaum,Geo.Spengler and containing two hundred and twenty five acres to hold to him my said sonJohn his heirs andassigns forever.Upon condition that he provides for his mother My dearly beloved wife twenty bushels wheat twenty BAIvTZER SPENGLER.147 bushels R3'e twenty five bushels of Oats,fifty pounds of hackled hemp onehun- dred poundsbeef,one hundredand fifty pounds of pork her choice of fourrows of apple trees,yearly and every year during her natural life,and allow her to live in my dwelling house as long as she thinks properand ifshe should not choose to dwell with him he shall build her a good and sufficient dwelling house uponsuch part ofmy said plantation as sheshall chooseat herrequittal andshallalsodeliver her sufficient fire wood at her door and that he my said sonJohn shall payunto my son Michael Spengler beforenamed the sum offifteenpounds lawful money of Pa,Yearly and every year during the term of hismy saidson Michael's lifeand the sum of twohundred and seventy five pounds lawful money aforesaid in manner following Viz.twenty five poundsthereofon the decease ofmy beloved wife Mag- dalena and the sum oftwo hundred and fiftj'pounds the remainderthereofat the decease of my said son Michael Spengler.which said sum oftwo hundred and seventy five pounds I orderand direct to be equallydivided amongall mychildren the children of my daughterJuliana only excepted. Item XI.—It is my will and I do orderthat not-withstanding the above request to my said sonJohn That shouldhemy saidsonJohn depart this life without law- ful issue of his body and hepossessed ofthe land above bequeathed thenand in such case the said landsto him bequeathed shall become the property and right of all my children except the children ofmy aforesaid daughterJulia. Item XII.—I also give and bequeath unto my said sonJohn Spengler the new Wagon and gears,the horse called Pinner and the youngroan two of theplows andharrows a logchain two collars and two pairsofiron traces. Item XIII.—I give and bequeath unto my grand children Born of thebody of my daughter Juliana deceased Viz,—Frederick,Magdalena,Hannah,John,and Elizabeth Bickle the sum of ten pounds Lawful money ofPennsylvania cash to be paid them asthey arriveto the ageoftwentyone years, — Item XIV.—I give and bequeath unto my daughter Elizabeth now the wife of Francis Koontz the sum of two hundred pounds Lawful moneyof Pennsylvania to be paid her by my Executors in mauner following Viz,—The sum of fifty pounds part thereof in one year after my decease and the sum offifty pounds yearlyuntil the whole sum ispaid,— • Item XV.—Igive devise andbequeath unto my saiddaughter Elizabeth Koontz a small piece ofland part ofmyoriginaltract containingone acre and a halfmore or lessasthe same is now laid outand fencedtohold to hermysaid daughter Eliz- abeth her husband and assigns forever. Nowall therest and residueand Remainderofmy Estate Real andpersonal not hereinbeforedisposed of I order and direct the same to be equally divided to and amongst all my children excepting thereout the childrenofrayaforesaid Daughter Juliana. And lastly I dohereby nominate constituteand appoint my Son Baltzer Spengler and mytrusty and well beloved friend MichaelSwoope Esquire,myonly and sole Executors ofthis my last will and testament hereby ratifyingand confirming this and no otherto be andcontain mylast will and testament In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal theday and year first mentioned. BALTZER SPENGLER [seal] Signed sealed Published andPronouncedanddeclared bythe saidtestator Baltzer Spengler as andfor his last will and testament who in his presence and at his re- questsign our own names as witnesses tothe same,(Yearly and every yearduring 148 BAI.TZER SPENGI.ER. her natural life being first interlined),George Weller Michael Kohn Christopher Lauman Joseph Bond. Codicil No.i. Be it remembered that on the dayofthe date hereof,I the above named Baltzer Spengler do will orderand directmy said John Spengler to feedand find and pro- vide the cows,maresand sheep bequeathed to his mother with good and sufficient fother during her natural life andasthiswas omitted in the foregoing will I have thoughtfit to place it in thiscodicil.BALTZER SPENGLER [seal] Sealed signed published and pronounced by the testator as a codicil to his last will andtestameat in our presence.George Weller Michael Kohn Christopher Lauman and Thos.Bond. Codicil No.2. Be it remembered that on the seventeenth day ofOctober 1770 I Baltzer Spengler the testatorwithin named do hereby empower authorize and direct my executors in my last will and testament named (to wit)BaltzerSpengler Jr.my Sou and Mi- chael Swoope Esquire,or any or either ofthem to make and execute and deliver deeds and otherproper conveyances in fee to my several children for the sev- eral houses,lots and lands which have in mysaid will bequeathed to them and also to make execute and deliver a conveyance or conveyances in fee tosuch other personsor person as Iam by articles of agreement or otherwise obliged to do and execute forlands sold them as fully and to so good intent and purposeas if myself were personally present and I do order and direct that all my clothing shall be given to my said Son Michael by my Executors,atany reasonable time after my decease,together with afeather bed he now lays on. his BALTZER X SPENGLER [seal] mark Signed sealed published pronounced and delivered by the said Baltzer Spengler as and for a codicil tohislast will and testamentin thepresenceofus George Wel- ler Michael Hahn Thos.Bonde and Christopher Lauman. YORK CO.S.S.: Before Samuel Johnston Esq.Deputy Register forthe probate of Willsand grant- ing letters of Administration in and for the Co.ofYorkinthe Province ofPennsyl- vania Personall}'appeared Geo.Weller,Michael Hahn,Joseph Boude and Chris- topher Lauman the four subscribing witnessesto the foregoingthreeseveral instru- mentsofwriting,and thesaid witnesses on theirsolemn oaths respectfully taken according to Law and thesaid George Weller on his solemnaffirmation taken ac- cording to law according to acts of parliament thebeingofthe people called Unitis Fratrum and conscientiously scrupling thetakingofan oath do severally say that they were personally present and saw and heard thesaid Baltzer Spengler sign sealpublish anddeliverthe three foregoing instruments ofwriting list mentioned and as and forthecodicilstohissaidlastwillandtestamentandthatall thetimewhen thesaid Baltzer Spenglerexecuted the said several instruments ofwritingin man- neraforesaid he wasofsound and disposing mind and memoryand further that the said deponents and affirmants subscribed their names toeach ofthe said instru- BAIvTZER SPENGLER.149 ments ofwriting respectfully as witnesses to the same in the presence of the said testator and athisrequest,sworn and affirmed and subscribed before me at York this 3 day ofDecember 1770.SAML.JOHNSTON Deputy Register. GEO.WELLER. MICH'L HAHN. Finis.JOS.BONDE. christopher lauman. Inventory of Personal Estate. In the very long inventory of the testator's personal estate filed are the subjoined items.The individual who clerked the inven- tory-was a reckless emasculator of the King's English,for his spelling is both unique and picturesque.It must be remembered, however,that the community was then intensely German,and too much must not be expected. Items Found in the Inventory. a new gun in dispute,Wooling and Spinning Wheels,A pair of Hillirs,Bee Basket and Hops Two Kratles and a Scythe,Heckled Hemp,Still and all theulen- tials,Seven Sickles,Ten yards of Foold Lindsey,Stripet Linnen,Hand Skrew, Sour Krout and tup.Bred Baskets,Four Pewter Bassons,Hogshead ofcider.Fry- ing Pann,Thirteen Pewter Plates,Small Jugg,One Pewter Tankert,20 Gallonsof Apple Ligquer Pewter cupsand Copper Pott and Kittles,10 Barrels of Rei Whisky, Canttle sticks,Ireon Stands,18 yards baggon,Cofy Jlill,pair EndIreons,Kroe Barr,Parsel of Pattatos and Cabitch Heads,Bench,Hogs fat in the Penn and Shouts,An Ats,One Bed and Bedstead with the Curttins as it stands. Negroe man Jacob 75 pounds. NegroeWoomen Teamar 20 pounds. The account of the Executors was filed December 12,1772,in which they charged themselves with the estate,not devised, amounting to /'1040,19.,7}4d.^ The account of the estate of ]\Iagdalena Spengler,widow of Baltzer Spengler,Sr.,deceased,was filed November 16,1785.^ Baltzer Spengler's Children : 1.George Spengler. 2.Baltzer Spengler. 3.Daniel Spengler. 4.Michael Spengler. 5.Rudolf Spengler. 6.John Spengler. 7.Elizabeth,wife of Francis Koontz. 8.Juliana,wife of Francis Bickle. 'App.Note27. *App.Note28. I.GEORGE SPENGLER, (Son of Baltzer,Sr.) Was born in the Rhenish Palatinate,now in Baden,March 20, 1732,and died October 2,1810,aged 78-6-13. Anna Maria his wife,was born January 3,1735,and died Jan- uary 22,1803.George Spengler occupied until his death the large brick house on the Plank Road,near York,erected by his father in 1760. Early Horse Races in York. The Spenglers in the early days were great sportsmen and kept race horses of the first-class.Lewis Miller in his chronicles has the following : Race Ground 1804. "Old race ground,it was from the Peachbottom road outSouth,(now thePlank Road).Spengler's gray horse won every race very easily by more than two lengths,without being headed:the excitement was immense after runningthe horses;see the number:i.William Spengler's grayhorse,2.George Spengler, 3.MichaelEdwards,4.Zachariah Spengler,5.Old Grandfather GeorgeSpengler. This race was in 1804." George Spengler was a son of George,Sr.,and William and Zachariah Spengler were sons ofJohn Spengler,son of Baltzer,Sr. In the large races in those days horses were entered from Mary- land and Virginia.Theatrical entertainments were given in the old Court House.^ George Spengler's Children: 1.Col.George Spangler. 2.John Spangler. 3.Magdalena,wife of Adam Wolf. 4.Anna Maria Spangler. 5.Mary,wife of Wm.McClean. lApp.Note 29. BALTZER—GEORGE—GEORGE. I.Col.GEORGE SPANGLER, ^^^^^^va^^-^/^ Was born February 24,1759,baptized March 18,1759,died October 21,1831.His wife was Sarah McCandless. The Philadelphia Committee of Safety,under date ofJuly 10, 1776,directed that an order be drawn on John Nixon,Esq.,and others,the Committee of Accounts,in favor of George Spangler for ten pounds,for defraying the expenses of Capt.Campbell's men discharged from confinement and ordered to York Town which is directed to be charged to his account. Resolved,"George Spangler conduct the Prisoners of War from this City to York Town,there to be stationed underthe care ofthe Committee of that Town." At the instance of the same Council of Safety on September 18, 1777,"An order was drawn on David Ritteuhouse,Esq.,Treasurer of the State,in favor of George Spangler for the sumof six pounds and tenshillings,for his services riding expresson public business." In 1775 George Spangler was a member of Capt.George Eich- elberger's Company,and in 1776 was lyieutenant of the Second Company,Third Battalion,York County Militia,'and marched with his battalion the same year to NewJersey to form the Flying Camp.- At the first Democratic meeting held in York,1799,at Furry's tavern on East Market street,the chairman was Col.George Spang- ler,at which was buried at a mock funeral the "Black Cockade of Federalism." He was Lieut.Colonel of the 113th Regiment York County Mi- litia in 1801.The militia camp on the Commons in York,1814, numbered 6,000,and came from Lancaster,Dauphin and Lebanon counties,and one company from Bucks county.They were ren- dezvoused here to be in readiness to repel the British attack on Baltimore.He was a member of the State assembly 1803,1804, 1805,1808 and 1809;Notary Public and County Treasurer 1814 to 1817;Director of the Poor 1813,1815,1817 and 1818.In 1817 lApp.Note 34. 2App.Note 14. 152 BAIvTZER-GEORGE—GEORGE. he was one of the Marshalls in the parade given in honor of Gov- ernor-elect William Findlay. In 1816 the Laurel Fire Company was re-organized."Colonel George Spangler,at whose house the meeting was held,became President."Among the other members of the Company at that time were:William Spangler,George Small,Peter Small,Henry Small,Thomas Baumgardner and Jacob Spangler.He kept tavern at the large brick Spangler mansion on the Plank Road,still stand- ing,opposite the first toll gate.He also built the Washington House (on the present site of the Small building)on East Market street,for half a century the leading hotel in York.Daniel Web- ster,Henry Clay,President Zachary Taylor and Andrew Johnson addressed the multitude from the balcony.The latter was accom- panied by General Grant and Admiral Farragut ;York having been on the route of the President's famous "swing around the circle".He was on the committee to arrange for the reception of Gen.Lafayette,in York,in 1825. Coi..George Spangler's Death. From the York Republican ofOctoberzi,1S31: "Departed this transitory life,on Friday morning last,Col GEORGE Spangler, in the 73d yearofhisage.He lingered with a pulmonary consumption,for better than 14 months but he bore his pain and suffering with fortitude and christian resignation. ''Col.Spanglerwas oneofthe fewyetremaining patriotsof'76.He represented this county in the Legislature ofthis State for seven or eight years,where he was attentive to his duties,and faithful and usefulto hisconstituents.He has left a disconsolate widow and three childrento bemourn their loss.His remains were interredin the burial ground of the Ger.Ref.Church in this town,on Sunday last, followedby a large concourseofrelativesand friends." The children of Col.George Spangler were : 1.GEORGE W.SPANGLER,was born 1792,and lived at the old Baltzer Spengler homestead.He married Sarah Leightner,daugh- ter of Ignatius Leightner,who after her husband's death in 1829, May 20,married William Spangler,son of John Spangler,son of Baltzer Spengler,Sr.She died July 7,1874,aged 82 j'ears and 8 months.George W.was a member of Captain Michael H. Spangler's Company in the war of 1812-14.He participated in the battle of North Point,near Baltimore,September 20,1814. He was a Notary Public,a Surveyor,and County Commissioners' Clerk in 1823.^o issue. BALTZER—GEORGE—GEORGE.153 2.McCANDLESS SPANGLER,born May 24,1810,died unmar- ried October 16,1832. 3.MARY ANN,wife ofDr.SAMUEL HUGO,bom Feb.24,1805, baptized by Rev.Robert Cathcart March 20,1805,married May 17,1825,died in St.L,ous December 31,1866,and buried at Alton, 111.Mrs.Hugo,fifty years ago,lived in the old Spengler home- stead on the Plank Road.Rev.Bland,40 years ago,kept a boys' school there.Dr.Hugo was a surgeon in the U.S.army in the war of 1812,and served with Gen.Scott at the battle of Lundy's Lane.He was born April 25,1787,died in York March i,1861 and was buried in the Friends'burying ground.They moved to Illinois.Children : /.EDWARD MORGAN HUGO,Alton,111. 2.SARAH E.,wife of—KEEFE,afterwards of S.H.PAUD, Alton,111. 3.JULIA R.,wife of J.C.PRICE,Alton,111. 4.OSCEOLA VICTOR HUGO,Alton,111. 5.GEORGE HUGO and three other children are dead. 4.JOSEPH KRIMPS SPANGLER,born August 22,1808,mar- ried Elsie (Cath.C.)Sanderson March 11,1830,both dead.Chil- dren: /.CAROLINE,wife ofJOHN HUNTER. 2.SARAH E.,deceased wife of GEORGE W.HIBNER. Children: I.Edward B Hibner.2.George W.Hibner. 3.Annie K.Hibner.4.William Mann Hibner. 5.Henry S.Hibner.6.Benjamin F.Hibner. 3.MARY,wife ofJOHN HECKERT. 4.WM.SPANGLER,87th Regt.,Penn'a Infantry. 5.HARRIET,wife of PHHJP CRAUMER,married July 3, 1808,and died April 8,1830.Children: /.PHILIP CRAUjMER.2.SPANGLER CRAUMER. 3.SARAH,wife of HENRY WOLF,who was in the Mexi- can war.Children : 1.Arabella,wife ofJoseph Perigo,Baltimore. 2.Harriet,wife ofJohn Snyder. 3.Caroline,wife of William Rively. 4.Sarah,wife of Frank Ilgenfritz. 154 BALTZER—GEORGE—MARIA MAGDALENA. 5.Henry Wolf,Erie,Pa. 4.JOHN CRAUMER,died in Ohio. 5.JOSEPH CRAUMER,Piedmont,W.Va. 6.MARY,wife of AUGUST THALDORFF,Ohio. 7.CAROLINE,wife of WM.WOLF. 8.WM.CRAUMER,Pittsburg,Pa. 9.HARRIET,wife of DAVID MICKEY,New Bloomfield, Pa. 6.JAMES SPANGLER,born January 15,1795,baptized Febru- ary 20,1795,died June 16,1813,unmarried. On his tombstone is the following quaint inscription : ''You travelers all asyou pass by, Asyou are now so once was I. You young men all stoop down andsee, AsI am now you soon mustbe." XL JOHN SPANGLER, (Son ofGeorge). Moved to Fayette county,Kentucky,before 1811.He had a son George.No trace was found of either. III.MARIA MAGDALENA,wife of ADAM WOLF. (Daughter of George Spengler,Sr.). Born October 30,1761,baptized November 8,1761.She after- wards became the wife of Mr.Ellmore,of Edenton,North Caro- lina. Adam Wolf owned about 200 acres of land along Mill Creek, south of the Plank Road,along the York Southern Railroad. He was in Capt.Wm.Bailey's Company in the Revolutionary War.Children : 1.GEORGE WOLF,born June 3,1778,died in 1871 in York township. /.REBECCA WOLF.2.JACOB WOLF. 3.JOHN WOLF.4.PHILIP WOLF. 5.GEORGE WOLF. BALTZER—GEORGE—MARY.155 6.ELIZABETH,wife of EDWARD KRAFT. 7.SARAH,wife of DANIEL SIPLE. S.HENRY WOLF.9-SAMUEL WOLF. 10.WM.WOLF;all of York county. //.ZACHARIAH WOLF. 12.AMANDA,wife of SAMUEL ALBRO,New York. 13.MARY,wife of OLIVER BENNETT,Williamsport,Pa. 2.ANTHONY WOLF,dead. /.WM.WOLF,dead.Children : 1.Euphemia,wife of Daniel Spangler. 2.Annie F.,wife ofJacob Davis. 3.Amanda,wife of Lafayette Jones,York. 2.SPANGLER WOLF,dead.Children: 1.Annie,wife of J.Alexander Wilhelm. 2.Wm.Wolf. 3.Mary,wife of Emanuel Keller,York. IV.ANNA MARIA SPANGLER, (Daughter of George Spengler,Sr). Born in May 1758,died unmarried. V.MARY,wife of WM.McCLEAN, (Daughter of George Spengler,Sr). Wm.McClean died July 4,1798.Mary afterwards married Dr. John Rouse,of York,with whom she had no children.She was born May 27,1757,and died June 17,1844. 2.BALTZER SPENGLER,Jr., Was born in York April i6,1735,baptized October 10,1735,as Balthasar,and married Christina Messerschmidt,who was born in 1739.He succeeded his father as an innkeeper at the Black Horse Inn,two doors west of the Court House Square,on the site now owned by Jacob Stairand twelve feet of the Jordan property.Upon his death in 1798,his widow Christina conducted it,and upon her demise it was kept by her son Samuel Spangler.John Koons con- ducted it in 181 8. Baltzer and his brother Rudolf were original members of the Sun Fire Company of York,formed in January,1771.Compared with the present methods and appliances for extinguishing fires the old bucket brigade,military in drill,and the primitive appara- tus,were unique and picturesque.' Lieutenant of a Militia Company in 1775. "We do admit George Eichelberger,Michael Hahn,Baltzer Spangler,Rudy Spangler,and Geo.Stake to raise a Company ofMilitia in York Town,as soon as thirty have signed to chuseofficers of the Company,the said Company to bea part of the first Battalion,and we directthe said Company to beraised—provided that they take no Person in that Company who may have signed the lastas.=ociation in Captain Lukens or Captain Irwins Companies—as witness our Hands this 27th Dayof December 1775 JAS.SMITH Col.Batt.= THOS.hartley,L't.Coll.' MICH'L.SWOOPEJOSEPHDONALDSON Majors.' We the Subscribers do hereby associate as a Company in the first Battalion of York County Militia as soonasthirty have signed,a Captain two Lieutenants and two Ensigns to be chosen—and we do hereby promise and engage to comply with and adhere to the Regulations Articles and Resolutions ofthe Assembly ofthis Province entered into for the Government of the Associators ofPenns3'lvania, which said Regulations are to be annexed to the Association and to be binding. As witnessour Hands this 27th DayofDecember 1775 'App.Notes 30,31.-App.Note32.»App,Note 33.<Page114. BALTZER SPENGLER,Jr.,CHRISTINA SPENGLER,1776.^P.166. SARAH SPANGLER GEORGE W.SPANGLER,1820.(p.152. BAI.TZER—BALTZER.157 Capt.George Eichelberger 1 Lt.Mich'lHahn: 2 Lt.Baltzer Spengler: Jacob Eichinger,ab. George Moul Samuel Nelson Lodwig Hetick James Warley,ab. Caspar Miiller,ab. Jacob Schenck Jacob RudisillJun,'. Jacob Miller,ab. Jacob Funk George Spangler Johannes Flender James Clerck,ab. Henrich Ranch,ab. James McCullagh Georg Fritzlen,ab. Frederick Youce Anthony Ritz Nicholas Bernhard Jacob Durang,ab. Johannes Wolff,ab. George Geesey,ab. Lorentz Schmahl,ab. Jacob Schneider,ab. Finken Imfelt JamesJones Nicholas Upp. Jacob Schram,ab. Martin Brenneiser George Craff Johannes Welsh,ab. Johannes Pick,ab. Lutvvig Weisang Jacob Neuman Michael Graybill Jacob Schreiber,ab. Johannes Kunckel,ab. Georg Fiarar,ab. Henry Zimmerman Jos.Bonde John Maguire,ab. Michael Kopenhover Michal Weider Michal Riiger Michael Welsh Peter Rudolph Spengler John Fisher Stophel Shelley George Myer" On the adjoining page ofthe above document are the additional names:Frederick Aderholdt,John Rose,John Water and Christian Slagle. The Sergeants were:Bonde,Youce,Moul and Hedick;Corpo- rals:Ritz,Funck,Neuman and Brenneiser. In the following year,1776,Baltzer Spengler,Jr.was elected ist Lieutenant of the Fourth Company,George Michael Speng- ler,Ensign;Christian Stake ist Lieutenant of the Fifth Com- pany,and Rudolph Spengler,brother of Baltzer,Jr.,Captain of the Sixth Company.These companies constituted a portion of the five battalions that marched to New Jersey in 1776 to form the "Flying Camp." A Member of the Committee of Safety of York. Baltzer Spengler,Jr.,was one of the Committee of "Freeholders and Inhabitants"of Yorktown,organized December 16,1774,for the purpose of procuring "the earlier intelligence of any material transactions"concerning the English oppression of their compatri- ots in Boston.They devised measures for raising a fund todefray the expense of communicating intelligence and alleviating the wants of the poor at Boston.This committee,upon the outbreak of the Revolutionary War,was known as the "Committee of 158 BALTZER—BAI.TZER. Safety,"and rendered most invaluable and effective services in raising and arming troops in the cause of American independence; for,as Col.Thomas Hartley said,"the York District had armed the first in Pennsylvania and had furnished more men for the war and lost a greater number of men in it than any other District on the Continent of the same number of inhabitants."Baltzer Speng- ler,Jr.,was 2nd Lieutenant of Captain George Eichelberger's Com- pany in 1775,known as the Fourth Company.The writer was very fortunate in discovering the original and unpublished manu- scripts,authorizing the formation of this Fourth Company in the Revolution,as well as the unpublished lists of thirty-one other York county companies in that struggle.' First Assistant Burgess. York was not incorporated during the first forty-six years after it was laid out.On the 24th of September,1787,it was chartered as the "Borough of York,"and Baltzer Spengler was one of the first assistant Burgesses after the incorporation.The population of York in 1790 was 2,076. President Washington's Visit to York,1791 — Quartered AT Baltzer Spengler's Inn. Upon his return from his trip through the Southern States, President Washington visited York,arriving here on July 2, 1791.He came from Mount Vernon through Frederick and Han- over.He was met by a delegation from York at the present site of Nashville,in Jackson township.Gen.Henry Miller,^Maj.John Clark,'Col.Thomas Hartley,Lieut.Colonels David Grier and John Hay,and Hon.James Smith,intimate friends of Washington, were then living,and greeted him.He quartered at the leading hostelry of Baltzer Spengler,Jr.,second door west of Court House Square,*some of whose descendants have still in their possession china-ware used on that occasion. The following bill shows that there was an illumination : "York,August30,1791. "George Fry;Bot.ofHenry Pentz, "41 Itjs.candles for illuminatingthe CourtHouse forthe President oftheUnited States.£1,18,o." 'App.Note 34.2App.Note35,»App,Note36.'App.Note 37. BALTZER—BALTZER.159 Fromtheunpublished York GermanMoravian Church Diaryoflygi,byPasiorjohn Roth: "On the 2iidofJuly,1791,came to Yorktown the HonorablePresidentWashing- ton.Thebellsofthe town were rung in hishonor,a melody ofsweet anrlpleasant sounds;linked with the inspiring event they appeared to me as ifthevoicesof archangels were present.I could not restrain my tears over the thought—Yea,I cried aloud;not from a sense of sadness,butfrom a pressure of overwrought emo- tions and irrepressible joy.In the evening the Court Housewas illuminated,a light being placed at every pane." He was received with great enthusiasm by the numerous patri- ots in and around York,many of whom had fought under him in many battles during the Revohition.The morning (Sunday)fol- lowing his arrival,there being no pastor of the Episcopal church, he was invited by prominent members of the German Reformed church (of which Baltzer Spengler was one)to attend their ser- vices,and accepted.The services being in German he could not understand a word,and was presumably relieved upon their con- clusion. The present scribe with great difficulty obtained a copy of that portion of the unpublished diary of President Washington describ- ing his visit to York.' Baltzer Spengler,Jr.,died August i,1798,aged 63 years,3 months and 15 days.The inscription on the gravestone over his remains now in Prospect Hill Cemetery is : "ZUM ANDENKEN DES BALTZER SPENGLER'S DER EIN ZaRTLICHER GATTE EIN NACHSICHTSVOLLER VATER EIN GUTER BilRGER GEWESEN UND DEN 1ST.AUGUST 1 798 IM 64TEN.JAHR SEINES ALTERS GESTORBEN 1ST." (TRANSLATION.) "in memory of baltzer spengler he was an affectionate husband an indulgent father a good citizen and who died the 1st of august 1 798 in the 64th year of his age.,' 160 BAIvTZER—BALTZER—DANIEL. Christina,his wife,died August 24,1821. From the York Recorder,andIndependentRepublican,Tuesday August28,iSzi. "Died,on Friday evening last,in this borough,Mrs.Christina Spengler—widow ofthe late Baltzer Spangler,atthe advanced age of8r. The universal esteem in which this respectable lady washeld duringherlong and active life,is the best comment on her character.In works of charityand benevolence she was active and persevering,while her health permitted.As a parent,a monitor,or a friend,her practical good sense,and most exemplary con- duct in all the relations in life,gave to her character a peculiar force and respect. The Christian Religion was a living principle with her through the course ofa long and useful life,and she gave the strongest evidence ofits being her surest consolation and support,in the patience and resignation with which she borea distressing illness,and finally met her approaching end. She departed in the fullnessof time,and 'being not wearied with well doing,' we areassured she shall reap 'an exceeding great reward.'" On her tombstone is inscribed : "Lord My wasting lifedraws nearthe grave Make bare thinearms thy servant save DIED 24TH AUGUST 21 CHRISTINA SPENGLER RELICT OF BALTZER SPENGLER DEC'd. IN HER 82 YEAR Ah take thesetears mortality's relief And till weshare yourjoys forgiveourgrief Theselittle rites,a stone,a verse,receive This all that we your children now cangive." Baltzer Spengler's Children: 1.Daniel Spangler. 2.Maria Elizabeth,wife of Alexander Cobean. 3.Mary Magdalena,wife ofWilliam McClellan. 4.Dr.John Spangler. 5.Samuel Spangler. 6.Jacob Spangler. 7.George Spangler. 8.Mary,wife of Jacob Drift. I.DANIEL SPANGLER, Was born November 20,1761,and baptized December 25,1761. He was a saddler in 1794.Married to Margaret Hahn June 30, BAIvTZER—BALTZER-DANIEL.161 1784,who died May 28,1810,aged 46-7-9.From 1799 to 1801 was County Commissioner.In 1801 he resided in the house now owned by the heirs of George Upp,No.7 West Market street.He died February 11,1813.On his gravestone is inscribed : "Herelies entomb'd Whom more than paupersweep, Fast by his His wife anddaughters sleep." From the York RecorderofJune 2,iSio. "Died in this Borough on Tuesdayevening last,much regretted by her numer- ous friends,after a lingering illness,Mrs.Margaret Spangler,wife of Daniel Spanglerin the 47th year ofher age. Of the deceaseditmay with truth be said.She wasa kind wife,a tender mother and an aflfectionate friend.She was benevolentandpiousofwhichacalmresigna- tion into the handsofherGod bears ampletestimony. Let those who witnessed her peaceful dissolution,profit by the example she aflforded them;let them be 'alsoready,'for as thelightning cometh out ofthe east,and shineth eveninto the west,soshall also thecoming ofthe sonofmanbe. " Children : 1.GEORGE W.SPANGLER,bom October 9,1806,baptized Au- gust 23,1807,and died,childless,March 3,1827. From the York Gazette ofMarch 6,iSzy: Died—On Saturday last,in the borough,Geo.W.Spangler,youngest son ofthe late Daniel Spangler,Esq.,in the 21st year ofhis age. "In the midst oflifewe areindeath." "These words can never make a more forcible impression,than on an occasion like the present,when a youth has departed to take up his abode in the 'City of Silence'inthose years when the heartis overpowered by the gay and delightful prospect ofearthly felicity.But so it is,no precaution or art can avail against a common law imposed on all beings in the universe.Theanchor is not cast in the River ofLife ;death,remorseless and inexorable death,regardless of age orcondi- tion,carriesawaythose who struggle against it,as well as those who go with the stream. "On Sunday last his remains were interred in the German Reformed cemetery, and his funeral rites were performed by the Rev.Dr.Schmucker and the Rev.Mr. Hall,who both,in addressinganunusualnumerous auditory,bore testimony,that whilst his surviving friendsmayderiveanuseful example from his pious resigna- tion in death,they may take consolation from the hope,that he has methisreward from the Almighty Being in whose adoration he breathed his expiring sigh." "Thrice happy each lamented son. Safe landed onsome happier shore. Whose short-timed glasssosoon is run And death shall never pain himmore." 2.Col.MICHAEL HAHN SPANGLER,cabinet maker.Born April 3,1791,baptized June 20,1791. 162 BALTZER—BALTZER—DANIEL. During the war of 1812-14 he commanded the only troops from York county (6,000 State militia were encamped at York)that ar- rived in time to take part in the battle of North Point,Baltimore.' Carter and Glossbrenner,in their history of Yorkcounty,(known as Glossbrenner's)give a graphic description of the York county contingent who marched to the defense of the Monumental City.^ Col.M.H.Spangler at the Flood of 1817. Colonel Spangler proved himself also quite a hero in the great and disastrous flood in York,in 1817,which swept away many houses west of the Codorus,and consigned many to watery graves. Says Glossbrenner in his history : "Beforethecreek had arisen to the fullnessof its fearful height Col.Michael H. Spanglerfirst -withahorse and afterwards with a boat,removed many people from their houses,thereby saving them most probably from a death amid the waters.At one time there were eightpersons attached to the boat,so thatit wasalmost impos- sible to make itmove over the waters.A few minutes and it would have been too late to have saved thesebeings from thefuryofa mercilesselement." Colonel of the 94th REorMENT. Colonel spangler in 1816 was elected Colonel of the newly-or- ganized 94th Regiment of Pennsylvania Militia;afterwards Bri- gade Inspector of the ist Brigade,5th Division,Pennsylvania Militia,which oflice he filled acceptably until the close of his life. At the fourth ofJuly (1818)celebration he responded to the fol- lowing toast:"Industry,the great source of competence,and the friend ofhealth and good morals—as it merits the care,so may it receive the encouragement of government." His Death. He died on Sunday,September 7,1834,and in the funeral cor- tege were mourning relatives,a vast concourse of friends,officers of the 94th Regiment Pennsylvania Militia,the survivors of the "York Volunteers"and the following volunteer companies of York: The "Washington Artillerists,"commanded by Capt.Jacob Upp,Jr. The "Pennsylvania Volunteers,"commanded by Capt.John Evans. lApp.Note 39. 2App.Note40. BALTZER—BALTZER—DANIEL.163 The "Citizens'Guards,"commanded by Capt.Samuel Hay. The "National Grays,"commanded by Capt.Alex.H.Barnitz. The "York Rangers,"commanded by Capt.Sam'l E.Clement. Col.Michael H.Spangler married Matilda Schriver March 15, 1814.His remains now lie with his kin in Prospect Hill ceme- tery,in the Wagner lot.His children were : /.AUGUSTUS D.SPANGLER,Cincinnati,Ohio,where he married May 28,1825,Martha Jane Linley.He was born January 4,1805,and died August 4,1839,aged 34 years and 7 months.Inscription on his gravestone in Prospect Hill cemetery : "Sufferingsoul,thy days are ended — All thysuffering here below. Go bj'angel guards attended, Tothe sideofJesusgo." Two children. 2.ELIZABETH SCHENBER,wife of EDWARD TUR- BETT,Frederick,Md.,born December 23,1816,married April,1837,dead. 3.ANDREW M.SPANGLER,Philadelphia,born Decem- ber 13,1818,graduated from Marshall College,Mercers- burg,Pa.,in 1846;in 1842 he was Lieut.Col.of the 94th Regt.,York County Militia;in 1849 was a clerk in the U.S.Patent Office;afterwards edited the Lancaster Gazette and Farm Journal;removed to Philadelphia in 1851,where he published the Farmer and Gardener,the Year Book of the Farm,and for twenty years was editor of the Evening Star.He was officially identified with the Board of Public Education,the Industrial Art School, Boys Central High School,and Manual Training School, and is now a member of the flourishing firm of Spangler &Davis,Printers,Commerce Street,Philadelphia.He married Mary M.ShafTer,September 10,1846.Their children are : 1.Florence,wife of E.K.Wilson. 2.William W.Spangler,dead. 3.Charles S.Spangler,City Editor Philadelphia Ledger. 4.Mary Kate,wife of Charles J.Webb,Philadelphia. 164 BALTZER—BALTZER—DANIEIv. 4.WILLIAM H.SPANGLER,born March 8,1821,died in Dover,N.J.Children : 1.William H.Spangler. 2.Cora E.M.,wife of Frederick O.Wilson. 5.B.FRANK SPANGLER,born December 4,1829,con- ducted a book store for many years prior to the war at No.5 East Market street,York.He married June 15, 1853,Sallie M.Kehler,of Lancaster county.Pa.He died in York May 13,i860.His remains lie without a tablet in the Wagner lot in Prospect Hill Cemetery. 6.MARGARET M.,widow of WM.D.ELLIOT,deceased, of York,born July 13,1832,married March 5,1855. He died October i6th,1888,aged 59-10-27.Children: 1.Wm.F.Elliot,Manufacturer,Lock Haven,Pa. 2.Florence M.Elliot. 3.Frank S.Elliot,Attorney-at-Law,Philadelphia,Pa. 4.Thomas E.Elliot,Journalist,York. 5.Mary,wife of Alexander Cathcart,Chicago. 6.James M.D.Elliot. 7.Walter L.Elliot,Chicago.8.Charles L.Elliot. 9.Daisy M.Elliot,dead.10.Louisa S.Elliot. 3.MARY ANN,wife of JACOB UPP,married September 17, 1825,and died January 6,1828,aged 23 years and 16 days.His second wife was Eliza Ann Baumgardner.Mr.Upp was born De- cember 4,1792,baptized March 15,1795,was Captain of the "Washington Artillerists "of York 1830-40.No issue. 4.EMANUEL SPANGLER,born February 11,1787,died April 8,1825,and his remains,with several of his children,lie in the Friends'Meeting House churchyard,on West Philadelphia street, York.He married Jane Gardner.Children : /.MARY H.,wife of Rev.BENJAMIN HUTCHINS,Albion, 111.Mr.Hutchins at the date of his marriage,January 24,1836,at Northern Liberties,Pa.,was rector of St. John's Church,York. 2.JANE SPANGLER.3.LYDIA SPANGLER. 4.RUTH SPANGLER.5.GEORGIANA SPANGLER. 6.ANNA SPANGLER. 7.MARGARETTA SPANGLER. Col.MICHAEL H.SPANGLER,1814.(p.161 BAIvTZER—BALTZER—DANIEL.165 The last six were born between 1816 and 1825,and died single. 5.MARGARET,wife of WILLIAM WAGNER,cashier of the York Bank;married April 23,1823,died May 26,1871.Mr. Wagner was an engraver,and his water color views of York,of 1830,are very artistic and now of great value.He died July 5, 1869.Children : /.D.SPANGLER WAGNER,Jeweler,York,born June 24, 1823,died October 2,1884.Daughter: I.Margaretta Wagner,York. 2.WM.G.WAGNER,York.Children : I.Harry R.Wagner.2.Ida Wagner,dead. 3.Annie M.Wagner.4.Emma Wagner. 5.Minnie R.,wife of Thomas Tappenden,England. 3.LEWIS EDWARD WAGNER,Philadelphia,dead.Chil- dren : I.Julia Wagner.2.Mabel Wagner. 6.BALTZER SPANGLER,died without issue November 11, 1826,aged 30 years.He was a member of the drum and fife corps of his father's company,and marched with him to the defense of Baltimore in 1814.He was afterwards a member ofthe York Bar. 7.ELIZABETH SPANGLER,born 1789,died May 14,1814. Unmarried. 8.LEAH,wife of HUGH SCOTT,of Gettysburg,Pa.,born De- cember 18,1794,baptized March 15,1795,died Nov.15,1818. From the York RecorderofNovember ly,1S18: "She was aware of her approaching exit,and when the awful messenger ap- proached,she resigned her soul into the hands who gave,with full confidence ofa blessed immortality.Herspirit has fled to the realmsofimmortal bliss,to join in singing Hosannas to God and the Lamb forever." jVIr.and Mrs.Scott's only child was James Scott,who,when a young man,ran away.His father did not hear from him until the war.He had enlisted in the Confederate service,was captured on a blockade runner,and confined in Fort Warren,Boston.After his release he visited his father and relations in Adams and York counties,and after the battle of Gettysburg again went South,and was never afterwards heard from. 166 BAI^TZER-BAIvTZER—MARIA EUZABETH. II.MARIA ELIZABETH,wife of ALEXANDER COBEAN. (Gettysburg,Pa.) Born May 20,1763,baptized June 19,1763.Married July 30, 1801,by Rev.Robert Cathcart,York.In 1789 they lived at "Co- bean's UpperMill,on Marsh Creek." Alexander Cobean was elected,May 2,1818,the first President of the York and Gettysburg Turnpike.Gen.Jacob Spangler was was the surveyor.Children : 1.THOMAS B.COBEAN. 2.ALEXANDER COBEAN. 3.SAMUEL A.COBEAN. 4.WILLIAM COBEAN. 5.MARY ANN COBEAN. William Cobean married Mary McFarland of Carlisle,Pa.,and died without issue.Thomas B.,Alexander and Samuel died un- married.Thomas died ]\Iarch 12,1829,and Samuel January i, 1835,aged 35 years.Mary Ann Cobeanwas married to Dr.John F.Fisher,of York,and died February 18,1847,^g^^35 years. The Doctor,while helping to raise the large flag pole in Centre Square,York,in 1861,was caught under a falling derrick and seriously injured,from the effects of which he died the following year,January 21,1862,aged 53-8-25.Mary Ann Fisher's chil- dren were : 1.MARIA,wife of Dr.LUTHER M.LOCHMAN,York, married March 31,1853.Child: I.Harry D.Lochman. 2.JANE,wife of JAMES KELL,Attorney-at-law,York. Children : I.John F.Kell.2.James A.Kell. 3.William P.Kell.All three Attorneys-at-law. 4.Helen M.Kell.5.Mary C.Kell. 6.Alfred M.Kell.7.Jane F.Kell. 8.Eliza K.Kell. J.WILLIAM FISHER,died in Philadelphia,unmarried. BAIvTZER—BALTZER—MARY MAGDAEENA.167 III.MARY MAGDALENA,wife of WILLIAM McCLELLAN. Marsh Creek,Adams county,Pa.She was born January 31, 1768,marriedJanuary 31,1788,and died July 27,1831.Mr.Mc- Clellan was born June 21,1763.In 1792 he was a candidate for Sheriff of York county and announces his candidacy in the Penn- sylvania Herald and York General Advertiser,as follows : "To THEFreemen Electors of the County of York. Gentlemen:—Although two years have elapsed since I had the honorofsolicit- ing your votes and interest for the Sheriff's Office,yet your formerspirited and generous exertionsin my behalf,have made an impressionon my mind,that again demand my warmest acknowledgments,and embolden meonce more tocome for- ward,and solicit your suffrages at the ensuing election;a similar exertion will,I trust,procure the Sheriff's Office;ShouldI obtainit,no one will paymoreatten- tion to the duties of such an important trust,or discharge the same with more lenity and fidelity ;relying on your generosity, I am.Gentlemen,Your most obedient. Mostdevoted Humble Servant, March 13,1792.WILLIAM McCLELLAN. At the ensuing election in October,1791,Godfrey Lenhart re- ceived 2,399 votes and William McClallan 2,345. Mr.McClellan was,at the next Sheriff's election,elected Sheriff of York county and held the office from 1795 to 1798.He was elected in 1798 Captain of the York Volunteer Corps of Cavalry. From the PennsylvaniaHeraldand York Advertiver ofijgS: "NOTICE." ''Suchgentlemenasalready havejoined the Corps of Cavalry,now raisingin the Borough ofYork and vicinitj-—as well as those who wish to do so—are informed, thatan election will positively be held on Saturday the 14th inst.,at 2 o'clockp. m.in the Court House—for thepurposeofelecting officers. "According to the rulesadopted,no member can be permitted to vote,who does notappear dressed in uniform. "York,July 11,1798." "NOTICE." ''Those whoincline to enrol themselves in the York Corps of Cavalry,may ap- ply to Captain William McClellan ;those who prefer tojoin theInfantryCompany nowraising,to Captain John Edie—Captain Gossler's being filled.Applications may also be made to the individuals in each Corps." "Agreeably to the public notice given,an election washeld on Saturday last,at the Court House,in this Borough,for officers in the Volunteer Corps of Cavalry, when the followingpersons were dulyelected: William McClellan,Captain.Jacob Fisher,Jun'r,ist Lieut. David Harris,2nd Lieut.David Cassat,Comet. 168 BALTZER—BALTZER—MARY MAGDALENA. "About40 have alreadyjoined,most of whom are completely equipped.Gen- tlemenwho wish to become members of the Corps,are requested to apply toany of the ofiicers. "York,July 18,1798." The Militia of York fifty years ago and upwards was much more numerous and picturesque than now,and offered all the pomp and pageantry on public occasions.The gorgeous Staffappeared inall the glory of their wondrous habiliments.' Captain McClellan and his brother-in-law,Samuel Spangler, owned and operated the Stage Coach Line from York to Lancas- ter and to Baltimore.^John McClellan,uncle of William,was a Captainin Col.Edward Hand's Regiment of the Pennsylvania Line in the Revolution.'Captain McClellan's father,William McClel- lan,Sr.,was foreman of the Grand Jury of the Second Court of Quarter Sessions held in York county.The unmerciful Whipping Post was then used as a weapon of punishment on both sexes,and the selling of intoxicating drinks to the Indians was specially forbidden by the Court.*Mary Magdalena McClellan's children were: 1.ELIZABETH McCLELLAN,born January i,1789,died Au- gust 7,1789. 2.WILLIAM McCLELLAN,Gettysburg,Pa.Born June 22, 1789,baptized November 23,1793,married Mary Hersh,June 19, 1821,died May 4,1845.Children: /.WILLIAM B.McCLELLAN,Gettysburg.Attorney-at Law and District Attorney,born March 9,1822,died May 6,1863.Children: I.Wm.McClellan.2.Mary Dorothea McClellan. 2.MARGARET HERSH,wife of JACOB BRINKERHOFF. Children: I.Wm.M.Brinkerhoff.2.Frank C.Brinkerhoff 3.Ida M.Brinkerhoff. 3.MARY DRITT McCLELLAN,unmarried. 4.LOUISA,wife of Rev.LEWIS HIPPEE,born November 13,1829.Children: I.Frank M.Hippee.2.Annie Hippee. 3.Mary Hippee.4.Louis Hippee. BALTZER—BALTZER—MARY MAGDAI.ENA.169 5.ELLA GILLELAND,wife of ADAM Z.RINGWALD. 3.MARIA McCLELLAN,born Oct.27,1791,died Aug.11,1792. 4.ELEANOR,wife ofJAMES GILLELAND,bom December 21, 1792,baptized November 23,1793,by Rev.Robert Cathcart,York, died June 17,1866.He was a son of William Gilleland,Sr.,who was Associate Judge ofthe Courts of Yorkcounty in 1784,Captain of the 3rd Company,4th Battalion,York County Militia,1776-8, State Senator 1809 and 1817,and Major General,in 181 1,of the 5th Division Pennsylvania Militia.Their children were: /.JULIA A.B.GILLELAND.2.MARY M.GILLELAND. Both dead. 5.BALTZER SPANGLER McCLELLAN,born Oct.i6,1794, baptized May 3,1795,died March 19,1815. 6.CHARLOTTE,wife of THOMAS R.SHOWER,born April 7, 1797,baptized November 12,1797,died June 15,1828.Children: /.SARAH S.,wife of Col.THOMAS KEMPIS BULL,born January 19,1819.Children: I.Margaret C.Bull.2.Emma Louise Bull. 3.Charlotte M.Bull.4.Eliza J.Bull. 5.Sarah S.Bull.6.Levi Bull. 7.Edward S.Bull.All died without issue. 7.NANCY,wife of GEORGE HERSH,born August 16,1798, baptized May 4,1799,by Rev.Robert Cathcart,York,died Dec. 17,1882.Mr.Hersh was educated at the York County Academy; merchant,of Gettysburg,Pa.,and in 1826 moved to New Oxford, Pa.,where he died.Children : 1.JOHN HERSH,born June 16,1817,died May 10,1879. Children : 1.George Himes Hersh,dead. 2.McClellan Hersh,Philadelphia. 3.Francis E.Hersh,dead. 4.John N.Hersh,New Oxford,Pa. 2.MARY MAGDALENA,wife of JOHN C.ELLIS,Wash- ington,D.C,born January 11,1814,died April 25,1891. Children : 1.Louisa H.E.,wife of Robert H.Edwards. 2.Cornelia H.,wife ofJ.T.Crossfield. 3.Thomas C.Ellis,dead.4.George E.Ellis,dead. BAIvTZER—BAIvTZER—MARY MAGDALENA. 5.Georgia Anna,wife of Samuel Erskine. 6.Eliza M.Ellis.7.Pauline H.Ellis. All of Washington,D.C. 3.WM.McCLELLAN HERSH,born February 21,1820, President ofthe Diamond National Bank,Pittsburg,Pa., and connected with Penna.R.R.at Pittsburg.Children : 1.George Hersh. 2.Eliza T.,wife of Wharton McKnight,Pittsburg,Pa. 4.GEORGE EDWARD HERSH,York.Born January 21, 1822,died September 3,1895.In 1855 he was appoint- ed an Aid on the Staff of Governor Pollock with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.He was President of the York National Bank,Farmer's Fire Insurance Company, York Gas Company,York and Gettj'sburg Turnpike Company,and Treasurer of the York and Liverpool,and York and Maryland Line Turnpike Companies.Mr. Hersh married April 25,1855,Charlotte Ellen Hamilton Cox,who is the daughter ofJoshua Cox,deceased,who married in 1819 Charlotte,eldest daughter of John Bar- nitz,of York.Joshua Cox was a lineal descendant of Sir Richard Cox,Bishop of Ely,who died in 1581,and of Gustavus Hamilton,a member of the Privy Council of James II.and distinguished himself at the battle of Boyne.Gustavus Hamilton was descended from Sir Frederick,youngest son of Claude I.,Lord Paisley,an- cestor of the Duke of Abercorn.Mr.and Mrs.Hersh's children are: 1.Henrietta Charlotte,wife of Smyser Williams,Attor- ney-at-Law,and Vice-President of the York Trust, Real Estate and Deposit Company.Children : 1.Henry Cuthbert Williams. 2.Eleanor Hamilton Williams. 2.Nancy McClellan,deceased wife of W.G.Maigne, York,secretary of the Pennsylvania Agricultural Works. 3.Catherine Arabella,wife of Dr.Henry B.King,York. Son :Edward Hersh King. 4.George Edward Hersh,Jr.,Attorney-at-Law,York. CAPT.WILLIAM McCLELLAN'S IKUUP OH CAVALRY,1798.i P.167. NANCY HERSh GEORGE HERSH.'p.169. BALTZER—BAI.TZER—MARY MAGDAI^ENA.171 J.Rev.CHARLES H.HERSH,Baltimore,Md.,born Jan. 17,1824,died Nov.22,1859.Children: 1.Mary M.Hersh. 2.Charles H.Hersh,Omaha,Nebraska. 3.Rosina Endress Hersh,Meadville,Pa. 6.SAMUEL SPANGLER HERSH,York,born April 24, 1826,died May 2,1876.Child : I.Grier Hersh,York. 7.FRANKLIN HERSH,Baltimore,Md.,born September 19,1828.Children: I.Catherine M.Hersh.2.George G.Hersh. 3.Maggie Hersh.4.Wm.M.Hersh,Baltimore,Md. <?.MARGARET LOUISE,wife of CHARLES T.CLIP- PINGER,New Oxford,Pa.,born Mar.20,1831.Children: 1.Nancy,wife of Charles K.Yeager. 2.George Hersh Clippinger. p.JAMES HERSH,Gettysburg,Pa.,born January 24,1833, Quartermaster 87th Regt.Pa.Infy,and was Sheriff of Adams county.Pa.Children: 1.William Hersh,Attorney-at-Law,Gettysburg,Pa. 2.Franklin Hersh,Chemist,Carnegie Steel Works, Homestead,Pa. 10.NELSON HERSH,born February 10,1825,dead.Child: I.George M.Hersh,New York City. //.ALLEN HERSH,Gettysburg,Pa.,born Feb.10,1837. 12.NANCY MILLER HERSH,dead. ij.PAUL HERSH,born Dec.30,1841,New Oxford,Pa. 8.ANNA ELIZA McCLELLAN,bom December 20,1799,died May 27,1812. 9.MARIA DRITT McCLELLAN,born November 2,1802,died July 19,i860. 10.LOUISA,wife of Rev.JAMES ROSS RILEY,born January 7,1804,Myerstown,Pa.Children: /.JAMES DRITT RILEY,born March 23,1835. 2.Rev.WILLIAM McCLELLAN RILEY,born August 8, 1837,dead. 11.GEORGE W.McCLELLAN,born March I,1806,died July II,1873. 172 BALTZER—BAI.TZKR—JOHN. 12.Col.JOHN H.McCLELLAN,born March 5,1808,died un- married at Gettysburg,Pa. IV.Dr.JOHN SPANGLER, (Son of Baltzer,Jr.) Was bom July 3,1770,and married February 28,1805,Mar- garet,daughter of Conrad Lederman,a member of Captain Rudolf Spengler's Company in the Revolutionary War.Mr.Lederman was rated the wealthiest man in York in the beginning of the present century.Mrs.Spangler died January 3,1859,aged jt,- 5-21.She was quite wealthy and in her last will made the fol- lowing bequests : "To the English branch of the German Reformed Church of theborough of York a $500 scholarship in the Franklin and Marshall College,and 200sharesof York Bank Stock,parvalue $5000.00—to erect a new Church.To the Home Mis- sionary Society,25 Shares York Bank Stock,and to the Franklin and Marshall College,25 Shares York Bank Stock."The balanceof the estateshe bequeathed to hergrandson andother relatives. Dr.Spangler was a very skillful physician with an extensive practice.In 1807 he was Surgeon of the 113 Regt.Pa.Militia, and was Burgess of York in 1812.He was a director of the York Bank in 1821 and years afterwards.He died July 22,1831. Medical ethics in his day had not become so refined as to prohibit physicians'advertisements in the public prints. From the PennsylvaniaHeraldand York Advertiser: "Dr.JOHN SPANGLER," "Respectfully informs the inhabitants of the Borough and County ofYork,that he has taken up his residence in the houselately occupied by Dr.JamesHall; where heoflfershisservicesinthe different branches ofhis profession." York,February 13,1797. Here is another of a Man-Midwife: "THOMAS D.JAMISON," "Phisician,Surgeon and Man-Midwife. Informsthe Public that he hasremoved hisShopto theHouse formerly occu- pied by Mr.Lewis Michael in the CentreSquareofthis Borough,(now Weiser's store)where he hasa large assortment of Genuine Drugs and Medicines, The whole ofwhich articles he meanstodispose ofat verylow terms." York,January17,1797.' 'App.Note 57. Dr.JOHN SPANGLER,1828. BALTZER—BAI.TZER—SAMUEI..173 Dr.Spangler wrote the "Carrier's Address"for the "York Re- corder"of January i,1819.It is a very creditable production. The last verse is: "Then lauded be your names I'll Spangle them with praise, The Carrierhasnoother claims He craves no otherbays.' ' Dr.Spangler resided on the west side of North Beaver street, North of Clark alley.His son Ferdinand occupied the adjoining house on the north,in which he kept a museum of curiosities. The latter was somewhat eccentric,but liberal minded.Dr. Spangler's only child was the said 1.FERDINAND L.SPANGLER,born January i,1806,died October 17,1836.He married,September 3,1829,^t Lancaster, Delia Amand Wright,daughter of Ebenezer Wright,Esq.In 1828 he had a "Museum"on North Beaver street.'He left to survive him a son: /.JOHN F.SPANGLER,Philadelphia,formerly a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature from York county. V.SAMUEL SPANGLER, (Son of Baltzer,Jr.) Born August 2,1773,baptized December 26,1773 ;married,April 15,1802,Anna Maria,daughter of Peter Dinkle,son of Maria Ur- sula ("Shiny Cap ")Dinkel."Peter Dinkel kept a hardware store where the National House now stands.Anna Maria died July 19, 1852,aged 68 years,8 months and 19 days. Samuel Spangler was a member of the military company that marched from York to aid in suppressing the Whiskey Insurrec- tion in the western part of the State during the administration of George Washington. He succeeded his mother as innkeeper at No.5 West Market street,known as the Black Horse Inn.In 1822 he built the house No.4 West Market street,now owned by Lafean Brothers,where he kept a tavern,the "York House." He afterwards moved on his farm,near Shrewsbury,where he ^App.Note 44. 'Ante.p.85. 174 BAI.TZER—BAI.TZER—SAMUEL. conducted a tannery.He died in Springfield township June 28, 1839,aged 65-10-6.He and his brother-in-law,William McClel- lan aforesaid,conducted a stage line from York to Lancaster and York to Baltimore. From "The Pennsylva^iia Herald and York Advertiser'^ofI'/gy : "LANCASTER,YORKAND BALTIMORE STAGE LINE." "AStage willstart fromthe houseofWilliam Ferree ia Lancaster,on everyMon- day at 4 o'clock in the morning,arrive in York at the House of Baltzer Spengler at 12 o'clock,set out at i o'clockand arrive at Baltimoreon Tuesday e/euing;the same Stage will start from the house ofAbraham Kauffman on Gay Street Balti- more on Monday at 10 o'clock,and arriveat York on Thursdayevening,so that passengers may proceed to Lancaster orPhiladelphia the next day without being detained.Passengers will find it to theirinterest to encourage this Line as it will be run through from Lancaster to Baltimore in two da5's,the route being ten miles nearer than anyat presentrun. Fareof Passengers from Lancaster to York £0,iis.,od. FareofPassengers fromYork to Baltimore £\,6s.,3d. Way passengers 5>4 permile. WILLIAM McCLELLAN, York,August 15,1797.'SAMUEL SPANGLER." The fareby stage from York to Baltimorein 1779,was ^i,6s.,3d. York's First Railroad. The Stage was succeeded by the primitive Locomotive,Coaches and Canal Packets." In 1836 Samuel Spangler advertised for sale his Inn (two doors West of Centre Square)"through which the York and Baltimore railroad now making is expected to pass." From this it appears that the railroad projectors originally in- tended to run this railroad through Mr.Spangler's property and down North George street through the very centre of York.For- tunately their intention was changed. The railroad from Baltimore to York was completed in 1838. The railroad from York to Wrightsville was finished in 1840. There was then a continuous line from Baltimore to Philadel- phia by way of York and Columbia,joining the Philadelphia and Columbia at the latter town.At Columbia the road communi- cated with the Canal,giving a complete route of traffic from Bal- timore to Pittsburg.Samuel Spangler's children were : 1.SAMUEL D.SPANGLER,died April lo,1859,aged 45 years. ^App.Note42. 2App.Note 45. BAIvTZER—BAIvTZER—GEORGE.175 2.WASHINGTON SPANGLER,born June 13,1808,died No- vember 17,1824. 3.ELIZABETH,wife of JACOB HOKE,born February 10,1805, baptized March 3,1805,married February 6,1821,died Septem- ber 20,1821. 4.HAMILTON SPANGLER,bom April 12,1810,died August 13,1880.None of the above left issue. VI.JACOB SPANGLER, Born January 3,1776,baptized February 18,1776,died unmar- ried in 1813 in Philadelphia. VII.GEORGE SPANGLER, (Son of Baltzer,Jr.) Merchant of Philadelphia,born August 5,1778,baptized Feb- ruary 14,1779,died April 23,1823,without leaving issue. From the York Recorder,April2g,1823: "Died,in this borough on the 23rd inst.,in the 45th year ofhisage,Mr.George Spangler,lateof Philadelphia,wine merchant,andyoungest son ofBaltzerSpang- ler,deceased. "The subject of thisnotice resided in Thiladelphiaduring a period of 25 years, where he was extensively concerned in the mercantile profession,and suchwashis general deportment that by his assiduity and industry,the sterling integrityofhis principles,his honest}'and uprightconduct,hesecuredfor himselfthe warmest at- tachment,esteem and friendship of the most respectable merchants and distin- guished citizens of that place.After so long a period ofabsence,and amidst so many vicissitudesoffortune,the broils and turmoils of an active life,Mr.Spangler resolved tovisit the home ofhis forefathers,the place ofhis nativity,ofhis j'outh- ful days,and thereamong his friends and relatives,spend the remainder of his days in the still shade of retirement,undisturbed by the caresand frownsofcapri- cious fortune. "Scarcely had he seatedhimselfintheaffections of his friendsand companions, when theflowery path oflife was strewed with thorns of bitter anguish,of sorrow and illness—and with a constitution already enfeebled with the cares and troubles ofthe world,suffered aparalytic stroke,which terminated hisexistence inabout 15 weeks.Such was thepious resignation and composure of the deceased during so long a confinement,that not a complaint or murmur escaped him;and in the last stages of expiringlife,he yielded up his soul in fervent prayer and in full persua- sion and belief ofthe blessed promises of his Redeemer,that it might be taken to the blissful mansions ofeternal rest. "Oft,departed friend,in the silent hour of meditation'willthe green sod that decks thy grave be moistened with the tearoffriendship," 176 BAI.TZER—BAI.TZER—MARIA. VIII.MARIA (Polly),wife of JACOB DRITT, (Daughter of Baltzer Spengler,Jr.) Born April 17,1783,baptized August 17,1783,as Anna Maria; married March 16,1813,died June 28,1858,no issue. Mrs.Dritt was a great beauty,and tradition asserts that she danced with General Lafayette at the ball given in his honor in York in 1825.The General received the ladies of York,but there is no certainty about the ball. Jacob Dritt was born April 18,1793,and died in 1844,aged 51 years and 17 days.He built,and lived in,the house No.25 West Market street,York.He was a very successful merchant and in 1820 had his store at the northwest corner of Court House Square and George street. His father was Colonel Jacob Dritt,who was captured at Fort Washington,on the Hudson,in 1773.' GEORGE SPANGLER,1798.IP.175.1 MARIA DRITT.1850.ip.176. 3.DANIEL SPENGLER, (Son of Baltzer,Sr.) A Romantic Episode. He married Mary Elizabeth,daughter of Nathaniel Leightner, son of Adam and Maudeline Leightner who arrived in New York between 1709 and 1728.Daniel Spengler died about 1777,and his widow married Dr.Charles Godfrey Ballan Winter- smith,December 10,1779,with whom she had five children: Charles M.,Mary M.,Hugh G.W.,Horatio G.and Charles F, Wintersmith. George,a son of the said Adam and Maudeline Leightner,who came with them to America,soon after returned to Germany,and married,and had one child,Caroline Matilda Leightner,who mar- ried Valentine Wintersmith in Germany.They had one child, Charles Godfrey Ballan Wintersmith aforesaid,who cameto Amer- ica as Surgeon of a Hessian Regiment assigned to the command of General Burgoyne,and was taken prisoner at the battle of Sara- toga in 1777.He was brought under guard with the Hessian rank and file to York,where he discovered his American relatives.' He afterwards joined the American army under General Horatio Gates as Lieutenant and Surgeon and married,December 10,1779, the said Mary Elizabeth Spangler,his first cousin,and widow of Daniel Spangler,deceased,a most remarkable and romantic coinci- dence,in which truth was indeed stranger than fiction. An Erroneous Record. Daniel Spengler was a whitesmith,and tradition has it that he made his own gun,and with it entered the Revolutionary Army. He was a member of his brother Capt.Rudolph Spengler's com- pany,and was with him in active service. George Spengler,his uncle,died in Philadelphia,in 1744,and in his will bequeathed and devised his personal and real estate to his wife for life with remainder to his brothers Henry and Baltzer. Rudolf,a brother of Daniel,in 1787,secured powers of Attorney ^App.Note46. 178 BALTZER—DANIEI.—THOMAS. from nearly all the heirs of Henry and Baltzer,both then deceased, empowering him to sell and convey theirvested undivided interests in valuable real estate on Market street,Philadelphia,devised to their ancestors as aforesaid.In one of these letters of attorney, recorded in the Recorder's office in Philadelphia,in deed book D, 7,page 137,the recital is made that Daniel Spengler,a son of Baltzer,Sr.,died in his minority and without issue.This recital is entirelyerroneous;for Daniel did not only notdie in his minority, but left to survive him a widow and five children.Vide deed of Thomas Spangler,son of Daniel,to John Spengler,dated July 27, 1795,recorded in Recorder's office of York county,in deed book K.K.,529;also Orphans'Court record books D.,page 152,and E.,pages 327-8;also will of Michael Spengler,of York,Daniel's brother,probated in 1793,and recorded in Will book H.,483. Daniel was devised by his father the Northwest corner of High street (now Market)and Centre Square,then called Court House Square.Thomas,his son,having accepted it at the valuation after his father's death,conveyed it toJohn Grier;the latter's ad- ministrators sold to Wm.Nes,whose administrators sold it to Charles Nes,and his administrators conveyed to Wm.H.and John C.Jordan. Daniel Spengler's Children were: 1.Thomas Spangler. 2.Helena,wife ofJohn Rein. 3.Hannah,wife of Michael Keller. 4.Sarah Spangler. 5.Joseph Spangler. I.THOMAS SPANGLER, Was baptized August 9,1774.He married Anna Maria Funk, born November 15,1778,baptized December 6,1778,and died May I,1859,^gs^80-5-19.Her remains repose in Prospect Hill cemetery,York.Their children were : 1.DANIEL SPANGLER,born August 3,1798,baptized Dec.2, 1798.He was a member of Capt.George Freysinger's "Hanover BALTZER—DANIEL—THOMAS.179 Regular Guards,"and participated in the parade given in York in honor of Gen.Lafayette,February 2,1825.His wife was named Elizabeth.He was a chairmaker in Hanover,Pa.,and left to sur- vive him: /.AUGUSTUS D.SPANGLER,born March 28,1835,mar- ried Charlotte Erisman in 1864,and died in Hanover, Pa.,November 20,1894.Children: I.Roy Spangler.2.Charles E.Spangler. 3.George A.Spangler.4.Bertha Spangler. 5.Emma N.Spangler.All of Hanover,Pa. 2.DANIEL SPANGLER,dead.Children : I.Harry Spangler,dead.2.Alice Spangler,Hanover. 3.Edward Spangler,dead. 2.JACOB SPANGLER,bornAugust 25,1800,baptized December 27,1800,died unmarried August 12,1832. 3.THOMAS SPANGLER,Jr.,died at Yocumtown,York county, Pa.Children : /.JACOB SPANGLER.Children : I.John Spangler.2.Samuel Spangler. 3.Alfred Spangler.4.Edward Spangler. 5.Henry Spangler.6.Charles Spangler. 7.Francis Spangler.8.Josephine Spangler. 9.Dora Spangler. 2.WILLIAM SPANGLER.Children: I.John Spangler.2.Jacob Spangler. 3.William Spangler.4.Jane Spangler. 5.Adaline Spangler.6.Edward Spangler. 3.PETER SPANGLER.4.GEORGE SPANGLER. 5.JOHN SPANGLER.6.DAVID SPANGLER. 7.NANCY E.SPANGLER.8.SARAH SPANGLER. 4.JOHN SPANGLER,born January 3,1805,baptized April 15, 1805,died unmarried. 5.CHARLES (Carl)SPANGLER,was bom October II,1802, baptized April 15,1805,married Ann Rebecca Artz.He moved to Hagerstown,Maryland,in 1821,and died in that city January 19,1890.At the time of his decease he was the oldest merchant in his adopted city,and was engaged in successful business in the 180 BAIvTZER—MICHAEL. same storeroom in his spacious house on North Potomac street for a period of 64 years.Children : /.CHARLES A.SPANGLER,Merchant,Hagerstown. 2.CLAGGETT D.SPANGLER,Artist Painter,» J.UIvUAN G.SPANGLER, 4.LAURA M.,wife of W.H.DAKIN,New York City.Son: I.Charles Spangler Dakin,Attorney-at-Law,Carlisle,Pa. 5.EMMA R.,wife of CHARLES E.WHITE,Wash.,D.C. 6.ADELAIDE V.,wife ofTHOMAS B.GRIM,Hagerstown. 7.MARY,wife ofJOHN D.SWARTZ, iL HELENA,wife ofJOHN REIN, (Daughter of Daniel Spengler.) Born December i,1767. in.HANNAH,wife of MICHAEL KELLER, (Daughter ofDaniel Spengler.) Born 1769. IV.SARAH SPANGLER,born 1777. (Daughter of Daniel Spengler.) V.JOSEPH SPANGLER, (Son of Daniel.) Baptized March 30,1775. The whereabouts of the descendants of the last named four children of Daniel Spengler,who moved South or West,could not be ascertained.The last two probably died duringtheirminority. 4.MICHAEL SPENGLER, (Son of Baltzer,Sr.) Died in York township in 1793,without issue,and bequeathed and devised all his estate to his sisters and brothers and the chil- dren of his brother Daniel. 5.RUDOLF SPENGLER, (Son of Baltzer,Sr.) He in his latter years spelt his surname "Spangler"to conform with the usage of the day.His wife used the umlaut (••)above the a in Spangler,to give it the sound of e,and the terminitive "in"to designate the feminine.Rudolf was born in 1738,and died August 5,1811,aged 73 years.He married Dorothea Dinkel January i,1767,who died June 12,1835,aged 87 years.Dorothea was the daughter of Maria Ursula Dinkel,of noble descent,and who was known as "Shiny-Cap Dinkel.'" He was an unerring shot,and on the morning of his wedding day he repaired with his gun and deer hounds to Baumgardner's woods,a mile southeast of York,where he shot a deer for his nup- tial dinner—a deer for a dear. Rudolf Spengler was a silversmith and a clockmaker.In 1773 he was assessed as a merchant.In answer to advertisements,the writer ascertained the whereabouts ofthree "Grandfather's"clocks fabricated by him,on the dials of which "Rudy Spengler,York Town "is inscribed.They are brass-mounted,highly finished, and still give perfect time.The owners are Mrs.Rosa Rouse, South George street extended,York ;Mrs.Sarah J.Ringer,Lew- isberry.Pa.,and Smith B.McMillan,Signal,Columbiana Co.,O. In 1805 he had patented to him lands in York township (now Springgarden).He owned lot No.118 West Market street,now owned by Dr.Jacob Hay and sisters,devised to him by his father, and on whichheresided in a two-story brick house ;and in 1809,lots 9,II,13 and 15 on East Market and South Queen streets ;the tri- angle on King's Mill Road,on plan made by William Alexander ; 'Ante.p.85. 182 BALTZER—RUDOLF. lots 451-2-3-4 on King street,west of the Codorus ;also lot on south side of High (Market)street west of the Codorus creek,ad- joining the Codorus creek on the east,and lot No.325 of George Ernest Schlosser on the west. He was a member of Capt.George Eichelberger's Company in 1775,'and shortly after elected Captain of the Sixth Company of York County Militia,which constituted a part of the five battalions that marched to "Eastern New Jersey"in 1776,to form the "Flying Camp."^ Captain Rudolf Spengler's Company in the Revolution- ary War. The writer has the honor of discovering,and publishing for the first time,a list of the rank and file of Captain Rudolf Spengler's Company.^It is in the hand-writing of Geo.Lewis Lefiler,Clerk of the Company. In Mr.Lefiier's unpublished Diary^is the following receipt : "Reed.August 29 1776ofGeorge Lewis Leffler,Quarter Master,five poundsand fourpence Pennsylvania Currency in full for 133 rations due my Company this day for rationsretained ,^5,os.,4d.RUDOLF SPENGLER, Captain. Rudolf Spengler was but one of the many thousands of patriots from York county who rallied around the Revolutionary standard. In proportion to population,moresoldiers from the German county of York were engaged in that momentous struggle for independ- ence than from any other section of the Colonies.The long lost York county Revolutionary muster-rolls,^show that almost every Spengler,of fighting age,enlisted in the service of his country. The first company south of the Hudson to cross that river for the relief of Boston from the British in 1775,was from York.' Among the prominent officers in the Revolutionary War from York county,more or less distinguished,were Generals Henry Miller,^James Ewing,Wm.Reed;Colonels,Thomas Hartley,* James Smith,'Michael Swoope,'"David Jamison,Richard McAlis- ter,Robert McPherson,James Thompson,William Rankin,John Andrews,Joseph Jeffries,Wm.Ross,David Kennedy and Henry Slagle;Lieutenant Colonels,David Grier,John Hay,Philip Al- lAnte.p.157.^App.Note 14.^App.Note34.'App.Note15.'App.Note34. 'App.Note 47.'App.Note35.«App.Note33.«App.Note32.WAnte.p.114. DOROTHEA SPENGLER.(p.181. BAI^TZER—RUDOLF.183 bright,Joseph Donaldson;Majors,John Clark,'Joseph Spangler, and David Bush,killed at Brandywine;Captains and Lieutenants by the score and the file by battalions. The York Moravian Diaries. The Diaries (in German)of the York Moravian pastors before, during and after the Revolution are of profound interest.They shed a great deal of light on the local history,the patriotism of the York county soldiers,and the proceedings of the Continental Congress while at York.The larger portion Col.John W.Jordan, Librarian of the Philadelphia Historical Society,translatedin 1893, and the remainder was translated at the instance ofthe writer." The diary for 1777 is missing,and abbreviated duplicates of that and a few other years,were obtained by the writer with con- siderable difficulty from the Moravian Archives at Bethlehem,Pa. Unpublished extracts from the newly discovered Revolutionary correspondence relating to local incidents ofthe time ofthe passage of soldiers through Yorktown,&c.,may also prove interesting to the reader and instructive to the student of Revolutionary history.' As the patriotism of the York county Germans has,by those ill- informed,been sneeringly referred to,it may not be inappropriate here to attend to their further vindication.* It was the Hon.John Adams,of Massachusetts,who made this unjust and unmerited attack while a member of the Continental Congress'during its session here in the old Court House from Sep- tember 30,1777,to June 27,1778. John Adams,as President,revisited York in 1800,and was then enthusiastic in his praise of the thrift,intelligence and prosperity of the York county Germans.''The next distinguished celebrity who passed through York was Major General Andrew Jackson.^ RudolfSpengler served also as County Treasurer,1801 to 1805, was a State Senator and a Burgess of York in 1803,and amember of the General Assembly of Pennsylvania in 1810.He died Aug. 5,1811,in York,aged -j^years,and his remains with those of his wife,Dorothea,now lie in prospect Hill cemetery. From the York Recorder ofAugust10 (Saturday),iSii: "Died,in this Borough,atan advancedage,on Thursday last,RudolfSpangler, Esq.The confidence reposed in the deceased by his fellow citizens in choosing 184 BALTZER—RUDOI.F—JACOB. him to serve them inthe State Senateand House of Representatives,aresufi5cient testimonials that in private and public life he was the honored and upright man. His remains were yesterday deposited in the German Reformed burying ground, attendedby a longtrain ofmourningrelatives and friends." The York GazetteofJunei8,/Sjj,conlai?is thefollowitig: "In memory of Dorothea Spangler,relict of Rudolf Spangler,deceased,who diedJune 12,at the advanced age of 87 years.How few are they that arrive at that period oflife,blessed with a happy temperament ofmind.She led the life of apureanduprightChristian.Relativesandfriendsrevereand cherishhermemory.' ' Rudolf Spengler's Children : 1.Gen.Jacob Spangler. 2.Jesse Spangler. 3.John Daniel Spangler. 4.Peter Spangler. 5.Catherine,wife of George Barnitz. 6.Elizabeth,wife of William Nes. 7.Mary,wife of Peter Small. 8.Margaret,wife of Joseph Slagle. 9.Helen Dorothea,wife of Charles Frederick Fisher. I.Gen.JACOB SPANGLER, ^^X^^^^. Was one of the first pupils of the York County Academy. Early in life he turned his attention to surveying,and served the county as surveyor for many years.In 1793 he was appointed Postmaster of York,under the administration of Gen.Washington. About 1796,he was appointed Deputy Surveyor of York county under Gov.Miffiin.In 1799 he was Trumpeter in Capt.William McClellan's Light Horse Company.He was a member of the German Reformed church choir in 1800.He was one of the Com- missioners in 1800,and ran the lines to divide York county and form the new county of Adams.Having resigned the Post Office in 1813 he was elected County Commissioner in 1814.By au- thority of the heirs of the Penns,he made an accurate re-survey of BALTZER—RUDOLF—JACOB.185 Springettsbury Manor.He resigned his commission as surveyor in 1815,and in 1816 he was elected to Congress by the Federalist party,and resigned April 20,1818.In February,1818,he was appointed by Gov.Findlay,Surveyor General of Pennsylvania, which office he held until 1821.In 1821,and for years after,he was a director of the York Bank.In 1829 he was one of the four prominentcandidates for Governor,and had a formidable following. He was appointed Clerk of the Courts of York county,in which capacity he served until 1830,when he was appointed Surveyor General by Gov.Wolff,which office he retained until 1836.After 1818 he became a prominent Jackson Democrat.His title was obtained as a commander of volunteer and militia regiments and battalions,and he was well versed in military tactics.In his day he was a prominent man in the affairs of York county. He had the honor of being the chief escort of Layfayette,on his trip from York to Harrisburg,January 30,1825.They crossed the river at York Haven,took dinner at Middletown,and arrived at Harrisburg at 5 p.m.,amid great enthusiasm.In 1837-8 he, in conjunction with Thomas Hartley,Henry Small and others, projectured the culture of mulberry trees—presumably for silk culture,—but the project failed. DoYLESTowN,Pa.,Dec.ist,1894. Mr.E.W.Spangler, Dear Sir:—As you are getting up a Spangler Pedigree I thought I would ask if you ever heard ofthe story sister remembers Father,Gen.Jacob Spangler,once told her.It was,that Gosheriness Eikelens,or a namelike that,wenttoGer- many with powers of attorney to collect a fortune that was said to belong to our branch of the family.He never was heard of afterwards and the family never knew whether he collected it and keptitor whether he was shipwrecked.Means of communication were more difficult in those days.We have been reading "Brave Little Holland,and What She Taught Us,"in which it speaks in these terms."On Erkelens,a Dutchman in Philadelphia,papersof Von Berckel,pen- sionary of Amsterdam,were found when Henry Laurens,ex-President ofthe Con- tinental Congress,was captured on the ocean by the British frigate "Vestal," (page 232.)I thought it would be interesting for you to know that fact ifyou have never heard ofit.Sincerely yours, Susan L.De-Witt. He was born November 28,1767,baptized as John Jacob,De- cember 28,1767,died in York June 17,1843. Susannah Hay,his first wife,was born in 1779,died in York February 24,1818.She was a daughter of Lieut.Col.John Hay, 186 BALTZER—RUDOLF—JACOB. of the Revolution.'He married Catherine A.Hamilton,his sec- ond wife,May 23,1820,who was born November 13,1792,and died in York June 12,1873. He lived where Gross Brothers'store is now.His children by his first wife were : 1.CATHERINE,wife of HENRY SMYSER,tanner,deceased, born May 16,1796,died May 24,1881.Children: 1.CHARLES M.SMYSER,born September 28,1825,died January 28,1859.Children : 1.Clara L.Smyser,born Jun.24,1849,"^^^^V^^.15,1873. 2.Mary C.Smyser,born Feb.20,1852,died Oct.19,1872. 2.SUSAN LOUISE,wife of Rev.SOLOMON OSWALD, deceased,born February 7,1819,married October 11, 1837,died July 24,1848.Children : 1.Catherine S.,wife of William Gilberthorpe,deceased. 2.Mary M.Oswald,died May 12,1863. 3.John B.Oswald,York. 3.WILLIAM HENRY SMYSER,born January 28,1817, died December 14,1832. 2.CARL SPANGLER,born May 12,1793,baptized Oct.20,1793. 3.ANNA MARIA,wife of CHARLES WEISER,merchant and banker,York,born April 2,1800,baptized May 2,1800,married March 26,1822,died January 5,1873.Children: 1.JOHN A.WEISER,died March 2,1889,aged 64-7-21. He was a successful dry-goods merchant.Director of the Farmers'National Bank,York,and York County National Bank ;President of the York and Gettysburg Turnpike Company,Treasurer of the York and Susque- hanna Turnpike Company,and York Gas Company. Children : I.Harry P.Weiser.2.George U.Weiser. 3.Bertha,wife of Robert D.Croll. 4.Sterrett P.Weiser. 5.Louise,wife of Norman A.Patterson,Oxford,Pa. 6.Anna Weiser. 2.ERASTUS H.WEISER,Attorney-at-Law,York,born January 28,1826,married Annie Franklin,sister ofGen. 'App.Notes49,54. BALTZER—RUDOLF—JACOB.187 Wm.B.Franklin,October 12,1852;graduated from Yale College in 1849,and died July 11,1872.Children: I.William F.Weiser.2.Charles Weiser. 3.HORACE SPANGIvER WEISER,Banker,Attorney-at- Law,and graduate of Yale College,married to Louisa Amy July 14,1859,born October 22,1827,died July 19, 1874,at Decorah,Iowa.Children : 1.Amy,wife of Edward G.Carlisle,Chicago,111. 2.Charles J.Weiser.3.Anna J.Weiser,Decorah,Iowa. 4.ADALINE A,wife of JERE CARL,retired Banker,mar- ried January 10,1861.Daughter:i.Belle Carl. 5.CHARLES S.WEISER,York,retired Banker.Was Treasurer of York Water Co.,York Hospital,York Co- Fire Ins.Co.,Lutheran Seminary,Gettysburg,Pa.,and York County Agricultural Society. 6.JOSEPHINE,deceased wife of Dr.EDWARD H.PENTZ, deceased,married April 14,1853.Son : I.Bransby C.Pentz,Manager of the York Opera House. Son :Edward H.Pentz,died at the age of 6 years. 7.THEODOSIA WEISER,died in 1889. 8.AMELIA,wife of M.M.GREEN,died August 25,1872. 4.SAMUEL SPANGLER,bom March I,1802,bapt'ized March 23,1802,died November 20,1831. Children by the second wife of Gen.Jacob Spangler: 5.JANE MARTHA,deceased wife of JOHN H.SMALL,Car Manufacturer and wholesale Lumber Merchant,York,baptized August 3,1826,married October 6,1851,died July 28,1856.Son: /.HENRYJ.SMALL,Pianist Virtuoso,died in Minneapo- lis,Minn. 6.MARGARET,wifeofSTOKES L.ROBERTS,of Doylestown, Pa.,married December 8,1842. 7.SUSAN S.,wife of Dr.WM.R.DeWITT,Doylestown,Pa., Surgeon of the U.S.Infantry during the war.Son: /.WM.RADCLIFFE DeWITT,Attorney-at-Law,Palatka, Florida. 8.JACOB R.SPANGLER,bom January 12,1824,died March 2, 1882.He married Frances R.,daughter of Commodore Jesse D. Elliott,May,1747.Children: 188 BAIvTZER—RUDOLF—JESSE. /.ELLIOTT SPANGLER.2.JACOB SPANGLER. 3.WASHINGTON E.SPANGLER. 4.FANNIE,wife of G.A.SHULTZ,Boston,Mass. 9.FANNIE SPANGLER,died March 12,1840. 10.ROSE A.HELEN SPANGLER,died August 7,1840. n.JESSE SPANGLER, (Son of Rudolf.) Born July 5,1775,died September 12,i860.He married Mary D.Heckert,who died January 13,1867,aged 86-9-25.He was Postmaster of York,1812-1814,and Register of Wills of York county,1830-1833.He lived and died in the dwelling formerly belonging to his father Rudolf,adjoining the Market streetbridge, on the south side. In the great flood of 1817,Jesse and his family did not have time to escape,and during its height they were compelled to seek refuge on the top of the house roof,shouting and crying for assist- ance.The house escaped the fate of dozens of others^and they were saved. The commons above the Market street bridge was the terminus of the Codorus Navigation Company's canal,extending from the Susquehanna river to York. The completion of the canal in 1833,was publicly celebrated, and York was in gala attire.Excursions were run to Barnitz's Springs and Myers'Grove on the Codorus,below Loucks'mill. Round-trip tickets 25 cents. The Codorus Canal. From the Pennsylvania Republican ofJuly22,18^4: "We renew our list of arrivals through the Canal,the new source of wealth to our Borough,and we feel pleasure in announcing the arrival ofa load ofglass direct from Pittsburg,via the Pennsylvania Canal,This isone other evidence that the wealth and importance ofYork are yet in embryo,and thatthe day is not dis- tant when we shall command the advantagesofthe whole internal trade of Penn- sylvania." Excursions on the Canal. From the Pennsylvania Republican ofJune 11,1S34: "The four Volunteer Corps of this Borough—the Pennsylvania Volunteers,the Washington Artillerists,the CitizensGuards,and the NationalGrays—willparade JESSE SPANGLER,MARY D.SPANGLER.(P.188. 1398 53 190 BAI.TZER—RUDOI.F—JESSE. 4.ELIZABETH,wifeof EDW.S.RUPP,dec'd.Children : I.Mary L,.Rupp.2.Margaret R.Rupp. 3.Sarah S.Rupp.4.Henrietta B.Rupp. 5.Frances H.Rupp.6.Daniel D.Rupp. 5.PETER SPANGLER,Lewistown,Pa.Children : I.Charles H.Spangler.2.Thomas V.Spangler. 3.Sarah S.Spangler.4.Walter B.Spangler. 3.CHARLOTTE S.,wife of GABRIEL BARE,Waynesboro,Pa., born October 15,1802,married March 31,1825,died November 5,1887.Children : 1.ISRAEL BARE.2.HENRY BARE. 3.MARIA BARE.4.JESSE BARE. 5.ELIZABETH BARE. 4.LOUISA,wife of PETER SHULTZ,York,born May 10,1806, married April 24,1828,and died in York May 16,1885.Peter Shultz died July 15,1862,aged 61-3-9.Children : /.ALONZA SHULTZ. 2.DAVID P.SHULTZ,Deputy Collector of Int.Revenue.• 3.ABBIE,wife of JOHN M.DEITCH. 4.WILLIAM SHULTZ. 5.SALLIE,wife of Dr.A.A.WASSON. 6.EMMA SHULTZ.7.MARY,wife of J.H.BOTT. 8.KATE A.,wife of WILLIAM SEIFFERT. 9.HENRY H.SHULTZ,dead. 5.HELENA,wife of MICHAEL HAY,born March 28,1812, married March 10,1831,died in York July 12,1887.Michael Hay was Postmaster of York.He died January 10,1851,aged 42 years,11 months and 10 days.Children : /.JOHN HAY,York.2.GEORGE HAY,Philadelphia. 3.EMMA,wife of FREDERICK SPECK,Waynesboro,Pa. Mr.John Hay has in his possession the Revolutionary pamphlet of his great-grandfather,John Hay,who was First Lieutenant in Capt.Irwin's company in 1775,and who appears as Lieutenant in the original muster roll of Captain William Bailey's Company of York County Militia,dated January 14,1776.'This document is one of the only three now known to be extant,and is of local his- toric value.^ BALTZER—RUDOIvF—JOHN DANIEI..191 6.ANNA MARIA,wifeofJESSE DIEHL,marriedJune i6,1832; afterwards wife of George Raber;born March 28,1812,died May 30,1892,in York.Children: /.HENRY S.DIEHL,Washington,D.C. 2.CATHERINE,wife of HEZEKIAH HETRICK,Glen- ville.Pa. 3.AMANDA,wife of WALTER PHILLIPS,York. 4.JESSE DIEHL,Renovo,Pa. 5.MARY,wife of HENRY BOGUE,Harrison,Mich. 6.GEORGE RAVER.7.SALLIE RAVER. 7.JOSIAH SPANGLER,born 1820.Resides in York. 8.RUDOLPH SPANGLER,born March 30,1815,married Sarah Michaels May i,1842.Resides on West Market street,York. Children : /.ELLEN SPANGLER.2.MICHAEL SPANGLER. 9.JACOB SPANGLER,born October 3,1817.Died in infancy. III.JOHN DANIEL SPANGLER. (Son of Rudolf). He was born October 9,1781,baptized October 20,1781,mar- ried Elizabeth King,of York,March 12,1815.Moved to Win- chester,Va.In 1829 he located in Sheakleyville and Georgetown, Mercer county.Pa.,where he died July 19,1851,aged 70 years. Elizabeth,his wife,was born March 5,1796,died March 18,1863, at Conneautville,Pa.Children : 1.CATHERINE (Ana Katrina)SPANGLER,born February 22, 1816,died in infancy. 2.ANNA MARY,wife of JOSEPH CARRINGER,born January 10,1818,dead.Children: /.ANTHONY S.CARRINGER,Denver,Col. 2.GEORGE CARRINGER,Boone,Iowa.His widow is named Hannah. 3.Rev.DANIEL CARRINGER,dead. 4.MARY,wife of WM.WOLCOTT,Missouri. 5.WILLIAM CARRINGER,Dighton,Kansas. 6.LOUISA CARRINGER,dead. 192 BALTZER—RUDOLF—JOHN DANIEL. 7.HOWARD CARRINGER,Dighton,Kansas. S.CHESTER CARRINGER,Overland,Kansas. 3.ELIZABETH,wife of BENJAMIN ROBINSON,born January 5,1822,dead.Children: HOMER ROBINSON,Henderson,111. THOMAS H.ROBINSON,Waterman,111. LEANDER D.ROBINSON,Washington,Iowa. MARY,wife of JAMES HARVEY,Peatonia,Kansas. ITHAMA ROBINSON,Washington,Iowa. 4.SARAH,wife ofJOHN CARRINGER,born May 16,i824,dead. Children : 1.ANDERSON CARRINGER,dead. 2.MILO CARRINGER,Marionville,Penna. J.MINNIE,wife of DEARMINT,Petosky,Mich. 5.HENRY K.SPANGLER,bomMarch 17,1820,died in infancy. 6.DOROTHEA M.,wife of W.E.McKNIGHT,born December 17,1827,lives at Boulder,Col.Two adopted children: 1.joiE Mcknight.2.katie mcKnight. 7.HELEN,wife of JAMES BROWN,born April 23,1831,mar- ried Nov.28,1850,and is living at Conneautville,Pa.Children: /.EUGENE E.BROWN,Conneautville,Pa. 2.CARRIE B.,wife of Dr.James H.Smith,Conneautville. 8.REBECCA,wife of DANIEL J.CARRINGER,born April 2, 1833,living at Boulder,Col.Children: /.EDWARD CARRINGER.2.AUSTIN CARRINGER. J.EFFIE CARRINGER,San Diego,Cal. 9.LOUISA,wife of NAN POWER,born April 9,1839,dead. Son: /.FRANK POWER,Braddock,Pa. 10.MARGARET JANE,wife of GEORGE W.KELSO,born March 19,1841,Youngstown,Ohio.Dead.Children: 1.FRANK KELSOE,Youngstown,Ohio. 2.LENA,wife ofJEROME PYLE,Mahonington,Pa. PETER SPANGLER,1810.ip.193. f^l h CATHERINE A.SPANGLER,Gen.JACOB SPANGLER,1835.(P.184.: BAI.TZER-RUDOI.F—PETER.193 IV.PETER SFANGLER, (Son of Rudolf). Born May i6,1786,died May 22,1823.He was married Oct. 15,1812,to Sarah Gardner,who died August 20,1839;was Post- master in York in 1816,Deputy Surveyor of York County 1818 to 1821,and Commissioners'Clerk in 1819.He owned,lived and died in the second house on Market,east of Water street,now owned by Dr.Jacob R.Spaugler,and in which he kept a dry-goods and general store. Lafayette and the Conway Cabal in York. It was in this then spacious dwelling that many Continental officers were quartered,and in which Gen.Horatio Gates,and the other members of the famous Conway Cabal gave a feast in honor of Gen.Lafayette in 1777,with a view of winning him over to the Conspiracy. The faith and devotion ofthis young and gallant French officer never faltered toward the man he so loved and honored.In spite of the frowns and silence accompanying it,he gave as his toast : "The Commander-in-Chief of the American Annies." From "Lossmg's Pictorial FieldBook 0/the Revolution,"Vol.^,/>.jjp.- "Sparksrelates that,when Lafayettearrived in York be found Gates at table, surrounded by his friends.The Marquis was greeted withgreatcordiality,and ac- cepted an invitation to join them at table.The wine passed around,and several toasts were drunk.Determined to let his sentimentsbe known at the outset,he called to thecompany as they were about to rise,and observed that one toast had been omitted,which he would propose.The glasses were filled and he gave : 'The Commander-in-Chiefof the American .\rniies. ' "The coolness withwhichit was receivedconfirmed Lafayettein his suspicions." The Gates-Wilkinson Projected Duel in York. Coincident with these intrigues were the reflections by General Gates on the conduct of Gen.Wilkinson,Adjutant General of the Continental Army.The latter deeminghis honor deeply wounded by the course of General Gates,determined todemand satisfaction, and a duel was arranged to take place behind the Protestant Epis- copal church on North Beaver street.' 194 BALTZER—RUDOI.F—PETKR. Peter Spangler's Death. From the York Gazette ofMayzy,1823: "Died,on Fridaylast in this borough,Peter Spangler,Esq.,after a severe and protracted illness,aged 37 years.Of the many individuals who are daily swept into the grave by the unsparing hand oftime,few have fallenover whose grave flow tears of deeper sorrow.His public work requires not the aidofeulogy to perpetuate its remembrance,nor can his private life borro;v lustre from panegyric, when all who knew him,unite in testifying that he wasprompt,correct and up- rightinthe discharge ofhis duties as a public officer and citizen." From the York Recorder ofMay^7,1823: "Died,on Friday evening last,in this borough,after a longillness,Mr.Peter Spangler,son ofthe late Rudolph Spangler,Esq.,in the3Sth yearofhisage.Mr. Spangler was longauseful and worthy citizen ofthis place.He has left an aflFec- tionate wife with four small children to bemoan hisloss;also a large circleofrela- tives and friends.Whileliving,he omitted none ofthe means of being useful to men,or serviceable to society;hepossessed amind full of verdure,and all the ma- turity of wisdom,together with those virtues which distinguish and adorn the good man's life.The very numerous train which followed him to the grave,af- fords a testimony ofthe respect in which he washeld by his fellowcitizens." "Mr.Lewiswillplease insert the following andoblige a "READER," "On the Death of Peter Spangler." "Hark,how the bell so doleful tells How Spangler's spirit fled; And howhe gave up thisworld, And is numbered with thedead. "Weep not,his friends for Peter's death; Forheis with his Lord. A happy soul is Spangler's now. Inthepresence ofhisGod." His children were : 1.MARIA,wife of Dr.GEORGE EICHELBERGER,druggist. Moved to St.Louis,Mo. 2.SARAH ELLEN,wife of ROBERT C.WOODWARD,married August 14,1838,died at Carlisle,Pa.,in 1886.Mr.Woodward was Burgess of York in 1847-9.Afterwards removed to Carlisle, Pa.,and engaged with his cousin,the late Henry D.Schmidt of York,in the wholesale grain and flour business.He was one of California's Argonauts of 1849.Children : 1.ROBERT WOODWARD,dead. 2.FLORENCE,wife ofJ.H.HARGIS,Germantown,Pa. J.CHARLES WOODWARD,died in Carlisle,in 1891 ;his widow Jessie V.,was a daughter ofthe late Gen.George Washington Elliot,U.S.A.Children: BAr.TZER—RUDOI.F—CATHERINE.195 1.Florence V.,wife of Frank Moore. 2.Jessie E.Woodward.3.Robert S.C.Woodward. 4.Eleanor Woodward.5.Wm.G.Woodward. 6.C.Rollins Woodward. 3.JACOB GARDNER SPANGLER,born October 15,1815,died February 15,1851,buried in Presbyterian churchyard,York. Lydia Ann,his wife,died September 2,1884,aged 86-6-12.No issue. V.CATHERINE,wife of Hon.GEORGE BARNITZ, (Daughter ofRudolf Spengler.) Born December 31,1769,baptized July 24,1770,died December 27,1824.Mr.and Mrs.Barnitz lived at the Koch corner,Beaver and Marketstreets.Honorable George Barnitz wasborn February 18,1770,and died April 19,1844,aged 74-2-1.On October 10, 1826,he married Elizabeth Beitzel,who died November 24,1851, aged 80 years,and with whom he had no issue.He was appoint- ed Associate Judge of the Courts of York county,by Gov.Snyder, in March 1813,which office he held until within a few years of his death.He held at different times other public offices in his native county,and was twice elected an Elector of President and Vice-President of the United States.The York county Bench and Bar,Hon.Daniel Durkee,President Judge,presiding,met upon his death,and passed suitable resolutions.Children : 1.JOHN CHARLES BARNITZ,Harrisburg,born February 26, 1795,died January 31,1872;married Elizabeth Kunkel of Har- risburg,October 17,1820,born May 9,1798,died January 19, 1880.Mr.Barnitz was a brewer and moved to Harrisburg,Pa., in 1831,where he died.Children: /.FREDERICK AUGUSTUS BARNITZ,Harrisburg,born September 4,1825.Daughter: I.Margaret Jane Barnitz. 2.GEORGE CONTLER BARNITZ,Harrisburg,born Oc- tober 4,1825;married December 8,1850,Henrietta Loucks.Children : I.Clara E.Barnitz.2.John C.Barnitz. 196 BAI.TZER—RUDOI.F—CATHERINE. 3.Cassandra S.Barnitz.4.Henrietta L,.Barnitz. J.JEROME T.BARNITZ,Harrisburg,born September 30, 1830;married October 19,1852,Mary H.Deming. Children : I.James Barnitz.2.Elizabeth Barnitz. 3.Mary C.Barnitz.4.Charles H.Barnitz. 5.George P.Barnitz.6.Alice M.Barnitz.. 7.Latrobe M.Barnitz. 4.CAROLINE E.,wife of PETER KELLER BOYD,Har- risbnrg. 5.MARGARET JANE BARNITZ. 2.MARY,wife of JOHN SCHMIDT,born March 25,1793,bap- tized as "Anna Maria"April 28,1793,by the Rev.Philip Wil- helm Otterbein,then a Reformed church minister,and afterwards founder of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ,in Amer- ica,which now numbers over 200,000 members,with six Bishops. Mrs.Schmidt had a vivid recollection of the funeral pageant in honor of Gen.Washington held in York in 1799.She was mar- ried April I,1816,and died in York March 26,1886,aged 93 years and one day.In her obituary in the York Daily of March 27,1886,is the following: "In acts of piety,thanksgiving and praise,she took delight.In dispensing charity,she was a constantbenefactorofthe poor,and thanked God for being per- mitted todoso.Shedoubtless has gone to that rest which remaineth for the peo- pleofGod." John Schmidt was born in Hamburg,Germany,March 8,1784. He graduated from a leading German University,and possessed refined tastes and scholastic accomplishments.He arrived in Bal- timore in 1812,and immediately came to York. According to Lewis Miller,the local historian of the times,upon his arrival he quartered at Jacob Upp's tavern on the south- west corner of George street and Court House Square.Upon walking from the inn around the square,his tall and portly form, handsomely attired,arrested the attention of the market people — "caviare to the general "—and the stare and remarks of the assem- bled crowd caused him to beat a retreat to the inn. Upon the organization of the York Bank in 1814,he was ap- pointed its teller.In those days the small currency of the country JOHN SCHMIDT,MARY SCHMIDT,ip. SCENE IN HAMBURG,1800.(P.196.; John Schmidt's Birthplace. BALTZER—RUDOI.F—CATHERINE.197 was made up entirely of paper,vulgarly called "shinplasters."A neatly engraved copper plate note ("shinplaster")was issued by the York Bank in 1S15.It is as follows: "10 Cents Thisbill received for TEN CENTS at the YORK BANK J.Schmidt, Teller." About this time there was considerable contention in the bank on account of the unpopularity or inefficiency of its Cashier,and it is presumed that Mr.Schmidt resigned his position in conse- quence,for we find him starting a mercantile business in 1816,as the following advertisement in the York Gazette of Apr.11 attests. "GERMAN GOODS." "The subscriber is now opening at Mr.John Hahn's House,Main Street,and intends continually keeping an assortmentofthe followinggoods:ShirtingLinen, Brown Holland,Bed Ticking,Roller Gun Locks,Plain Gun Locks,Scj'thes and Whetstones,Gimblets,LookingGlasses,Pocket Glasses,Velvet Binding,Tape. All of which he will sell bythe Package at City wholesale prices.Also a few hhds.ofcoffee ofa Superior Quality."John Schmidt. "March 28,1816." In September,1817,Thomas Woodyear,the Cashier of the York Bank resigned,and Mr.Schmidt was unanimously elected Cashier in his stead,and served in that capacity until his death in 1835. He was also Treasurer of the Yorkand Susquehanna Turnpike Co. "BIRTHNIGHT BALL,"1833. "The CompanyofMr.J.Schmidt and Lady is solicitedat a B.\LL to be held at the houseofAdam Eichelberger,on Fridaythe 22ndof February 1S33. Jacob Dritt,C.A.Barnitz,Calvin Mason,Geo.S.Morris,Daniel Schriverand L.A.Rosenmiller,Managers." York,February 18,1S33. Mr.Schmidt was a man of sterling integrity and held in univer- sal esteem,and in consequence was appointed administrator of many large trusts. Gen.Lafayette's Visit to York,1825. Mr.Schmidt was a ripe French scholar,and during Lafayette's visit to York in 1825,was the only person in York who could con- verse with him in his native tongue.Apropos of this visit,we copy from the York Gazette of February i,1825. 198 BALTZER—RUDOLF—CATHERINE. "On Saturday evening January 29,at 9 o'clock the illustriousLaFayetteand his son George Washington,M.LaVasseurhis secretary,and Messrs.Woodyear and Morris,of the Baltimore committee unexpectedly arrived in this place,and the next Monday Messrs.Jacob Spangler,Adam King and Col.Michael H.Spangler, a committee appointedby our Town Council,proceeded to Harrisburg.The Gen" eral has engagedtoreturn to-morrow to partake ofa Public Dinner,and the Mili- tary are makinge?ery arrangement that the time will admit of togivehimasplen- didreception." The writer's father was a participant of this dinner,he being at the time a member of Capt.Wm.Nes'"York Washington Artil- lerists." In the issue of February 8 : "On February 2,Gen.La Fayettewas met by abattalion ofVolunteers compos- ed of Capt.Nes,Artillery,Captains Small,Barnitz,Frysinger and Stuck's infantry and Capt.Sampson Smith's Rifle Company.At the dinnerprovided by the citi- zens (the tickets being fc.oo each)Jacob Barnitz Esq.,presided with Gen.LaFay- ette on his right,the clergy on his left,assisted by Gen.Ash and Gen.Jacob Spangler as Vice Presidents.About one hundred gentlemen were at the table. Toasts were drunk accompanied by hearty cheering and the music ofthe band whose concord of sweet sounds pleasedtheGeneral betterthan any he has heard since he has been in this country." To the following toast he responded : "LaFayette—We love him as a man,hail him as a deliverer,revere him as a champion of freedom,and welcome himasaguest." To which he gave : "The town of York—the seat of American Union in our mostgloomy times — May the citizens enjoy in the sameproportion theirshare of American prosperity. At his room atMcGrath's Inn (Southwest corner Centre Square and West Market street)he was waited upon by a number of Revolutionary veterans,who had been with him in the times that tried men's souls,placed their lives and fortunes upon thedestiniesofourcountry,to welcome theirold companion inarms—to welcome our Countries benefactor as ourguest." The late David B.Prince,for many years Principal of the York County Academy,in an unpublished letter from York to his father David Prince,of Cumberland,Maine,dated January 15,1825,^^' scribes his impressions of Gen.Lafayette,as follows: "We had thegreat La Fayette here about two weeks ago.I was appointedone of the committee to receive,and hadthe honor to be much about his person,and enjoyed his conversation.He speaks the English very readily,making use of good and appropriate language tho'he has much of the French accent Has a very pleasing and expressive countenance,eyes full,large nose,eye-brows much arched,and when hespeakshe throws them upand down witha smile,every look and gesturemanifestingpeculiar interest to whateverhesays.Heis very ready of BALTZER—RUDOLF—CATHERINE.199 access and makes every oneeasy in his company.When I said to him—General, I am happy to see you looksowell—you appear much younger than I expected to see you—Hereplyed—ThankyouSir—I have enjoyed very good health—I am 67 years.Youhave been in this place before?—I washere once,in '77—I stayed but a short time—36 hours—my businesswas with Mf Congress and //id"Board ofWar."i Upon Gen.Lafayette's death in 1834,funeral obsequies were held in York with the attendant procession." JOHN Schmidt's Death. John Schmidt died August 2,1833.On his monument is in- scribed : "This stone is placed here as a memorial by thedirectors ofthe York Bank." The York Gazette of August 4,1835,has the subjoined obituary: "We have the painful task this morning of announcing the decease ofJohn Schmidt,Esq.,Cashier of theYorkBank.Hedied athisresidence inthisborough on Sunday morning last,aftera painful and lingering illness. "Fewmen occupy a higher place in the confidence andesteem oftheir fellow citizens than did the deceased.He was a faithful,industrious and competent officer oftheinstitution in whose services he laboured for twenty two years.In private lifehisamiabledeportment won for him universal regard and attachment. The death ofsucha man is aloss tothecommunityandassuchisdeeply deplored." From the Pennsylvania Republica?i (York)Augusts,/Sjj: "Died,on Sunday morning last,John Schmidt,Esq.,one of the most wealthy anduseful citizens. "For 18 years past Mr.Schmidt had been the Cashier ofthe York Bank,and discharged itsduties with distinguished ability and usefulness. "His peculiar qualifications and great integrity of character,hadsecured to him thehighest esteemand confidenceofall whoknew him.His loss to the commu- nitywillnoteasily besupplied,while to hisfamily and friends it is irreparable." "A tribute ofrespect to the memoryofJohn Schmidt,Cashierofthe York Bank, a personage ofhigh standing in society:hedied on the 2nd of August,1735,aged about51 years. "As a parent he was kind,as a husband affectionate,a liberal friend to the needyand poor.In hisprofessional calling,he stooda faithful and vigilant senti- nel on the watchtowersofpublic confidence.His characterlike fairest linen laid in open air,the more it is exposedthe more its whitenesswill appear to view.C." Garret Relics. Mr.Schmidt was an extensive reader of contemporaneous litera- ture.At the time of his widow's death,in 1886,the attic was still well filled with old,rare and valuable books,coins,etc.There were also stored interesting relics,not less interesting from being ^App.Note51. 2App.Note56. 200 BALTZER—RUDOI.F-CATHERINE. a bit cobwebby and mysterious,such as bonnets that looked like coal scuttles,and with as many enormous bones as a prehistoric skeleton,andirons,cradles,fire screens,—a long pole with a silk arrangement,—clock with moon face and long chains andweights, faded reticules,blue cups and saucers,mirrors with supporting rods holding a brass candlestick a piece,and resting on a little stand which had a drawer with brass knobs,and tables that looked like along-legged spider.John and Mary Schmidt's children were: /.JANE FORSTER,wife of JOHN S.MILLER,of Win- chester,Va.,married December 26,1843.^^^-Miller was born September 5,1818,and died at York,April 28, 1855.Mr.Miller was a successful merchant in Stras- burg and Winchester,Va.,and died in the latter city, August 5,1863,aged 52-2-5.He was for many years a member of the Board of Directors of the Bank of Win- chester,and the minutes of the Bank contain the follow- "At a meeting of the Board ofDirectors ofthe Bank ofWinchester on Thursday August 6,1S63.President,Robert Y.Conrad,Lewis P.Hartman,Robert vSteel Hugh Sidnell and Richard R.Brown,the death ofJohn S.Miller,late member of this Board,was announced.On motion,Resolved,That we sensibly feel the loss of our late associate and friend,and deplore this bereavement ofthe family and relatives of the deceased,aswell asthe community.Without ostentation or pre- tention,our friend was a man of sound judgment,ofperfect integrity,and kind and generous charity.As a token of our respect and regard,we willattend the funeral ofthe deceased this afternoon.The Cashierisrequestedto furnsshacopy of these minutes to the mother of the deceased,with sincere condolence ofthis Board."ROBERT B.WOLF,Cashier, ROBERT Y.CONRAD,President. Mr.and Mrs.Miller's children: 1.Mary Frances,wife of Edward W.Spangler,Attorney- at-Law,York,Pa. 2.Rev.Lewis G.M.Miller,Roanoke,Va.,married Laura Campbell,of Winchester,Va.Children : I.Laura C.Miller.2.Jane F.Miller. 3.Mary F.Miller.4.Lewis S.F.Miller. 3.Dr.Wm.P.Miller,Winchester,Va. 2.GEORGE BARNITZ SCHMIDT,died August 2,1854, aged 34-8.He was one of the California Argonauts of 1849. McUKATH'b INN,YORK,iP.197.: WHERE GEN.LAFAYETTE WAS ENTERTAINED IN 1825. ROUND DANCES,1820.iP.197.: BALTZER—RUDOLF-CATHERINE.201 JOHN FREDERICK SCHMIDT,was one of the Argo- nauts of 1849,and died in San Francisco,February 4, 1854,of typhoid fever. HENRY D.SCHMIDT,born October 22,1826,died Jan- uary 19,1883.When a boy he entered the large hard- ware store of P.A.&S.Small,whom he served most faithfully,gaining merited promotions,and after a continuous service of twenty years in this relation he moved with his wife and family to Carlisle,Pa.,where he engaged in the grain business until 1862,when ill- health compelled him to relinquish it.After his return to York,and partial restoration of his health,he was elected Cashier of the First National Bank,and contin- ued so for five years,when failing health compelled him to seek the dry climate of Minneapolis,Minnesota.He invested largely in real estate in that flourishing city where he expected to reside permanently.The intense cold winters of that latitude,after a lapse of five or six years,caused him to retrace his steps to York.He was offered fine business positions but was compelled to de- cline them.In 1873,he,with his family,spent a year in Stuttgart,Germany,where his children attended a German University.At the time of his death in 1883, he was trustee of the mortgage to secure the bonds of the York and Peachbottom Railroad.To high business qualifications and a most conscientiousdischarge of duty, Mr.Schmidt united a kindness and greatness of manner and deportment which endeared him to all his friends and associates. Henry D.Schmidt married Mary Louisa Carson,daugh- ter of Charles Smith Carson,who was a prominent mer- chant and farmer of Harrisburg,Pa.He served in the war of 1812,and when the Confederate forces invaded Pennsylvania in 1863,was commissioned a Captain by Gov.Curtin,of a company raised to protect the Capitol, at the time being one of the oldest men in service.His father,John Carson,married Margaret (Sarah)Duncan, of Carlisle.He served in the Revolutionary war in Col. 202 BAI.TZER—RUDOLF—CATHERINE. Thomas Hartley's Regiment,ist Penn'a Brigade,Gen. Wayne's Division,in the battles of Brandywine and Ger- mantown ;was Jndge of the Courts of Dauphin county for many years prior to and at his death. John Carson,the first,was one ofthe earliest and most prominent settlers along the Susquehanna river;he mar- ried Ann Pywell and died years before the Revolution. He was a trusted trading merchant.The entries run from 1743 for nearly twenty years.Children: 1.JohnC.Schmidt,Chain Manufacturer,York.Children: I.Katherine Schmidt.2.Henry D.Schmidt. 3.Mary D.Schmidt. 2.George S.Schmidt,Attorney-at-Law,York.Children: I.Mary Schmidt.2.George Schmidt. 3.Mary,wife of Louis B.Parrott,Importer,San Fran- cisco,California.Children : I.Marie Louise Parrott.2.Daisy Parrott. 3.GEORGE AUGUSTUS BARNITZ,born August 13,1801,bap- tized September 20,1801,married Maria C.Doudel November 24, 1835,died May 14,1871.He was educated at Princeton College, and after his graduation was admitted to the York Bar,and was appointed Deputy Attorney General for York county,February 23, 1830.He subsequently became a partner of Adam King as edi- tor and proprietor of the York Gazette from 1829 ^o 1834. He was also Clerk of the Courts and often acted as School Direc- tor.His widow,Maria C.Barnitz,died August 28,1888,aged 71- 9-23.They resided on the south side of West Market street, between Beaver street and Centre Square.Children: /.JONATHAN D.BARNITZ,Company B,87th Pa.Inf , born September 23,1S40,died August i,1862,at New Creek,W.Va. 2.FRANK H.BARNITZ,Lake Spring,Missouri. J.MICHAEL D.BARNITZ.4.MARY BARNITZ. 5.GEORGE A.BARNITZ.6.LAURA BARNITZ. 7.ANNIE BARNITZ.S.CAMILLA BARNITZ. 4.CHRISTIANA H.,wife of ERNEST F.BLECK,Bethlehem, Pa.Child: BALTZER—RUDOLF—CATHERINE.203 /.LAURA E.B.,wife of FREDERICK CLOUDER,Beth- lehem,Pa.Children: 1.George E.Clouder,New York City. 2.Mary H.,wife ofJohn J.Zimmele. 5.REBECCA,wife of ALEXANDER H.BARNITZ,born Janu- ary 9,1807,married March 21,1837,died July 20,1886.Mr. Barnitz was a druggist and Captain of the York National Grays and Washington Blues,1830-42,and passenger conductor on the Pennsylvania railroad.He was born July 14,1804,and died Feb- ruary 27,1874.Son: /.GEORGE ERNEST BARNITZ,born January 30,1840, died December 8,1892.Children: 1.Mary L.,wife of John J.Scoggins,Baltimore,Md. 2.Jennie R.,wife of William D.Young,York,Pa. 6.DAVID BARNITZ,died unmarried. 7.MARGARETTA,wife of JOHN EVANS,born October 10, 1812,died August 29,1843.Mr.Evans read law with the Hon. Thaddeus Stevens,(the most distinguished individual during the war in civil life,save Abraham Lincoln),and was admitted to the bar in York,May 3,1822 ;President James Buchanan,then an attorney,being one of the committee of examination.On July 20,1820,he was one of the editors of the York Recorder;March 12,1821,Eli Lewis purchased the paper.He was Captain of the Pennsylvania Volunteers,of York,1830-40,and at one time editor of the York Republican,and president of the York Water Com- pany.In 1829 ^^'^'^^appointed Deputy Attorney General for York county by the Attorney General of the State. From the Pennsylvania Republican,(York)December31,/Sjj: MARRIED! Last evening John Evans,Esq.,to Miss Margaret Barnitz,daughter ot theHon. George Barnitz,all of this Borough. "Tisdone,tis done—the pledge is past The words of loveare spoken And rourd theirhearts a chain is cast Which cannot now be broken Its links were there forever set The moment that their pulses met And welded in one burning grasp — A bond no mortalcan unclasp." "May their waysbe ways of pleasantness. And all their pathsprove paths ofpeace." 204 BAlvTZER—RUDOLF—ELIZABETH. He was the first president,1852,ofthe York County Agricul- tural Society.He was a most active and distinguished member of the York Bar to the time ofhis death,January 30,1876.Chil- dren: /.EDWARD J.EVANS,Attomey-at-Law,born January 5, 1837,died April 19,1880;married to Fannie Edwards Chapin.Children : I.Fannie E.Evans.2.Margaretta B.Evans. 3.Mary P.Evans,all of York,Pa. 2.MARY E.,wife of FELIX W.LINEBACH,Reading,Pa. Children : I.John E.Liuebach.2.Ellen Theresa Linebach. 3.Annie M.Linebach.4.Mary Linebach. VL ELIZABETH,wife of WM.NES, (Daughter of Rudolf Spengler.) Wm.Nes,born July 13,1761,died July 19,1828.Elizabeth Nes,born February 23,1773,died April 14,1844.Both lie in Christ Lutheran churchyard,York. Wm.Nes kept a general store on the southwest corner of Mar- ket and Water streets,and afterwards moved to the northwest cor- ner of Centre Square and Market street,then Court House Square and High street,where he continued as a leading merchant.He was County Treasurer from 1817 to 1820,and a member of the Pennsylvania Assembly 1820-21.The merchant's advertisements of those days,including the one of Mr.Nes,were unique and quite interesting^ From the York Recorder,July 22,182S: OBITUARY, "Died on Saturday evening the 19th instant,William Nes,Esq.,ofan extremely painful and lingeringdisease,aged aboutsixty-eight years.Mr.Nes wasTreasurer of the Countyof York the usual time the office isheld by oneindividual,and was afterwards a representative in the House ofRepresentatives of the General Assem- bly.For many yearshe wasoneofthemostenterprising andsuccessfulmerchants of York;and in all his vocations,whether public or private,he sustained the character of an honest man.He was ofanobliging and friendly disposition;to his friends he was devoted,and in his friendshipshe was ardent and sincere.He 'App.Note57. CHARLES F.FISHER,HELEN DOROTHEA FISHER,1830.(p.211 WILLIAM NES,ELIZABETH NES,1807.'P.204. BALTZER—RUDOLF—ELIZABETH.205 is translated to that world ofmystery,where he will rest from his labors and his works willfoUowhxm." From the York Gazette ofJanuaryzg,1828: "Departed thislife on Saturday evening,the igth inst.afteratedious and pain- ful illness,William Nes,Esq.,of this place.In this afflicting dispensation of Providence,we have to deplore the loss ofone ofour most respectable and useful citizens.A man of integrity,virtue and benveolence,—one who in thevarious situations of father,friend and neighbor,was beloved and respected;and endeared to his acquaintance by the frankness and urbanity of his manner.Honourable and upright in all his dealings,whether public or private,it mayjustly be said, he was one of the noblest works ofGod—an honestman." "Could the kind wishes offriends and acquaintance—orthe untiring watchful- ness and attention of those towhom he wasendeared by theties of kindred and affection have stayed the relentlesshand of death,we had been sparedthetask of rendering this humble tribute to a man ofworth.Long will his memory be cher- ished by the wide circle from which he has thus been unexpectedly separated— but longer,much longer will it be ere the void whichis made at the domestic fire- side can be forgotten,or the wounded heartsofthose to whom the departed was near and dear can be made whole.But even for them there isconsolation in the assurance that "to die is gain"—that it is but the exchangeofmortality for im- mortality,and that thehusband,father,friend is released from a scene ofsuffering and misery',toenter upon one ofinterminable happiness and felicity." "But whymore woe!More comfort let it be. Nothing is dead but thatwhich wished to die. Nothing is dead but wretchedness and pain: Nothing is dead but what encumber'd,gall'd, Blocked up thepass,and barred from real life. Where dwells thatwish most ardent ofthe wise Too dark,thesun to see it;highest stars Too low to reach it;Death,great Death above. O'er stars and sun triumphant,lands usthere." Their children were : 1.CHARLES NES,died unmarried,January 8,1864,aged 70-7- 26.He was Deputy Marshall for York county in 1820,and Re- corder of Deeds 1830-3. 2.SAMUEL NES,died in Baltimore.Children : /.GEORGE NES,died in Baltimore.Children: I.Ella McDowell.2.Mary Kirkman. 3.Charles M.Nes.4.Lucretia Nes. 5.George F.Nes. 2.ELIZABETH,wife of MORGAN COLEMAN.Child: I.Charles M.Coleman. J.CATHERINE,wife of PETER SHREINER,deceased. Child: I.Edward C.Shreiner,Baltimore,Md. 206 BALTZER—RUDOLF—ELIZABETH. 4.ALFRED NES. 5.WILLIAM NES,Baltimore,Md.,died in the Union Army. No issue. 3.REBECCA,wife ofJOHN R.DONNELL,deceased.Mr.Don- nell was a member of the Pennsylvania Assembly,1831-33,of the State Constitutional Convention of 1838,and Prothonotary of York county 1850-53.Children: /.REBECCA DONNELL. 2.CHARLES DONNELL;Littlestown,Pa. 4.Hon.HENRY NES,M.D.,born May 20,1802,died Septem- ber 10,1850.Coroner 1824-1830;married Elizabeth,daughter of Benjamin Weiser,August 25,1825.She was born January 19, 1806,died April 29,1845.He received a liberal education;stud- ied medicine,and practiced for many years,and filled several local offices.He was Brigade Surgeon at the time ofthe Division encampment in York,in 1841.' He was elected to represent York county in the Twenty-eighth Congress,as an independent,receiving 4,016 votes against 3,413 votes for Dr.Alexander Small,Democrat,serving from December 4,1843,to March 3,1845;'^^was again elected to the Thirtieth Congress as a Whig;and was re-elected to the Thirty-first Con- gress,receiving 6,599 votes against 5,989 votes for J.B.Danner, the Democratic candidate,serving to September 10,1850,when he died at York from pulmonary affections.Dr.Nes was a man of remarkable personal popularity,and possessed an extraordinary faculty for electioneering.He was a member of the House of Rep- resentatives when Ex-President John Quincy Adams,then a fellow member,fell from his chair from a stroke of apoplexy.Dr.Nes was one of his attending physicians. Washington,29th,May '48. Dear Sir:—An offering of a small mementocontaining the hairofmy late and ever venerated husband,as a token ofgratitude to Dr.Nes,for his kind attention to the venerated deceased,during his illness,although delayed,will,I trust prove acceptable as a gift from the widow ofJ.Q.Adams. LOUISA CATHERINE ADAMS. The Hon.Thaddeus Stevens delivered in Congress an eloquent eulogy on the life of Dr.Nes." BAI.TZER—RUDOLF—ELIZABETH.207 Children of Henry Nes : /.Dr.CHARLES M.NES,York ;inventor ofSilicon steel process;married Caroline King,August 25,1846;was appointed by President Grant,Commissioner on iron and steel to the Vienna Exposition.Children : 1.Henry Nes.Children : I.H.Gordon Nes.2.Everett V.Nes. 2.Charles M.Nes.3.Bessie,wife of Eli L.Forney. 4.Gulick E.Nes. 2.ARABELLA,deceased wife of E.A.King,deceased,mar- ried September 5,1851.Son: Dr.Harry B.King,York.Son : Edward Hersh King. J.FREDERICK F.NES,deceased,born October 21,1832, died July 2,1879.He was employed in the U.S.Coast Survey with the rank of Captain in the U.S.Navy. Children: 1.Charles I.Nes,Chain Manufacturer,York.Daughter: I.Mary E.Nes. 2.David Nes,graduated at the U.S.Naval School,An- napolis,Md.Resigned on account ofill health and died in New Mexico,in 1893. 3.Agnes Fulton Nes. 4.MARGARET,deceased wife of G.W.DOTY,Clintonville, Wisconsin.Children : I.Frederick Doty.2.Giles Doty. 3.Harry Doty;Chicago,111. f.ADA E.,wife of Dr.B.F.SPANGLER,York ;married November 12,1868.Children: I.Theresa Spangler.2.Chauncey K.Spangler. 5.WILLIAM NES,born October 3,1797,died October 10,1830. He was Captain of the Washington Artillerists at the time of Gen. LaFayette's visit to York in 1825,and subsequently Brigade In- spector 1st Brigade,5th Division,Penn'a Militia.Married Sep- tember 19,1819,Eva C.Eichelberger,who was bornJanuary 17, 1798,died September 7,1880.He was in Capt.Michael H. Spangler's Company in war of 1812-14,and was engaged in the battle of North Point. 208 BAI^TZER—RUDOLF—MARY. From the York Republican ofOctober ig,rSjo: Major Wm.NES whose mortal remains were last week consigned to the final abodeofall living,was a memberof the old York Volunteers,which marcheddur- ing thelate war,from this place for the defense of Baltimore,under the command ofCol.(then Captain)M.H.Spaugler.The Major was then only about i8 years old.His funeral was attended by the military ofthisplace;the remaining few (14)of the old York Volunteers marched in citizensdress at the head ofthe pro- cession.Atthe time ofhis death he v,-as Brigade Inspector of the 1st Brigade,5th Division,P.M. Children of Wm.Nes: /.WM.FREDERICK NES,born March 2,1823,died March II,1845. 2.JEFFERSON NES,born January 14,1826,diedJanuary 28,1846. J.HAMILTON NES,born January 3,1827,died May 17, 1879.Children: 1.Wm.J.Nes,Attorney-at-Law,York. 2.L.Kate,wife of Wm.C.Warner,Titusville,Pa. vn.MARY,wife of PETER SMALL, (Daughter of Rudolf Spengler.) Married April 27,1797.Mr.Small was County Commissioner in 1813,Post-Master of York,1814-15-17-21,and died April 30, 1823,^g^d 45 years.Children: 1.DANIEL SMALL,born December 31,1799,died August 5, 1886.He was Post-Master of York,1829 to 1839,when the Post Office was located in the Griffith building adjoining the National House.He moved to Schuylkill Haven about 1840,where he be- came local agent for the Philadelphia and Reading Rail Road,and died there.Children: /.GEORGE F.SMALL,dead.2.JOHN E.SMALL,dead. J.MARY M.,wife of WM.H.THOMAS,Haddonfield,N.J. 4.ELIZABETH F.,wife of Dr.JOSEPH W.BIRD,Tre- mont,Pa. 5.ANNIE F.SMALL,dead.6.DANIEL SMALL,dead. 7.CATHERINE H.SMALL,Philadelphia,Pa. <?.RUDOLPH S.SMALL,dead. p.WM.F.SMALL,Philadelphia,Pa. BAI.TZER—RUDOI.F—MARY.209 lo.PETER SMALL,Olean,N.Y. //.ROBERT F.SMALL,Wilkes Barre,Pa. 2.MARGARET MARIA,first wife of HENRY WELSH,deceas- ed,born September 29,1804,married April 27,1823 died October 8,1834.Henry Welsh,born January 13,1800,died June 23, 1883.He was editor of the York Gazette for a number of years, President of the York Bank,and a Director of the Northern Cen- tral Railroad.He was a man of dominant political influence in this county,and was on terms of intimate friendship with the late Senator Simon Cameron,the dictator in his day of Pennsylvania politics.Children : /.WM.H.WELSH,Washington,D.C,was President of the Pennsylvania State Senate in 1856-9;private secre- tary of James Buchanan,Minister to Great Britain,and Auditor in the United States Treasury Department. 2.Lieut.GEORGE P.WELSH,U.S.Navy,born March 26,1824,died April 26,i860,on board U.S.Frigate Sabine,in the harbor of Aspinwall.He was buried in York with Military and Masonic honors,June 18,i860. Children : I.George P.Welsh.Wm.G.Welsh,Reading,Pa. J.MARY,wife of the late Admiral CLARK H.WELLS, U.S.Navy.Children: 1.Harry Wells,Washington,D.C. 2.Ellen S.,wife of Lieut.Reeder,U.S.Navy. 3.DAVID SMALL,died August 8,1885,aged 73-5-4.He was associate proprietor and editor of the York Gazette from 1835 to the time of his death,and was Post-Master of York,1842 to 1849, and 1857 to 1861;Director of the Poor,1861;Chief Burgess of York,1862 to 1871;Director of the York Bank for 30 years,and Farmers'Insurance Company 10 years;Presidential Elector on the Tilden ticket 1876.Children : /.JOHN E.SMALL,Teller,York National Bank.Children: 1.L.R.Morgan Small.3.Walter Small. 2.Adeline,wife of Frank Motter. -'.JAMES B.SMALL,Stationer;Post-Master of York,1888 to 1892,died January 24,1892,aged 50 years.Children: I.Charles E.Small.2.James H.Small. 210 BAIvTZER—RUDOLF—MARGARET. 3.David J.Small. J.LUTHER A.SMALL,Journalist,and Chief Burgess of York,1883-4.Child: I.Emma,wife of Melvin W.Fisher. 4.JOHN SMALL,died at Harrisburg,Pa.,July 9,1836,aged 27 years.Catherine Beard,wife of John Small,died February 6, 1883,aged 74 years.Children : /.General M.P.SMALL,U.S.A.,died at Governor's Island,New York,August i,1893,aged 61 years.He graduated from the U.S.Military Academy,West Point. On April 9,1865,he was promoted to Bvt.Brig.General for faithful and meritorious services in the Subsistance Department during the Rebellion.His remains repose in Prospect Hill cemetery,York. 2.MARY GERTRUDE,wife of Rev.J.P.FUGETTE, Baltimore,Md. viiL MARGARET,wife ofJOSEPH SLAGLE, (Daughter of Rudolf Spengler.) Winchester,Va.,born in York,March 14,1773,married in York September 22,1807,died in Winchester,Va.,April 15,1852. Children : 1.ELLEN E.,wife of PETER MILLER,Merchant,Winchester, Va.,born September 11,181 1,married August 21,1834,died Sep- tember 5,1856.Children: 1.PETER MILLER,died September 5,1861,aged 26 years, in Winchester,Va. 2.MARGARET,wife of Dr.CASPER HINKLE,New Market,Virginia. 3.LAURA v.,wife of MAURICE L ADLER,Georgetown, District of Columbia. 4.MARY ELLEN,wife of JACOB E.BAKER,Winchester, Virginia. 5.A.H.MILLER,Winchester,Virginia. 2.JOHN W.SLAGLE.born March 10,1813,married in Balti- more to Sarah E.,daughter of Alexander Yearly,of that city, died in Baltimore,Md.Had one daughter: BALTZKR—RUDOLF-HELEN DOROTHEA.211 /.C.B.SLAGLE,who died in Philadelphia,April 20,1880. 3.MARGARET A.,wife of A.Von RIESEN,born August 8, 181 7,died November 5,1888,at Winchester,Virginia. 4.HENRY S.SLAGLE,born October 29,1819,Winchester,Va. 5.CORNELIUS B.SLAGLE,born December 22,1821,dead. 6.CHARLES F.SLAGLE,born March 4,1824,dead. IX.HELEN DOROTHEA,wife of CHARLES FRED- ERICK FISHER, (Daughter of Rudolf Spengler.) Married October 2,1808,died May 15,1842,aged 52-10-21. Mr.Fisher died August 26,1S42,aged 59 years and 23 days. They lived on the east side of North George street in a two- story brick house,second house from Centre Square.He was a Tin and Copper Smith,and a retired merchant later in life. ''YORK COUNTY SS.Dr. toJohn FisherSenr. Topainting the CoatofArms to and for the use of theCourt House .^25.00 To carving and Guilding the Image to the same 5.00 /30-00" It was in this Court House that the citizens met to take proper measures against the threatened burning of the town in 1781 by Gen.Wayne's mutineers.' "Commissioners'Office,October 7,1796. ToJohn Hay Esqr.TreasurerofYork County Sir,Eleasepay to the bearer hereof John FisherSenr.the foregoiug sum of Thirty Pounds Allowed Pr. JOS.WELSHANS 1 ^THOS.BLACK }Commissioners. Received Payment CHARLES FREDERICK FISHER." Children : 1.MARIA M.,wife of ALEXANDER DEMUTII,deceased,born August 24,1814,married September 12,1837,^^^^August 25, lApp.Note59}^ 212 BAI.TZER—RUDOI.F—HEIvEN DOROTHEA. 1857.Alexander Demutli,born August 15,1808,died January 17,1892.Children: /.CHARLES F.DEMUTH,Des Moines,Iowa. 2.SUSAN DEMUTH,dead.3.JULIA DEMUTH,York. 2.JULIA MARGARET FISHER,died single,March 18,1839, aged 21 years. 6.JOHN SPENGLER, (Son of Baltzer,Sr.) Bom June 29,1747,baptized Spengler July 15,1747,died October 11,1796,in York (now Springgarden)township.The remains of himselfand wife lie in Prospect Hill cemetery. Margaret,his wife,(daughter of Michael Beard)died September I,1845,aged 92 years.He resided on a portion of the old Baltzer Spengler Homestead at the Plank Road,adjoining York,on the southeast.He was one of the Committee of Revolutionary Cor- respondence and of the Committee of Safety,1775,a member of the Second Company,Third Battalion,York County Militia,in the Revolutionary War,and County Commissioner in 1790—3.In the old and handsome family Bible of John Spengler,was found by the writer a letter in German,alleged to have been written by God Himself and delivered by an angel at Madgeburg,Germany in 1783.It exempted the possessors from lightning,fire and water.A century ago it made a profound impression.' Negro Slavery in York County. In John Spengler's will occurs the following: "I alsogive and bequeath unto my wife Margaretmy negro wenchJudeand my negro man Tony and his wife Fanny and negrogirl Rachael for the term ofseven years after which timethey shall be set at liberty and be free." Henry and Baltzer Spengler,Sr.,both owned slaves at the time of their demise.The facts and incidents concerning slavery in this county make interesting as well as unsavory reading." JoHN Spengler's Children: 1.Zachariah Spangler. 2.William Spangler. 214 BAlvTZER—JOHN—ZACHARIAH. 3.Sarah,wife of Smyserand Michael Welsh. 4.Rebecca,wife ofGeorgeJacobs and Eli Hendricks. 5.John Spangler. 6.Martin Spangler. 7.Maria Margaret,wife of Jacob Bnckey,George ]\Iiller and Philip Dietrick. 8.Juliana,wife of Dr.William Mcllvain. I.ZACHARIAH SPANGLER, (Son of John.) Born March 10,1778,baptized April 17,1778,married Sarah, daughter of Philip Gardner of Hellam township.He was Sheriff from 1818 to 1821 and Justice of the Peace,1828 to 1835.Sarah, his wife,died November 3,1847,^g^d 58 years and one day. Children : 1.SARAH MARGARET,wifeofJOHN GARDNERCAMPBELL, deceased,of York,born January 2,1824,married January 22,1846. Mr.Campbell was born in 1812,in Chanceford township.He was President of the York County Bank and a distinguished mem- ber of the York Bar.Children : 7.HELEN,deceased wife of JAMES G.McDOWEEE. .2.FLORENCE CAMPBELL. 3.DORA,second wife ofJAMES G.McDOWELL. 2.ALEXANDER SPANGLER,died September 5,1885. 3.HAMILTON G.SPANGLER,born March 14,1818,died March 1881. 4.ELIZABETH SPANGLER,died April 1881. 5.LOUISA M.,wife of COLIN K.McCURDY,Harrisburg,Pa., born November 1809,married April^,1834,died at Middletown, Pa.,June,1887.Mr.McCurdy was an editor and State Printer. Children: /.MARY,wife of KIRK FEW,Middletown,Pa.Children: 1.Kirk Few,Washington,D.C. 2.Coline S.Few,Philadelphia,Pa. BALTZER—JOHN—SARAH.215 2.FANNIE,wife of RUFUS E.CABLE,Probate Judge Wyandotte,Kansas.Children: I.Ebert S.Cable.2.Marie L.Cable. 3.Colin Cable.4.Kirk L.Cable. 5.Frank S.Cable,all of Kansas City,Kansas. 3.BENJAMIN F.McCURDY,Omaha,Nebraska. 6.JULIAN SPANGLER,born June 18,1816. II.WILLIAM SPANGLER, (Son of John.) Born September 21,1783,died October 28,1875,aged 92-1-7. He was Sheriffof York county,1827 to 1830.His first wife was named Anna Mary,(Maria),and after her death,February 14, 1826,aged 32 years.He married October 3,1830,Sarah,widow of George W.Spangler,son of George Spangler,Jr.,with whom he had no issue. 1.REBECCA,second wife ofJOHN GETZ,deceased,York. 2.WM.NATHAN SPANGLER,dead. 3.MARIAH SPANGLER,dead. 4.LUCY,deceased wifeof EMERSONJ.CASE,dec'd.Children: /.LUCY CASE,dead.j.FLORA CASE. 2.FANNIE,wife of CHESTER H.THOMAS. 5.EDWARD SPANGLER,Stage Carpenter at Ford's Theatre at the time of Lincoln's Assassination. 6.THEODORE SPANGLER,died unmarried,April 15,1852, aged 35 years. 7.LEANDER SPANGLER,born July 17,1815,died unmarried. III.SARAH,wife of SMYSER, (Daughter of John Spangler.) Deceased.She afterwards married Michael Welsh,with whom she had no children. 216 BALTZER—JOHN—JOHN. IV.REBECCA,wife of GEORGE JACOBS, (Daughter of John Spangler.) She afterwards married Eli Hendricks,August 14,1823,"^ith whom she also had children.She was born November 24,1787, baptized January 15,1788.Children: 1.MARGARET JANE JACOBS,wife ofJOHN R.McDOWELL, died in Washington,D.C.Children: /.WILDEY J.McDOWELIv. 2.JAMES G.McDOWELL. J.MAGGIE R.,wife of SAMUEL B.McNITT,Mifflin Co., Pennsylvania. 4.REBECCA A.,wife ofSAMUEL F.FREY,York,Pa. 5.WM.H.McDOWELL,Company G,9th Pa.Cav.,died in Andersonville Prison,February 22,1865. 2.THEODORE R.JACOBS,died unmarried. 3.OLIVER PERRY JACOBS,died in York,Pa.Children : 1.MARGARET V.,wife of FRANK SMITH. 2.GEORGE M.JACOBS.3.WM.H.JACOBS. 4..THEODORE R.JACOBS. 5.ANNIE,wife of ALLEN WOLLET. 6.OLIVER P.JACOBS. 7.SUSAN,wife of CHARLES FOOSE. 8.JOHN D.JACOBS. 9.MARY C,wife of HORACE FREY. 4.JOHN HENDRICKS,died in the army in 1863.No issue. 5.MARIA HENDRICKS,died about 1850.No issue. V.JOHN SPANGLER, (Son of John.) Born December i,1779,baptized December 31,1779,died at Marietta,Pa.,October 4,1841.He married May 27,1812,Ann (Nancy)Barr,(Bear)of Maytown,Pa.,who died in 1870,aged 90 years.Children : 1.BARR SPANGLER,Merchant,Marietta,Pa.Children: /.CUVIER SPANGLER.Children : BALTZER—JOHN—JOHN.217 I.Mary Spangler.2.Annie Spangler. 3.Barr Spangler. ^.-CHARLES SUMNER SPANGLER.Children: I.Sue Spangler.2.Paul Barr Spangler. 3.Florence Spangler. J.ANNA BELL,wife of LIMSON STETIGEN.Children. I.Mary Stetigen.2.Barr Stetigen. 2.WM.A.SPANGLER,married Rebecca J.Patterson,died in 1849.Children : 1.JOHN A.SPANGLER,Lancaster,Pa.;married Sarah Fahnestock.Children: 1.Carrie,wife ofJohn L.Cohoe. 2.Wm.A.Spangler.3.Samuel P.Spangler. 2.ANNA MARTHA,wife ofFRANKLIN B.SPEAKMAN, Coatesville,Pa.Children: 1.Charles H.Speakman,Coatesville,Pa. 2.Ida F.,wife of John A.Coyle,Attorney-at-Law,Lan- caster,Pa. 3.Frederick W.Speakman,Coatesville,Pa. J.MARY J.,wife of LEVI S.HALDEMAN,Marietta,Pa. Children: I.Rebecca S.Haldeman.2.Bertha P.Haldeman. 3.Edna S.Haldeman. 4.ADALINE,wife ofJOHN W.RICH,Marietta,Pa.Chil- dren: 1.Harry Rich. 2.Addie K.,wife of Charles Harlan,Philadelphia,Pa. 3.JAMES SPANGLER,Humboldt,Tennessee.Children : /.FRANCIS C.SPANGLER. 2.WM.A.SPANGLER. 3.JAMES BARR SPANGLER. 4.SALLIE A.SPANGLER. 5.JULIA A.SPANGLER. 6.PATTERSON A.SPANGLER. 7.JOHN S.G.SPANGLER. 4.FRANCES,wife of SAMUEL PATTERSON,no issue. 5.JANE,wife of S.P.STERRETT,died in 1S90,without issue. 218 BALTZER—JOHN-MARTIN. vi.MARTIN SPANGLER, (Son of John.) He lived in a house on the lot on which C.E.Lewis built a new structure on West Market street;and owned a tannery on the southeast corner of Market and Newberry streets.He mar- ried,April 17,1810,Lydia Gardner,who died in 1847.He moved to Milburn,N.J.,where he died June 6,1863,aged 81-1-3. Children : 1.ELEANOR,wife of EPHRAIM KIEFFER.Children: /.HANNAH MARIA,born at Bellefonte,Pa.;marriedJOHN R.CORNELIUS,Editor of the Lewisburg,Pa.Chroni- cle,(now deceased).Children: 1.Nellie,wife of Rev.Mr.Sagebeer,a Baptist Minister, Flemington,NewJersey. 2.Edith Cornelius,near Baltimore,Md. 3.Rea Cornelius,dead. 2.JOHN BRAINARD KIEFFER,born October 20,1839; was for many years Professor of Greek in Franklin and Marshall College ;married Lalla M.B.Troup.Daughter: I.Josephine KiefTer. 3.Rev.JOSEPH SPANGLER KIEFFER,born February 3,1842;Pastor Zion's Lutheran church,Hagerstown, Md.Married,1868,Mary Clarke,Harrisburg,Pa.Chil- dren: I.Bessie Kieffer.2.John Kieffer. 3.Clark Kieffer.2.Eleanor Kieffer. 5.Henry Kieffer.6.Paul Kieffer. 7.Richard Kieffer. 4.LYDIA JANE,wife of LUTHER C.FURST,Cedar Springs,Clinton county.Pa.She was born December 29,1843.Children : 1.Eleanor,wife of Dr.Carrothers,Somerset,Pa. 2.Dr.Robert G.Furst.3.Guy H.Furst. 4.Edgar Furst.5.Luther Furst. 6.Henry Furst.7.Miriam Furst. 5.Rev.HENRY MARTYN KIEFFER,D.D.,born Octo- ber 5,1845;married Mary Mylin,of Lancaster,Pa.;is BAI.TZER—JOHN—MARIA MARGARET.219 now Pastor of the Third Street Reformed church,Easton, Pa.This church is the oldest church in Easton,having been erected in 1776.The ground on which it stands was given by the Penns and was used as a hospital dur- ing the Revolutionary War.Some very important trea- ties between the six Nations of Indians and the U.S. Commissioners,(Thomas Paine,Secretary)were held in this church,to determine whether this powerful Indian Confederation should side with the Colonies or with Great Britain in the great struggle.Dr.Kieffer is the author of "Recollections of a Drummer Boy,""College Chapel Services "and the "New Hymnal of the Re- formed Church."Children : I.Edna Jeanne Kieffer.2.Henry Mylin KiefFer. 6.BENJAMIN EPHRAIM KIEFFER,born July 18,1847, dead. 2.JOHN SPANGLER,Milburn,New Jersey.Children : /.GEORGE W.SPANGLER,Saratoga Springs,N.Y. 2.Mrs.AGNES FEYM,Flagtown,N.J. VII.MARIA MARGARET,wife ofJACOB BUCKEY, (Daughterof John Spengler.) Born January 8,1790,married May 2,1811.Mr.Buckey died February 12,1817 ;wife of George Miller,married 1819.Mr. Miller died in 1832 ;wife of Philip Dietrick,who died in 1835. No issue. Children by Mr.Buckey.Son : 1 .JACOB M.BUCKEY,deceased.Children : /.CLARENCE P.BUCKEY,Merchant,Spencer,Iowa. 2.KEMP P.BUCKEY,Frederick,Md. 3.HATTIE B.,wife of TYLER WILSON,Chicago,111. 4.RIDO LEE BUCKEY,Chicago,111. Children by Mr.Miller : 1.ANN M.,wifeofCHARLES MANTZ,Merchant,Frederick,Md. 2.SARAH,wife of LEWIS G.KEMP,deceased.Children: /.CHARLES T.KEMP,Merchant,Frederick,Md. 220 BALTZER—JOHN—JULIANA. 2.BUCKEY KEMP,Merchant,Chicago,111. 3.LOUISA,wife of JOHN H.DIETERICK,Frederick,Md. 3.WM.S.MILLER,married Mary R.Buckey,now deceased. Children: /.EVELYN,wife of Dr.A.W.FORD,Brooklyn,N.Y. 2.GEORGE W.MILLER,Ellsworth,Iowa. 3.DANIEL B.MILLER,Frederick,Md. 4.ISABEL,wife ofWM.N.MARTIN,Merchant,Kingston, New York. 5.MARY R.,wife of WM.P.DENEGRE,Manufacturer, Chestnut Hill,Pa. vin.JULIANA,wife of Dr.WILLIAM McILVAIN. (Daughter ofJohn Spengler.) Born May 20,1794,baptized July 3,1794,and died July 15, 1854.Dr.Mcllvain was a son ofJohn Mcllvain,Capt.of the Fifth Company,Third Battalion,York County Militia,and portion of the New Jersey Flying Camp. The Doctor was a native of Adams,then a part of York county, and was educated at Dickinson College.He moved to York about 1813,where he became a famous physician.In 1816 and many years after,he was Surgeon of the 94th Regiment,Pennsylvania Militia.In 1818 he was Coroner,and State Senator in 1823,^i^*^ was twice re-elected.He was a member of the Reception Com- mittee when Gen.Harrison visited York,and in 1840 a Presiden- tial Elector on the Harrison ticket,and in 1848 on the Taylor ticket.He resided on the north side of East Market street,second house west of Duke street. He died December 15,1854,aged 71 years.He is buried in the Presbyterian churchyard,and on his monument is the following inscription:"In memory of Dr.William Mcllvain,aged 71 years. Here ends his busy and useful life ;to the public a faithful servant; to his own people and his friends a surerock of defence."Children: 1.CAROLINE,wife of Dr.THEODORE N.IIALLER,deceased, born January 10,1815,and married May 3,1836,by Rev.Robert Cathcart.The Doctor was ist Lieutenant of the "York Rangers," BALTZER—JOHN—JUI.IANA.221 afterwards the "York Rifles,'"and Lieut.Col.in 1834,of tlie 94tli Regiment,5tli Division,Penna.Militia.The history of the York Rifles is given to show the military spirit and activity that per- vaded this community fifty years ago.The Doctor was also Pres- ident of the Springgarden Plank Road Company.He was born October 30,1809,and died February 25,1865.Their daughter /.JENNIE,is the wife of ANDREW A.CRAWFORD, Baltimore,Md. 2.ELIZA ANN,wife of GEORGE UPP,deceased,born February 28,1817,married May i,1837,and died September 8,1868. Children : /.CATHERINE V.,wife of FREDERICK EICHELBER- GER,deceased.Children: I.Harry M.Eichelberger.2.Katie Eichelberger. 2.MARY JANE,second wife of JOHN A.WEISER,de, ceased.See page 186. 3.FRANCES M.UPP. 4.MARGARET JULIA,wife of HENRY R.HERR,de- ceased.Children : 1.John Herr.2.George Herr. 3.Fannie Herr.4.Lizzie Herr. 5.WILLIAM HENRY UPP.6.FLORENCE V.UPP. 7.EMMA C.UPP.8.GEORGE ANN UPP. 9.VIRGINIA,wife of AMERICA JOHNSON,deceased. Children : I.Emma Johnson.2.Louise Johnson. 3.JULIA R.,wifeofColonel BENJAMIN STODDERT EWELL, C.S.A.,graduate of West Point and Assistant Adjutant-General on staff of Gen.Joseph E.Johnston.He died at James City,Va., and was a brother to the late Lieutenant General R.S.Ewell, Confederate Army.Julia R.Ewell was born May 5,1821,mar- ried April 16,1839,died in 1894.Child: I.ELIZABETH S.,wife of BEVERLY S.SCOTT,Wil- liamsburg,Va. 4.SARAH C.McILVAIN,born July 25,1822,baptized May 5, 1823,^'^^^September 7,1880. 222 BALTZER—JOHN—JULIANA. 5.MARY LOUISE McILVAIN,born January 2,1828,baptized August 17,1828,died September 13,1869. 6.WM.A.McILVAIN,born March 22,1826,York,died August 5,1895. 7.JOHN EDWIN McILVAIN,born February 7,1830,ist Lieut. 87th Penna.Infantry,Assistant Surgeon Soldier's Home,Milwau- kee,Wis. 8.MARIA JANE,wife of Dr.JAMES W.KERR,deceased,bom March 17,1818.On James W.Kerr's monument in the Presby- terian churchyard is inscribed:"1840-1889.In memory ofJames W.Kerr,M.D.Superintendent 48 years.A tribute from the Sabbath School.He loved the children."Child: /.MARTHA,wife of Dr.W.F.BACON,York. WASHINGTON,1843.'p.206. When Hon.Henry Nes was in Congress. Grand Review of WASHINGTON,1865. HE Union Armies. 7.ELIZABETH,wife of FRANCIS KOONTZ, (Daughter of Baltzer Spengler,Sr.) Born in 1740,and died November 25,1825,^g^^85 years. Francis Koontz died June 16,1804,aged 64 years.They lived on South Beaver street where the Burnham residence now stands. He was a member ofthe Third Company,Third Battalion,York County Militia in the Revolutionary War. "YORK COUNTY SS.Oet.19,1785. To John Hay,Esq.,Treasurer, Sir,Please pay to Frantz Koonts Two Shillings forkilling a Red Fox,the scalpof which he produced to me and proved his having killed the same in this County.WM.SCOTT. The sameday Rec'd the above in full. FRANCIS KOONTZ. Children of Francis Koontz: 1.George Adam Koontz. 2.John Koontz. 3.Jacob Koontz. A.Michael Koontz. I.GEORGE ADAM KOONTZ, Born February 11,1777,baptized March 30,1777,died in York, 1816.He was a hatter.Children: 1.FRANCIS KOONTZ,Jr.,Seven Valley,Pa.,,dead.In 1824 his hand was mangled by the premature discharge of a cannon. Wife Elizabeth.Children : /.CATHERINE,wife of LEWIS H.SUDICK,York. 2.GEORGE KOONTZ,Seven Valley,Pa. 2.ELIZA,wife ofWM.JACKSON,married April 22,1830,and died at Towsontown,Md.Children : 1.ARABELLA,wife of JOHN DUNNING,Towsontown. 2.LUCY,wife ofALEXANDER PARLETT,Baltimore,Md. 224 BALTZER—ELIZABETH—JOHN. J.EIvLEN,wife of CHARLES WISSNER,Baltimore,Md. 4.JANE JACKSON. 5.AMELIA,wife of JOHN VANHORN,Washington,D.C. 3.MARGARET,wife of AMBROSE GENTHER,Lock Haven, Pa.,married July 26,1832,both dead.He was born October i, 1809,and died November 29,1884.Children: 7.CHARLES GENTHER,dead. 2.BAYARD GENTHER,Sunbury,Pa. 3.WM.GENTHER,Philadelphia,Pa. 4.ELLEN,wife of WM.SEDAN,Lock Haven,Pa. 4.AMELIA,wife of WM.LEE,married November 30,i830,and both died in Baltimore,Md.Children: /.GEORGE LEE.2.ALBERT LEE,dead. 3.JANE LEE.5.CHARLES LEE. 4.CATHERINE,wife of HUTCHINSON. 6.SUSAN LEE,Baltimore,Md. II.JOHN KOONTZ, Bom January 2,1770,and diedJuly 2,1836.His wife,Anna Maria,was born 1785,died March 25,1857.He was innkeeper of the Black Horse Hotel,and afterwards of the Washington House,East Market street.Children : 1 .GEORGE KOONTZ,deceased.Children : 7.JOHN KOONTZ,dead. 2.GEORGE L.KOONTZ,York,Company I,nth Penna. Cavalry,and Company F,i66th Penna.Infantry. 3.MARY E.KOONTZ. 2.CHARLOTTE,wife of ANTHONY ECK,succeeded John Koontz as proprietor of the Washington House,and upon his death in 1843,aged 43 years,his wife conducted it until 1864. Children : 7.WETER ECK,died November 2,1881,aged 36 years. 2.JOHN A.ECK,York. 3.AMANDA K.ECK,died March 31,1862,aged 19 years and 6 months. BALTZER—ELIZABETH—MICHAEL.225 3.SPANGLER KOONTZ,bom Januar>'8,i8oi,baptized March 22,iSoi,died childless,February iB,1829. 4.AMANDA,wife of GEORGE W.LOUCKS,died April i6,1841. III.JACOB KOONTZ. He was a hatter.Children: 1.JACOB KOONTZ,York,aged 87 years.Children: /.JACOB KOONTZ,Jr. 2.MARY,wife of SAMUEL RUTH. 3.JENNIE,wife of JACOB SMITH. 4.EMMA,wife of JOSIAH M.JONES. 5.CALVIN KOONTZ. 2.JOHN KOONTZ,dead.Children : /.JOHN KOONTZ.2.FRANK KOONTZ. 3.JACOB KOONTZ,York. 4.GEORGE KOONTZ,Reading,Pa. IV.MICHAEL KOONTZ, Born November 13,1778,baptized December 8,1778,died June 30,1821,childless.He was a hatter. 8.JULIANA,wife of FRANCIS BICKLE, (Daughter of Baltzer Spengler,Sr.) Johann Frantz Wilhelm Bickell married Maria Juliana Speng- ler,December 12,1751.Moved out of the county towards the end of the last century.Children : I.FREDERICK BICKLE. Was a member of his uncle,Captain Rudolph Spengler's Com- pany,also of the 7th Company,3rd Battalion,in the Revolution- ary War. II.MAGDALENA BICKLE. III.HANNAH BICKLE. IV.JOHN BICKLE. Born March 19,1762,baptized April 5,1762. V.ELIZABETH BICKLE. After the most diligent efforts none of the descendants could be discovered. (4.) GEORGE SPENGLER. HANS GEORGE SPENGLER was born in Germany. The Spengler German genealogical tree does not disclose the relationship between him and Caspar,Henry,Balt- zer and George Spengler,aforesaid.His close associa- tion with the latter indicates a cousinship of some kind.He may have been a grandson of Jacob Spengler,of Schoeftland'Switzer- land,and if so,he was a first cousin of Caspar and his brothers. All efforts to obtain the names of the other children of Jacob,if an\-,from the civil authorities of Schoeftland,proved abortive. George Spengler arrived with his wife and children on the ship St.Andrew,at Philadelphia,in the beginningof September,1751, and qualified the 14th.of the same month.Upon his arrival in York county,he settled in IManchester township.His family con- sisted of his wife,Rosina,and children,George Michael,David and Elizabeth.What became of David and Elizabeth and their descendants,if any,the writer was unable to discover.They probably died unmarried.The will of George Spengler seems to indicate that both David and Elizabeth remained in Germany. George Spengler died in March,1754,and Rosina,his wife,in April,1767. George Spengler's Will. "IN THE NAME OF GOD AMEN,Whereas I George Spengler,oftheTown- shipof Manchester in the County ofYork and Province ofPennsylvania Yoeman, being atpresentvery sickand weakinbodybut ofperfectmindandsound memory, thanks be given to God,Do make and ordain this my last will and testamentin mannerfollowing: 1st.—I recommend my soul into the Hands ofAlmighty God hoping and believ- ing a Remission of mySins,by the Merits and Mediation ofJesus Christ,and my body I commit to theearth to beburied in a Decent and Christian manner at the discretion of my Execotorshereinafter named and as to such worldly estate with which it hath pleased God to bless me,I give anddispose ofthe same in the man- ner and form following viz. Imprimus,It is my willandI do order thatinthe first Place all myjustDebts and Funeral charges to be paid and Discharged, — 228 GEORGE SPENGLER. 2nd.—I give devise and bequeathunto my Dearly beloved wife Rosina Spengler my Feather Bead and a Spinen Wheel aforehand. 3rd.—It is my will and I do orderthat all my Estate shall be divided equally be- tween my said Beloved Wife Rosina Spengler,and my beloved sonGeorge Michael Spengler,Every one of them the half of it,paying thereout,tomy son David Spengler and to my daughter Elizabeth Spengler,to every one,one English Shil- ling Sterling because they have bothhad their Portion in Germany. 4th.—It is my will and I doorder that my Plantation shall be sold bymy Execu- tors hereafter Named at the best price as they can get,and the Money thereofto be equally divided between my said Wife Rosina Spengler,and my said Son George Michael Spengler,and dogive hereby full Powerto my Executors to con- veyand confirm all such title and writing which shallbe necessary to the buyerof my said Plantation. 5th.—It is my will and I do order that my said Son George Michael Spengler, shall be senttoa Dutsh School to learn to Read and Writeand afterwardstobind him out,to Learn a trade which he shall Like. 6th.—It is my will that if my said Son George Michael Spengler,shall Dye be- fore my said Wife Rosina Spengler,without issue or wife then I give devise and bequeath unto my said Dearly beloved Wife all my aforesaid Estatetoherheirs and assigns forever,but if my said wife should Dyebefore my said Son George Michael Spengler,without issue then I givedevise and bequeath all ofmyafore- said Estate to mysaid Son,his heirsand assigns forever. Lastly,—I Constitute,Nominate and Appoint my beloved Wife Rosina Spengler, and my Beloved Friends Bernard Lowman,and George Kentz,to be Executors of my last Will and Testament and I do hereby writtenly Revoke and Disanul all and every other testament Will and Legacies and Etc.,byme in any ways before this time named Willed and bequeathed Ratifying andconfirmingthisand no otherto be my last Will and Testament.IN WITNESS Whereof I haveherewith set my hand and seal the twenty sixth Day ofJanuary inthe twenty seventh yearhis Magestys Reign Annoque Dominione thousandand seven hundred and fifty four —1754-GEORGE SPENGLER.(SEAL.)" "SIGNED,SEALED,PUBLISHED PRO- NOUNCED AND DELIVERED by the said George Spengler as his last Will and Testament,in the presence of us the Subscribers VizGEORGELEVISTONE,JACOB FLESER." I.GEORGE MICHAEL SPENGLER, (Son of George and Rosina Spengler.) He was a Cordwainer by trade,and afterwards became an Inn- keeper.The records show that he was an extensive real estate owner in Yorktown.His first wife was Ann Elizabeth,daughter of Jacob Probst,and his second wife Christiana,daughterof Philip Voglesong,of Warrington township,York county.Pa.George Michael Spengler was Ensign ofthe 4th Company of York County Militia,which formed part of the New Jersey Flying Camp of 1776.'He was afterwards a member of the Seventh Company, Third Battalion,York County Militia.^ In 1788 he kept the Inn at the southeast comer of Market and Water streets.Subsequently he moved to his farm in Para- dise township where he died in 1823.It may not be amiss here to give the tavern rates in the olden times,that the reader may know the drinks then imbibed,and compare the prices with those of to-day.^ George Michael Spengler's Children: 1.Elizabeth Kesselring. 2.Jacob Spangler. 3.John Spangler. 4.Michael Spangler. 5.Charles Spangler. 6.Daniel Spangler. 7.George P.Spangler. I.ELIZABETH KESSELRING. Moved with her husband to the West. lApp.Note 14. =App.Note34. 'App.Note63. 230 GEORGE—GEORGE MICHAEL—DANIEL. iL JACOB SPANGLER. Born March i8,1777,died in Carlisle,Pa.,1852.Children 1.JAMES W.SPANGLER,Carlisle,Pa. 2.JOHN K.SPANGLER,Carlisle,Pa. 3.KATE,wife of DAVID RHOADS,Altoona,Pa. 4.EMANUEL SPANGLER,Carlisle,Pa. 5.BENJAMIN K.SPANGLER,Carlisle,Pa.Company A,130th Regt.,Pa.Infantry;and present member of the State Legislature. 6.WM.B.SPANGLER,Carlisle,Pa. 7.LETITIA,widow ofJAMES P.WILSON,Altoona,Pa. in.JOHN SPANGLER. Baptized October 10,1783,died in Abbottstown,Pa.Children: 1.EMANUEL SPANGLER.2.CONRAD SPANGLER. 3.EDWARD SPANGLER.4.HENRY SPANGLER. 5.AGNES SPANGLER.6.MALINDA SPANGLER. 7.HENRIETTA SPANGLER IV.MICHAEL SPANGLER. Born November 20,1785,died at East Berlin,Pa.Children 1.GEORGE SPANGLER.2.JOHN SPANGLER. V.CHARLES SPANGLER. BornJanuary 28,1792,died in Paradise township.Children: 1.CHARLES SPANGLER. 2.CORNELIUS SPANGLER.Son: I.ANDREW SPANGLER,Bigmount,Pa. 3.JACOB SPANGLER,Mountvilk,Pa. 4.LUCY,wife of ISAAC HARE,Farmers,Pa. 5.REBECCA,wife of _-_LILLICH,Abbottstown,Pa. VI.DANIEL SPANGLER. Born March 8,1794,died in Dayton,Ohio. GEORGE—GEORGE MICHAEL—GEORGE.231 VII.GEORGE PHILIP SPANGLER. Born in York,Pa.,August 5,1779,and baptized Aug.15,1779. He learned the hatting trade in York,moved to Abbottstown,Pa., and there married Christina,daughter of Christiana Leab,first wife.His second wife was Catherine Myers.Children by first wife: 1.POLLY,wife of DANIEL BENDER,near East Berlin,Pa. They had four children,all dead. 2.SARAH,wife of WILLIAM DEATRICK,Heidlersburg,Pa. Children : /.AUGUSTUS DEATRICK.2.BOURES DEATRICK. 3.DANIEL DEATRICK.4.EDWARD DEATRICK. 5.GEORGE DEATRICK. 6.ELIZA,wife of WM.J.FUNK.All of Adams county.Pa. Children by second wife: 3.CHARLES SPANGLER,merchant,of York,and a director of the Farmers'National Bank ;born November 24,1815,died March 21,18S9.No issue. 4.ELIJAH SPANGLER,merchant,East Berlin,Pa.,died aged 71-11-0.Married Miss Myers,of New Chester,x\dams county, Pa.Second wife,Eliza Miller.Children by first wife : /.GEORGE P.SPANGLER,York,Co.'I.,209th Regt.Pa. Inf'y. Children by second wife : 2.HOWARD SPANGLER.3.ROBERT SPANGLER. 4.HENRY SPANGLER.5.ANNIE K.SPANGLER. 5.SOLOMON SPANGLER,farmer,near E.Berlin,Pa.Children: I.CHARLES C.SPANGLER.2.JAMES L.SPANGLER. 3.CURTIS SPANGLER. 4.IDA,wife of G.W.STRAYER,Dover,Pa. 5.KATE,wife of Dr.LEWIS FACKLER,E.Berlin,Pa. 6.ALEXANDER SPANGLER,Grain Merchant,Gettysburg,Pa. Married Miss Haywood,Rossville,York countv.Pa.Children: 1.CLINTON SPANGLER,York. 2.COLLINS SPANGLER.4.LAURA SPANGLER. 3.A.FRANKLIN SPANGLER,East Orange,N.J. 7.HAMILTON SPANGLER,died at the age of 17 years. 232 GEORGE—GEORGE MICHAEL—GEORGE. 8.GEORGE W.SPANGLER,Merchant,Gettysburg,Pa.Mar- ried Charlotte Hantz,of York,Pa.No issue. 9.MICHAEL SPANGLER,Merchant,Gettysburg,Pa.Married Matilda Myers,York,Pa.Died September 7,1871,aged 35-8. No issue. 10.HENRY E.SPANGLER,East Berlin,Pa.Stone Cutter, died,aged 52 years.Married Sallie Albert,of York county,Pa. Died childless. 11.LYDIA,wife of JACOB BROUGH,Hartford City,Indiana. Dead,aged 70 years.Children : /.SPANGLER BROUGH.2.ELIJAH BROUGH. 3.JACOB BROUGH.4.ANDREW BROUGH. 5.MARGARET BROUGH.6.ANNIE BROUGH. 7.CATHERINE BROUGH.8.ELIZABETH BROUGH. 12.AMANDA,wife of JACOB STOUFFER,Lancaster county. Pa.Their only son Bertie,died when 3 years old.Her husband died,aged 67 years. 13.CAROLINE,wife ofJACOB GEISELMAN,East Berlin,Pa. Died at Houston,Texas.Children : /.GEORGE GEISELMAN.2.LULIE GEISELMAN. 3.KATIE GEISELMAN. 14.ADALINE,wife ofJOHN S.DIERDORFF,Bigmount,Para- dise township,York county,Pa.Died March 6,1881,at the age of 52 years.Children : /.CHARLES DIERDORFF,dead. 2.LATIMER DIERDORFF. 3.WILLIAM DIERDORFF. 4.CLINTON DIERDORFF. 5.BURTIES DIERDORFF. 6.MINERVA,wife of JACOB C.MYERS. 7.BELLE,wife of GEORGE P.JACOBS. 8.ANNIE,wife ofJACOB STEIN,McSherrystown,Pa. 15.EMELINE SPANGLER,died at the age of 16 years. 16.CATHERINE,wife of I.S.TROSTLE,Harrisburg,Pa.Chil- dren: /.ANNA L.,wife of SAMUEL L.SLOANE,Harrisburg. 2.CHARLES A.TROSTLE,Harrisburg,Pa. APPENDIX INTRODUCTION TO APPENDIX. While writing the genealogical part of this work,it occurred to the writer,that those who were pious and interested enough to ascertain their ancestors,would,in the nature of things,like to know their hardships and perils,customs,habits,pastimes and pleasures,as well as the local history contemporary with the periods in which they flourished. The present generation,in general,has little acquaintance with the inconveniences,privations and perils to which the early set- tlers were exposed,and the invincible fortitude with which these sacrifices were borne.They are too often forgetful of the factthat the present comforts,affluence and prosperity were dearly bought by the sacrifices of these pioneers who went in advance of civiliza- tion.The unbroken forests were felled,and the wilderness sub- dued and converted into fruitful gardens only after incessanthard- ships and privations. It is necessary to look back constantly to the chronicles of the border contests,to realize that centuries have not yet passed since these flowing fields,and sites of happy and flourishing towns were often contested for hand to hand by the white and red man.It was only one hundred and forty-one years ago—following Brad- dock's defeat—that the increasing inroads of the lurking and sub- tle savages on the settlements in this and adjacent counties,com- pelled many of the inhabitants to abandon their farms,and con- gregate at the rude forts scattered along the frontiers where they could resist to more advantage the dangerswhich threatened them. The valiant and conspicuous part taken by our forefathers in the great Revolutionary struggle and subsequent wars,and their creditable participation in the local as well as general history,it was believed would also add considerable interest to this work. The biographical and historical sketches correct many errors of current history.Many of the facts are entirely new—notably the York county Revolutionary muster rolls and the local Revolution- ary correspondence.Many of the new facts—entirely or practi- 236 INTRODUCTION. cally new—were obtained after laborious and indefatigable re- search,from old York newspapers,found cobwebbed and dust- laden in unexplored garrets,from archives and rare and out-of- print publications in the public libraries of Harrisburg,Philadel- phia,Baltimore,Washington and New York,and from ancient local documents and manuscripts hitherto undiscovered or inac- cessible. The Pennsylvania Archives contain a great deal of valuable in- formation in regard to the Revolutionary war,and probably the portions most referred to are those containing the imperfect rosters of the many Pennsylvania regiments,lyine and Militia,which have been of immense value to many of those desiring to join the various Revolutionary societies.But the Archives do not contain the names contained in the thirty-two muster rolls herein for the first time published. The writer has already supplied to many applicants for Revolu- tionary recognition,the names of their patriotic ancestors,found alone in these newly discovered lists.Hundreds,hitherto un- aware of their eligibility,will now be able tojoin these societies. The By-Laws of the Pennsylvania Society of the Sons of the Revolution,provide:"That when the claim of eligibility is based on the service of an ancestor in the 'Minute Men'or Militia,it must be satisfactorily shown that such ancestor was actually called into the service of the State or United States,and performed gar- rison or field duty."Kindred Revolutionary Societies require substantially the same essential prerequisites to membership. These pages show,not counting the many York County com- panies and battalions attached to and incorporated with the regu- lar commands,that the York county militia proper were not mere "Home Guards,"consigned to a condition of impotent passivity, but were frequently called into the service of the State or United States,marched to the field of war,and participated in some of the combats. Five battalions from York county,in 1776,marched to Eastern New Jersey to form the Flying Camp with the enemy within strik- ing distance.They aided inthedefence ofthe fortat Paulus Hook opposite New York,and were engaged in the skirmishes at Amboy, andarrested the threatened invasion ofNew Jersey by the British on INTRODUCTION.237 Staten Island.Portions were at Wilmington,Delaware,in 1777, to repel the British invasion,and were engaged in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown;they were on duty at Doylestown subsequent to these engagements.In 1778 they marched to the western frontier,Westmoreland county,Pa.,to repel the incursions of the Indians and their English allies.In other Revolutionary emergencies they were called out by the State authorities.Some wereengaged toguard prisoners to and from York and to and from Western Maryland and Virginia.The militia was also called into service during the Revolution to guard the manyhundreds ofEng: lish and Hessian prisoners confined,in and around the historic town of York,in stockades,in reliefofthe regulartroops so sorely needed at the front.In this capacity they were the equals of the regu- lars,and by their services the numerical eflSciency of the armies in the field was unimpaired. The objects of the Revolutionar>'societies are to perpetuate the memory of the men who,by their services and sacrifices, achieved the independence of the American people;to inspire them and the community with a more profound reverence for the principles of the free government;to encourage the study of American history;to acquire ancient documents and relics,mark sites and erect memorials;and to carry out the purposes expressed in the preamble of the Constitution of the country and the injunc- tions of Washington in his Farewell Address. By an affiliation with these patriotic societies,the descendants will contribute their share in revering the memory of valorous forbears,who went to the front at the "times that try men's souls,"to fight for that freedom which is the birthright of men worthy of being free. NOTE The Discovery of the Spengler Kin in Germany. Sei,ections from the Foreign Correspondence. THE first three of the subjoined letters were in answer to inquiries made before the writer obtained a clue to the foreign residence of the immigrant Spenglers,as stated in the first introduction. In the letter of Prot.Hans Von Schubert the assumption that the Spenglers who emigrated to America came from the Nurem- berg branch,is discredited,(i)for the reason that they are not mentioned in his fami- ly papers,(2)because thechristian name Bal- thaser and Caspar are quite unusual in this branch."But,"he says,"it is not entirely impossible,as not all the side lines are car- ried out." ARRivAi.IN AMERICA.(Oldprint.)j^.^^g^q^coutcnded, by the writer,in December,1894,that the York county Spengler ancestors belonged to the Nuremberg branch,for at that time he had not located their German domicile.It is true that the names Balthasar and Caspar do not appear in the Nuremberg pedigree as at first furnished,but of their German christian names,Johann Balthasar and Hans Kaspar,Johann and Hans frequently appear. In order to obtain the fullest information,the writer returned the Nuremberg tree to the U.S.Consul to have the "side lines" carried out,which was done;and they unmistakably show that Hans Rudolf Spengler,of Weiler,the father of the York county FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.239 immigrant Spenglers,was a descendant of the Nuremberg family. In the "side lines carried out,"the christian names Hans,Johann, George,Philipp,Anna Maria and Margaretha are also quite familiar names in the Weiler-American branch,and they are removed but two generations from the Weiler ancestor. The third and fourth letters disclose the fact that "Weyler (Weiler)under Steinsburg"is not within the confines of the Pal- atinate as 7101V constituted,but was subsequently discovered by the writer to be in Baden. The fifth and sixth letters show that Jacob Spengler was not a native,but merely a ^'citizen''''of Schceftland,Switzerland. The seventh letter relates to information subsequentlyconveyed by pastor Fuchs,and will be found in the section entitled "The Spengler Ancestors of Germany.'"The eighth,ninth,tenth, twelfth and thirteenth letters explain themselves. In the eleventh letter the Nuremberg Consul states that the name Jacob Spengler was not found in the Nuremberg archives. The theory advanced by Martin Spengler ofWeiler,that Jacob himself was probably a native of Nuremberg,was erroneous.It was Jacob's father,Hans,born 1594,"who left his native land," Nuremberg,and settled in Switzerland.That Hans was the father of Jacob and emigrated to Switzerland,is plainly indicated by the Nuremberg Spengler family tree (not discussed by the consul at Nuremberg in his letter),and is corroborated by every presumption of fact. Letter No.i. United States Consui<ate,1Mannheim,Gy.,December 14th,1894./ E.W.Spangler,Esq.,Attorney-at-Law. Dear Sir:—Your letterdated December ist,addressed to the Mayor ofthe U.S. Consul here,hasbeenhanded to me for further attention. I havelooked over the names ofthe City Directory,but could not find the name of "Spangler"mentioned therein. Also have I not been able tofind out from theMilitary Authorities whether any Mayor "Spangler"belongs tothe German Army. I have been informed that a Mr.Burger whose address I will give you below, may take and investigate your matter. 'Ante.p.I. 240 FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. Should you desirehim to do so,you canwriteand arrange with him direct as to his chargesfortakingup your matter. I am yours respectfully,MAX GOLDFINGER,U.S.Consul. The address of Mr.Burger is:"Karl Burger,Esq.,Deutsch-Amerikanisches Incasso Geschaft,Karlsruhe,Baden,Gy." Letter No.2. Karlsruhe,Baden,January 15,1895. Mr.E.W.Spangler: Your esteemed dated 24th ult.is at hand and I learn from it that you desire to getinformation concerning a family SPENGLER especially concerning their ancestryand relationship,—I am,ofcourse quite will- ing to take the matter in hand,but since by reason of thevery meagre records andalso in orderto reach satisfactory results,advertisements mustbe published in newspapers and also an extensive correspondence must beconducted with officials at different places who as a rule impart information onlyin con- sideration of fees necessitating no doubt considerable expense,I would for the present ask you to kindly place at my disposal the sum off100.00. It is needless to say that at the proper time I shall place in your hands detailed account of all expenses together with the vouchers.My own charge will be in proportion to thelaborsentailed and the time expendedin yourservice which can- notbe very well determined beforehand.They will however be moderate. You may rest assured that I shall do my verybest in this matter,and awaiting further welcome communicationsfrom you,I would yet respectfully submitthat I have not yet fully mastered the English language,wherefore you will please,if lie conductthe correspondencevrith meinthe German language. Most respectfully, KARL BURGER. Letter No.3. United States Consulatbat Nuremberg,\Bavaria,January 22nd,1895.J E.W.Spangler,Esq., Sir:—I am in receipt of your letter of December ist,1894,and in reply would say,that the archives ofthis City do not show,that any members ofthe Spengler family who resided in this city ever emigrated to the United States.I found in the archives a family treeofthe Spengler family,acopyofwhich I obtained and whichcopy I enclose you herewith.It ends aboutthe year 1729,and itis possible that this tree may give you some clue. I made avery thorough investigation and while doingso I found that there is a descendant of the Spenglerfamily living at Kiel,namely.Professor Dr.Hans von Schubert.I communicated with him and give you herewith a translationofthe material part ofhis letter which I received in answer to my inquiry: CASTLE STEINSBERG,NOW PARTLY IN RUINS. SCENE ON THE RHINE OF OLD. FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.241 Translation of the letter of Professor Dr.Hans von Schubert at Kiel,Germany: "According to the family papers now in my possession the Spenglers who emi- gratedtoAmerica do notbelong to this branch.However itisnot entirely impos- sible as not all the side lines are carried out.But it seems improbable as the christian names Balthasar and Caspar are quiteunusual in this branch. "The Nuremberg Spenglers whose mostcelebrated memberwas Lazarus Speng- ler,Rathschreiber (City Clerk)and one of the supporters of the Reformation, came to Nuremberg in the 15th century from Donauworth.First ofall I would mention here,that the nameSpenglermay have originated at several placesinde- pendent from each other,as the name Spengler means in German 'Klempner,' thatisa 'tinman ;'the same is the case with names such as 'Schumacher,''Miil- ler,''Schmidt,''Meier,'etc.It seems,therefore,almost impossible to find out any connection between Spenglers who in the beginningofthe iSth century emi- gratedtoAmerica and of whom familypapers,family trees,do not exist,and any of the Spengler families who livein Germany.There are alsoSpenglers in Dres- denand in Hamburg.I know also,thatthere isa family Spenglerlivingat Mann- heim,one of this branch,a Dr.A.Spengler,was,as I hear from my colleague, Prof.Peterson,founder ofthe cure-resort Davos in Switzerland.It maybe,that the American Spenglers are descendants of this line,asyouwritethat they emi- grated from theRheinpfaltz.OtherwiseI wouldbelieve,that theAmerican Speng- lers are descendants ofthe Hollandbranch.It is true,that these Holland Speng- lers originated from the Nuremberg tree,as I have proofsof thatin myfamily papers. "I should be glad ifthis provesofany usetoyou.Shouldthe American Speng- lerbe inclined to express his gratitude he coulddo that best by contributing some- thingfromhisfortune in order that I mayissuetheworks of thecelebrated Lazarus Spengler,which I am just about to do. "Please ask your friend whether the American Spenglers are in possessionof oldfamily papers.Only through these couldsomethingbe foundont." Iacknowledge the receipt ofthe|li.oo you enclosedto me towards the expenses andbeg to say,that I makea further charge of;f5.oo for the work done,which you will be kind enough to remit me by postal mouey order. Yours truly, Enclosure as above.WM.J.BLACK,U.S.Consul. Letter No.4. United States Consulate, Mannheim,Germany,February i,1895. E.W.Spangler,Esq., DearSir:—On receipt ofyourletter,dated January iSth,I wrote a the Burgermeister at Weyler,Unter Steinsberg,—Pfalz,to kindly let me have whatever information he can ascertain about the family history of the Spenglers; atthe same time giving him translated copiesofthe lettersyouwrote tome. To-day the above-mentioned letters have been returned to me from the Post Office authorities,marked delivered,which proves that there must be a mistake 242 FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. in theaddress named in yourlastletter.I willenclosehereinthe originalenvelope that you may see the same,and will ifyou can find outand let me have the name of the birth-place ofthe "Spenglers;"write again to the proper authoritiesof the place,to kindly letme have,whateverinformation they can find out in regard to your matter. On the same day,I also wroteto Mr.Burgerat Karlsruhe,askinghim,why he has not answered your letters. The following day,I received his reply,sayingthat at the time he receivedyour letter,he had toattend to very important matters and that he hadwrittentoyou, already about two weeks ago.I am yourstruly, One enclosure.MAX GOLDFINGER,U.S.Consul. Letter No.5. States Co Bavaria,February 26th,1895. United States Consulate at Nuremberg,\ E.W.Spangler,Esquire, Sir:—I have the pleasure to acknowledge the receiptofyour letter ofthe ! instant and also the post office money order for {5.—,payment forthei rendered,forwhichI thank you. You say that Weyler under Steinsberg is the place from which the Spenglers emigrated and is in the Palatinate (Rheinpfalz).I cannot find any place in the Palatinate bearing either one of these names,in Schwabisch Bavaria there are 4 places by the name ofWeiler,andthereis only one place in Bavariaby the name ofUutersteinsberg,and that issituated in Neiderbayern,(Lower Bavaria)nearthe Bohemianborder. The word "Weiler in German means a verysmall village anditmaybe,that you intendedit tobe read "Weiler—the small villageof—Uutersteinsberg." If the place to which you refer should be in the Rheinpfalzyou wouldhaveto address yourself to the United States Consul at Mannheim,the Rheinpfalz being in his district and not in mine.Yours truly, WM.J.BLACK, United States Consul. Letter No.6. Letter from Pastor Fuchs to the Pastor of Schoftland,Switzer- land. Hilsbach,District Sinsheim,Grand \DuchyofBaden,March 4,1895.J Highly Respected Colleague: Duringthe past 160 years many of mybrethren "Spengler"emigrated from my pastorate to America.A descendant of the family lately requestedinformation concerning theorigin ofthe family. The Reformed Marriage Record Book (Weiler of this place)ofthe year 167S, contains the following:"On the i6th ofJuly,Hans RudolfSpengler,v.Weiler, FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.i 243 a son ofJacob Spengler formerly a citizen of SchefHanden,Dist.Bern,wasmarried toJudith,etc.,etc." This Hans Rudolf Spengler is ancestor (Stammhalter)of theHilsbach-Weiler and American familiesofSpengler;and I entreat you,respected colleague,kindly to furnish me information concerning him—his birthday,ancestry,and how far back the family can be traced in yourchurchrecords,andifany ofthefamilyare stillfound in your congregation. Send bill for services,and I will remitby return post. Hoping you will give this matter your earliest attention,I am,with thanks in advance.With much respect, W.FucHS,Ev.Pastor. The Reply. By request ofthe pastoral head of thisplace,the records ofthe parish have been consulted. There is without a doubt amistake (or exchange)inthe name ofthelocality, as in the 7 congregations of the parish of Schoftland the familynamed Spengler does not occur.Respectfully, Sch6fti.and,April S,1S94.OFFICE Civii,Station. Letter No.7. United STATESConsulate.\Mannheim,Gy.,April 1st,1895.J E-W.Spangi<er,Esq., DearSir:—Your favor of March 21st came dulyto hand.No doubt you will be in receipt by thistime of myletter dated March 12th wherein I enclosedthe letter fromthe Biirge meister ofWeiler. From the information contained therein you will see that your matter is being attended to by Pastor Fuchs ofHilsbach. Weiler being located out ofthis Consulate Districtyou shouldcorresponddirect with Pastor F'uchs and look to him forall further attention in your matter. I am yours truly, MAX GOLDFINGER,U.S.Consul. IvETTER No.8. Zeist (Holland),July 28th,1895. E.W.Spangler,Esq., Dear Sir:—My aunt,Mrs.Spengler,formerly living at Utrecht,now at Zeist nearthat town,received your letterofJuly loth,and has charged me to answer it. Her late husband,Rudolf Cornelis Spengler,in fact possessed a history of the Spengler family,but after hisdeath it came to a younger brother,who is absent travelling now.When he comes home however,your letter will be forwarded to him,and I don't doubt he will try to findoutwho the Spenglersyou mentioned 244 ,FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. were.I,ior my part,have a doubt whether anything concerning the Spenglers from Switzerland,willbe found in that history.So far as I remember from having seen it onceortwice many yearsago,it dealswith the story of the Spenglers who traced their origin to Austria,in the times ofFrederick Barbarossa,and whointhe later middle ages settled in Nurembergwhere Lazarus Spengler,afriend of Luther, was a man of importance atthe time ofthe Reformation .Some ofthem left Nur- emberg for Meissen in Saxony,while atalater period a branch ofthat family set- tled in Silesia,and another in the iSth century,in the Netherlands.People of the nameofSpengler are at the present time livingin Switzerland;there isa Doc- tor Spengler at Davos-Platz (Canton Graubiinden),but I have always supposed them tobe aseparate family from theAustrian-Nuremberg Spenglers,descendants ofwhom arenow livingin Holland.Atleaston theold wooden bridgeat Lucerne, where I found among many other inscriptions the name recorded of a Spengler, who was in his time a burgomasteror something else of thatplace,hisarmorial bearings are depicted as quite different fromthose which successive German Em- perors granted to the Spenglers I am related to. I wouldtherefore think it probable that information about the Swiss Spenglers couldbest be obtainedfrom themembers ofthat familystill livingthere. Believe me trulyyours, F.U.DE MONTIVER LEREW. Letter No.9. Davos,Switzerland,August ist,1S95. E.W.Spangler,Esq.,York,Pa., DearSir:—In reply to your letter d.d.July loth I giveyou the following in- formation. My great-great-grandfather went from Lauterbach to Holland;one ofhis sons returned to Germany and was my great-grandfather.I was born at Mannheim in 1827.As to the family ofJacob SpenglerofSchefflanden and the other Spenglers you are after,I regret not to be able togive youanyinformation . Truly yours. Dr.A.Spengler,Sr. Letter No.io. St.Gai,!,,Switzerland,gth August,1895. E.W.Spangler,Esq.,York,Penn'a., DearSir:—You favored me with your letter of the 15th last month and I will trytoanswer in yourlanguage though littleaccustomed to it. After many searchesin thistown principallynear the chanceryofthe House of Commons I learnedthat the family Spenglerhad many representatives in thepast centuries in this town.But there is no branch which would conduct tothe person of Jacob Spengler at Schoftland which you seek,Schoftland belongs now to Aargau,but belonged before to Bern.The families ofSpenglerbelong tothe old generation at Bern (already 1294)St.Gall (1364)Luzern and Basel (15th centurj') Aarau and Lonzberg (this town L.,is in theproximity ofSchoftland,1631 and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.245 1693 Jakob and Johannes Spengler were theirmayors)then at Ravensburg,Frei- burg,in Baden,Nuremberg,etc.They are alsoknown at Zurich,Schaffhausen, and Thurgau. The Spengler ennobled at St.Gall was the son oftheMayorJacob Spengler, named Nicolaus.Hewas ennobled for his merits in thebattles in Ungurnagainst the Turks. Hoping that these news may serve to you to reachyour aim I remain Dear Sir,yoursrespectfully, Fbrd Spengler, careofthe St.Gallische Kantonal Bank. My father was bornatLautenbach nearWeinheim,Baden. My father was tutorat Mannheim,Baden.I havefour brothersand foursisters, allmarried. Namesofmy brothers: A.Spangler,Doctor at Davos (Graubiinden)H.Spengler,pastor at Ettlingen near Karlsruhe (Baden),K.Spengler,at Winterthur (13children),Aug.Spengler, at London,and my family has 11 children. From the old generation of Spenglers at St.Gall exists only one descendant who lives at Zurich. Letter No.ii. E.W.Spangler,Esq.,Attomey-at-Law,York,Pa. Sir:—I am in receipt of your letters of September 21st and 23rd,and in reply would say that I have duly carried outthe side-linesofthe family-tree asrequested, but I have not been able to find any trace in the archives ofthis city ofJacob Spengler who,you say,is believedtohave been driven outof Nurembergduring the Thirty Years war.Upon inquiry at the parsonagewhere therecordsofthat timeare kept,Iwas informed,that a thorough searchofthe registersofbirth,mar- riage anddeath wouldinvolvean outlayofat least;fio.oo,anditwould benecessary for you to name theexact period of time through which youdesire the search to be made,as well as the full name ofthe personwhose genealogyycu seek,as these old registers are without indices,and sometimes written in an ancient and very peculiar handwriting.With all this,however,it is very uncertain whether any satisfactory resultswould follow—but it is the only way you candiscoverwith any certainty the residence ornon-residence ofa person in this city . Astoyour request contained in your second letter I have been more successful. I foundin the City Archives the following memorandums,written by an unknown author concerning one Hans Spengler and his descendants,which might prove useful to you in your further investigation,viz. : Hans Spengler,born 1491,was a son of GeorgeSpengler and Agnes Ulmerin. His wife was Barbara,daughter of Hans Ubel of Konigsberg,in Franken,he died in 1545.His children were: I Gabriel.2 Lorenz 3 Hieronimusborn in 1502.4 Anna.5 Sebald.5 Hans. Hieronimus,son of Hans Spenglerand Barbara Ubelin,born 1502,was "Fahn- 246 FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. drich"in the year 1528,His wife was Barbara,daughter of Hans Loschge.Of herhe had: I Dorothea.2 Margaretha. Johannes Sinapius,in "SchlesischerCuriositaten,"I.part,page M 1022,reports: "That this Hieronimus Spengler became Captain under Emperor Charles V. and,in Flanders,in the year 1540,(20 February),was raisedto the nobility 'by reason of his valuable and brave services.'"Sinapius says that his wife'sname wasBarbara von Kosthagen,not Loschgen as abovesaid,and that ofher hehad: 3.Hieronimusvon Spengler,Lieutenantunder EmperorMaximilianI.Hiswife was Catherina Wollerin of Molsdorf.Of her he had a son,Adam von Speng- ler,Fandrich,under Emperor Rudolf I.His wife was Margaretha von Burgers of Austria.Of her he had a son,Adam von Spengler,Inspector at Brixzen,in der Mark,he died in 1665,(March 17th).His wifewas Anna Morizin,ofTreuen- brixzen,born 1627,died 1678.Ofher he had: I.Jacob von Spenc;ler,he became in 1681,"Churfiirstlich Sachs General Audi- tor Lieutenant."His wife was Maria Catherine Theresia von Hentschel.He died at Breslau,December 27th,1719,so writesSinapius. 2 Adam von Spengler.3.Nicholaus Spengler. Besides the foregoing I found the followingnotes which might beofinterest to you,viz. : Lazarus Spengler,born 1552,died 1618,was "Procurator"inNuremberg. Christopher Spengler,born 27 May,160S,died 21 July,1668,was "Handels- mann"in Leipzig. August Spengler,born 16 September,1663,died 28 May,1730,was "Handels- mann Kircbenvorsteher"in Budissin. Philip Spengler,born 9 October,1600,emigrated to foreignlands. Philip Jacob Speugler,bom 3 May,1556,left his nativeland. Hans Spengler,born 1594,left his native land. The keeper of theArchives ofthiscity has apprised me,that this informationis ail that can bediscovered in the records of that oflBce bearing upon thesubject of Spenglerand hisdescendants. My charges for the work involved in his report amount to fifty marks which you will be kind enougli to remitme b)'postal money order. Respectfully yours. Enclosure—Family-tree.WM.J.BLACK,U.S.Consul. Letter No.12. Hotel to the Sun,JosephSpengler,Proprietor.\LuzERN,Switzerland,October 17,1895.1 Dear Sir:—In answer to your letter I can inform you that there is stilla large Spengler family here.I am sorry to say,however,that I have nota very good knowledge of ourfamily records.By far the greater number ofthe Spenglers are still living in Horn,Canton Luzern.How they got there,however,I do not know. EnclosedI send you twoseals,one ofMelchior Spengler,and theother ofJoseph Spengler,my sainted grandfather and father respectively,who also hailed from FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.247 Horn,but acquired citizenship in the city of Luzern where I still perform the functions ofhost in the Hotel ofthe Sun,mygrandfather's oM homestead . From the enclosed seals you may perhaps be able to find out whether weare the Spengler family youare seeking.Most respectfully yours, Joseph Spengler. The seals above mentioned represent the crest ofJoseph Speng- ler's branch—Gules,monk aflFrontee,&c.,a variation of the Nu- remberg Spengler crest;showing their Nuremberg origin.The St.Gall,Switzerland,Spengler family crest is entirely different from the above,having been granted for later service as shown in letter No.lo.Letter No.ii,however,shows that the St.Gall Spenglers belong to the Nuremberg tree. Letter No.13. Weiler Baden,October 22nd,1895. MostEsteemed Cousin: I desire to let you know that for several weekspast I have been in receipt of your welcome letter,in whichyou informed me that you had received thepictures of theSpengler house and church,and that 15 Marksofthe money sentshould go to Rev.Fuchs.A few days later the money arrived and I carriedoutyour in- structions in regard to theminister. The name ofour church I cannot give you as yet,as nobodyaround here knows it and I must await the result of the inve.stigation of Rev.Fuchs among the Archives of the church where no doubt it will be founa.(Remark of the trans- later:Very likely it will not be found for thesimple reason that village churches in Germany have no special names as is the casein this country).The four brothers were members of theEvangelical (Lutheran)church. I am sorrytosay that I received no information as yet from Schoftland,Switzer- land,although it is about 1.0 weeks since I wrote to the civil authorities there, asking for information,assuring them at the same time that theywould bepaid for their trouble.I would have gone there myself,but for thegreatdistance,the distance being from 90 to 100hours (270-300miles). In conclusion I would most heartily thank you for the money sentme forthe pictures hoping that theywillalways keepalive in you the remembrance of your dearGerman home-stead. Trusting that this letter will find you in the best ofhealth,Iremain withmany greetings from dear mother,sisters and brothers and all the relations;in true friendship . Yours, Martin Spengler. As to other letters of Martin Spengler,see pp.7 to 11. NOTE 2. (pages-) Lazarus Spengler. A Distinguished Author and Reformer.Coadjutor of Martin Luther.His Description of the Diet at Worms. THE most distinguished of the German Spenglers was the elder Lazarus Spengler,of Nuremberg,bom 1479,died 1534.He was one of the most noted,courageous and learned men of his time—a famous author and composer of hymns.He was one of the supporters of Luther at the Diet of Worms,and his description of the debaucher)'and dissipation of the dissolute clergy at that famous convocation is the most graphic extant.The subjoined letter of Martin Luther to him,found in Luther's published works,and the biographical sketch ofthis re- markable man was discovered in the Astor Library,New York. His biography was published by HansdorflF,Nuremberg,1741; by Pressel,Elberfeld,1862;and his complete works are about to be published by a Spengler scion.Professor Dr.Hans von Schu- bert,of Kiel,Germany. Dr.Martin Luther's Letter to Lazarus Spengler. "Explanatory Remark:—The Elector apparent,John Frederick,had caused a golden seal ringtobe made by a Nuremberg artist,andon bisreturn from Augs- burg presented it to Luther.Very likely it is this seal ring whichLuther de- scribes and explains to his friend,Lazarus Spengler,the Secretary of the City Council of Nuremberg.It showed a cross in aheartin thecentreofa white rose." "Grace and Peace in Christ. Honorable,Affectionate,Dear vSir and Friend: Since your wish to know whether my seal ring was well done I will let you know my first thoughts I had regardingthe same,asa characteristic ofmy the- ology.In the first place it was to be a cross,black,in the heart having its natural color,in order that I might remind myselfthat faith in the Crucified saves us;for with the heart man believeth unto righteousness.But though it be a LAZARUS SPENGLER.249 black cross,mortifying,and it must,indeed mortify,yet leaves the heartitstrue color,does not destroy nature,that is,itdoes not kill,but keeps alive.For,the just shalllive by faith,but by faith in Christcrucified.Thisheart,hovrever,is to be in the centre ofa white rose,in order to indicatethat faith gives joy,consola- tion,and peace,in a word,places one in a white cheering rose,not as the world gives peace and joy;therefore the rose is to be white and notred,since white is the color of the spirits and ofall angels.This roseis standingin a sky-colored (azure)panel,because such joy in the spirit and faith is a beginningofthe future heavenly joy now,indeed,already therein contained and grasped by hope,but not yet revealed.And in this panel a golden ring indicating that such bliss in heaven is to continue forever,having no end,and at the same time is precious above all joys and riches as gold isthe highest,most precious metal.Christour dear Lord be with yourspirit until the lifethat is to come,Amen" Ex Eremo Grubok,8 Julii MDXXX. I.i.e."from the Desert Grubok-Koburg inverted." MARTIN LUTHER. From People'sLibrary containingselectwritings ofDr.M.Luther,Vol.8,p.25. ConcordiaPublishingHouse,St.Louis,Mo. Lazarus Spengler's Biography. From the AllgeineineDeutscheBiographie,Vol.XXXV,iiS.(Translation. ) ''Lazarus Spengler,Secretary to the Town Council of Nuremberg,and the zeal- ous promotor of the Reformation,was born at Nurembergon the 13th of March, 1479.He wasthe ninth child ofhis parents,George Spengler,Town-clerktothe City Council of Nuremberg,and his wife Agnes Ulmer.At the age of sixteen he went to the UniversityofLeipzigtostudy law,but returned after two years with- out having completed his studies.His father hadmeanwhiledied,and owingto the number ofchildren inthe family,andthe lack ofmeans,he could not go back to the University.In order to earn his daily bread and that ofhis family,he took employment in the chancelery ofhis native town and in 1507 was appointed tothe laboriousand responsible post of first clerk of the Council.In 1516 his nomina- tion to membership in the Great Council of the City followed,and withan increase in theinfluence,already great,which he exercised in thatbody,tosuch anextent that in all weighty city matters,and especially in the prevailing innovations in religiousaffairs,nothing was decided uponwithout his advice.He was an indus- trious,conscientious,and studiousman,who carefully noted thesigns ofthe times and followed their drift with a true grasp.Notwithstanding the continually in- creasing work of his office he found leisure forliterary occupations,and a bright and busy correspondence with similar minded friends,especially with Albert Diirer.In 1514 he translatedthelife ofthe Blessed Hieronymus,his patron,into German. "In 1520he made public the 'Good sensible teaching and advice'which he had graduallycollected,and which consisted of German proverbs,Latinsentencesand German rhymes,applied to the separate virtues,and entitled 'Exhortation and Direction to a Virtuous Walk in Life;by Lazarus Spengler.'Many short and long jocose and bantering poems,still extant,testify to his friendshipforthe great painter,Diirer.But the Reformation first gave him the opportunity to develop his gifts and capabilities.His native city,which sheltered citizens distinguished 250 LAZARUS SPENGIvER. above many others fortheir wealth and education,became soon after Luther's ap- pearance upon the scene,a firm rallying point forthe new movement.Hierony- mus Ebner,Hieronymus Holzschuher,ChristopherSchaurl,Anthony Andreas and Martin Tucher,Sigismund and Christopher Fiirer,Albrecht Diirer and Lazarus Spengler formed that host ofpolished and talented men whichrallied around John Stumpf during his visit to Nuremberg in 1512 to 1516,and received from him the first impulse towards the acceptance ofthe evangelical teaching.After Stanpitz left Nuremberg,Winscelas Link,like Stanpitz,an Augustinian monk,and friend of Luther,becamethe center of the movement.They assembled frequentlyin the Augustinian Convent,and hence gladly called themselves,after first taking the name of Stanpitzinians,Augustinians.They were won over to Luther through Link before the former had made public his theses.When these were made known,and Luther stopped twice at Nurembergonhis way to Augsburg,this cir- cleoffriends met him with inspiring sympathy. "Spengler,however,whose forcefulnature being deeply stirred,was impelled to aid the bold but despised Wittenberg Augustinian monk with noble testimony. He composedthe 'The christianand protecting answer of a loverofgodlytruthas set forth in the holy writ to sundry opponents,and why Dr.Martin Luther's teaching should not be thrown aside as unchristian,but shouldbe received;an open apology for Luther,1519.' "The natural consequences followed;Spengler,with Pirckheimer,Luther, Karbstadt and many others were put underban which Eck,the papal Prothono- tary and Nuncio laid upon Luther's followers after the debateatLeipsic in Sep- tember,1520.Spengler and Pirkheimer were neither so well founded in their evangelical belief,nor so sure of their position at home,as tobe able to brave the papal fulminations.After all the attempts at reconciliation,made at first through the mediation ofthe Bishop of Bamberg,thenby that ofthe Duke of Bavaria,and finally by a direct appeal to the Pope,had failed,they determined to apply directly to their fated adversary.After many difficulties pardon was finally granted,but only in the harshest form,that ofthe absoliitiosimplex :i.e.,after recantation of the heresies theyhad been accused of,andaftergivingpledge under oath that they would yield faith andobedience tothe church.This wason the 1st ofFebruary,1521. "In 1521 Spenglerwas presentat theDietofWormson behalfof the council,and, through Luther's example,reaffirmedhis religious faith,which,foramoment,had wavered.His account of the transactions there,is one of the clearest and most pertinent which we possess.Above all he complains of the want of faith which he finds prevalent among the clergy as well as the laity.The greater part of the time of the Diet,and especially during the sacredforty days fast,up to the Week of the Martyrs,'was consumed in daily banqueting,drinking-bouts and games,and 'this by those who should have had some sense of shame,especially the foremost prelates (I will go no further).'At a single meal,and that 'during the whole fast,more than forty costly dishes were daily served.' "A prominent member of the clergy lost,at play,in oneweek,the sum of 3400 florins;another gentleman of high rank '60,000 florins at one sitting,and the winner lost the entiresum at a single entertainment.Sundry gentlemen and no- blemen,to the number of seventy-two,drank,in one night,ata certainbanquet, twelve hundred French measuresofwine.' "He naturally took part with Luther against Rome andthe defenders of the LAZARUS SPENGLER.251 Papacy.In these matters Lutherbehavedsobravely,honorably and like a chris- tian,that I think theRomanistswould have given many thousand florinsif they had notsummoned him to this place (Worms),and had not seen or heard him. "If he had ever turned from the Reformation,nowhe was again won over to it, and especially to Luther.He sent his eldest son Lazarus to study at Wittenberg, and to him expressed his renewed confidence in his religious faith in the following short but loving and joyfultract :'A comfortingand christian help and medicine in all tribulations.Nuremberg 1521.'It was dedicated 'tomy dear sisterMar- garet,wifeofTorgen von Hirnbofen,protector ofmarried women at Hilpoltstein,' and fully exemplifiesthe teachings ofthe evangelical belief. "Still more tinctured with evangelical beliefis his anonymous tract which ap- peared at Wittenberg in 1522.'The principle which has hithertogovernedour AT THE DIET common Christianity,to which is added the reason anddirection,for a christian walk.''Itwas evidently writtentoinfluence his fellow-citizens at the openingof the Diet convened at Nuremberg for the springof1522.It can well be compared with the best product of the pen of any layman,and evidently answered to its purpose.At the Diet,which only assembled in the autumn of 1522,the number ofthosewhoadhered to the new faith was notsmall,especially among the princely members who for the most part were good Lutherans.At the headofallstood the jurist Johann von Schwartzenberg,the most influential member ofthe Diet, and theSaxon privy councilors Hans von der Plinitz and Philipp von Freilitzach, who,like theirsovereign,were on an intimate footing with thegovernment ofthe city of Nuremberg,especiallywith Lazarus Spengler,Kasper Niitzel,and other members of the Diet.Very naturally the sympathy felt for Luther and the new beliefat theDietsof 1522 and 1524 had its influence on the evolution of the affairs of the church.The result of the dissolution ofthe Diet of 1524 wasmore favora- 252 LAZARUS SPENGLER. ble than thatof the previous year to the Lutherans.Neitheranimperial edict,a brief from the pope,nor theopposition of the Bishop of Bamberg could stop the course of events.Nuremberg became evangelical,and the Venetian ambassador sentword home that the city was lost to the Catholic church. ''Spengler had notalittlecontributedtothis result.Of course hiseffortsdid not always appear on the surface,but iu certain matters it canvery plainly be seen, especiallyin theconfession offaith at Nuremberg in March,1525.Hehad formu- lated with Osiander its twelve articles which ended the Discussion.He appeared with Schurl as representative of the Diet,and through his firmness brought about the principle ending of the dispute,notwithstanding the objections of the Catho- lics.Nuremberg thereby openly and formally declared itself in favor of the Reformation. "He also influencedthe masses as a religiouspoet.When Nurembergwas men- aced,within and without,by the peasant's war,he composed that well known hymn 'In Adam's fall we sinned all,'(Hymn 236 in German Lutheran Hymn Book,Missouri Synod),which first appeared in Walter's Christian Song Book in 1524,and soon gained such areputationthat itwastranslatedintoseveral foreign lan- guages.Less well known is the later songwhichfirstappearedin 1535 in I.King's Wittenberg Song Book :'AH trouble and cost is useless.'Naturally he was bit- terly hated and abused byhis opponents;not only by the Papists,but in a meas- ure by former friends who took oifense athis appearance in thetrain ofthe Refor- mation ;especially bj'B.Pirkheimer whose exasperation never grew weary of slandering Spengler and Osiander :'That a haughty clerk lost to all sense of honor'and 'a supple charlatan without experience,shoulddespotically govern the famous city of Nuremberg.'Again:'O that you would hang the haughty charlatan with his own golden chain and drown the dishonored clerk.It were better that these two rascals paid withtheir skins,than that so many honestpious people should suffer ;'of Spenglerhe said:'I wish you knew what kind of traf- fic this man is guilty of,then you would wonderthat anyman's speech andactions should be so contradictory,'a saying whichat that time applied with more force to Pirkheimer than to vSpengler. "But both agreed that he who would heal the wounds of the timesshould give great care to the education ofthe young,and so with Nutzel's,Ebner's and Baum- gartner's help he persuaded the city to found a good high-school.Spengler him- self travelled to Wittenberg in thebeginning of 1525 to ask Lutherand Melanc- thon's advice.By that of the former the Scottish foundation ofSt.Egidins was turned into an Evangelical high-school,andsolemnly opened by Melancthonin 1526.Up to the closeof his life Spengler continued his helpful interest in educa- tion and its weighty teachings,and so too he never wearied in his care for church matters ;in order to make aradical renovation in these Luther proposed a church to church visitation.External matters aided in its successful accomplishment. While the Margrave George von Brandenberg was makingavisitation throughhis territories,Spengler proposed to him to make the same in conjunction with the authorities of Nuremberg,—23 articles of visitation were agreed upon on the Wednesday after Ascension at the convent ofSchwaback in 1528. "Spengler notonlywas present,but used all hisinfluenceto forward the difficult undertaking.All that he undertook in thisdirection,got its durability and con- sistence from the regulations which he formulated.These were moredifficult to put in practice for Nuremberg than for the outlying territory on account of LAZARUS SPENGLER.253 Osiander's jealousy and opposition.But Spengler's persistence and tact over- came all difficulties.All these successes increased his influence in evangelical circles.His sound and wise advice was sought for in all weighty matters.He recommended the citizens of Nurembergnot to kill,butonly to banish,the ana- baptists (1529).At the Nuremberg convention he strove by his pen and tongue to defend theright of theevangelical princes to resist the Emperor by arms 'with never-ending logical shrewdness he substituted christian obedience with forbear- ance,for oaths of allegiance and feudal homage.'Therein he fully agreed with Luther,whose opinion he followed in the matterof the Zwinglians.His writings and letterson this very subject show his steadfastness in the faith,and his sucess- ful use of dialectics.He hoped for nothing from an attemptedreconciliation be- tween Luther and the Swiss;personally he had nothing to do with it. "His life,sofull ofwork,did notpasswithout trials andsorrows.His wifedied early;she bore him nine children—none ofhis sons rosetoeminence.His second sister,Magdalena,was subprioress of Weyda,later of Nordlingen,and died a Catholic in 1536. "To hisyoungestsister,Margaretta,he sent a consolation piece full of beautiful faith,which is stillin print;its title is:'How a christian should console himself in trouble and adversity,and where he should seek help and medicine,Nurem- berg,1529.'He turned with thesame affection to his brother George,who lived in Venice,with this tract:'A short summaryof how a true christian should con- duct himself in all his walk and life towards God and his neighbors,Nuremberg, 1525.' "After asomewhat prolonged life he prepared himself for death with faith and courage.His beautiful confessionof faith,which Luther published,withapref- ace,is entitled:'Confession of Lazarus Spengler,formerly Syndic of the city of Nuremberg—Wittenberg,1535.'He died on the 7th Sept.1534." NOTE 3. (page 19.) Early Mills and Houses in York County. Early Mills. WHEAT or corn was ground to some extent the first year or two of settlements west of the Susquehanna in a "Pioneer mill "—a mortar hollowed in the end of a log,or a stump in which it was ground,Indian fashion,with a pestle.Mills there were none for the first few MII,I,OF THE EARI,Y TIMES. years—the people being obliged to cross the Susquehanna for nearly all their flour and meal.Even from the Conewago settle- EARLY MII.1^AND HOUSKS.255 ment,Diggs'choice,(now Hanover)the long journey was made, first to Downingtown and later to Lancaster county.After the primary essentials were attended to,the small grist mill,run by water power,was constructed. The first mill in York county was built on Kreutz creek about 1735.John Day built the first mill in the northern part of the county,before 1 740.It was twelve and onehalf miles from York. The first mill in the western end of the county,Paradise township, was erected by George Jacobs about 1750.One of the earliest mills of the county was the one erected by Martin Weigle about 1738,on the Little Conewago near the present road from York to Dover.He had first tried to build it on the Codorus,but found the stream too large for his pioneer adventure.His Indian neigh- bors viewed this encroachment with weird astonishment. SETTLERS BUILDINGTHEIR CABINS.(01(1 print.) Early Houses. From IntroductoryMemoirto Braddock's Expedition : "It did not take long to build a house in those days.Logs were felled and hewed the properlength,and arranged with a friendlyaid intothe frame work of a one roomed log cabin.A roof ofpuncheonsrudely shaped with the broad-axe 256 •EARI.Y MII.1^AND HOUSES. was placed upon it,and an outside chimney ofstone andsticks,filled in with clay, adorned one endof the edifice.The intersticesbetween the logs were then plas- tered up with mud and moss,a door,and an aperture for awindow added,and,if the building were a luxurious one,a puncheon floor,and thehouse wasdone.A block or two served for stools;a broad slab of timber for a table;a rude frame work for a couch.In one chamber would sleep all the family;here was their kitchen;here they did eat.In some more elegant establishments,a doublecabin or even a loft was to be found.A few wooden bowls and trenchers,some spoons carved froma horn,acalabash and an iron pot,with twoorthree forksandknives, completed the simple furniture.China or even ordinarydelf ware wasunknown in these early times;a few pack horses on their annual journey were the only means of communication with the seaboard.For food,the chiefreliance wasupon the product of the chase,the corn,pumpkins and potatoes which were cultivated upon the little farm,and the invariable dish of pork.Their cowsyielded them milk;and commeal either ground by hand or powdered in a wooden mortar, furnished theironly bread. "The most important featureof a settlement was,however,its fort.This was simply a place orresort for the people when the Indians wereexpected,and con- sisted of arange of contiguous log-cabins,protected by a stockade and perhaps a block-house or two.It was chiefly in summerand fall that theapproach of the savage was to be dreaded.Families would move into the fort.Panics would crowd the inland towns." NOTE 4. Wm.Fenn's Letter. The Religion and Habits of the Aborigines.Their Weap- ons,Canoes,Food,Hunting,Apparel,&c. THE religious ideas of the aborigi nes have been a matter of much com- ment,as well as how far they possessed a knowl- edge of a Supreme Being.William Penn in a letter,writes thus : "Theysaythereisa Great King that made them,who dwells in a glorious country to the Southward of them, and that thesouls ofthegood shall go thither where they liveagain.Their worship," hesays,"consistsoftwoparts, sacrifice and cantico.Their sacrifice is the first fruits. The first and fattest buck they kill goeth to the fire, where he is all burntwith a mournful ditty of him,that Penn's TreaTV WITH THE INDI.^NS.(Old print.)performeth the ceremony, but with much marvelousfervency and labor of body,that he will even sweat to a foam.The other part is the cantico performed by rounddances,sometimeswords, sometimes songs,then shouts;two being in the middle that begin ;andby sing- ing and drumming on a board direct the chorus.'Theirdiet is maize,or Indian corn divers'ways prepared;sometimes roasted in the ashes;sometimesbeaten and boiled with water,which they call hominie ;they also make cakes,not un- 258 THE ABORIGINES. pleasanttoeat.They likewise have several sorts of beans andpeas,that are good nourishment:and thewoods and rivers are their larders.' "If any European comesto see them orcalls for lodging attheir house,orwig- wam,they give him the best place and firstcut.Ifthey come to visit us,they salute us with an Itah ;which is as much as to say,good be to you,and setthem down ;which is mostlyon the ground close to their heels ;their legsupright ;it maybe they speak not a word,but observeall passages.If you give them any- thing to eat ordrink,well ;forthey will not ask ;and be it littleor much,if it be with kindness,they are well pleased,else they goaway sullenbutsay nothing. They are greatconcealers of their ownresentment ;broughttoitbytherevenge that hath been practised among them.But in liberality they excel ;nothing is too good for their friend.Give them a finegun,coat or otherthing,it may pass twenty hands before it sticks ;light of heart,strong affections,but soon spent . The most merry creatures that live,feast and danceperpetually.They neverhave much nor want much.Wealth circulateth like blood ;all parts partake,and though none shall want what another hath ;yet exactobservanceof propriety. Some Kings have sold,otherspresentedme withseveralparcels of land :the pay or presents I made them were not hoarded by the particular owners;but the neighboring Kings,and their clans being present,when the goods were brought out,the parties chiefly concerned,consulted on what,and to whom,they should givethem.To every King,then,bythe hands of a person forthat work appointed is a proportion sent,so sorted and folded and with that gravitythat it is admira- ble.Then that King siibdividethit ina like manner ;theyhardly leaving them- selves an equal share with oneof their subjects.And be itonsuch occasions as festivals,or after their common meals,the kings distribute,and to themselves last.They care for but little because they wantbutlittle,and the reason isalit- tle contents them.In this they are sufficiently revenged on us ;if they are ignor- ant of our pleasures,tliey are also free from ourpains.They are not disquieted with bills of lading and exchange,nor perplexed with chancery suits,and ex- chequer reckonings.We sweat and toil to live :theirpleasurefeeds them,I mean their hunting,fishing and fowling,and their table is spread everywhere.They eat twice a day,morning and evening,theirseats and tables the ground. "In the fall,when the corn cometh in,they begin to feast one another.There have been two great festivals already ;to which all come that will.I was at one myself—their entertainment was a great seat by a springundersome shady trees; and twenty bucks with hot cakesof new corn,both wheat and beans ;which they make up in asquare form,in the leaves of the stem,and bakethem in the ashes ; and after thatthey fall to a dance,but they that go must carry a small present,in their money ;it may be sixpence,which is made of the boneofa fish ;the black is with them asgold ;the white silver ;they call it all wampum. "Thejustice theyhaveispecuniary;in case of anywrong orevil fact,beitmur- der itself,they atone by feasts,and presents of their wampum,whichis propor- tioned to the quality of the offense or person injured.It is rare that they fall out,if sober ;and ifdrunk they forgive it,saying 'it was the drink and not the man that abused them.'Since the Europeans came intothese parts,theyhave grown great lovers of strong liquors,rum especially ;and for it is exchanged the richest of their skins and furs,Ifthey are heated with liquors,theyare restless till they have enough to sleep ;that is their cry 'some more,and I willgoto sleep ;'but when drunk oneof the mostwretched spectaclesin the world.The THE ABORIGINES.259 worst is that they are the worse for the Christians ;who have propagated their vicesand yielded them tradition for ill and not for good things.It weremiserable indeed for us to fallunder thejustcensureofthe poor Indian conscience,while we make profession of thingsso far transcending. "Their government was by kings,which they called sachems,and those by succession always of the mother's side.For instance the children of him who is now king will not succeed him,but his brother by his mother,or the son of his sister,and afterthemthechildren of her daughter,but no woman in- NDIAN VIIXAGE.(Old print.) herits.Every king hadhis council,consisting of all the old and wise men of his nation.War,peace,selling of land,or traffic,were only undertaken after advis- ing with them,and also with the young men.The king sat in the middle of a half-moon,and had his councilof the old and wise men on each hand ;behind them,or at a little distance,sat the younger fryin thesame figure.Havingcon- sulted and resolved their business,the king orderedone ofthem to speak to me; he stood up,came to me,and in the name ofthe king saluted me ;then took me by the hand,and told me he was ordered by the king to speak to me,andthat now it was not he,but the king,that spoke,because what heshould say was the king's mind.He first prayed me,to excuse them,that they had not complied 260 THE ABORIGINES. with me the last time:he feared there mightbe some fault in the interpretation, being neither Indian nor English ;besides it was the Indian custom todeliberate and take upmuch timein council,before they resolve ;and that if theyoung peo- ple and owners of the land,had been as ready as he,I had not met with so much delay. "Havingthusintroduced his matter,he fell to the bounds of theland theyhad agreed todispose of,and the price,which now is little and dear ;that whichwould have bought twenty miles notnow buying two.During thetime that thisperson spoke not a man of them was observedto whisper or smile ;the old,grave ;the young,reverent in their deportment.They speak little,but fervently and with elegance.I have never seen more natural sagacity,considering them without the help (I was going to say the spoil)of tradition ;and he will deserve the name of wise,thatoutwitsthem in anytreaty,about a thing they understand. "Whenthe purchase wasagreed,greatpromises passed between us of kindness and good neighborhood,andthat the Indians and the English must live in loveas long asthe sungave light ;whichdone,anothermade a speech to theIndians,in the name ofall thesachamakersor kings,just to tell them what was done,nextto chargeand commandthem 'to love the Christians,and particularly tolive inpeace with me,and the people under my Government ;that many governors hadbeen in the river ;butthat no governor had come himself to liveand stay here before ; and having now such an one,that had treated them well,theyshouldneverdohim or his any wrong.'At everysentence of which they shouted and said Amen,in their way," Indian Weapons,Canoes,Food,Trapping,Fishing,Hunt- ing,Apparel,&c. From Hiftlon's History ofthe United States 0/1834 "Prior to their intercourse with Europeans,the weapons of the Indianswere bows and arrows,clubs,tomahawks,and spearsof wood,curiously wrought with stones,shells or other sharply-pointed implements.The tomahawks,spears and arrows,were generally edged with stones,bones or othermaterialsthat could be shaped to an acute point.For the defence of their persons,they had targets, fabricated of thebark oftrees and otherflexile substances.The bark of the small shrub cilled moose wood,which was plentifully found in the woods,furnished excellent cordage,and a sort ofwild hemp wasused for thesame purpose. "Inthe construction of theircanoes,which were of the highest importance in many of their expeditions,as well as their ordinarybusiness,they were singularly curious;these were fabricated from the bark of certain trees,generally of the white birch,orhollowed out ofthe trunks ofsoft timber,by burningand scraping with their rude implements.The former,though they required skill in the work- men,were not so difficult in their construction asthe log canoe;they were ingen- iously shaped and curiouslysewed together with roots,and besmearedwith gums of varioustrees to render them tight,and strengthened within with ribs,ortrans- verse pieces.A bark of this kind,sufficient for the transportation of fiveor six Indians,was portable on the back of a single man;andin thismanner they were carried with facility over the portages between rivers and lakes. "The construction of the log canoe required much labour,aswell aspatience and perseverance.A large tree was to be felled and hollowed out by fire,orby THE ABORIGINES.261 their imperfect tools,or with hothunited.RogerWilliams,who hadmanyoppor- tunities of observing their modes of construction,says,'I have seen a nativego into the woods with his hatchet,carrying only a basket of corn,and stonesto strike fire;when he had felled his tree,andmade a little house or shed of bark, he puts fire and follows the burningin many places;hiscorn he boils,andhath his brook by him,and sometimes angles for a little fish;but so he continues his INDIAN FORT ON THE SUSQUEHANNA.(Old print.) burning and hewing,until he hath,within tenor twelve days,finished hisboat.' "The food of the natives was principally obtained fromthe game and fish with which the country abounded.But they cultivated in the intervals considerable quatities of corn,beans,pumpkins and squashes;the forest furnished a great variety of nuts and other fruits,which in the sale of their lands to the English, they generally reserved for their own use.Indian corn wasan important article; this after being parched and pounded to a coarse meal,and moistened with water was called noke-hick,and eaten on all occasions,when animal food could not be procured,or expedition forbid the time necessary for more protracted cookery. On all excursions,parched corn was carriedinsmall baskets,or sacks,and wasa sure preservativeagainst famine. "Various were their devices for takinglarge game.Onewas the constructing of slight fences of brush,in two lines,wideat one extremity,and converging ata pointat the other,where wasa narrow opening.Here the huntsman placedhim- self,under some cover,and shot the gameas it passed through.Sometimesa curious kind of a trap was contrived atthe opening,by bendingdown aflexible staddle,to which was attached a snare forseizing the animal.When caught in this trap,hisstruggles disengaged the staddle,and suspended him in the air. "Fish were an important article of food,and weretaken with nets,hooks and long spears.With the latter they supplied themselves with shadand salmon jn 262 THE ABORIGINES. abundance,as the}-ascendedthe cataractsofthe rivers,in the springseason.The contrivance was the following:The extremity of the horn ofa deer,orother animal,having a cavity at one end,and sharply pointed at the other,was loosely placed upon the end ofthe spear;a cord attached to thehorn wasstretched along the shaft,and held in the hand thatdirected the stroke.On plunging thepoint into the fish,the spear wasdrawn a little back,and the horn,slipping off,turned across the perforation,andthe fish was drawn from the water. BARTERING WITH THE INDIANS.(01(1 print.) "Fortheir apparel,the Indians were indebted to the moose,deer,bear,beaver, otter,fox,raccoon and some other animals.The skin of the deerwas an import- antmaterial;these when dressed,furnished apliable cover,and were much worn. But theirclothing was but imperfectly fitted to theirbodies,and someparts were left uncovered.After the arrival of the English,the nativesvery readily ex- changed their fur dresses for woollen blankets,and other clothes of European manufacture,and in this change the English found a profitabletrade. "For travelling in cold seasons,they wore a rude kind of shoe,called amocka- son,which was fabricated from moose and deer skins,gathered to shape the feet, by sinews of animals;but they were a poor defence for the feet in wetweather. In travelling in deep snows,they had recourse to snow shoesor rackets.' ' NOTE 5. (page 49.) Witchcraft and Conjuration Among the Pennsyl- vania Germans. MANYofthe early PennsylvaniaGermansheldamongthem- selves the superstitions of the peasantry ofthe land from which they came.The howl of the dog,the hoot of the owl,the croak of the raven were to them prognos- tications of evil.They believed in dreams,love spells and charms, and in incantations for the relief of aches and hemorrhages.The horse shoe nailed to the door was fatal to the witch,and the tail or ear of the black cat,or young dog,would counteract the machi- nations of the sorcerer.'Some ot these superstitions in a modified form,yet linger among the agricultural class of their descendants. Many of them still own mystic books which their forefathers scrupulously guarded.They are,of course,in the German lan- guage,and give full details of the black art—"Hexerei "conjur- ings,producing spells,discovering thieves and producing cures. The pow-wow doctor was also in the olden times an interesting character.This venerable type of magic healer is still prevalent in a few sections,but is fast passing away.Pow-wow healing — "braucha"—was effected by faith and prayers.For each affliction there was a special prayer ;and among the curable complaints were,hemorrhages,burns,erysipelas,wildfire,felons,lameness, sprains,poison,plague and many other afflictions,such as wasting away,fits and St.Anthony's dance.After inaudible prayers,or Biblical quotations,and the passing of the hands over the patient, the consuming evil spirit within was driven out,and the sufferer healed.It must,however,be remembered in extenuation of this mysterious magic cureof baffling afflictions of humanlife,that one hundred and fifty years ago there was not in the forests of this 1Introductory MemoirtoBraddock's Expedition. 264 WITCHCRAFT IN PENNSYI.VANIA. country a patent medicine advertised for every ill that flesh is heir to. The reader will find an action for slander instituted in the Court of Common Pleas,of York County,to No.6 June term 1880,by Bartholomew Heckenyos and Anna Mary his wife,against Henry Kindig (all German peasant born)in which the writer was attor- ney for the plaintiffs.The declaration filed averred that the de- fendant had maliciously slandered,vilHfied,and defamed the wife by stating to the neighbors that she was a sorceress,and had be- witched his cows so that they gave bloody milk.The defendant was firmly of the belief that Mrs.Heckenyos had cast a spell over his cows producing the lacteal disorder.The matter was after- ward amicably adjusted and the action discoutinued. "AllENTown,Pa.,Oct.26,1895^—Belief in witchcraft still exists in the rural districts of Lehigh County,andto-day a lawsuit was startedwhich is foundedon thisbelief. George Winch,through his counsel,Hon.William H.Sowden,entered suit against LovineH.Laub.Both are residents of Shoenersville.The father-in-law of Laub,an old man namedTrieble,has been ill for a long time.Various physi- cians were tried,but no reliefwas afforded.Laubisa firmbeliever iu witchcraft, orhexeri,as the PennsylvaniaGermans call it.He went to Reading to hunt upa witchdoctor.The latter diagnosed the caseandsaid thatTrieble was undoubtedly bewitched and announced to the family that the first person who called at the house wasthe witch. About the same time that the Reading witch doctor was diagnosing the case Farmer George Winch discovered thathe needed some cordwood and he at once left for Neighbor Laub's house to order it.He was thefirst person to arrive after the Reading hexari doctor hadgiven hisopinion and Laub at once concluded that Mr.Winch was the person who practiced diabolical acts and cast a spellover Trieble. Mr.Winch states that Laub called on his family physician at Bethlehem and saidhewould soon have Winch for a patient,meaning he would be taken ill when the spells of the witch doctorbegan toworkonhim.Theplaintiffalsoclaims that Laub told all the neighbors that his father-in-law was bewitched and that in nine days they would find out who the witch was.This had the effectof stirring up the neighborhood to a high pitch of curiosity.After the nine days Laub told the people whothewitchwas.Thisannouncement was made at a picnic. Mr.Winch claims that all this has tended to injure him in the estimation of his neighbors,many of whom are firm believers in witchcraft and thinkthat he has communication with the evil spirits.He claims fs.ooo damages for loss of his reputation.The case will comeup fortrial atthe next term of courtand willbe one ofthe mostinteresting ever tried here. Thenumberofpeople in Lehigh county who believein witchcraft is astonishing and many of them are persons whoare generally accredited as being intelligent." The only trial for witchcraft in Pennsylvania took place before WITCHCRAFT IN PENNSYLVANIA.265 Wm.Penn and a jury,December 12,1683,and resulted,not in a Puritanical hanging,but in a verdict of acquittal. ACHARGEOF WITCHCRAFT. Witch Trial at Philadelphia in 1683. In volume i.Colonial Records,page 95,is given the following trial of two witches in this Statein 1683: "Att a Councill held in Philadelphia ye 7th 12th Mo.,1683.Present:Wm. PENN,Proper and Govr;lasse Cock,Wm.Clayton,Jno.Smycock,Tho Holmes. Margaret Mattson and Yeshro Hendrickson,Examined and aboutto beproved Witches;whereupon,this board Ordered that Neels Matson should Enter into a recognizance ot fifty pounds for his Wiflf's appearancebefore this board the 27th Instant,HendrickJacobson doth the samefor hiswife. Adjourned till the 20th I2tli Mo.,S3. Margarit Matson's Indictmt was read,and she pleads not Guilty,and willbe tryed by the Countrey. lasse Cock attested Interpriter between the Proporandthe Prisoneratthe Barr. The Petty Jury Impanneled;their names are as followed:Jno.Hasting,fore- man,Robt Wade,Wm.Hewes,Jno.Gibbons,AlbertusHendrickson,Nath,Evans, Jer.Collet,Walter Martin Robt Piles,Edw Darter,Jno.Kinsman,Edw Bezac. Henry Drystreet attested,Saith he was tould 20 yearsagoe,thatthe prisoner at the Barrwas a Witch,&that severall Cows were bewitcht by her;also,that James Saunderlings mother tould him that she bewicht her cow,but afterwards said it was a mistake,andthat her Cow should do well agane,for it was nother Cow but an OtherPerson's that should dye. Charles Ashcom attested,saith that Anthony's Wife being asked whyshesould her Cattle;was because her mother had Bewicht them,having taken the Witch- craft of Heudrick's Cattle,and put it on their Oxen;She myght Keep but noe 266 WITCHCRAFT IN PENNSYLVANIA. Other Cattle,and also that one night the Daughter of ye Prisoner called him up hastely,and when he came she sayd there was a great Light butjust before,and an Old woman with a Knife in her hand at ye Bedd's feet,and therefore shee cryed out and desired Jno.Symcock to take away his calves,or Else she woud send themto Hell. James Claypooleattested Interpritor betwixt the Proper andthe Prisoner. The affidavidofJno.Vanculin read,Charles Ashcom being a Witness to it. Annakey Coolin attested saith herhusband tooke the Heart ofa Calfethatdyed, as they thought by Witchcraft,and Boyledit,whereuponthe Prisoneratye Barr came in and asked them what they were doing;they caid boylingof flesh;she said they had betterhad Boyledthe Bones,with severall otherunseemlyExpres- sions. Margaret Mattson saith that she Valines not Drystreets Evidence;butifSander- lins mother had come,she wouldhave answered her;also denyeth Charles Ahs- com's Attestation at her soul,and Saith where ismy Daughter;let her come and sayso. Annakey Cooling's attestation concerning the Gees,she denyeth,saying she was never outofherConoo,andalso thatsheneversaid anysuch things Concern- ing theCalve's heart. Jno.Cock attested,sayth he Knows nothing of the matter. Tho.Baldings attestation was read,and Tho:Bracy attested saith it isaTrue copy. The Prisoner denyeth all things,and sayeththat ye Witnesses speak onlyby hearsay. After which ye Govr gave the jury their charge concerning ye Prisoner at ye Barr. Thejury wentforth,and upon their Return Brought her in Guilty of having the common fame of a Witch,but not guilty in manner and form as Shee stands In- dicted. Neels Mattson and Antho.Neelson Enters into a Recognizance of fiftypounds apiece,for the good behavior ofMargaret Matson for six months. Jacob Hendrickson Enters into Recognizance of fifty pounds forthe good be- haviour ofGelro Hendrickson forsix months. Adjourned tillye 20th day ofye first Mo.,1684." NOTE 6. (page 67.) Wagoning,Pleasure Carriages,Turnpikes,and Harvests in the Early Days.' Wagoning. MOST of the hauling by the first settlers was done in the winter,when the horses were not needed on the farm. The famous "Conestoga wagons"were used,and many teamsters made it a business,year after year,to follow wagoning from Philadelphia and Baltimore to Pittsburg. Four,six and eight-horse teams were common;some of the ani- mals were furnished with bells,fitted so as to form an arch over the collar.The large wheel-horse carried the bass bells,and the other animals had bells producing different notes,selected to har- monize or chime.The wagons were masterpieces of workman- ship,with the wheels painted red and the bed blue.This wagon business caused taverns to spring up without number along the leading thoroughfares.To men who followed this wagoning,as well as the tavern-keepers the railroad and canals were innovations and unwelcome improvements.Each successive improvement of the highways of travel and commerce met its full share of opposi- tion.The turnpike provoked a fierce antagonism;for the stage coach and Conestoga wagon rendered the pack horse"a uselessin- stitution.^ General Alexonder Ogle,member of Congress in the days of General Jackson,in the course of a Fourth of July oration,de- scribed the opposition to the turnpike and wagon transportation: "Your grandmother,"said he,"can tell you what a rumpus these ninnies raised around the first wagon road over the mountains to Pittsburg.It would break up the packhorse men and the horse ^Gibson's History ofYork Couiity,withadditionsbythewriter, 'Antep.65. ^Antep.174. 268 EARLY VEHICLES AND HARVESTS. breeders would be ruined.I told them that one wagon could carry as much salt,bar iron and brandy from Philadelphia or Baltimore as a whole caravan of half starved mountain ponies,and I further told them that of all the people in the world fools have the least sense." Pleasure Carriages. The old-fashioned gig and barouche were owned by a few per- sons,and some of the wealthy owned a chaise for apleasure wagon as far back as 1770.In 1783 there were but thirty of them as- sessed in the entirecounty, _^^^z";""^-including Adams county. They were then generally called a "chair."In 1830 the modern carriage be- gan to be made.Previ- ous to that time most of the traveling was done on horseback.People went to church in that way. In the southern part of the county many went in ox carts.Among the Quakers horseback riding was the universal mode.The wo. men of those days became very skillful and daring in the prac- tice.Children were frequently taken along and made to sit in front or behind the rider.Maidens of sixteen or eighteen would take butter and eggs to market on horseback and heartily enjoy it. The Old Time Harvests. GRANDFATHERS iBAROUCHE. The fields were plowed in "lands"by several furrows being thrown together.In harvest time two or four reapers would take a "land."The harvest season was a time of great enjoyment. Neighboring farmers assisted each other.Ten,fifteen,and some- times as many as a hundred reapers,both men and women,worked in one field as a gay lively company.Town people went to assist. One "through "was reaped,the "grips"were bound on the re- SCENE ON THE YORK NAVIGATION CANAL.1835. PRIMITIVE PASSENGER TRAIN,(p.174. EARLY VEHICLES AND HARVESTS.269 turn,and the keg of ardent spirits tapped at the end of each "round."Before the introduction of the cradle,tradesmen and townspeople all temporarily dropped their vocations,and went to "help harvest."On the farm of George Hoke,afterwards William Hoke's place,in West Manchester,in 1828,there were 102 reap- ers,men and women,reaping with the sickel in one field They soon cut the grain of that field,and went to another.About the same time,near by,Peter Wolf had fifty-four reapers at work. They passed along like a moving battle line,and made an inter- esting sight.A good reaper could cut forty-two dozen of sheaves in a day.The German scythe,made of malleable iron,sharpened by hammering the edge on a small anvil,was used for mow- ing.The whetstone was carried by the mower,with a horn con- taining water mixed with vinegar.For cutting spelts,rye and wheat,the sickel was almost universally used until about the be- ginning of the war of 1812,or possibly five years earlier,when the grain cradle came into use in York County,and the country in general.The sickle was indeed extensively used much later. NOTE 7. (PAGB 69.) Account of the Personal Estate of Rudolph Speng- ler,Deceased. THE ACCOMPT of Philip JacobandBarbarahisWife (lateBarbara Speng- ler)and George Kann,Administrators of all and singular the goods and Chatties,rights and Credits which were of Rudolph Spengler late of Paradise Township in the Countyof York yoeman deceased,as well as all and singular the goods and Chatties,rights and Creditswhich were of the said deceased at the Time of his Death,which came to their Hands Possession and knowledge,as of their payments and disbursnients,out of and against the same Viz. "ThesaidAccomptants charge themselveswithall andsingular the goods and Chatties,rights and Credits,which wereofthe said deceased,accordingtoan Inventory andAppraisement thereof, exhibited and remaining in the Register's office,at York, amountingtothe sum of ^299 2 l}( The saidAccomptantsfurther Charge themselveswith the advance of Salesof Vendue to the sum of 21 28 They also chargethemselves with Part of a Debt due by Michael Swoope of ^38 18 o whereof the sumof^20 16 2 only was charged in theInventory 18 10 Alsowith Old Maryland and Pennsylvania Paper money 2 13 9 Also with Interest received on John Treber's Bond more than what ischarged in the Inventory I 30 ^342 3 4X "The said Accomptants,also Pray allowance for their several Paymentsand Disbursements,out ofand against thesaid Estate as follows prreceipts By Cash pr.the Register for Letters of Admon ^i 3 9 1 Jacob Wymerfor deeds.Coffin as per rect 2 5 o 2 Christian Wust for appraiseing &c per rect 2 5 o 3 Saml Arnold for "pr do 015 o 4 John Miller forClhs'hp pr do I 8 6 5 Wm Mummert for Crying Vendue pr do o 15 o 6 Joseph Sherch Coir for 1782 pr do 3 3 6 7 Peter Trump Do 1783 pr do I 18 2 8 Jacob Howry Do 1784 pr do "15 10 9 JacobZiegler as pr provn Acct pr do 3 16 o 10 Jacob Bertesen as pr do pr do 1 3 6 11 John Threber as prdo pr do 016 o 12 Geo.Lewis Lefler as prReceipt i o o ESTATE ACCOUNT OF RUDOLPH SPENGI.ER.271 13 Michl Swope as pr do i 9 7>^ 14 Jacob Howry as pr do "5 11 15 John Moyer as pr do "5 o 16 EHzabth Grezemeraspr do "5 o 17 Jos.Welshansas pr do "4 o The said Accomptants further pray allowance for theold Mary- land and Penns'a Paper money charged on the Debit side of thisacct 2 13 9TheClkforStatingthisAcct76 TheRegister's fees for examining&cthisaccount and &Copy. . ^5 9ThomasHartleyEsqraCounselPeeconcerningthisestatei10o TheOrphans Court fee 12 9 The allowance made to George Kann one of the Adr.for his trouble and expense 10 o o The allowance made to the other Adrs.for their trouble and expense 3 o o Balance in the Hands ofthe said AdmrsSubject to Distribution. . 301 11 4 ^342 3 41>4"Exhibited in the Registers Office at York the 27th Day ofNovr.17S9 Novr J7S9 1 Administratorsboth sworn to thetruth ofthis By.Barbara Jacob >acct.as stated. George Kann J Cor.J.Bar^jitz,Regr. NOTE 11 (page 75.) Th€Vituperative and Acrimonious Harrison Van Buren Campaign of 1840. President Van Buren's Passage Through York.The Re- mains OF President Harrison Brought to York; the Obsequies and Procession. THE Presidential campaign of 1840 was the longest in the history of the country,and,excepting that of i860,alto- gether the most exciting.It began eleven months be- fore the election with the nomination of Gen.W.H. Harrison,at Harrisburg in December,1839,a nomination effected by the most extraordinary of sharp political contrivances,ingeni- ous and complicated.Mr.Harrison was nominated by a majority of 42 over the united votes of Gen.Scott and Mr.Clay,Scott re- ceiving 16 votes,Mr.Clay 90,and Gen.Harrison 148. The campaign that succeeded was one of extraordinary excite- ment and incident.According to Mr.Benton it was conducted on the Harrison side by the banks andtheir agents,who "used money in fabulous amounts,and in ways not dreamed of." In an address to the country,Amos Kendall declared that "con- tempt of the people layat the bottom ofthe whole Harrison scheme of electioneering.""We have seen vast assemblages collected together,"he said,"at great labor and cost,not to respond to any principles,or to listen to any argument,but to drown the voice of reason in the shouts ofrevelry,and to lead captive the feelings of the people in a senseless excitement,aroused by the hauling of log cabins,canoes and cider barrels through the streets ;the display of banners with unmeaning mottoes ;the singing of doggerel rhymes,and the exhibition of vulgar pictures ;riot and drunken- ness,joined with mummery and mockery—all alike disgraceful aud insulting."Above everything else,however,according to the HARRISON—VAN BUREN CAMPAIGN.273 same authority,was the "use of money without stint,thejabuse of ofi&cial station,and privilege without restraint,and the violation of the law without reserve ;"altogether forming "a flood of demora- BUREN AND RUIN.(From au cilJ prinlin S.Y.Sun. lization,"in "some of the states resting in stagnant pools,con- taminating the atmosphere of liberty,and threatening death to everything virtuous,noble and free—"even to the Republic itself. 274 HARRISON—VAN BUREN CAMPAIGN. This was putting the case very strongly,but no doubt Mr.Ken- dall devoutly believed all that he alleged. The Harrison men—otherwise the Whigs—were notin the least moved by the complaints and charges of the Democrats,otherwise the "Locofocos,"but continued to hold their big meetings,to ex- hibit their vulgar pictures,to sing their doggerel rhymes,to drink their hard cider,and to drag their canoes and log cabins on wheels through the streets and along the country roads.They got "back "at the Locofocos with charges quite as serious as those against which they were called upon to defend.They declared that Mr.Van Buren—whose father had kept a country tavern — was an aristocrat,a monarchist,in fact ;who lived in royal style in the White House,who ate his soup out of spoons of gold and his pie with knives of silver ;who honored the rich and despised the poor ;who demanded a standing army of 200,000 men under his own control,for what sinister purpose of enslavement of the people is easily inferred.He had wasted the public revenues,had increased the public expenditure,and had added $20,000,000 tothe public debt.He was hostile to the churches in all their sects,and sought the destruction of the ministers of religion.He was the enemy of free labor,who aimed to bring the wages of American workmen to the European level,and to destroy the profits of the American farmers.Among the minor charges were two ;that he had established new mints in whichit cost 40 per cent,ofthe value of gold eagles to coin them,and that turned out ten cent pieces at a cost of thirty cents each !And a great deal more of the same kind,ending with the declaration that one term was enough for any man. The local campaign in point of vituperation and bitterness was fully equal to thegeneralstandard.In the York Democratic Press of 1840 a local candidate was designated as a "man of business habits,and no discarded preacher like his competitor,who has said the Democrats want but horns to make them oxen." "Gen.Harrison carries his pockets full ofpaper certificates,vin- dicating him from the charge of being too prudent,but bears no bodily evidence of ever having been within gun-shot of the enemy, while the Democratic candidate for the Vice Presidency bears upon his frame seventeen scars,enduring memorials of his valor."A HARRISON—VAN BUREN CAMPAIGN.275 "British Whig "spoke of the York County Germans,says the Press :"The Black Dutch,with black rings around their necks,I can buy any of them with a half pint of whiskey." Among the newspaper headings in the Democratic Press we find the following :"Brutal Assault by Captain Joseph Garretson, of the York Cavalry Troop,upon the Editor of the Press.""The Liar Nailed.""The Wild Bear Show.""British Gold Opposed to the Rights of Freemen.""The British Nobility and the Rag Barons of this Country.""Fraud Proven.""The Hard Cider, Coon Skin and Extra Pay Ticket.""To Your Tents,Oh Israel." After the campaign :"For Salt River:the Well Known and Fast Sailing Schooner,Locofoco,will Sail for the Head Waters of Salt River on Monday the 30th." The real issues of the campaign related to currency,banking and tariff.As to the latter,the Harrison (or Whig)doctrine was immensely removed from what is now called "McKinleyism." Gen.Harrison's position on that subject was authoratively stated in these words :"He is in favor of such judicious tariff regulations as shall provide for the actual wants of the Government and pro- tect the national industry,without affording the means of extrava- gance,or a surplus beyond what may be necessary to discharge its current and existing obligations,holding it "to be the duty of the Government to keep the expenses within its ordinary revenues." It was,however,the opinion of Gen.Harrison and his supporters that,even upon this moderate view oftarifflegislation,a sufficient protection might be had to give to the farmers profitable prices for their products,and to the artisans and laborers of the country con- stant employment,fair wages,and prompt pay—in short,"$2 a day and roast beef."The industrial state of the country was one of great depression ;and as Mr.Van Buren was held responsible for it,it was not surprising that he was beaten,badly,both before the people and in the electoral colleges.Out of a total of 2,411,- 700 votes,of which 7,059 were for an anti-slavery candidate.Gen. Harrison had a majority of 146,315,and in the electoral colleges 234 votes against 60 for Mr.Van Buren. Among the Whig pictures described by Amos Kendall as "vul- gar,"are here reproduced two of the most characteristicentitled re- spectively "Harrison and Prosperity,""Van Buren and Ruin."The 276 HARRISON—VAN BUREN CAMPAIGN. method of these pictures is familiar enough now,but they were a great deal ofa novelty then,and rendered powerful service for the Whig cause,as although much exaggerated of course,they were descriptive of an actually existing condition,for which,however, Mr.Van Buren was not in fact responsible. A Visit from President Van Buren in 1839. From the York Republican ofJune 26,iSjg. "His excellency,Martin Van Buren,President of the UnitedStates,arrivedin our borough on last Friday afternoon from Washington—remained at the White Hall Hotel,(now the National)until Saturday morningat six o'clock,and then pursued hisjourney to Harrisburg,taking thatroute to NewYork,in which State he intends to remain during the month of July.Hetravelled in a carriage and pair,accompanied by one of his sons and attended bytwo colored servants,one driving himand the otherriding on horseback. "During his stay here he was called on by a number of ourcitizens,who were introducedtohim and shook thehand ofthe Chief Magistrate oftheUnited States ; we are,however,unable tosayanythingofhispersonal appearanceor social quali- tiesas we did not see the distinguished functionary." President Harrison's Lamented Death.Funeral Honors IN York in 1841. TheRepublican,York,April 22,1S41. "The citizensofour borough manifested on Saturdaylast,theirprofound sorrow for the death of President Harrison,with becomingsolemnity.Agreeably to pre- vious arrangement,a military civic procession was formed at 12o'clock,which was composed offrom twelve to fifteen hundred persons,and after it had moved in a slow and solemn order through some of the principal streets,it terminatedits march"at the first Lutheran Church,where prayers were offered up to the throne of Grace by the Rev.Dr.Schmucker,and the Rev.Dr.Cathcart,and an address delivered by the Hon.Charles A.Barnitz.The choir also performed the appro- priate anthems.All the business was suspended during the exercises,and there was an unanimity of feeling on the occasion which gave a moral beauty to the scene.Citizens who had long indulged in party strife were commingled together withoutdistinction,in thesacred office ofrendering homage oftheir respect to the departed Patriot." The Arrival in York of the Remj^ins of President Harrison.The Funeral Procession. The Republican,June 23,1S41. "The sacred relics of a great and good man were brought from Washington to Baltimore on Saturdaylast,and remainedin thelatter city untilMonday morning, the volunteers supplying a military guard for the body,which was also attended HARRISON—VAN BUREN CAMPAIGN.277 by a guard of honor from the Marine Corps at Washington,commanded by Col. Henderson,who are to accompany it to its final restingplace atNorth Bend.The Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail Road Company with a liberality which does them the very highest credit,tendered tothe committee charged by the citizens of Cincinnati with the dutyof removingthe body to the West,a special train of cars to carry it to Columbia,and also invited themilitary companies of the city to attend it to that point.Intelligence ofthe intention to bring the remainsthrough this place having reached here on Sunday last,measures weretaken to pay the laet sad honourstothe memory of the deceased President.A committee on the part of the volunteers and citizens started early on Monday morning to meet the incoming train from Baltimoreand attend it to town.At lo o'clock the military corps paraded,and the Beneficial Association,Fire Companies,Literary Socie- ties,the Clergy,members of the Bar,Physicians,Borough Officers and citizens generally united with them in forming a Procession—the several associations having their banners clothed inmourning—under the command ofGen.Michael Doudel,the Blarshal at the funeral ceremonies on the 17th ofApril last.In this order the procession moved out the Railroad to the South Borough line where it halted to awaitthe arrival of the cars.These came about 12 o'clock,and in addi- tion to the Cincinnati committee,were filled with the President and Directors of the Railroad Company,and a numberof military corps ofBaltimore,among which we noticedtheEutaw Infantry,Independent Blues,National Guards,JuniorArtiller- ists,and the First Baltimore Light Infantry,all of whom immediatelyalighted, formed in front of the cars,and passed along the line of the York Procession, which saluted them and immediately fell in at the rearof the train,which moved at a very slow rate,and in this order to the strains of funeral music,the entire body proceeded to the Rail Road Depot,presentingamost impressive and solemn appearance.There the procession dismissed and the York volunteers and many citizens joined the companies which came from Baltimore,proceeding in the cars to Wrightsville and thence to Columbia,where the military companies,having been reinforced by the arrival of the Baltimore Independent Grays,escorted the body to the canal and sawit safely deposited on boardofthe boat,which was to convey it towards its western destination.The York and Baltimore volunteers, returned thence to this Borough,and after unitedly formingoneofthe handsomest parades through our town that weever witnessed,the latter resumed theirplaces in the cars and wended their waytothe Monumental City.Weare aware that we have furnished a very important description ofthe appropriateceremonies ofthe day,but those who saw or participated inthem will not readily forget theirbeauty and solemnity hallowed as they were by thesentiment ofreverence for thevirtues, character and patriotism of an illustriousman who had been summoned from the affectionsofa devoted people,and gathered to the grave from thehighestpinnacle of earthly honortobe mourned by a mighty nation." NOTE 8. (PAGE 76,) Captain Yost Herbach. Reminiscences of the Early Days.A Teamster in the Brad- dock Expedition ;at the Indian Battle of Bloody Run ; A Captain in the Revolutionary War. From the York GazetteofAugust 16,1S31 . "ANOTHER REVOLUTIONARY HERO GONE. "At Antietam,near Hagerstown,in Washington county,Maryland,on the 2nd inst.,Captain Yost Harbaugh,a soldierofthe Revolution,anative of Yorkcounty, Pa.in the 90th yearof hisage.He was formerly a member ofthe Pennsylvania Legislature." From the Vork WeeklyofApril 13,181)4. "Captain YostHarbaugh,whosedeath,in 1831,is recorded in the York Gazette ofthatyear,andcopied under 'The Glimpses ofYork Sixty Years Ago,'inanother column ofthis issue,wasCaptainofthe Seventh Companyofthe Second Battalion of York county'scontingent in the Revolutionarywar,and was in active service in that struggle.He was the sixth son of Yost Herbach,the elder,a Swiss emi- grant.He was born in 1741,and in 1755,when but 14 years old,accompanied Braddock'sexpedition as teamster,and was also at Bloody Run in the Indian wars. (Gen.Braddock in a letter said:'In every instance,but in my contractforthe Pennsylvania wagons,I have been deceived,and met with nothing but lies and villainy.')In 1799 he represented Yorkcountyin the State Legislature. "He was a verylarge man,fully six feet in height and well proportioned.His dress continued throughout his long life to beof the old Continental style.He remembered,and,in his extreme old.nge,loved nothingso well as to sit,on winter evenings,by the big fire on the hearth,surrounded bygroups of young folks,and tell them tales of the olden times,of thetimes and thingswhen he was young,of the earlydays when the Indians were about. "How,when he lived on his farm,now Samuel Rutter's nearEmigsville,where still stands the old Swiss barn erected by himin 1793,and which stillbears his name carved in a stone in the gable,the children went to gather whortleberries in the woods on the hills beyond the Codorus,and found in the leaves several pretty little puppies as they supposed,which the girls took pity onand carriedhome, where they were told by him,totheir great surprise and consternation,that the little foundlings were young wolves.How some of the farm handsproposed to kill them,and how he,on the score of prudence,as well as humanity,accompanied by several of the men with loaded rifles and an ample supply of ammunition against a not improbable emergency,carried the mistaken andunwelcome pets CAPTAIN YOST HERBACH.279 back to their forest home.In those days,"he said,"it was nothing unusual for wolvestoattack and destroy sheep at night and carry the lambs away. "He lived to the great age ofeighty-nine years,nine months andninedays,and died in the full faith of the German Reformed church,and in the full possession of all hissensesand mental faculties,on August i,1S32,ofa violentattackofcholera, after an illness of four days,at the residence of his daughter,Mrs.Benjamin Emmert,in Maryland,and was buried in the Antietam cemetery,located near the bloody battlefield of that name.His remains were recently taken and deposited in the Emmert lot in the graveyard near Funkstown,Washington county,Mary- land. "He was grandfather of the distinguished lawyer,Henry L.Fisher,Esq.,of York,from whose invaluable contributionon the 'Pennsylvania Germans'toGib- son's York County History,many of the foregoing facts were obtained;and also the great grandfather of Edward W.Spangler,Esq.,who at thebattle of An- tietam,in 1S62,fired eighty-eight rounds,and had the stock of his rifleshattered by a Rebel bullet,within cannon shot of the sepulchre of hisRevolutionary an- cestor." The following interesting notice of his life,character,and death,is from the "York Republican,"of August i6th,1831. A WORTHY CITIZEN AND HERO AT REST. "Died—On Monday,the ist ult.,at Mr.Emmert's,his son-in-law,near Hagers- town,Md.,the aged and venerable Yost Harbaugh,Esq.Mr.Harbaugh wasat- THE LURKING SAVAGE. tacked by the cholera,and only survived this rapidly mortal disease four days. He was born on the nth of October,old style,(22ndof October)1741,therefore, he lived to the advanced age of eighty-nine years,nine months and9days.The deceased always lived on plain,frugal diet,the substantials oflife,and was per- 280 CAPTAIN YOST HERBACH. fectlytemperateand sober,free fromallpassion,and excessive induluence of every kind.He wasan uneducated man,butpossessed a native vigorof intellect,and a large share of common sense,which gave him a conspicuous,as well as useful standing iti societv.Mr.Harbaugh well remembered when theIndians,whose name as a nation,haslong since become extinct,hadatown on thebanks of Canoe run,near Kreutz church,in Hellam township,andthat the borough of York had to be guarded by sentinels during the night,against their hostile incursions. With a plow,a furrow was drawn around the town,serving as a demarkation, along which the sentinels marched in the execution of their duty.What awon- derful change has taken place since the birth of Mr.H.,in ourown town and country and throughout the Union !'Solitary plains have been made glad,andthe wilderness to blossom as the rose!'The desert has become studdedwith townsand cities,and covered with an immense population,evidently and anxiously pushing the spirit of enterprise further on,which,indeed,seems as if it had just com- menced,marking with striking evidence,theonward march of mind.From the year 1770,to the close of the year 1815,a period of forty-five years,the American Revolution commenced and closed,with the establishment ofa newEmpire,grow- ing andextending itself to illimitable bounds,andby its example and moral influ- enceoperating upon and fanningthe sparkoflibertyamongstall nations.Within this period,the French Revolution commenced and terminated,and all the exces- ses of that bloody and murderous time passedinto oblivion,with all the splendid battles,glory and victoriesofNapoleon,whose brilliantcareercaused anastounded world to pause,and gaze with amazement—all,allhad their rise and termination in the space of one man's lifetime.These causes of deep reflection are naturally awakened in the mind,when we contemplate thelife and deathofsuch a patriarch as the subject of this obituary notice,teachingus a knowledge of our utternoth- ingness,and the extreme vanities of human life.Well might such men as Edmund Burke exclaim :'Oh,what shadows we are,and jvhat shadows we pursue.' " The original Muster Roll,in German,of Captain Herbach's (original spelling)Company in the Revolutionary War is in the writer's possession.(Notes 15 &34.) NOTE 9. (PAGE 88.) Indian Incursions into York County in 1755. Great Consternation Among the Inhabitants.Letter OF Sundry Persons at York,to Gov.Morris,1755. "Mayit pleaseyour Honour, "We receiv'd sundrie Acc'tslately,all concerning in this,that anumerousBody of Indians &some French are in this Province,which hasputthe Inhabitants here in the greatestConfusion,the principalof whom havemetsundrieTimes,& on examination find thatmanyof ushave neitherArms nor Ammunition. THE DECI,ARA.TION OF WAR.(Oldprint.) "Herewith wesend a copyofan Express just arrived from John Harris's Ferry, by Way of James Anderson,with Intelligence thatthe Indians are encamp'd up Susquehannah within a Day of two's March of that Place and 'tis probable,before this comes to Hand,partofthese back counties may bedistroyed. "We believe there are men enough willing to bear Arms&go out against the Enemy,were they supplied with Arms,Ammunition &a reasonable Allowance for 282 INDIAN INCURSIONS IN 1755. their time,but without this,atleast arms andAmmunition,we fear littletopur- pose can be done. "If somemeasures,arenot speedily fallen upon,we must eithersitathome till we are butcher'd without Mercy or Resistance,run away,or goout a confused Multitude destituteofArms and Ammunition &without Discipline or proper Offi- cers,orany way fixed on to besupplied with Provisions. "In short weknownotwhat to do,&havenotmuch time to deliberate. "As the Company who go,from this Town &Parts adjacent,to Morrow,tothe assistance of the Inhabitants of our Frontiers,will take almost all our Arms & Ammunition with them.We humbly pray your Honourtoorder us some Arms & Ammunition,otherwise we must desert our Habitations. "We have sent the Bearer Express with this letter,and also a Petitiontothe Assembly,which our People weresigning,when the Express came to Hand. "We humbly hope your Honour will excuse this Freedom,which ourdistress has obliged usto use,and beg leave to subscribeourselves. "HonouredSir, your most obedient Humble Serv't. GEO.STEVENSON. GUR.UPDEGRAFF. THOS.ANNGR. JAMES SMITH. JOHN ADLUM. "Endorsed.—Letter from the MagistratesofYork County,tothe Govr. "York Saturday li o'clock,P.M.,istNovr.1755. George Stevenson to R.Peters,1755. "Dr.Sir, "By the Express which I suppose,more than dailycome to yr.Hand from the Frontier Parts of this Province,you can conceive the Confusion,Horror &Dis- tress,with which every breast is filled;All possibleAttempts have been madehere to Stockade this Town,but in vain,on receipt of the Governors Summon I dis- patch'd the Sub Sheriff to David McConaughys,knowingthat Mr.Hamilton was over the Hills,I doubt he will not go down,his Family &Neighbours being in such consternation. "I'minform'dJohn &Jas.Wright donotgo,We have sent downapetition by the Bearer sign'd in about a quarter of a Hour,whilst we were yet signing it We received the Express from Harris's a Copyof which we have sent to the Gover- nor,together witha Letter,five of us have made boldto write to him on this Im- portant Subject I beg you will use your Influence with the Governor and Mr. Allen,to whom I made free to write two daysago,I am so fatigued withthe Peo- ple,&'tis now so late that I must conclude. "Dr.Sr, yrmostobliged &obedient Servt, GEO.STEVENSON. "York,12 O'clock,Saturday Night,ist Nov.,1755. "Mr.Peters. "Indorsed George Stevenson,ist Novr,1755." INDIAN INCURSIONS IN 1755.283 George Stevenson to R.Peters,1755. "DrSir: "As the Bearercarriesthe same Newstoyou which hebrought to me,'tisneed- less to sayanything about that. "We have sent 53 Men,well filed,fromthisTownlast Monday 2 o'clock P.M. &a Doctor,some Medicines &what Ammunition we could spare to Tobs Hen- drick's to join the main Body of English Tories on the most needful Partofthe Frontiers,Mr.Adlum is with them,Mr.Hamilton is gonetowards Conigogeeg last Sunday with aCompany. "Mr.Bay yesterday with &at the Headof another.We areall aloftand such as have Arms hold themselves ready,but alas they are few in Number ;40 men came here yesterdaywilling to defend,but had but 3 guns &no Ammunition,and could get none here,therefore went home again. THE RESULT OF THE DECLARATION.(Old print.) "We stay all here yet,how long God knows,6 Families fled from theirHomes, Dist.about 15 miles viz :Conewago last Night,the last came into TownaboutDay Break This Morning.I am determined tostey &by theassistence of Mr.Lispy &theotherJustices,on the spot spirit upthe People &keep 'em together (ifpos- sible,)till I hear from the Government. "A few of ushavepledged ourCreditfor publick services,ifweare encouraged we will stand till we are cut oflF,if not orif no Newscomestous (wch we shall con- strue as discouragement,)some ofus are bound to the lower Parts Marylandimme- diately,if not scalptd by the way. "Herewith you have another of our Petitions to the Assembly,all I shall say about it is that the biggest Part of its Signersare Menonists,who live about 15 miles westward ofYork. "Pleas to deliver itto the Assembly,the ^press waits which hastens to me to 284 INDIAN INCURSIONS IN 1755. the only agreeable part of my Letter,to my self &that isthat in Peace or War, Comfort or Distress,Iam,Dr.Sr,with great Esteem, Yr most obedient Hble Servt, GEO.STEVENSON. "York,II o'clock,A.M.Wednesday,5th Novr. Mr.Peters. "Tell Hannan we are all Well. "Indorsed. Geo.Stevenson. NOTE 10. (page 88.) The Abduction and Massacre of the Jemison Family by the Indians. The first settlements on the southwestern portion of York, now Adams County,were made by the Scotch Irish. The father of Mary Jemison was one of these settlers. He settled near Marsh Creek,cleared and cultivated a large farm and resided there ten years.His family consisted of four sons and a daughter.One day in the spring of 1755,they —.r^-:!-^ ABDUCTION BV THE INDIANS. were alarmed by the discharge of a number of guns.William Buck,a neighbor,was killed.Jemison was seized,as also were the mother and two brothers,the sister and neighbors with them. The marauding party consisted of six Indians and four French- men.They were Shawanese Indians.The two older brothers escaped.The captured family suffered under great distress from 286 ABDUCTION OF THE JEMISON FAMII.Y. fatigue and want of food.They were lashed by the Indians,and hurried,or rather dragged to a Fort in Cumberland County,either Fort Conococheage,or Fort Chambers.Eight of the captives were murdered and scalped.Mary Jemison and the little child of Mrs.Buck were spared.After apainful journey ofseven days and a half they reached Fort DuQuesne.Mary Jemison was taken possession of by two Indian squaws and treated as one of the tribe. They were of the Seneca Nation.At first she had a desire to escape whenever she met persons who talked English.When she was fourteen or fifteen years of age,she was married to a Delaware Indian,to whom she became attached,and to whom she bore chil- dren.She said that the labor required of her was not severe.But she had at another time to undergo an exhausting and fatiguing journey of several hundred miles,from the Ohio river to the Gene- see.The Senecas were the allies to the French.The war came to an end in 1760.In the meantime her husband had died.She defended the moral character of the Indians,and evaded opportuni- ties of being released by the whites.In 1763 she married an old Seneca warrior.She was twenty years old and he was fifty-five. He died at the age of one hundred and three.The war of the Revolution again subjected her to hardships.The Six-Nations joined the English.After the Revolution she refused to return to the whites,and was given a large tract ofreserved land.She was known as Dick-e wamis,or the White Woman of the Genesee. NOTE 11. (PAGE 88.) Indian Abductions and Massacre in York County, 1758. ON the 13th of April,1858,a man was killed,and nine persons abducted by the Indians near Archibald Bard's,at the South Mountain,within the then limits of York county.On the 21st of May,one man and five women were taken from the Yellow Breeches.' Richard Bard was of the number abducted.The following is an extract from a thrilling narrative of his captivity,as written by his son,collected from the manuscript of his father: "My father,Richard Bard,lived in York County,now Adams,and owned a mill,now called Marshall's Mill,in what is called Carroll's tract,where,onthe morning of the 13th uf April,1758,hishouse wasinvestedby a party ofnineteen Indians.They were discovered by a little girl,called Hannah M'Bride,who was at the door,and on seeing them,screamed,and ran into the house. "At this time,there was in thehouse,my father and Lieutenant Thomas Potter, (brother ofGeneral Potter)who had come the erening before (beinga fullcousin) together with a child of about six monthsold,and a bound boy.The Indians rushed into the house,andone of them,with a large cutlass in his hand,made a blow at Potter,but he so managed itas towrest the sword fromthe Indian,and returned the blow,which would have put an end tohis existence,had notthe pointstruck the ceiling,which turned the swordsoasto cut the Indian's hand. "In the meantime my father,(Mr.Bard)laidhold ofa horseman's pistol that hungon a nail,and snapped it at the breast of one ofthe Indians,but there being tow in the pan it did notgooff;at this,the Indiansseeing the pistol,ran outof the house. "By this time one of the Indians at the door,shot at Potter,but the ball took him only in his little finger.The doorwas now shut,and secured as well as pos- sible;but finding the Indians to be very numerous,and having no powderand ball,and as the savages might easily burn down the house,by reason of the tliatched roof,and the quantity of mill wood piledat the backof the building, added to ttie declarations of the Indians,that they would notbe put to death,de- termined to surrender;on whicha party ofthe Indianswent to a field,and made prisonersofSamuel Hunter and Daniel McManimy.Aladofthename ofWilliam White,coming to the mill,was also madea prisoner. "At the distance of about seventy rods from the house,contrary to all their promises,they put Thomas Potter to death;and havingproceeded to the moun- 'Loudon's Narrative. INDIAN ABDUCTIONS IN 1758. THE RBWEF ATTACK BY THE SETTLERS.(OIJ print.) tain aboutthreeor fourmiles,one ofthe Indians struck thespearofhis tomahawk intothebreastofthe smallchild,and after repeatedblows scalpedit.After cross- ing the mountain,they passed thehouse of Mr.Halbert T—andseeing him out, shot at him,but without eflFect.Thence passing late in the evening M'Cord's old fort,they encamped about a mile in the gap—the second day having passed into the Path Valley,they discovered a party of white men in pursuitof them;on which they ordered the prisoners to hasten,forshould the whites come up with them,they should be all tomahawked.Having thus hurried,theyreached the top of the Tuscarora mountain,and all had set down to rest,when an Indian, without any previous warning,sunk a tomahawk into the forehead of Samuel Hunter—He Wasscalpedand the Indians proceeded on theirjourney,&c." The Indians were constantly prowling in quest of victims,and while the contiguous counties presented scenes of many murders, the savages occasionally fell,as is their custom,unawares upon the people of this county,as late as 1759;for on the 29th of May, of that year,Mr.Dunwiddie and one Crawford were shot by two Indians in Carroll District,York county.The inhabitants had their fears and hopes constantly excited till the close of the French and Indian war. It might be here remarked,that York county furnished four companies of foot soldiers,in the expedition against Fort Du Quesne in 1758,which was committed to General Forbes,at the head of 8,000 men.The captains from York county were,Robert M'Pherson,Thomas Hamilton,David Hunter;the Lieutenants, Andrew Findlay,James Ewing,Alexander M'Kean,Victor King; the ensigns were William Haddin,Peter Mim,James Armstrong and William M'Dowell.' 'Note 41, NOTE 12. (page Sg,) The Pennsylvania (including York)Tioops in the Battle of Long Island—Miscarriage of Orders Imperilled the American Army. Lieut.Coi,.Chambers'Letter. "From all I can learn,we numberedabouttwenty-five hundred and the attack- ingparty not less than twenty-fivethousand,as they hadbeenlandingdaysbefore. Our men behaved as bravely as e\er rien 1I1I but it issurprisingthat,with the BRITISH CA\AI,R\AT THE BATTLE OF I,ONlj 1SI.AND (flill pnot ) superiorityof numbers,they were not cut topieces.They behaved gallantly,and there are but fiveor six hundred missing. "General Lord Stirling fought like a wolf,and is taken prisoner.Colonels Milesand Atlee,Major Burd,Captain Peebles,Lieutenant Watt,and a great num- ber of other officers also prisoners.Colonel Piper missing.From deserters we learn that the enemy lost Major General Grant and two brigadiers and many others,and five hundred killed.Our loss is chiefly in prisoners. "Itwasthoughtadvisableto retreat ofi'LongIsland,and,on thenightofthe 30th, it was done,with great secrecy.Very few ofthe officers knew ituntil theywere 290 BATTLE OF LONG ISLAND. on theboats,supposing that an attack was intended.Adiscovery ofour intention to the enemy would have been fatal to us.The Pennsylvania were done great honor by being chosen thecorpsde reserve to coverthe retreat.The regiments of Colonel's Hand,Magaw,Shee and Hazlett were detailed forthat purpose.We kept up fires with outposts stationed until allthe rest were over.Weleft thelines after it was fair day,and then came off. "Never was a greater feat of generalshipshown thanin his retreat—tobring off an army of twelve thousand men,within sightofastrong enemy,possessed of as strong a fleetasever floated on our seas,without any loss,and saving all the bag- gage.General Washington saw thelast over himself." General Hand's Account. The following account of the retreat appears among the papers of General Hand : "In the evening of the 29th of August,1776,with severalother commanding officersof corps,I received orderstoattend MajorGeneral Mifflin.Whenassem- bled.General Mifflin informed usthat in consequence of the determination of a boardofgeneral officers,the evacuation of Long Island,where we then were,was to be attempted that night;that the commander-in-chiefhad honored him with the command of the covering party,and that our corps were tobe employed in that service.He then assigned us our several stations,which we were to occupy as soon as it wasdark,and pointedoutBrooklyn Church as analarm posttowhich the whole were to repair,and unitedly oppose theenemy in case they discovered our movements,and made an attackinconsequence.My regiment was posted in a redoubt on theleftand the lineson the right of the great road below Brooklyn Church.Captain Henry Miller (ofYork)commanded in the redoubt.Part of a regiment of the flying camp of the State ofNew York were,in the beginning of the night,posted near me;they showed so much uneasiness in their situation, that I petitioned General Miffiin to suffer them to march off,lest they mightcom- municate the panic with which they were seized,to my people.The General granted my request,and they marched offaccordingly. "After that,nothing remarkable happened at my post till about two o'clock in the morning,when Alexander Scammell,since adjutant general,who that day acted as aid-de-camp to the commander-in-chi«f,came from the left,inquiring for General Miffiin,who happened tobe with meat the time.Scammelltoldhimthat theboats were waiting,and the commander-in-chief anxious for the arrival of the troops at the ferry.General Mifflin said hethought he must be mistaken,that he did not imagine the General could mean the troops he immediately commanded. Scammell replied he was not mistaken,adding that he came from the extreme left,had ordered all the troops he had met to march;thatin consequence they were thenin motion,and that he would go on and give the same orders.General Mifflin then ordered me to call my advancepiquets and sentinels,to collect and form myregiment,and to march assoon as possible,and quittedme. "Having marched into the great road leading to thechurch,I fell in with the troops returning from the left ofthe lines.Having arrivedat the church,I halted to take up my camp equipage,which,in thecourse of the night,I had carried there by a small party.General Mifflin came up at the instant,andasked me the BATTLE OF I.ONG ISIvAND.291 reason of the halt.I told him,and he seemed very much displeased,and ex- claimed:'D—n yourpots and kettles!I wish thedevil had them!March on.'I obeyed but had notgone farbefore I perceived the front had halted,and hastening to inquire the cause,I met the commander-in-chief,who perceived me,andsaid: RETRE.iT OF THE AMERICAN ARMY FROM LONG ISLAND.(Old priot. ) 'Is notthat Colonel Hand?'I answered in the affirmative.His Excellency (Gen- eral Washington,)said he was surprised at me in particular;that he did notex- pect I would have abandoned my post.I answered that I had not abimloned it; that I had marched by order of my immediate commanding officer.He said it was impossible.Itold him I hoped,if I could satisfy him I had orders of General Mifflin,he would not think me particularly to blame.He said he undoulitedly would not.General Mifflinjust then coming up,and asking what the matter was. His Excellency said :'Good God!General Mifflin,I am afraid you have ruined us by so unseasonably withdrawing the troops from the lines.'General Mifflin replied,with some warmth:'I did it by yourorder.'His Excellency declared it could notbe.General Mifflin swore:'By God,I did,'andasked:'Did Scammell act as an aid-de-camp for the day,or didhe not?'His Excellency acknowledged he did.'Then,'said Mifflin,'I had orders through him.'The General replied it was a dreadful mistake,and informed himthat matters were in much confusion at the ferry,and,unless we could resume our posts before the enemy discovered we had left them,in all probability the most disagreeable consequences would follow. We immediatelyreturned,and had the good fortune to recover our formerstations, and keep them for some hours longer,without the enemy perceiving what was goingforward.'" 1 10Pa.Archives,N.S.307. 292 BATTLE OF LONG ISLAND. Col.Michael Swoope's battalion of York county troops suffered severely in this battle and many were taken prisoners.^But eigh- teen of Captain Graeff's company returned to joirv their battalion. Captain Henry Miller,in command of a York county company,for his gallantry,was proposed for promotion by his Colonel,Edward Hand.Captain Philip Albright's company of York riflemen was attached to Col.Samuel Miles'regiment of riflemen.The regi- ment displayed great gallantry,but was overcome by superior force,and surrendered. NOTE 13. (PAGE 95.) Early Southern and Western Emigration. THE long period of distress which followed the Revolution, and continued until after the adoption of the Constitu- tion,had sent the people from this section of Pennsyl- vania to the rich and well-watered Valley of the Shenan- doah,in Virginia.Seven of the eight sons of Philip Caspar EMIGRANT ARK DOWN THK OHIO RIVER.(Old print.) Spengler settled there about 1790.The Swoopes and Diehls,in- termarried with the Spenglers,and hundreds of others populated this forest valley,and by their superior knowledge of agriculture and untiring industry,transformed it into the garden spot of the old Commonwealth.In the late Civil war it was the grainery of the Southern Confederacy. 294 EARI.Y EMIGRATION. Subsequent to 1800,the tide of emigration from this and adjoin- ing counties changed toward the West.In that year the Govern- ment adopted the system of selling land in Ohio on credit,and this,coupled with the return of peace in Europe,and the conse- quent declineof business in the agricultural and commercial States, sent the wave of population into Ohio,which enabled it,1803,to enter the union of the States.Such was the outpour thitherthat, for the moment,it seemed as if Indiana must soon follow Ohio into Statehood. A letter from Robbstown,in Westmorland county,a village lying on the western highway to Pittsburg,announced that in one month,toward the end of 1811,236 wagons,with men,women and children,and 600 Merino sheep,passed through on their way to Ohio.Four of the wagons were attended by sixty persons,but as it was then customary to consider eight as an average in such cases,it is probable that not far from eighteen hundred persons took part in this emigration.The record is confined to one month and to one town.Ohio which in 1810 contained a population of 230,000,was believed to have 400,000 in 1816.Fed,in subse- quent years,by this never ending stream of new-comers,including many Spangler families,the West was almost transformed.Towns grew and villages sprang up with a rapidity,which,even in these days ofrapid and easy communication,would be thought amazing. NOTE 14. (page 114.) York County Troops at the Flying Camp in 1776. IN July,1776,five battalions of militia marched from York County to New Jersey.Out of these five battalions there were formed in about six weeks after their arrival,two bat- talions of the Flying Camp ;those who did notbelong to the camp returned home.The reasonof so many more,than there was occasion for,being called forth from all the counties seems to have been firstly to try the spirit of the people,and secondly to show the enemy the power ofthe nation they warred against. ,As the Flying Camp is closely connected with the honors and the suflTerings of many men in this county,we will briefly state its history.Congress on the 3d of June,1776,"Resolved,that a fly- ing camp be immediately established in the middle colonies,and that it consist of 10,000 men,"to complete which number,it was resolved that the colony of Pennsylvania be required to furnish 6,000 Delaware """"600 Maryland """"3,400 10,000 The militia were to be engaged until the ist of December fol- lowing,that is,about six months.The conference of committees for Pennsylvania,then held at Philadelphia,resolved on the 14th ofJune,that 4,500 of the militia should be embodied,which,with the 1,500 then in the pay of the province,would make 6,000,the quota required by Congress.The same conference on the 25th, recommendedtothe associators of York County tofurnish 400 men. 1Notes 15and34.Glossbrenner'sHUtory. 296 THE FLYING CAMP. Thus York County furnishing 400 The other counties,and Philadelphia city,in all,4,100 Troops under Col.Miles,1,500 Total,6,000 The convention of the State,on the 12th of August,resolved to add four additional battalions to the Flying Camp,York County being required to furnish 515 men towards making out the num- ber of 2,984,the aggregate of the four new battalions.On the same day Col.Geo.Ross,Vice-President of the Convention,Col. Thomas Matlack,of Philadelphia,and Col.Henry Schlegel of York County,were chosen,by ballot,commissioners to go to head- quarters in New Jersey,and form the Flying Camp. The Flying Camp was accordingly soon formed ;it consisted of three brigades.The Brigadier General of the first Brigade was James Ewing,of York County ;his brigade consisted of three bat- talions,the first ofwhich was commanded by Col.Swoope,of York County ;the second by Col.Bull,of Chester County ;and the third by Col.Watts,of Cumberland County,father of the late David Watts,Esq.,of Carlisle.Of the other brigade and battal- ions we are not at present able to speak with much certainty. NOTE 15. (page 114.) Quarter-Master George Lewis Leffler's Unpublished Diary. New Information of Historic Local Interest.The York County Militia at the New Jersey "Flying Camp." SUBJOINED will be found extracts from the Diary (never before published)ofGeorge Lewis LefHer,who was in 1774 and 1775 Secretary'ofthe York Revolutionary "Committee of Safety,"and in 1776,appointed byCol.Michael Swoope, Deputy Quarter-Master of the First Battalion of York County Militia.He died in York,March 16,1813. This Diary supplies very important historic matter not hereto- fore disclosed;—the quantity and character ofthe rations furnished to the Revolutionary heroes;the route of the York county contin- gent to the "Flying Camp;"^the locality of the camp;the general orders issued at the time;the paroles and countersigns;the names of the captains of five of the York county companies. As Mr.Leffler was Quarter-Master only of the First Battalion, he gives the names alone of the captains of the same.He does not furnish the names of the officers in the other York county battalions at the "Flying Camp,"among whom were Captains Michael Hahu and Rudolf Spengler. "memorandum book & pocket calender of the war of ENGLAND THE united THIRTEEN COLONIES PER GEORGE LEWIS LEFLER. 298 GEORGE LEWIS IvEFFLER'S DIARY. MEMORANDUM OF THE RATIONS PER MAN. "8 lbs Soap for looPrivates i week &6 ft)s Candles. Yz Gill Vinegar Yz ft.meal per Man. "1776 The Cities and Towns I Marched through,aretowit,onThursday the I2th dayof July satoff from York Town and on the 13th came to I,ancaster,from there we went to Philadelphia,and arrived save at Phil'a.Barracksthe i6thofthe same Month,from thenceby Water to Trenton,where I got mydischarge ofCol. Jos.Donaldson,and went back to Philadelphia by Water with Captain Clunn where I remained a few days at the House of Michael Immel,when I engaged again being the 26th dayof July (aforesaid)wilh Captains Herbach and Long to keep their Books at sixty shillings per month per Captain besidesa private pay of fifty shillings.I then sat offagain to Trenton,from there through Maidenhead, from there to Princeton College,from there to Kings Town from thence to Bruns- wick Barricks,where a certain Conrad Beck drowned in the River Rarridan,being the second day of August,from thence Isat offtoHead Quarters,PerthAmboy, where I was appointed by Maj.Michael Swoope,asDeputy Quarter-Master,having then received the following orders: "'Head Quarters,Amboy August 6th 1776. "'Parole Bristol,Countersign—Field officers for to Morrow,Maj.Burd. '"The General thinks it necessary to inform the Pennsylvanian A'^sociation that there are a great Number of Troops for the Flying Camp now on their Way to this place,and as soon as a sufficient Number toform said Campshall arrive,the Associators shall immediately be dismissed,and it is hoped no Associators will be so lost to all sence of Honor and Love for his countryas to thinkofreturning home,until thoseTroops shall arrive.'" "'Head Quarters Amboy,August 7th 1776. "'Parole Kingsbridge—Countersign Roxbury,Field officers for to morrow, Maj.Bobst The long roll is to be beat immediately after the revellie,every Morning when the Troops are to turn out to exercise,and the Fatigue Parties to work. "'Mr.CarpenterWharton is appointed by the Corimiissary General toissuepro- visions to the Troops,he will furnish the armyso,as to give no cau-se of Com- plaint,that this Business may be carried on,with the Necessary Regulatory. "'It is again Ordered,that the Quarter Master with the Quarter Master's.Ser- geant and Camp Colour men,by Returns,signed by Commanding Officer ofhis Corps is to draw Provisions,and that no otherofficer or soldieristointerfere,so as to interrupt,the Commissary in the Execution of his office. "'It is recommended to the Commanding Officer of the Regimentstodraw rations of Flour and to contract with Bakers or have it Baked upby the Men of their own Battalions.Mr.Ludowick from a desire to serve the Army has offered his service and will undertake to bake for any Corpsthat may choose to employ him forwhich purpose a sufficient number of ovens will be fitted up by Saturday next. '"No Non-Commissioned Officer or Soldier is to go one Mile from Camp or Quarters without leave,ofabsence,in writing from the Adjutant General.'" GEORGE LEWIS LEFFLER'S DIARY.299 DETAIL OF GUARDS AND FATIGUE PARTY. "Swope I Subaltern] xSaTefj RevellieBeati: For Fatigueto Paradeat Head Quarters Elizabeth Town August lo,1776. "Parole—Lancaster,Countersign Charleston. no orders nth do. "Parole—Williamsburg,Countersign,Boston no orders Eliz'th Town 12th,1776 "Parole—Washington,Countersign Putuian Eliz'th Town 14th 1776 Parole—Pennsylvania,Countersign Philadelphia no orders were given forthe Day. "Maj.Swoope with 6 Companies marched from here being the partof the ist Battalion of York County Militia that we were to be attacked to Nightor to Mor- row Morning Early, People in great Confusion." RATIONS. "A Pound ofBeefeach man per day Three pence three farthingseach man perday in Cash Ajillof Vinegar each man per Week A pintofIndian Meal orhalfa pint of Wheat Meal per Man per Week. "If the privates of any Company chuse to take a pound and a Quarterof Bread each Man per Day,then each man is to receive only Soap and Candles as Custo- mary. "Price upon Presentation to the Commissary General on hisappointment, — "General orders in acc't bythemselves Militia accounts by themselves,and to be transmitted,to the Commissary General once a month,all Captains who have not joined Regimentstheir accountstobe kept seperately. New York,July 29,1776. "I do hereby Certifythat the Established Rationsas Mentioned (on theupper partofbegining)is for the Government of IMr.Ogden appointed,Deputy Commis- sary at New Jersey,in BehalfJoseph Trumble Esq'rGeneral WILLIAM HUSKENS a copy RobertOgdenJu'r Copied per Geo.LewisLefler,D.2.M. "A Provision Return for five Companies of Col.James Smith's first Battalion of York County Militia (forone day)now at Elizabeth Town East NewJersey.Au- gust 1776.Captains Dritt Capt.George Diehl Capt.Wright Capt Yost Herbach Capt.George Long,Michael Swoope Major,(alias)Colonel.Staff and Field offi- cers 10,Rank &file 335. 300 GEORGE I.EWIS LEFFLER'S DIARY. Head Quarters Elizabeth TownAugust 15,1776 Field officers for Tomorrow "Major Morgan Parole,Greene,Countersign Pence.General Mercer having or- dered the Jersey Troops near Cranes Ferrytomarch to Bergen in Consequence of intelligence from General Washington,received sincethe orders of Yesterday the guardsat Trembly's Point isnow to be relievedby Detachment from Philadelphia, Lancasterand York Militia.(They were at Newark,August 21st.) "Rec'd Aug.29 1776 of Geo.Lewis LefflerQuarter Master,five pounds &four pence Pennsylvania Currencyin full for 133 rationsdue my Companythisday for rations retained £5 o 4.RUDOLF SPENGLER, Captain." NOTE 16. (page 114.) Col.Michael Swoope at the Surrender of Fort Washington. "Mount Washington, 15 March 1776. "DearGeneral, — "A flag of truce came outjust now from King's Bridge.TheAdjutant General was at the head of it.I sent down Col.Swoope.The Adjutant General would hardly give two hours for an alternative between surrendering at discretion,or every man being put to the sword.He waits for an answer.I shall sendhim a proper one.You'll,I dare say,do what is best.We aredeterminedtodefend the post or die.ROB'T MAGAW, COLONEL CONIG. To General Greene." BATTLE OF FORT WASHINGTON.(Oldpiiut.) 302 COIv.SWOOPE AT FORT WASHINGTON. 15 November 1776. 'Sir, "IfI rightly understandthe purport of yourmessage from Gen.Howe,commu- nicated to Col.Swoope,thispost is to be immediately surrendered or thegarrison put to thesword.I rather think it a mistake than a settled resolution in Gen. Howe to actapart so unworthy ofhimselfandthe British nation. "But give me leave to assure his Excellency that,actuatedby themost glorious cause of mankind ever fought in,I am determined to defend this posttothevery last extremity.ROB'T MAGAW. Tothe Adjutant General ofthe BritishArmy." "List of Pennsylvania officers who were upon York Island when theengage- mentbegannear Mount Washington : SwooPE's Battalion. "Col.Swoope. "Captains :Smycer,Trett (Dritt)McDonald,Stake. "Lieutenants—Shugart,Robeson,Patton,Clayton,Holsinger,I -Barnet,(Barnitz)Myers,How,Doctor,FuUerton.'" RETREAT OF THE AMERICAN ARMYTHROUGH NEW JERSEY.(01(1 pfiDt.) For a full biographical sketch of Ensign Jacob Barnitz,who was severely wonnded at the action of Mount Washington,see York Daily of December i and 27,1895. Peter Force's All ,5Series,Vol.3,pages700-730. NOTE 17. (PAGE 115.) Commodities in York in 1779. Iron,$3750.00 per ton.Sugar,$6.75 per pound. Wlieat,$30.00. Their Price Regulated by York Committees.Energetic Language by the Patriots.Depreciation of the Continental Currency. ON the shelves of the New York Historical Society,is the only printed copy extant of a pamphlet,issued by the inhabitants of York,which exhibits the embarrassments and financial tribulations during the Revolution.It is therefore copied entire.It was printed in 1779 at Lancaster,be- CONTINENTAI.BII,!^. cause there was then no press west of the Susquehanna,the press (Hall &Sellers')which accompanied Congress,having left York- town with that body the preceding year. 804 COMMODITIES IN YORK IN 1779. The money power of England had been exercised,through the Tories resident in the colonies,to depreciate the value of Conti- nental money,to enhance prices and to embarrass and break the independent spirits of the patriots.This will account for the en- ergetic action and strong language embodied in these resolutions and addresses: York,iStliJune,1779. "A meeting of the inhabitants of this town,being formerly calledto consider ofprudent and effectual measuresfor puttingastop forestalling extortion,and the depreciation ofthe Continental currency,it was agreedthat a committee should be appointed to draw up resolves for that purpose,and transmit thesame to the sev- eral battalions of this county for their concurrence,and the deputies fromsaid battalions,properly authorized and instructed,should be appointed to meet with the said committee of the town,to consider of propermeasures forthe carrying thesame into execution. "At a meeting of the committeeofYorktown andthe deputiesfromthe Second, Sixth and Eiglith battalions ofthemilitia ofYork County,present as follows: For Yorktown. Henry Miller,John Hay,Wm.Alexander,Robert Galbreath,Wooleree Meng, Christopher Lauman,Peter Mondurf,Robert Henry,DavidJameson,Wm.Scott, Archibald M'Clean. For thb Second Battauon. Thomas Gouldand James Sharp. For the Fifth Battalion. Col.Joseph Jetferies and CaptainJohn Erman. For the Sixth Battalion. ColonelWm.Ross,Captain Joseph Reed,Joseph Reed,(Ferryman,)Wm.Gem- ble,Andrew Thompson,John Thompson and Nicholas Strehr. For the Eighth Battalion. Major John Clark,JohnHenderson,JohnHinckle,Andrew Schriberand Jacob Rudisel. "Archibald M'Clean voted Chairman forthepresent meeting. "Theresolves ofthe townmeeting of Philadelphiawereread,and we concurwith them in opinion. "That the prices of goods and provisions have,within the space offive or six monthslast past,arisen to an enormous liigbt,far beyond whatthey ought to be, in proportion to thequantity ofthe money orthe circumstances ofthe times. "ist.Resolved,That the public have a right to inquire into the causesofsuch extraordinary abuses,and prevent them;that theprices of all goods and neces- saries of life,in the last month,without any real or apparent cause,have arisen very considerably,and it is our resolution not to be eaten upby monopolizers and forestallers;therefore, "adly.Resolved,That we unconditionallyinsistanddemand that the advance or monopolized prices of the mouth last past,and of this month,be instantly taken COMMODITIES IN YORK IN 1779.305 off,and thatthe prices ofthose articles bereduced to whatthey were the first day ofMay last. "3dly.Resolved,That a committee of three or more reputablepersons from each battalionbe appointed (wherethe same is not already done,)who shall meet together at York Town on the aSth day the instant,June,to ascertainthe retail prices ofall goodsand necessaries oflife as they stood on the first dayof May last, and to publish thesame for the government ofbuyer and seller,and toreceive in writing all complaints against such dealers as may refuse to comply with or ob- struct the execution of this regulation,and report the same to the nextdistrict meeting. "4hly.Resolved,That we will support the committee in the executionoftheir duty,encourage fair and honest commerce,and suppress to the utmost of our power,and at the hazardof our lives,engrossing,monopolizing,forestalling and depreciation. ''shly.Resolved,That it is to the interest of townand country to concur in measures for the mutual relief of both;that the proceedingsofthis committee be transcribed and sent to the several districtsofthiscountyfor their consideration and their assistance therein. "6hly.Resolved,Thatthis meetingwillsupportthe laws of thisCommonwealth, and aid the civil magistrates and oflicers in theexecution thereof,and theassist- ance ofthe several districts of this county is requested for this purpose. "7thly.Resolved,That no goods,or anyofthe necessaries of life beremoved for sale into anydistrict,county or state thatdoes not enter int these orsimilarreso- lutions,and that the committee be authorized to seize anygoods or provisionsso removed,orattempted to beremoved,except they be forsupplying the army. "8thly.Resolved,Unanimously,That our representatives in General Assembly be instructed to use their endeavors toprocure a lawat next sitting,founded on justice and sound policy,for preventing in future the sale of foreigu goods and commodities through a number of hands,each ofwhom,by laying a large profit thereon,hath a tendencj'togreatl)'enhance the prices;and that they further be instructed to limit the same into only one purchaser,from the importer to the retailer. "Signed by orderofthe meeting. "ARCHIBALD M'CLEAN,Chairman." "July 26,1779. "It having been suggested that the committee for the townof York had been elected only for the purpose of corresponding with the otherbattalions of this county,and forming committees throughout thesame,and reporting theirsense respecting the proposed regulation of prices,and that when the same wasdone their power ceased,and that anothercommitteeshould be elected,in order to fix and ascertain the real prices of all goods and commodities withinthesame;where- upon,after due notice for that purpose wasgiven,a respectable numberof the in- liabitants of the towu and district met at the Court House and resolved as fol- lows,viz: "1st.Resolved,That a committee,consistingof thirteen persons,be chosenby ballot,to represent thistown,thesaid committee to continue until the end of the next sitting of the General Assembly,or until effectual measures shall be taken by that body for preventing forestalling,extortion and depreciation. 306 COMMODITIES IN YORK IN 1779. "2dly.Resolved,Thatthe saidcommittee,or a majority ofthem,do conferwith the deputies from the other parts of the county and if it shall appear to be the sense of the majority of the town andcountythat prudent regulations oftrade,as well as ofarticlesimported as oftheproduce of the country,be entered into,then that the saidcommittee shall agreethereto,and thatthey be empowered to carry the same into execution. "The ballots being taken,the following persons werechosen ofthe committee, viz:David Jameson and William Scott,Esqs.,Christopher Lauman,Colonel Henry Miller and John Hay,Archibald McClean,Esq.,Dr.Peter Mundorf,\Vm. Alexander,GeorgeGump,Robert Galbreath,Esq.,Dr.Robert Henry,John Heck- endorn andJoseph Welshanutz." "June 28th,1779. "At a meeting of the committee of Yorktown andthedeputies from the several battalions ofthis County,agreeabletoa formerresolve,present (thecommitteeof theTown above named) : "1stbattalion had not received notice. James Sharp. John M'Kissock and Jacob Beaver. James Dickson and John M'Clure. AquilaWiley,Michael Geiselmanand Jacob Kauffelt. AndrewThompson,William Smyley andJoseph Reed,Esq. James Russell and Moses M'Clean. NicholasBedinger,Wm.Guyon and John Clark,Jun. il'Clean,Esq.,unanimously chosen Chairman. ;s of the preceding meetingswereagain read,and agreedto by all present,excepting by the deputies of the Sixthbattalion. "After which it was resolved as follows,viz: "ist.Resolved,Unanimously,That we will endeavor by all prudent and just methods to investigate the conduct ofall persons amongst us,who are trusted with public money and public property,andifany missapplicationorpeculation thereof appears,will report the same,with the proofs thereof,to thejustices,that aspeedy stop may be put to such nefarious practices,and the delinquentsbrought to con- dign and exemplary punishment. "2dly.Resolved,Unanimously,That it be recommended to the inhabitantsof this County thatthey,as soon as possible,put into the loanofficeas much of their moneyasthey can spareon loan,and those who have already lodged moneyin the office to be exchanged willitis hoped,leave the greaterpartofthe samethere,and take certificates on interest."' "3rdly.Resolved,Unanimously,That our representatives in the General Assem- bly be instructed touse their utmostendeavorsto proeure a lawto tax all moneys, except such as are paidinto the loan office,and also a law to lay a double taxon all disafifected persons who have not taken the oath of allegianceand fidelity to this State,as prescribed by law,and therelaxation of the law with respect to per- sons ofthat character beinggenerally complained of." June 29,1779, "The sub committee,unto which was committed the ascertainingthe retail prices,&c.,reportedasfolloweth,viz : — 1Thiswas aloanfor thesupportofthe government andthe army. 2nd COMMODITIES IN YORK IN 1779.307 Bar iron at 7s.6d.per lb and .^750 per ton. Bestcalfskin at $25 each,and in proportion for such as are ofinferior quality. Kip skin at 42s.6d.per lb. Sole leather,27s.6d.perlb. Harness leather,32s.6d.per lb. Upper leather,37s.6d.per lb. Saddlers and shoemakerstolower their prices in proportion to the leather. Sugar,from 22s.6d.to 27s.per lb.,accordingtoquality. Coffee at 21 s.3d.per lb. Wheat per bushel,£(>. Rye per bushel £^. Indian Corn per bushel,£\los. Oats per bushel,£2 los. Speltz per bushel,£2 los. Rye Liquor per gallon,^3 15s. Reapers and Mowers an halfbushel ofWheat,or value thereofper day. "4thly.Resolved,unanimously.That the said prices,before the present be agreed to and published,together with an address to the good people of this County. "TO THE FRIENDS OF LIBERTY IN THE COUNTY OF YORK. "Gentlemen:—Needwe remind our fellow citizens that the inhabitantsof this County took a very early and decisive part in the cause ofliberty andtheir coim- try,at a time when the coasts of the Continentwere overspread with formidable natives,and our cities and fields encompassed with numerous armies,all benton our destruction ;at a time when we were almost without arms,without ammuni- tion,and without an ally,and in wantof almost every necessary for carryingon a war ;at the time when the gloomy tyrant,with his infernalCouncil,were atpeace with all the European powers,and actually possessed ofan armyof fifty thousand armed and disciplinedruffians,nursed and educated in the trades of murder,rob- bery,rape and assassination,carrying fire anddesolation throughout almostevery part of the Continent,openly aided by their copper faced allies (the savages)and more privately by the tories and parracides amongst us. "In a contest unequal it was the good pleasure of Providence to inspireour troops with bravery and resolution in their various conflicts against so formidable a foe.A handful of Americans repulsed anddisgraced a part of their fleet before Fort Moultrie,Trenton,Princeton and Saratoga,will longperpetuate the disgrace of the British and the Hessian arms.One of the first princes in Europe has acknowledged our independence,and enteredinto an alliance of perfect equality. Those haughty lords of thesea,who impiously presumed to claim omnipotence on that element,have been blasted in America and disgraced in Europe.Those boasted conquerors were compelled to evacuate Philadelphia,and by a mid-night flight saved themselves from utter ruinatMonmouth. "Yet,while the virtuous and thebravehavebeen sacrificing life and fortune to procure the blessingsof liberty to theircountrymen and posterity,a setof extor- tioners,forestallers,engrossers and depredators of our currency,like swarmsof locustsfromthe bottomlesspit,threatened to obscure our political horizon and eat up every plant of liberty.Some for thelove of money (theroot ofall evil),and others from motives still more detestable to freemen,have combined tocreate an 308 COMMODITIES IN YORK IN 1779. artificial famine in the midst of plenty,and to depreciate our currency so as toren- deritunfitfora medium oftrade,and,in short,to enhanceall thenecessaries and conveniences of lifetoamost enormousextreme. "In the metropolis and in many of the counties in this State,they have chosen committees to consider of ways and meanstoprevent the increaseof theevils so severely feltand toalleviate the symptoms,until the Legislative body,in conjunc- tion with the otherStates,shall apply a radical cure, "A very great majority of the friends of liberty in York county have cometo sundry resolutions for the purpose of restoringcredittoour money,andtoencour- age fair trade and dealing,and prevent the evilsof engrossing,monopolizing and depreciation.And I amdirected bythe authority of the committee for ascertain- ing the retail prices of all goodsand necessaries of life,to publish the following prices and rates for the information of buyer and seller;and in case anyperson shallpresume to contravene the sense of thepublic herein,they mustexpect to be treated as inimical to the liberties of America,and held uptothe public in that light,and otherwise dealt with according to the utmost rigor of thelaw.(See prices before inserted. ) "It is expected that all other goods not edumerated vrill besold as they were onthe firstday ofMaylast,and that all tradesmen will promotethe design of the committeebylowering their prices ;and alsoitis recommended tothe inhabitants of thiscountytopurchase no more than they want for immediateuse,as a second regulation will be entered intovery soon,it having alreadytaken place in Phila- delphia. "Signedbyorder and in behalfofthe committee. ARCHIBALD M'CLEAN,Chairman." "Monday,July 12,1779. "In committee.Resolved,That two of the members for the towndositat the Court House every afternoon,from six untilseveno'clock,in rotation,agreeable to theorder of thelast election,in order to receive complaintsmade againstdelin- quents from time to time,and when the case requireth,report thesametothe Chairman,that,if necessary,the whole committee may be called.A true copy from the minutes.ARCHIBALD M'CLEAN,Chairman." The DEPRECIATION OP THE Continental Money. The brisk circulation in the beginning of the Revolution of a large quantity of paper money,had caused both activity and deci- sion.Every fear of a happy determination of the contest was,by these means banished,and every past misfortune unlamented.But the failure of each succeeding scheme of co-operation with the French,produced despondency among the troops,the depreciation of the paper money,stagnation of the pursuits of Commerce ;and it was,for a time,doubtful,whether the Americans were to be in- dependent citizens or conquered subjects. The depreciation of the Continental money continued,despite COMMODITIES IN YORK IN 1779.309 the patriotic protestsand schemes of thecitizens of York and other places.It began at different periods in the diflferent states ;but in general about themiddle of 1777,two years after its first appear- ance.Towards the end of that year,the depreciation was about two or three for one.In 1778 it increased to six,and in the fol- lowing year to twenty-eight for one dollar.In 1780,when it amounted to two hundred millions,to fifty or sixty for one dollar ; after which period its circulation was only partial.But where it did pass,it soon fell to one hundred and fifty for one.In 1780, the officers of the Jersey line addressed a memorial to the State legislature,complaining that four month's pay of a private could not procure for his family a single bushel of wheat,and that the pay of colonel would not purchase oats for his horse. In a few places,the paper money continued in circulation for the first four or five months of 1781 ;but at this time many would not take it at any price ;and they who did,received at the rate of several hundreds for one.Besides that immense sum,the paper bills of the individual States amounted to many millions,which added still further to its depreciation,and it soon ceased to have currency. Towards the latter part of 1781,a large amount of gold and sil- ver was introduced by a beneficial trade with the Spanish West India Islands ;and the King of France lent the United States sev- eral millions of livres,besides pledging his security for a large sum borrowed for their use in Holland.A regular system of finance also was adopted under the direction of Robert Morris,and the Bank of North America of Philadelphia was eminently useful in furnishing the sinews of war.The issuing of paper under the au- thority ofthegovernment was discontinued,and the public engage- ments were made payable in coin.Two hundred millions of Con- tinental paper dollars were made redeemable by five millions of silver ;a measure submitted to without any trouble,as the paper money had now gone to a great extent into the hands of specu- lators. NOTE 18. (PAGE 115.) New York Prison Ship Martyrs. Where Some of the York Prisoners Were Confined.* THE Prison Ships in New York Harbor,during the Revo- lution,were vessels that brought the British soldiers to New York.They lay first in Gravesend Bay,and there received some of the prisoners taken in the battles of Long Island and Fort Washington.Afterward they were an- chored in North and East Rivers,and eventually the station for most of them was in the Wallabout,moored a few rods from the shore.Among the well known vessels were the Good Hope,the Witby,the Falmouth,and above all,the famous Jersey.Origin- ally a 64-gun ship,she was dismantled in 1776 as unfitfor service, and used as a storeship,until the Good Hope was burned,when she took the place of the latter as a prison ship.After the war she was allowed to decay,and sank,but her ribs were visible at low tide for a score of years.They are now covered by the Navy Yard. Thousands of American prisoners were confined in the North Dutch and Middle Dutch churches of New York,and in the large sugar houses of Rheinlander,Van Cortlandt,and Livingston,and in the provost jail.Their sufferings from lack of air,from neg- lect,and from ill treatment were great,and hundreds died ;but the terrible mortality in the ships,and above all in the Jersey,has given them a name for horrors that has continued to this day. Almost inconceivable as is the statement,in view of the whole number of the prisoners,and also of the various places used for their confinement,largely,as has been said,on land,it is never- theless believed that in the course of the war more than 11,000 American prisoners perished in these fearful hulks.They were 'Ante.p.114,Notes 12,16,19,34. THE BRITISH PRISON SHIP "JERSEY." IN WHICH MANY YORK PRISONERS WERE CONFINED 1776—1781 YORK COUNTY PRISONERS IN NEW YORK.311 provided,it is ti'ue,with three hospital ships,which lay near the Jersey,and the sick were removed to them,while the prisoners could spend a part of the day on deck,where their bedding was aired.But at sunset,at the cry of "Down,Rebels,down,"they had to go below,where perhaps a thousand might lie in rows,in foul air and perhaps stifling heat.Thus,with fevers and other diseases,the lack of cleanliness,and often bad and scanty food,and want of proper clothing,the wretched captives lan- guished and died in great numbers.As some prisoners succeeded in escaping from the prison ships,the result was that only a few were allowed on deck at a time,and other restrictions were im- posed,so that the confinement becama most severe.Day after day the dead were taken out in boats,and buried on the beach in shallow excavations,so that afterward,under the action of the wind and waves,bones were uncovered and lay whitening in the sun.At length in iSo8,many hogsheads of these bones were collected and placed in a common sepulchre.About thirty years ago a fine monument was raised in the Trinity churchyard to the memory of all the victims ofthe prison pens in New York. Pennsylvania Troops in the Prison Pens and Ships in New York.Their Privations and Sufferings.' "Depositions Relative to the Conduct and Behaviour of the British Army. "Samuel Young being solemnly sworn and interrogate;That he was taken prisonerat Fort Washington by the English Army on Saturday the....day of.... ; that he was carried a few miles with the other prisoners that night,and keptin some outhouse till Monday,when they came to New York,and where theywere confined,he and others to the number of five hundred,in a stable,and thatall this while they had no victuals given them of any kind till the Monday night; that theirenemies then threw into,in a confused manner,as ifto so many hogs,a quantity of old biscuit,broken and in crumbs,mostly molded,and some ofit crawling with maggots,which they were obliged to scramble for without any di- vision;that the next day theykad alittle pork given to each ofthem,which they were obliged to eat raw,and afterwardsthey gotsometimesabitofpork,and at other times peas,biscuit and rice. Being confined two weeks in a church in New York,that afterwards theywere carried on board aship,where about five hundred were confined below deck;that during their confinement the)'suffered greatlywith cold,not being allowed an)' fire;that they all along were treated withthe greatest indignity and insulted by soldiers,by the inhabitants of New York,by numbers of women,and even by ipeterForce'sAmerican Archives,5 series,Vol.3,page 1234. 312 YORK COUNTY PRISONERS IN NEW YORK. negroes;thatgreat numbersdied in this confinement,sometimesthree,sometimes four or more every day,and oneday nine died. That they tlieniselves arein a frailstateofhealth,occasionedby thisbarbarous usage;and many of them who were released died upon the road beforethey reached home." Sworn beforeus 1 December 15,1776. ROBERT SMITH,r JAMES PROUDFOOT, |Ministers,j SAMUEL YOUNG, WILLIAM HOUSTON. NOTE 19. (PAGE 115.) The Revolutionary Dead in the New York Trinity Churchyard. A Noble Appeal of J.Barnitz Bacon Formerly of York. From the People's Advocate (York)February21,18^4: "The project of openinga new street through the cemetery attached to Trinity Church,New York,and the consequent disturbance ofthe dead,has sent a shud- der through the entire country.All are interested inpreservingthe gravesofkin- dred and friends inviolate.The following appeal to the Common Council of New York City,was published inthe New YorkHerald,and was written byJacob B. Bacon,Esq.,asonofthe late Rev.Samuel Bacon,of this place,and a grandson of the lateJacob Barnitz,Esq.Itpossesses considerablelocal interest,andisworthy ofperusal : 'To the Honorable,the Common Council 0/the CityofNew York : The undersigned respectfully joins in the prayer ofmany ofhis fellow-citizens toyour honorable body,asking forthe repealofthe ordinanceofthe late Common Council relative to the extensionofAlbany Street throughTrinity Churchyard. In supportofhisposition,the undersigned begs leave to present the following facts connected with our Revolutionary history : Among the earliestofthe patriotic spirits who marched from their homes to de- fend the City of New York against the armies ofGreat Britain in 1776,werethe regiments contributed by the counties of York and Lancaster,in Pennsylvania. They were composed entirelyofyoung men,the majority of them ofGerman des- cent,and animated by that hatred of oppression and enthusiasm in the cause of freedom,which distinguish their race at thepresent day. Five regiments marched from the county ofYork to New Jersey,in July,1776, and of these,two were detached to form part of the 'flying camp '—a corpsof 10,000 men,voted by Congress on June 3,1776.These two regiments were sta- tioned in the vicinity ofthe city of NewYork.Aportion ofthem were killed or taken prisoners at the battle of Brooklyn Heights,and the balance eitherfell on thefield of battle at the taking of FortWashington,on the 16thof November,1776, or were captured on that disastrous occasion,and marched down tothe city.Here they,in common with thousands oftheir fellow-patriots,suffered unheardofcruel- ties in the prisons and sugar houses of NewYork. The regiment of Col.Michael Swoope,consisting of eight companies,suffered severely at Fort Washington.Death on thefield or by wounds,orfromhorrors oftheprisons,leftbut few to return to the green hills ofthe Codorus. 314 REVOLUTIONARY DEAD IN NEW YORK. and Adjutant Bamita ofthis regiment,then but eighteen years old,fell at Fort Washington,with a musket ball in each leg.Being carried to the city prisons with the survivors of his regiment,he was soon afterwardsremoved to comfortable quarters in the old house formerly standing at No.9 Bowery,in con- sequence of the severity of his wounds,and at the intercession ofan old family friend—Major General William Alexander,Lord Stirling,who was then also a prisoner,having been shortly before captured on Long Island.Adjutant Barnitz here lay with unhealed wounds for fifteen months;but duringthat time he was not insensible to the still greater sufferings ofhis companions in arms,and with the help of the noble-hearted officer just mentioned,he was enabled to alleviate their captivity and to care for their remains when dead. Being generallyof the Lutheran faith,the graveyard ofthat denomination,ad- joining the Trinity Church (subsequently the site ofGrace Church)would have been their appropriate burj'ing place,but the churchhad been destroyed in the conflagration which occurred shortly after theoccupation ofthe city by the Brit- ish army,and the burial ground wasunprotected. A successful effort was therefore made toobtain a placeofsepulture in Trinity Churchyard.Adjutant Barnitz was attached to Captain Christian Stake's Com- pany,of Swoope's Regiment,composed of young men of thebest families of the town ofYork.To these more particularly,as beinghismore immediatecomrades, such care as he could afford was given. Of this company the following were buried in the north-western portion ofthe grounds,at thattime borderingon the water,viz:—Sergeant Peter Haak,Sergeant Jno.Hicks;Privates,Hugh Dobbins,Henry Hoff,David Parker,and probably one or two others.Capt.M'Carter,(of ColonelRichard M'Alister's Regiment, from the same county)diedofwounds received at Fort Washington,and wasalso buried atTrinity graveyard. It may be propertostatethat these facts arederived partly from the Historyof the County of York,by A.J.Glossbrenner,Esq.,(now Sergeant-at-Armsofthe House of Representatives of the United States)and partly from the papers and reminiscences of the old veterans who,in the winter,were wont to relate the stories of their battles,and each 'to shoulder his staflFandshow how fieldswere won.' To the soldier,the last resting place ofhis comrade is consecrated bythemem- ory of the trials,the conflicts,the sacrifices,and the sufferings which they have, shoulder to shoulder,encountered.He feels that his honor restsb\'that mound ofearth,and mustguard it from violation while life shall last.He bequeaths its care to his countrymen,as a place of sacred memories,and never fora moment dreams that future years may bring spoilers ofthe tomb,whowill forgettheir duty tothe blood which cemented the foundations of the republic. The Mexican warwas prolific in instances where those who fell were exhumed by committees sentby their surviving comrades,and received a soldier's burial at home. Permit meto relate a fact in this connection : At the call for volunteers for the Mexican war,William Enrich marched with his company from the town of York,andjoined thePennsylvania regiment.In the battle which occurred before the walls of Puebla,Enrich,with others ofhis company,having charged close up to the Mexicanlines,saw his friend and com- rade shotdead by his side.A superior forcecompelledthem to retreat,but Enrich REVOLUTIONARY DEAD IN NEW YORK.315 paused,and shouldering his friend's body was bearingit oflftoaplaceofsafe sepul- ture,when a ball struck him,and the brave fellow sank in death by the body of his much loved friend.Enrichwas a grandson ofMichael Eurich,one ofthe cap- tured soldiers of Fort Washington. Shall the stern heartand rough nature ofa soldierbeatwith so hallowed a feel- ing,and shall the citizen,the merchant,and the legislatorrepudiate it? Shall it be said that the city ofNew York desecrates the gravesof her defenders, and,at the biddingofthe moneygod,scattertothe windsthe ashes ofthe soldiers ofliberty? These patriot soldiers who now repose in the churchyard ofTrinity,died far from friends and home.They laid down theirlives in theiryouth.They left no sonsto speak for them.Their silent dust cannotplead to you for rest. It therefore becomes my duty and privilege to address you. I was born where they were born.Theirfriends were my friends,andmy early days were familiar with the green hills which they last looked upon whenthey marched todefend your city. My earnest petition to the Common Council of theCityofNew York is,thatthe remains of those martyrs of our independence may be leftinpeace inthe graves where their comradeslaid them. Respectfully,J.BarniTZ B.\con. No.157 Broadway,Feb.6,1854.'" NOTE 20. (PAGE 115.) Letter from a Descendant of Col.Michael Swoope. "Charwon Heights,Prince GeorgeCounty,Md. "E.W.Spangler,Esq. "I findyourletter in my portfolioamong the unanswered ones,for which I beg pardon.Iam a great-granddaughter of Col.Michael and Eva Swoope.A pewter plate in my possession,likeone of the Mayflower plates,has 'Eva Swoope,'en- graved onit.You ask a greatdeal ofme for allof their descendants,for they are a multitude.I will give you enough,but not all.My grandfather,the Hon. Jacob Swoope,represented Augusta County,Virginia,inCongress,Augusta County atthat time embraced a very large extent ofterritory.He was a remarkably fine- lookingman,amost successful one in accumulated wealth,and possessed the con- fidence of intelligent and prosperous people he lived among.He emancipated his slaves at his death and providingfor them,and sending them to Ohio,where they became well off,and educated.He married Mary McDowell,a sisterof Dr.Lay- bron,ofthe old Presbyterian Church,then onLafayette street.A brother of his, Dr.Swoope,was a surgeon in the United States Navy.A sister,Mrs.Thompson, of Providence,Rhode Island,had a daughter or granddaughter who married Prof. Angel.Col.Swope,from Kentucky,who was in Congresssome years ago,was a cousin,whose daughter married Judge Lawrence,of St,Louis,Mo.My oldest brother.Dr.Swoope,ofVirginia,myyoungestbrother,BoilingSwoope,of Florida, are mostinfluential men ofwealth andusefulness. "Now I come down tomyself.I amthe widowof the late Gen.Edward P.Car- rington,late U.S.Attorney,for the Districtof Columbia,who was appointed by President Lincoln,and served ten years most eminently,and successfully.He raised the first volunteer company forMexico,and the first volunteer company for the defence of the Capital in the late war.My twosonswere men of talent and wealth ;Edward C.Carrington,Baltimore,Md.,with two promising sons,Edward Jr.,and Campbell,all lawyers.Myyoungestson,Campbell Carrington,is a most successful lawyer in Washington,D.C. "This little bit of history I now write,may make your book sell well,with a picture ofthe oldColonial house I occupy,which Louis Kossuth,the exiled patriot, occupied when he was in this country.He madeavisithere and slept in a room which is placarded as a fact—a Hungarian family then occupied the house,and theywereall friends whenboys. "By my mother's side of the house,I am great-niece of Gen.Andrew Lewis, whose statue is among the bronzegroupe in Richmond Va.,andam also agrand- niece ofGen.Richard Montgomery,who fell atQuebec,in 1775,andwho was mar- ried to Miss Livingston,ofNew York. "Respectfully Yours, "Marie a.Carrington." AN OLD VIRGINIA MILL. IvETTER FROM MRS.CARRINGTON.317 In "A Memorial discourse on the life,character and services of Gen.Edward C.Carrington,delivered at the First Presbyterian Church,ofWashington,D.C,by the pastor.Rev.Dr.Byron Sun- derland,June 5,1892,"occurs the following: "Nor less happy was lie in the union of his married lifewith herwhotnoums him today in the tokensof fresh widowhood,and who traces her family relation- shipthrough the Swoopes,the Trents and theLewisesofRevolutionary fame." NOTE 21. (page ii8.) The Pennsylvania Germans. Compared withtheir Defamers.Their Perrsecutions and Early Trials.Contemptuous Treatment by their English Neighbors.Their Dialect,and THEIR Glorious Record in the Wars OF THE Nation. Devastation of the Fatherland. THE celebrated Edict of Nantes granted by Henry IV—the edict of pacification which secured to the Protestants the free exercise of their religious rights and privileges,—was suppressed in 1685 by a decree which inundated France with blood and tears.Following the revocation,the French troops under Turenne broke in upon the Palatinate on the Rhine,and quartered upon it,while the Superintendents sent by I/Uvois were burning and plundering the country,crushed as it was under war contributions.The attendant devastation was but the stern prelude to bloody and relentless persecutions.To escape the continuation of these dreadful sufferings,Germans and other Protestants emigrated to the English Colonies in America. The Germans sailed chiefly from the seaport of Rotterdam,and after a long and tiresome voyage of the period,arrived in the Province of Penn.' For many years they were repressed by a hostile legislature,and their English-speaking neighbors denied them naturalization and the elective franchise,although they taxed them forty shillings each from the moment of their landing.Therefore,they could not at the outset,in the nature of things,supply their adopted 'Page16. PENNSYLVANIA GERMANS.319 country with either political or military leaders.But not many years elapsed before they assumed the stations of honor and dis- tinction to which by merit they were entitled.The English col- onists regarded them as their inferiors,often subjecting them to the "insolence of office,and the proud man's contumely."The testy and querulous John Adams,as late as 1777,designated them in politics as "a breed ofmongrels or neutrals and benumbed with a general torpor'"—an accusation of contemptible passivity,intel- lectual immobility and patriotic torpor,that is shown to have been a fabrication and a libel."Compare their merits and de- merits with those of their neighbors: The Puritans,ostensibly,came to America to seek for them- selves the unmolested exercise of faith and the practice of worship ; and yet,after they had fastened themselves firmly upon the New England soil,they assumed the prerogatives of special embassadors of Providence for the direction of their neighbors'consciences,and in their turn with the most unchristian cruelty began to oppress and persecute others,and ''Prove theirdoctrineorthodox By apostolic blowsand knocks." Toleration was preached against,as a sin in rulers,that would bring down the judgment of Heaven upon the land.Mr.Dudley died with a copy of verses in his pocket,of which the following lines make a part : "Let men ofGod,in court and churches,watch, O'er suchasdoa toleration hatch." They danced in silken hose to music made by slaves—and called it freedom,and in bell-crowned hats they led Hester Prynne to her shame—and called it religion. The Puritans came to New England really from motives pecun- iary and speculative.They were actuated by greed and cupidity, so characteristic of nearly all Englishmen of every generation. Under the guise of civilization and conversion,they deluded and plundered the credulous Indian,and refrained not to "Call fire and sword anddesolation A godly thorough reformation ; Such as build their faith upon The holy text ofsword and gun." 320 PENNSYLVANIA GERMANS. When the occupation of phmdering aborigines had ceased for want of material,Puritan "tolerance "was exhibited by the hang- ing ofQuakers and superannuated women as "witches."Hanging was adopted on account of its being more ignominious than burn- ing.No wonder at the annual feasts of the many New England Societies,the debarkation of their ancestors on this continent is made dramatic by the tossing of their ships on a rock-bound coast, their advent celebrated in poesy,and their "liberty-loving consist- ency and religious tolerance "constitute the theme for the loftiest flights of impassioned eloquence. The Quaker came also from pecuniary motives,and while will- ing to enjoy unmolested the blessings of liberty,was unwilling,on account of alleged religious scruples,to bear arms in its preserva- tion and defence.The Scotch-Irishmen came for political reasons and preferment. The Cavalier of Virginia came not for "liberty of conscience," (L,ord Baltimore was given by them an unwelcome reception on account of his religion)but from a spirit of adventure,or to serve out a sentence.In its early settlement Virginia became the Bot- any Bay of English criminals.In the two recent volumes on Vir- ginia genealogies no mention is made of this "enforced exile." From the manuscript transactions of the London Company it ap- pears that on October 20,1619,a letter from His Majesty,James I, for "the sending of divers dissolute persons to Virginia,"was laid before the court or board for action.The treasurerreported to the Company that the convicts "could not go in less than fourshippes, for fear that they being many together,they draw more into them, and so muteny and carry away the shippes,which would stande the Company in foure thousand pounds." William Smith,in his "History of Virginia,"(1747)is rightly indignant at the custom of "transporting loose and dissolute per- sons to Virginia as a place of punishment and disgrace,which, although originally designed for the advancement and increase of the colony yet has certainly proved a great hindrance to its growth, for it hath laid one of the finest countries in British America under the just scandal of being a mere Hell upon Earth,another Siberia, and only fit for the reception of malefactors and the vilest of the people.So that few people,at least few large bodies of people, PENNSYLVANIA GERMANS.321 have been induced,willingly,to transport themselves to such a place,and our younger sisters,the Northern Colonies,have profited thereby.For this is one cause that they have outstripped us so much in the number of their inhabitants,and in the goodness and frequency of their cities and towns."These penal colonists hav- ing been "confined"to aristocratic leisure,were not fitted nor in- clined to subdue the waste places,or fell the dense forests. The arbitrary assumptions of thirty-five years ago by descend- ants were evidently due to inherited convictions. In the year 1620,Virginia had the honor of first introducing the curse of slavery on this continent.The concomitant evils of this institution did not,in 1747,make themselves as yet apparent to the historian. The Mennonites,often called German Quakers,were the first people in Pennsylvania,and the first people in America to suggest the abolition of negro slavery.In 1688 some of them,who were living in Germantown,sent a petition to that effect to the English Quakers,who afterwards adopted the idea and became famous for the advocacy of it.The petition is full of quaint expressions,es- pecially one paragraph. "If once these slaves (wch they say are so wicked and stubborn men)should joint themselves,fight for their freedom and handel their mastersandmastrisses tacke the sword a hand &warragainst these poor slaves,licke weare able to be- lieve,some will not refuse to doe?Or have these negers not as much right to fight for their freedom,as you have to keep them slaves? Unlike othersettlers the sturdy and thrifty Germans,after fleeing from feudal oppressions and religious intoler- ence,came not only to exercise their desire for religiousliberty,but with the avowed inten- tion of founding per- manent homes in the forest of the West- After securing an asy- lum in Pennsylvania they,like the Roman Catholics of Maryland, LORD BALTIMORE PROCLAIMING LIBERTY OFCONSCIENCE.(Old print.) 322 PENNSYI.VANIA GERMANS. (who received and protected their Christian brethren of every church)interfered with none in the exercise of his religious faith, and in all their relations scrupulously observed the virtues of the golden rule. In repelling-the insinuations and attacks upon the Pennsylvania Germans,and returning the assault,it is not contended that the Germans,in the concrete,were superior in all respects to the other colonists.But they were at least the equals of their defamers. Neither the Puritan,the Quaker,the Scotch-Irish,the Cavalier nor the German,was singly the depositary of all earthly wisdom and virtues.Neither was faultless nor flawless,nor had the right to assume an air of superiority,and lord it over and asperse the other.It required the union of all these hetrogeneous elements to produce and rear the Colonial Commonwealths.It was the gradual blending,by intercourse and intermarriage,of these varied racial elements that has given to the people of this Republic the distinctive characteristics of the inventive,progressive,irrepressi- ble and indomitable American. While not overwhelmed with riches upon their arrival,the German immigrants were not the paupers of the old world,but well to do,some even with titled honors.Even the mosthumble, by strict integrity,industry and economy advanced in respecta- bility,and attained honorable distinction and usefulness among men.Nor were they illiterate ;wherever there was a churchthere was a school.In a memorial to the authorities by the German in- habitants,a century and a half ago,containing over two hundred signatures,but one man made his mark. The Germans were intensely religious.Among their baggage, deep down in the traditional wood chest,there was a Bible,a Lit- urgy,a Hymn book and a Catechism.In the plain log church, with its pulpit erected on a stump of a tree,with no wooden,but stone floor,with no pews,and for a long time without a stove,the fervent prayer of the settlers wafted heavenward,asking God's blessing upon their new home in the primeval forest in which lurking savages abounded.Their religious devotion did not cease as they emerged from their tribulations and perils.As late as October 25,1777,John Adams,with no prepossession in their favor,while in Yorktown,as stated,perforce attested as follows : PENNSYLVANIA GERMANS.323 "This town is a small one,notlargerthan Plymouth.There are in it two Ger- man churches,the one a Lutheran,the other Calvinistical.The Congregations are pretty numerous,and their attendance upon public worship isdecent.Itis remarkable that the Germans,wherever theyare found,are careful to maintain the public worship,which is more than can be said of theother denominationsof Christiansthisway.There is one churchhere,erectedbythe joint contributions of Episcopalians and Presbyterians,but the minister who is a missionary iscon- fined forToryism,sothat they havehadfor a long time no public worship." They brought the useful arts of spinning and weaving linen and woolen cloth ;and to them we are largely indebted for various trades of indispensible utility to agriculture and society at large. Unlike the Scotch-Irish,who took to the Highlands,the native sagacity,thrift and shrewdness of the Germans led them to select the rich limestone lauds of the valleys.Said Robert Proud,the early historian of Penusjdvania :"They are more adapted than any other nationalities to agriculture and the improvement of the wil- derness."This opinion was fully justified by events,for the wil- derness was not only heroically invaded,but subdued and im- proved ;the home of the Indians soon became dotted with the dwellings of the immigrants,the rude log house was followed by the substantial stone dwelling,and this again by the stately man- sion of brick,until the dense forest has been converted into beau- tiful gardens,towns and cities,and literally made to blossom like the rose of the Scriptures. Let us hear what a jovial stranger thought and said of the Penn- sylvania Germans who wrought this transformation : "I have lately passed through theDutchiest part ofPennsylvania,and haveob- served some new and instructive points I never thought of before.Apparently said Dutch are a sedate people.They are as religious as New Englanders were fifty years ago.They are as sharpasYankees after money,moresavingand more generous.They are more intelligent,independent and happythan they appear, and bashful before strangers,especially the ladies.These and other traits make them appear exclusiveand clannish,yet they are the most social and comical peo- ple in America.Amongthem (if one understands their glibdialect)one can hear more words,jokes and hearty laughs in a minute than ever the modern Greek or neu hoch Deutsch.I now have learned that the Pennsylvanians,who are well ac- quainted in English,cling to their dialect in smallrapid talk and the firing of a multiplicity of jokes.They laugh oftener thandotheYankees,their women can deliver four words to a Yankee woman'sone in English,and more when excited. Therefore,Pennsylvania Dutch is a phonetic dialect.I patent this idea,and say to those who make funof it thatthey can find more comical,witty characters— real Yankees—in Pennsylvaniathan in New England." Further as to the dialect of the Pennsylvania Germans,we quote 324 PENNSYI^VANIA GERMANS. the following from an address of Rev.F.J.F.Schantz,of L,ebanon County,at the first annual meeting in 1891,of the Pennsylvania German Society : "The Pennsylvania Germanancestors spoke thedialectoftheirrespectivehomes in Germany.The introduction of the use of the English has wrought great changes.Many speak the dialect andEnglish,and a large number speak the dia- lect,English and High German.Those of our number who heard their fathers speak the dialect—and their mothers thesame—with very rare attempts to speak English cannot well lose theirattachment to the language of their early homes. No wonder that the people never grow tired of Harbaugh's poems.Nowonder that theplain Pennsylvania farmer,who wished tosee the KingofSaxony,gained entrance to the palace,when the King heard the farmershouting tothe guard who did not wish to admithim :'Sagt 'em Koenigeswaeren Bauer do vum Pennsyl- fenie in de United States der deht ihn gern sehne ;'And when the King had ordered the guard to admit him no wonderthe King was pleased with the Penn- sylvania German farmer who extended his hand to the King and said:'Well Koenig,wie gehts,wie kummscht a?' " The historians of the last century all make honorable mention of the influx ofthe sturdy Germans.In 1731 there were 15,000 members of the Reformed Church in Pennsylvania from the Pal- atinate.Up to 1776,when the importations ceased,39,000 Ger- man emigrants had arrived and settled mainly in Lancaster,York, Berks and Northampton counties.As early as 1790,when the population of this State did not exceed 435,000 there were already 145,000 Germans;and it is estimated that from the stock have sprung descendants in this State alone to the number of 1,200,000. They have become Scientists,L,awyers,Clergymen,Professors, Judges,Physicians,Congressmen,Senators and Governors.Of the last are,Snyder,Hiester,Shultze,Wolf,Ritner,Shunk,and Hartranft.Their devotion to patriotic duty has been signalized in all emergencies;and the vicious aspersions cast upon their vigor and patriotism in the "times that tried men's souls,"by John Adams,and others of English forbears,were entirely unwarranted, and due to wilful New England prejudice and obliquity. When the war clouds ofthe American Revolution burst andthe people of Pennsylvania were summoned to arms for the struggle with tyranny,the German settlers were ready,and entered heartily into the conflict.Their bones lie on every battle-field of the Revolution.At Lundy's L,ane,at North Point,on the Plains of Mexico,from Bull Run to Appomattox,they were in the forefront of the battle.Of the 300,000 veterans from Pennsylvania,who PENNSYI.VANIA GERMANS.325 marched in defense of the Union,two-thirds were of Pennsylvania German descent.In every battle they were fearless and valiant, officers and men,reflecting honor and renown upon their State,the Nation and their race. "They whose heroic hands Proved ever first toguard The bulwarksoftheirnative land, Unmindful of reward, Save thatillustrious spirit's claim Withinthe godlikerolls of Fame?" NOTE 22. (page 119.) The Cressap Invasion. Surveyor Butcher's Tribulations. "to the honble thomas penn,proprietor of the provinceof pennsylvania,&c. ye petitioner humbly sheweth "That your Petitioner having accepted your benevolent fivor of being Deputy Sur\?eyorof allthe Landsand Mannersin thatpartofLancasterCounty which lyes on the westside of Susquehanna river.When the samewas attended with utmost DiflScultyand Scarcity ofBread;Yet notwithstanding yourhumble Petitionerhath BOUNDARY DISPUTE BETWEEN LORDBALTIMORE AND WILLIAM PENN.(Old print.) hitherto Carriedon theafifair with the utmost integrityand Resolution:Havesuf- fered no person to impose on the interestofthe Honble Proprietors in the Execu- tion of his office;have Endeavored all peaceaspossibleamong the sittlers;Have laid out the Lands as regularaspossible the places will bear—In performance of Now if the Honble ProprietorOut ofgoodness to your humble Petitionercon- THE CRESSAP INVASION.327 which your Petitioner hath many Timesbeen in hazard ofLife many ways;Some- times threatened to be shottby Insolent persons,Many weeks at a time have seen no sort of bread have Suffered much cold Lying in the w-oods many Nights To- gether Took all patiently hoping to be Continued in the Honble Proprietors good Service When Times Should mend Bread more plenty and the affairsettled be- tween the Honble Proprietor and Lord Baltimore.But yourPetitionerhavingof late seen warrants Directed to another person to Execute surveys withinthe Bounds of afforesaid and that on the most valuable part foradvantage—proves very Discouraging to Your Petitioner in his undertaking. sidering the Hardships he has undergonewillplease Continue him in your Hons good service—accordingto the Limits as above sd until SomethingShall appearto make him unworthy ofyour Hons benevolentfavour;And yourhumble Petitioner in Gratitude Shall ever pray September loth 173S.ZACH BUTCHER." The above is one of the many complaint.s made on account of the encroachments by Lord Baltimore on Pennsylvania territory. The dispute led to violence and the Cressap intrusion.^ NOTE 23. (page 114.) The Dress,Houses,Utensils,Occupations and Pastimes of our Grandparents. "The first inhabitants west of the Susquehanna,wereclothed for some years, altogether in tow cloth,as wool was an article nottobeobtained.Their dress was simple,consisting ofashirt,trowsers and a frock. "During the heat ofsummer,a shirt and trowsers of tow formed their only rai- ment.Inthefallthe tow frock was superadded.When the cold winter was be- fore the door,and Boreascame rushing from the north,the dress was adapted to the season by increasing the number of frocks,so that in the coldestpart ofthe wintersome ofthe sturdy settlers were wraptin four,five,and even more frocks, which werebound closely around theirloins,usuallywith a string ofthe same ma- terialasthe garments. "When sheep were introduced,a mixture of tow and wool wasconsidered a luxury.But tow wasshortly afterwardssucceeded by cotton,andthe linsey wool- seywas a piece ofwildest extravagance. "For some time after these early settlements were made,there was neither a shoemaker,nor a tanner,in any part ofYork county.Thesupply was annually obtained from Philadelphia ;itinerant cobblers,traveling fromone farmtoanother, earned a livelihood by mending shoes.The cobblers carried with them such a quantityof leather as they thought would be wanted in the district oftheir tem- poraryvisit.For a long timethere wasonly one tailor in the county,who made clothes for men and women.'" The Second Generation. Hardly a generation had,however,passed,when the inhabi- tants,by industry and frugality,had made great advancement and improvement in their domestic comforts and relations,especially in the inland towns.As necessity is the mother of invention, their hands seized upon new resources and supplied their real wants.They drove the plough,they trafficked,builded,delved, they spun and wove.They had wooden trenchers first,then pew- ter,and finally earthen and queensware.Shoe buckles of steel or brass,rarely of silver,continued until 1800.The old men only ^Glossbrenner's HistoryofYorkCounty. RAIMENT AND PASTIMES OF OLD.329 had a "great coat,"which lasted an averagelifetime.Young men never thought of wearing an overcoat.The men had one pair of well-trimmed leather boots,reaching to the knees.The winter suit was homespun flannel breeches andjacket,long striped waist coat buttoned down before,a flannel or woolsey shirt,and blue yarn long stockings.The eldest boy had,for summer,a home- made suit,which,when overgrown,was handed down to the next. The women and girls wore on Sunday,in winter,homespun INTERIOR OF AN OI<D-TlME HOUSE. flannel.The more common dress of the women was a loose gown and petticoat.In this graceful and healthful costume,our grand- mothers baked,and washed,and ironed,carded and spun,warped and filled,wove and quilted,and rocked the cradle.They touched the spinning wheels with deft fingers,and from the shiningspindle flew warp and woof as fine as gossamer and firm as threads of steel. The pride of these housekeepers culminated in their bed and bed- ding.Fine wool blankets,coverlets of elaborate designs,quilts in mosaic patterns,linen sheets as white as snow,all home made, were prepared for the trousseau of ever}'fair-to-do young woman. Fine geese feather beds were an object of great emulation,and 330 RAIMENT AND PASTIMES OF OLD. moved the social barometer much as would now a solid silver tea service. For many years most of the hovises were innocent of paper or paint,and some of plastering,though kept light and clean with frequent whitewashing.Few had carpets,and these only in front of the chairs.The fire place equipments were a long crane with graduated hooks and trammels,large andirons,tongs,pokes and the bellows.Clocks were rare,and the hour glass did good ser- vice.The cupboard shelves glittered with rows of platters,plates, pans and pitchers.The open beams,girders and walls were fes- tooned with herbs and seeds and various home products for use or ornament.From roots,herbs,berries and wild flowers were pre- pared medicines to cure all the ills of body and soul. An old-time expression,"getting the mitten,"meaning getting your offer of marriage rejected by your "best girl,"has an origin in the custom of the earlier days.One hundred years ago gloves were unknown in the country—or country towns ;mittens were knitted and worn in all families.If a young man going home from singing school with the girl of his choice was holding her mittened hand,to keep it from getting cold,and took the oppor- tunity to urge his suit,if the offer proved acceptable,the hand would remain ;if otherwise,an effort to withdraw the hand would leave the mitten.So the suitor would get the mitten,but would not get the hand. In the early days the women went to their churches generally in short gowns and petticoats,and with check or white flaxen aprons.The first settlers used no wagons in going to market,but the women went and rode on a horse with two panniers,slung on each side of her.Then the people,especially man and wife,rode to church,funerals and visits both on one horse ;the woman sat on a pillion behind the man.In going to be married,the bride rode to the meeting behind her father,or next friend,seated on a pillion ;but after the marriage the pillion was placed,with her, behind the saddle of her husband. Fashions in Olden Times. The Centreville (Md.)Times publishes a letter,written by the Hon.Thomas Beddingfield Hands,in 1764,to a relation in England,from which we make the RAIMENT AND PASTIMES OF OLD.331 following extract,as showing the fashions of those days.The letter is dated "Chester,in Maryland,November 12,1764,"and after a reference to family af- fairs,says : "Marj-Iand is not the Maryland thatit waswhen I first arrivedhere.Letters and science,politeness and luxury areabundantly seen,in ourmanners,buildings, equipage,furniture,plate,dress,&c.In our press,we run theroute,whichyou ladies set us.My daughters,now take seventeen yards of three-quarter mantau silk ;and twenly-three yards of satin or tabby,to make them a robe.Whereas a little more than halfof this quantity did use to serve their late excellent mother. When thegowns comehome I findmy silk cut into rags,by flourishing,scollop- ing,pinking,and I know notwhat.And when I begin tocomplain—'0/iny dear sir!—upon my word.Papa,thisis thefashion.'And Mistress Stitch-away never failstosecond them.And I mustreturn to my easy chair,andsay nomore." America One Hundred Years Ago. Every gentlemanwore a queue andpowdered his hair. Imprisonment for debt was a common practice. There was not a public libraryin theUnited States. Almost all the furniture was imported from England. An old copper mine in Connecticut wasused as a prison. There was only one hat factory,and that made cockedhats. A daylaborer considered himselfwell paid with two shillingsaday. Crockery plates were objected to because they dulled the knives. A manwhojeered at the preacheror criticised thesermon was fined. Virginia contained a fifth ofthe whole population ofthe countrj'. A gentleman bowing to a lady always scraped hisfoot on the ground. Two stage coachesbore all the travel between New York and Boston. The whipping post and pillory were stillstanding in Boston and New York. Beef,pork,salt fish,potatoes,and hominy werethe staplediet all theyearround. Buttons were scarce and expensive,and the trouserswere fastened with pegs or laces. There were no manufactures in this country,and every housewife raised her own flax and made her own linen. The church collection was taken in a bag atthe end ofa pole,with abellat- tached to rousesleepy contributors. Leather breeches,a checked shirt,a red flanneljacket,and acocked hat formed the dressofan artisan. When a man had enough teaheplaced his spoon across his cup to indicate that he wanted no more. A newarrival in ajail was set upon by his fellow prisoners and robbedofevery- thing he had. From the York Gazette ofMay 2$,jSib: Mr.Boudet respectfully informs the ladies and gentlemen of York and its vicinity,that his first ball willbe given on Tuesday,the 28th inst.atthe Sign of the Golden Swan,North George Street.The room is spacious and has agood floor.Tickets for Ladies and Gentlemen to be had at the Bar of Mr.Robert Hammersley. N.B.—A variety ofnew and elegant Cotillions will be introduced. NOTE 24. (page 141.) Laying Out the Town of Yorktown and its Prog- ress.Its Condition in 1743,1749,i753''7^3 and 1787.The Industrial Parade and Quaint Toasts in 1788. James Logan to the Proprietor. Stenton,30th 8hr,1743. Mayitplease YourHonour : Asyouwerepleasedtocommit to me the care &regulation of ye Gentlemen of theTownofYork,on Codorus,on yeWest side of the Susquehanna,laid out,in ye mannor you Proposed,I presume an account ofye progress,ofit will no be dis- agreeable.First,then,after ye people had noticeofa town to be laid out,They SEAL OF THE Borough of york. had a General meeting,&enter'd their nameswith me for Lotstoye number of 70,&forpromotingimmediate Buildings thenthe principal persons concerned,in applying for ye Town had their first choice of ye Lots,&after them,as such as firstapply'd withan intent to Build immediately.The people were satisfied with this,Andwee have goteleven houses already Built in it,&several others setting on foot.I anuex'd conditions on entering their names,that unless they Built in one year from the timetheir claim should be void,&give liberty to any otherper- son to takeup such lots. LAYING OUT OF YORKTOWN. Water has been got at about i6 feet,pretty near ye highest part ofye town, which gives great encouragement to those settled from ye Creek.You may be pleased to rememberthat the centre ofye Town istwo squarestoye eastward ofye Creek.The Houses built are from ye Creek towards ye Centre,and several Lots are taken up to ye eastward of ye Centre.The peopleare very intent uponye thing,&have opened a road to Patapsco ;some trading Gent there are desirous of opening a Trade to York &ye Country adjacent.The inhabitants seemwilUngto close with em'from ye shortnessofye cut,not being about 45 miles;from Phila- delphia they are between 80 &90 miles,beside ye Ferriage overSusquehanna. The 2 Religious Societies of which tlie Town &Countryadjacent consist,(viz.)ye Lutherans and Calvinists,have apply'd each for a lot for a House ofWorship, which in your name,I have promisee them,andthey aregoing to build immedi- ately.The prospect ofits being a County Town some time orother pleases most ofye people,tho'some pains isprivately takento frustrateany such Expectations. I have taken a skilful person with me,&viewed ye Creek well for a Conveniency for a Saw Mill,but cannot find a place any way convenient;there's a fine run on a Tract adjoining this,in ye possession of one Bernard Lowman,by virtueofa grant of License by your direction,under Mr.Blunstons'hand on which a Mill might at easy expense be erected,&very commodious to yeTown.I have talked with him on my own acco't,and I'm in expectation of getting himtosuit his claim upon a reasonable valuation ofhis improvement. As to the Manuor of Mask,It is pretty full ofye poorest soil ofye Irish,who declare themselveddetermined to keep possession,&preventa Mannor being run out,&considering our present inability to enforce ye execution ofye civil power, &ye pains taken to propagate &improve a factious Spirit in ye People,it may not be amiss to suffer them to feel ye Inconvenience of Lawless force a little longer,for they begin to practise it upon one another,and complaints have been made to me,by several ofthose who first settled,&took imaginary Lines,800 or 1000 acres a piece for less than 800 acres.That the people crowded in so thick to settle,&knowing that ye former settlers had no better right thanthemselves,& that they were equally Trespassers,encroached upon ye first settlers,sate down where they pleased,every man according to his forces,by himself or friends, thereby occasioned great Quareling &disorders.This has put to useofye most considerate of em'upon applying forrelief,&by this means must necessarilybe brot to submit &bringthings intoorder.I intend tosurvey a Tract ofabout600 acres,on Great Conewago,to ye Proprietors on next week,&I am informed of another Tract,ofabout 800 acresofgood Land,higher upon yesame Creek,which if I find on viewing,to answerye description,I shall also run out.The lands on Bermuddean,were chiefly settled,so that small settlements were only to be got. The people settled in my districton yewest side Susquehanna,arehastening to procure warr'ts oftheir Lands,being made sensible that they will not be suffered to sit undisturbed on their Lands for a Termofyears withoutany application to ye office. I should have wrote sooner to yourHonor,But could nothavebeen to partic- ular.I understand by Mr.Peters,that you propose to return here next Summer, whichwill be very agreeable to ye people here. In the meantime,I will begleavetooffer my Duty &servicestoyour Brothers, &to assure you that nothing in my power relating to my ofiice,or otherwise, 334 IvAYING OUT OF YORKTOWN. shall be wanting to your service &Interest,&that ofyour Family,&that I shall alwaysentertain a gratefuUsense ofyour Favours to me. I am Hble Sr, Yr mostObedt. J.LOGAN." Mywife hopes her complaints to Mrs.Frame,will not be taken amiss. York in 1749,1754 and 1783. George Stevenson,Deputy Surveyor of York County in 1754, made a survey of Yorktown.In the draft for the Proprietor Queen Street was the eastern,Philadelphia Street the Northern and "Prince"Street the Southern limit of the town.The lots west of the Codorus were not numbered.The lands surrounding the town were owned by Baltzer Spengler,Bartholomew Moul and John Hay,on the east,by Bernhard Lowman and Henry Spengler on the south,by Hermanns Bott on the west,and by John and James Wright on the north and northwest of the town. The town in 1749 consisted of sixty-three dwellings of wood. There was but one room with a fire place and hearth in the town,all the houses being accommodated with Dutch Stoves. This stove was a late invention,and was an iron box,one side of which was open,and set outside of the room,the stove itself pro- jecting through the partition.In 1754 there were 210 dwelling houses,of which three were of brick and two ofstone.The Court House was of brick and unfinished,and the Prison,on the northeast corner of George and King streets,was of stone. The former was finished in 1756.The square west of the Codorus Creek was quite a swamp in wet weather,and a large part of it was overflowed during heavy rains,and was deemed unfit to build upon.Part of the road through it was a wooden causeway.In 1783 there were 293 houses,866 male and 913 female inhabitants, or a population of 1779,with 38 negro slaves.In 1755 the mar- kets were chartered by the proprietaries ;two markets,one on Wednesday and one on Saturday.The market house,adjoining the Court House on the west,was built about 1758,and was torn down with its neighbor in 1842.In 1787,when York was incor- porated into a borough.Gen.Henry Miller and Rev.David Cont- ler were the two Burgesses,the former being called Chief Burgess. WEST MARKET STREET,YORK,1850. LAYING OUT OF YORKTOWN.335 The population was then about 2,000.On March 4,1788,York celebrated the adoption of the Constitution of the United States. There was a procession in which the trades were represented,and a banquet,speeches and toasts,the last being as follows : The Celebrated Toasts Given at the Banquet of the In- dustrial Parade in York 1788.' 'From Carey'sAmerican Museum.Vol.6,pages 311and 410. "Ingenious toasts given at York,in Pennsylvania,by the bearersofthe flags,in the procession formed to celebrate the progress of thenew Constitution. "Toast Given by the Bearer of the United States Fi,ag. "May our powers explore every inlet of thehabitual globe—our flag ride tri- umphant on every ocean.May impartiality wield the sword of Justice,andim- petuosity the sword of war. "Flag of the State of Pennsylvania. "The State of Pennsylvania—may she hold the federal balance,and becomethe arbitress ofthe Continent. Magistrate's Flag. "May justice by her sword protect her scales—may nothingbut righteousness turn thebeam—and may the write ofsophistry what convulsed Belleshazzar,'thou areweighed in the balance and art found wanting. ' "Farmer's Flag. "Perpetual laurels to the men who have 'beaten thesword of civil dissention into a plough share'—whohavesown the seed ofgoodgovernment :mayit spring up without tares,and mayeach revolving harvest witness its increase. "Mason's and Bricklayer's Flag. "May the component parts of the federal edifice be squared by the plummet of impartial justice,inseparably attached bythe cement ofcitizenship. "Clock and Watchmaker's Flag. ''May virtue be the mainspring of our new government—patriotism keep its worksinorder.May the popular voice wind up its chain,and may itshand point tothe public good. "Baker's. "May an oven 'seven times heated'be the fate of him whoseonly objects are the 'loaves and fishes.' "Stocking Weaver's. "May he who first broached the formation ofa new government,have a wreath of laurel twisted round his brow,and a garland ofhonorary flowers wove for his reward. "Taylor's. "May fate with hershears cutthe thread ofthat man's life,Fame dishonorhim with the name of Goose,and society bafflehim,who endeavorstocabbage from his Country. 336 I.AYING OUT OF YORKTOWN. "Copper Smith's and Founder's. "We may be brazed together by a love of Countryasbyborax and spelter,and visitedbyanenergetic government, "Potter's. "As often as the wheel oftime revolves this daylet gratitude tell of the heroes, who were proved as by fire;and may a tearofremembrancefall for such as were cracked. "Painter's. "The new Constitution initstrue colors;neither caricatured nor flattered;and may the brush of investigation correct the glare oflight given by its friends,and the profusion ofshade thrown on it by its enemies. "Gi,aziER'S. "May the Paine remain forever uncracked,that threwlight on the subject of our late war,and may the rays oftruthbe drawn to a focus by theglassofgenios. "Rough Carpenter's. "May his head be divorced from hisbody by the broad-axe ofJustice who does notsquarehis contractby the rule ofright. "House Carpenter's. "The new political mantion—Mayits compartmentsbe commodious—May three rafters be added totheten whichalready support its roof;and may the lights be great andmany. "Blacksmith's. "May the thirteen States be welded into oneunitedempire,by the hammer of conciliation on the anvil of peace ;and may the men who attempt toblow the coals of discordbe burnedby thesparks. "Naii,or's "May the government be well pointedand have a good head. "Sadi,er's. "A curb bit and a traverse rein totheimportationof foreign luxuries;and may the man who denieshis encouragementtohomemanufactoriesbe stirruped round theworld. "Hatter's. "May he who twangs the bowof tumult,be stripped to the pelt,then dipped intoakettle ofblacking;may hisheadbe brought to the block,and their union constitute his character. "Shoeand Bootmaker's. "May we wax a great and happy nation,bebound by principles of mutual re- gard,actuated as by one soul,and may our prosperity as a people lastuntil the end oftime. "BreechesMakers and Skinner's. "May he be shorn against the grain,smokedand welted,who has not brains to know that the bauds ofthe oldgarment were too loose. I.AYING OUT OF YORKTOWN.337 "Tobacconist's. "May the leaves of anti-federalism betwisted together,and fastened by thorns, or berolled into tubes,andend in a puff. "Waggon Maker's. "Three more spokesto our new wheel—a federal band for itstire,a willingpeo- ple for its axis—a political wisdom toset it in motion,and may its progress never be retardedby thelock chain ofopposition. "Saddle Tree Makers. "As we are chips ofthe sameblock,branchesofthesame tree,may we be glued togetherby a general efficientgovernment. "Blue Dyers and Stamper's. "May Fame stamp immortality on those names,whohavedied forour country. "Tanners and Currier's. "Mayevery limbofthatman behacked—mayhebe leathered through society — and have hishide completely tanned who is mean enough to curry favour. "Weaver's. "Forever honored by the namesofthose,who,rejectingthe thrumbsof the old web,have cut it out oftheloom,andhavewove another,to do the political naked- ness oftheir country. "Tin PlateMaker's. "May the shears of liberality and extended policy cut awaylocal prejudices, and may the late heat of politicaldisquisition only serve to meltthe cement that is to solder ustogether. "Scythe and Sickle Maker's. "May the sickle of industry be filled with heavy harvests,until time with his scythe shall mow down empires and ages. "Butcher's. "As the marrow isconnected withthe bone,orone joint with another,so let us be united,and may no cleaver ever disjoint us. "Gunsmith's. "When the implements of war are requisite to defend our country'srights,or resent our wrongs—may coolness take the fight and courage draw the trigger. "Printer's. "May no government be so potent as torestrain the liberty ofthe press,orso impotent as not beable tocheck its licentiousness. "Brewer's. "May he be choaked with grains,or drowned in hot ale,whose businessit isto brew mischief. "Barber's. "Hot curling irons,and a dull razor,to the enemies ofourgreat system,and notwithstanding the wig they once took upon them,may they remain as they now are,in the suds. 338 I^AYING OUT OF YORKTOWN. "Turner's. "May the anti-federalists be 'turned from the evil oftheir ways,'and be held no longer in the viceofgroundless opposition . "Cooper's. "May the new government be a binding hoop to the States,and neversuffer them to go to staves. "Brick Maker's. "The materials which compose our new constitution—may they sustain the heat of every party rage,without a crack,and come out more perfect from the kiln offaction. "Rope Maker's. "May the production of our trade be the neck-cloth ofhim,who attemptsto untwistthe political rope ofourunion. "Mathem.\ticai,Instrument Maker's. ''The political compass as it has been graduated by the fingerofaccuracy,may it prove our guide in the windsoflegislation and preserve its equipoise,however shaken bythe storms of foriegn invasion or domestic broil. "Joiner's. "The unanimity which augurs that thehatchet shall soon be buried. "Surveyor's. "May the needleof the new government be magnetizedby an honest love of fame,and make the applause of the peopleits pole—may thesights be taken by the pervading eye of genius—the courses be shaped by integrity—and may there be no variation nationalhonor. "Merchant's. "Thenew constitution—may itprove loopercent,better thanthe old one;may justice,wisdomand mercy be foundin theinvoice ofits excellencies ;and may its net proceeds be good order at home,and respectinthe councils ofEurope. ''Lawyer's. "Amild Judge,a believing jury,a blundering opponent,a good cause,a hand- some fee,and afederal client,to every advocate of our infant constitution. "Physician's. "Thepolitical physicians,who in place ofmending have made a constitution- may it retain its health and vigor,without the aid ofmedicine,and maythequack undergo,atthe same time,the double operation of cathartic and emetic,who pre- scribesbleeding.' ' NOTE 25. (PAGE 142.) The York Election Riots of 1750. THE attempt by the Irish to commit frauds at the county election of 1749,led to a great riot at the polls,in which the Irish were completely routed.'The usurpation of the Deputy Governor of the State,in nullifying the ver- dict of the people,was the real causeof the affray in 1750. The case of the affray was brought before the Assembly.The following are the remonstrances in the case,and explanation of the facts : "Hamilton appeared before the Assembly,in November,1750—presented a remonstrance to the House,setting forth that he opened the election at the town ofYork,and,with the assistanceofseven inspectors,began to take the poll,and continued regularly and quietly for some time,until the multitude of people, chiefly Germans,armed with sticks and billets ofwood,excited and encouraged by Nicholas Ryland,the coroner,began to beat and drive away all the people from about the court house;whereupon he,Hamilton,with Patrick Watson,Esq.,one ofthejustices ofthe peace,went out to pacify them,andused theirendeavors,but invain,for they were both struck bythe people,and with difficulty escaped back into the house,andthen he suspended taking the poll,in hopes the tumult would subside ;but the people grew more outrageous,broke the windows,and throwing stones andbrickbats;he and fourofthe inspectors wereobliged toquit thehouse, through a back window;whereupon the rioterstook possession of the court house, and the box with the ballots—that one-fourth of an hour after this,he returned to the courthouse,inorder to go on with the election,but was refused admittance — the coroner,with the three remaining inspectors,having assumed to continue the polls,and being supported by the outrageous multitude,kept possession of the box,whereby he wasdisabled from makinga regular return." This is the Sheriff's statement : "The others were also heard,by petition,which cast some additional light upon the subject.The petition sets forththat,Hans Hamilton did notopentheelection till two o'clock in the afternoon,which caused no little uneasiness among thepeo- ple.That Hamilton's party,the Marsh creek people,gathered about the election house to give in their tickets and would not suffer theZ^K/^tA/i-o/i/f andother frierds to come near the house,but did what they couldtokeep them oflfwith clubs,so that the Dutch were obliged to do the best they could,or else go home 'Ante page 141. 340 YORK BISECTION RIOTS IN 1750. without voting;and being the most in number,they drovethe people from the house,and when they had done so,they came in a peaceable manner to give in their votes;but when the Sheriff saw hisparty was mastered,he locked up the box,and would not suffer the inspectors to take any more tickets,which made the Dutch people angry,and theystrove tobreak intothe house—and thenthesober people desired the SheriflF to continue the election;but he would not,and went away out of the back window,several of the inspectors going with him—and the freeholdersdesired the coroner to carry on the election—which having done care- fully and justly:and,afterwards,thesheriffwas asked to come and see the votes read,and an account takenofthem:but he refused,&c. The whole matter wasinvestigated—thesheriffwas called before the Assembly, publicly admonished by the speaker,and advisedtopreserve better order in the future." Later Disorders and Riots in York. Many subsequent disorders and riots occurred in York,accounts of which will be found,as to Continental troops and Militia in i777>in 5 Pa.Archives,O.S.,496 to 500,558-9,575-6;as to election riots in 1779,in 7 Pa.Archives,O.S.,193,11 Col.Rec. 698,700;as to the cow riots in 1786,in 11 Pa.Archives,O.S., 97."5-156,157- On October 28,1835,a large mob destroyed six houses,because they were tenanted by lewd women.On September 23,1836,a political riot took place,called "the Threshing of the Market House."On February 6,1840,a riot occurred at the old Court House on account of "Berley's Abolition L,ectures." Prior to the late war formidable riots in York among the fire- men belonging to the Laurel and Vigilant fire companies were quite frequent.The weapons were pistols and guns,stones and bricks.The firing was often quite brisk,the apparatus smashed and quite a number wounded.It was not safe fora fireman of one company to be found in the night time in the district of the other. The last fireman's riot took place April i,1859,at a fire of Charles Coller's house on North George Street.The last political riot took place in York upon Gov.Curtin's re-election in October,1863. Only one man was wounded,but many shutters around Centre Square were perforated with bullets,and the Democratic Head- quarters were stormed and demolished. NOTE 25i (page 142.) The First Churches of York. Where Our Forefathers Worshipped.—The Ducking of THE Tory Episcopal Rector During the Revolution. The Remarkable Story of the Bell. THE first influx,1729,of German immigrants west of the Susquehanna,consisted of Lutherans,German Reformed and Moravians,with a sprinkling of English. The First Lutheran Church. The first religious organization,September 1733,in this section, was called "Die Evangelische Lutherische Gemeindeander Katho- res,"and consisted of the heads of twenty-four families,who,for eleven years,worshipped in private dwellings,having no church home,and were served by ministers from Lancaster,Philadelphia and other places,the most prominent being Rev.John Casper Sto- ver who effected the organization,and continued its most regular pastor until 1744. In 1744,the Proprietaries of Pennsylvania,generously donated to the congregation a lot of ground on South George Street,on which,the same year,the first log church was built,and continued the only church building of the town until 1746.The new stone church,40x65 feet,was built in 1760,and stood until 1812,when the present reconstructed building was erected. The German Reformed Church. The German Reformers,who at first worshipped with the Luth- erans,organized about 1742,'and constructed a block building in 1746,on lot 91 West High Street,granted by the Penns.In 1789, 342 FIRST CHURCHES OF YORK. an Act of Assembly was passed to create a fund by lottery,to pay the arrears of indebtedness of both the German Lutheran and Ger- man Reformed Churches.' The lottery scheme of the Reformed Church,(then often called the Presbyterian Church,)to raise $2400.00,to pay the indebted- ness of the new brick church,now standing,was advertised in the York Recorder of March 30,1803.There were 1337 prizes and 2663 blanks ;the highest prize was $800,and the lowest $5.00. The 4000 tickets were sold at $3.00 each.The tickets were to be had from Godfrey Lenhart,Andrew Robinson,John Ernst,Peter Small,Daniel Spangler,John Rothrock,George Bamitz,Christo- pher Lauman,Commissioners." The new German Reformed Church,also built of lime stone, was erected in 1763,and destroyed in the great fire of 1797,'' whereupon the present structure was erected.It was similar in appearance to the stone Lutheran Church,with gable facing to- wards High (now Market)Street,and a steeple and belfry in the rear.The bell was rung on occasions of fire up to July 4,1776.* President Washington attended divine service in this church in 1791.^ The Theological Seminary of the church was removed to York from Carlisle in 1828.The Seminary building was at the north- west corner of Market and Penn streets,and was a long one-story white rough-cast structure.It had a library of 3500 volumes and 80 students in 1834. The First Moravian Church. Among the first Germans who purchased lots at the laying out of the town of York,were Moravians.Services were held in the county by Moravian missionaries as early as 1 744,who also con- ducted services among the Indians.The German Reformed and Moraviansat first also worshipped together.The York congregation was organized in i75i,and conductedservices in private houses until '9 Col.Rec.567. •SeeYorkDailvofOct.22,1895,for particulars. 'Note30. <Notes30and 37. ^Ante p.159. GNEH FROM Parish School.House of Dr.John Rouse. THE GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH,YORK,1760-1812. FIRST CHURCHES OF YORK.343 1755,when a large stone house was built on the corner of Water and Princess streets,which was used a dwelling house forthemin- ister,and in a large hall in it religious services were held.A church was built on this site in 1828,and stood until 1868,when the present church building on Duke street was erected. The diaries of the first Moravian pastors have proved to be of transcendent historical importance.' Pictures,not herein given of the old churches,will be found in the last illustration in this book. St.Patrick's Roman Catholic Church. In 1776 Joseph Smith purchased a stone dwelling house on the present siteofthis church,and presented it to the then small Cath- olic congregation to be used as a place of worship.The dwelling wasconverted into a place ofworship,and dedicatedandconsecrated. The parish was attended at intervals by priests from Conewago chapel,near Hanover.The old stone building was used as a place of worship until 1810,when a more elegant and pretentious structure was erected,which continued to be the place of worship until 1895,when the present hand,some edifice was constructed. The Friends'Meeting House. The Friends,commonly called Quakers,built their first meet- ing house,(still standing),in 1766,with the western half built in 1783,on West Philadelphia street,with brick,erroneously stated to have come from England. The "English Brick"Tradition. The accepted tradition that this meetinghouse.Colonel Thomas Hartley's dwelling,and a few other structures in York were built of brick from England,is founded alone on tradition,which is not history.The enormous cost attending such importation,with the superadded expense of transportation over bad roads from Phila- delphia or Baltimore,militate against the correctness of the tradi- tion.It is incredible,in view ofthe fact that structures like the old Court House,built in 1756,St.John's Episcopal Church,com- 844 FIRST CHURCHES OF YORK. pleted in 1771,and the stately brick mansion of Baltzer Spengler, Sr.,on the Plank Road,erected in 1760,were bnilt of brick from the latter's kilns,which were as good and finely finished as the brick in the meeting house of the frugal and unostentatious Quakers. The "old Virginia Houses"were said to have been built of brick imported from England.This accepted tradition was com- pletely demolished by Lyon G.Tyler,President ofWilliam and Mary College,who says : ' "In spite of tradition,there is not a case to be found in the annals of Virginia, ofbricks imported from England.Theimpression arosefrom mistaking themean- ing of'English brick,'which were 'statute brick,'made according to the English statute.When in courseof time the circumstances ofSociety had changed,the phrase 'English brick 'came to beunderstoodas 'brick importedfrom England.'" The First Presbyterian Church. The early Presbyterians of York at first attended divine services in St.John's Episcopal Church,then commonly known as the English Church.The genesis of the congregation was,however, contemporary with the period of the Revolution.For several years a little band of Presbyterians,without any formal church or- ganization,were ministered to by the Rev.Mr.Hanna,of the Pre.s- bytery of Carlisle.In 1785,George Irwin,William Scott and Archibald McLean"purchased the present site of the church.On this lot,in 1790,the first house of worship,a plain brickbuilding, was erected.In 1793,this congregation was united with the Round Hill Church,in Hopewell township,with the Rev.Robert Cathcart as pastor.In 1835 the old church edifice was remodeled, and continued as the place of worship iintil i860,when the pres- ent stately edifice was erected. First Methodist Episcopal Church. The first Methodist service in York County was conducted by Rev.Freeborn Garretson,January 24,1781,at the private farm house of James Worley,an Episcopalian,in West Manchester Township,near York.Mr.Worley and many others were con- 'February,1896,Century MagaEine. FIRST CHURCHES OF YORK.345 verted by his forceful and eloquent sermons.A churcli building was erected about the same year on the corner of Newberry and Philadelphia streets,the present site of the First United Brethren Church.This property was sold in 1840,and a new church (see last illustration herein)erected at the corner of Philadelphia and Beaver streets,which stood until the present handsome structure was built in 1873. The Evangelical Association. This ecclesiastical body originated in Pennsylvania in 1800,and had for its founder Jacob Albright.The Association was first in- troduced into York County in 1810.In 1841 amission was formed in York,when the present Bethlehem Church was erected onNorth Queen street. The United Brethren in Christ. The founder of this church was Philip Wilhelm Otterbein,'who was sent as a German Reformed missionary from Germany to America.His unique and beautiful penmanship is extensively found in the York German Reformed record book,and is worthy of inspection.The field of his labors was in Lancaster and York counties,and in Baltimore.In 1840 a mission was established in York,which purchased the old Methodist church building,at the corner of Philadelphia and Newberry streets,the present site of the new church. The First Baptist Church. In 1850 the venerable Rev.George M.Slaysman established this congregation in York,and a room was rented in the Hartman building,which was fitted up with seats and a pulpit.In 1852 the South George street church was partly erected,and the base- ment occupied for worship.The structure was finished and dedi- cated September 14,1856.The later churches of York do not belong to the class of "first churches."Illustrations of many of them will be found in the last picture ofthis volume. •Antep.196. 346 FIRST CHURCHES OF YORK. The First Episcopal Service and Church in America. The first settlement in America was Jamestown,Virginia,and was settled by CaptainJohn Smith on the 13th day of May,1607. The first act of the settlers on landing was to kneel and hear "good Parson Hunt"read the prayers of the Episcopal Church for their deliverance from the perils of the sea,and a thanksgiving for their safe arrival.Some days after their arrival the Holy Communion was celebrated forthe first time in America,according to the liturgy of the Episcopal Church on,June 21,1607.Their place of worship was a "pen of poles,a sail for a roof,and for a pulpit a plank lashed between two trees." The first church was built by them in 1608.The ruins (the oldest in America)of this old church can still be seen,consisting of a tower and a small church-yard surrounding it.The burning of this church,within ten years of its construction,is thus de- scribed in Smith's History,book 3,page 168 : "And so we all returned to Jamestown when the new supplyofpowder being lodged with the rest accidently fired the quarters.And so thetowns being but thatched with reeds the fire was sohotastoburne their pallisades though eight or ten yards distant with their armes,bedding,apparell,and much of private pro- vision.Good Master Hunt,our preacher,lost all his library and all he had but the cloathesonhis backe yet noneneverheardhim repine athislosse.The spring approaching and the ship departing Mr.Scrivenerand Captain Smith divided be- tweenthem the rebuildingofJamestown,plantingcornand torebuildourchurch." The St.John's Episcopal Church. In 1755 the first regular missionary sent to this vicinity from England,by the "Society for the propagation of the Gospel in For- eign Parts,"found a congregation of churchmen duly organized in York,though enjoying no regular services.The Proprietaries granted a lot on North Beaver Street to these worshippers—80 feet front and 250 feet in depth. An act of the assembly was passed in 1765,authorizing the crea- tion of a building fund for the erection of a church on this lot, by means of a lottery.Marked success did not attend the lot- tery effort of this church until 1768. This insiduous form of gambling was in universal practice in FIRST CHURCHES OF YORK.347 the eighteenth century,and obtained generally in the procuration of money for charitable and religious purposes.Lottery tickets of the Mountain Road Lottery of 1769 were even signed by the "straight-laced "George Washington,who spent 50 poundstherein —and this was not a solitary instance for him,for no one then as- sociated lottery tickets with gambling. The contention made by the two historians of the church,that the structure was erected in 1766,and that it was "about thirty feet square,"the writer has found to be erroneous,as is shown by the following interesting letters from Samuel Johnson,Esq.,Pro- thonotary,etc.,of York County,and the Rev.John Andrews,Rec- tor of the Parish of York and Adams Counties : York,Januarythe3d,1771. To THE Rev'd Mr.Richard Peters,Rector of ChristChurch,Phii<adei,- PHIA, Dear Sir:—Our church here hath been gone onbutslowly last summer for want of seasoned Pine Boards,but we think we are now nearly supplied,as we have up- wards of 4000 feet bought and seasoning.We had the roof plaistered and the Church leveled forlaying the floor.Next summerwe hopetocompleate thework; I think it will be the neatest Country Church in this Province;we have good Hearts considering our Abilities,but westillhope you will be able to get usa few Subscriptions;a smallmatter will be ofgreatservice to us,as our money is nearly exhausted.Mr.Thompson,the late Missionary hath about 10pounds ofthe Lot- tery money yet in his Hands which isa part ofour Dividend. Your Most Obedient and HumbleServant, SAMUEL JOHNSON." "Philadelphia,July i,1771. Secretary of the Society for the Propegation of theGospei,inForeign Parts: Rev'd Sir:—InYork we arebuilding anelegant Churchwhich willbe compleated by the Fall.Itisa brick building54 feet in front and 36 feetindepth.This you will acknowledge is a great undertaking fora few families.It is true we received considerable assistance;yet the subscription among ourselves were more liberal than I remember to have seen upon the likeoccasions.Indeed,such alove for the Church such a zeal to promote its interests,so much publicspirit upon all oc- casions prevails among thissmall but worthy set ofpeople,that I cannot help but think myself happy in my presentsituation.The Ladies toohave their subscrip- tions,and being no less impatient to see the work compleated,are providing for a pulpit Clothand Cushion,a deskCloth,Cloth for theCommuniontable,etc. I am Rev'd Sir,etc. , JOHN ANDREWS." 348 FIRST CHURCHES OF YORK. The BuiIvDing of St.John's Episcopal Church. FromtheMinutes Recorded in 7777 iii thefirst Church Record. "A Stateofthe ProceedingsoftheCongregation ofthe English Episcopal Church in York-Town in Pennsylvania relative to their building a Church in the said Town about the year 1765 a Subscription was opened by the Members of the said Church for the performance of Divine Service according to the Rites and Cere- monies of the Church of England,and Mr.Thomas Jlenshay was appointed to receive the said Subscriptions &c as is usual in such cases;the well disposed of other Religious Societies were applied to for Subscriptions;severalgave Money, some Timber,and some Hawling,but thewhole from suchaswere notofthe Con- gregation that wasgot in York-Town,was inconsiderable. "In the Year 1766 An Act ofAssembly wasobtained fora Lottery for the Eng- lish Episcopal Churches of St.Peters and St.Pauls of Philadel'a and other Churches to raise a Sum of Money topay the debtsdue on said Churches andto finish the same and also to raise Moneytobuild Episcopal Churches inYork-Town and Reading,and repair others.By this Lottery ^315 wasto be raised to help to buildthe Church in York,but as the Lottery Tickets were not all sold the Sum raised by it for York Church wasbut ^257 5 o. "The Membersofthe said Congregationsolicited their Friends inPhilad'a and Lancaster and elsewhere and obtained upwardsof £\^q>.The Rev.Doctor Peters having subscribed ^10 to the Church applied to the Proprietors &gota Lot of Ground in York-Town eighty Feet front 250 Feet in Depth for the building the said Church on and for Burial Ground at the Yearly Rent ofone Shillingifde- manded and the Warrant was granted to Sam'l Johnsonand Thomas Menshay Esqs&to Mr.JosephAdlum,Trustees ofsaid Congregation. "The Church was built under the direction ofMr.Johnson &John Adlum Esqs Mr.Johnston received the Money arising by the Lottery and a fewofthe Subscrip- tions,which he got from particularFriends as appears byhis Account,IMr.Adlum rec'd the Subscriptions ofthe PeopleofYork County,Mr.Thomas Usher having bought theSilverCup for the Sacrament,accountedfor all theSubscriptions which hehad solicited in Philadelp'a and Baltimore though he had not received aconsid- erable Part of them.Mr.Thomas Hartley reed the Lawyers Subscription,a sec- ondandthird Subscription wasopened among the Members of the Congregation after which Money being still wanting The Rev.Mr.Joseph Andrews then the Missionary from the Society for the Propagationofthe Gospel in York and Cum- berland Counties was requested to go to Philadelphia and try toget a further Sub- scription which he accordingly did and thereby wasraised a Sumof Money £yi o 6 with which the principalPart ofthe Debts remaining due on the Church were dis- charged and at the First Opening of the Church a Collection was made which was a further Help to compleat the Work.Thus by very great Exertions the Church has been built and mostly paid for :the Debt remaining due being but a Trifle. "The Ladies of York then subscribed for Hangings for the Pulpitand Desk which was made up by themselvesofCrimson Demask. "The Church beingcompleately finished the Seats were then let out by theYear at a Rent for the Supportof the Ministerofthat Church for the Time being,all other Subscriptions for him being discontinued which Rent was for the most Part regularly paid half yearly until after the presentTroubles came on. "In the Year 1777 a Lot ofGround in saidTown wasgranted by the Honorable ST.JOHN'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH,YORK,1810. iM THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH,YORK,1790-1859. FIRST CHURCHES OF YORK.349 the Proprieters to Rob't Jones William Johnson and George Welsh Trusteesfor the Use of the Missionary of the said Church forthe Time being and forthe Bene- fit of the said Church and for no other Use or Purpose whatsoeverasappear bythe Ticket forthe same signed by Sam'lJohnston Esq." The minutes further show that the first entry ofthe cost of the church was January 21,1769:"To Cash paid James Wilson and John Nelson for quarrying stone,£2:'The structure cost ;^459, ii^d.In 1773 additional land was purchased from Barnet (Bernhard)Spengler,for the sum of /1,9s.The lot of ground aforesaid granted in 1777 was a lot opposite the church,and is still owned by the congregation. This was St.John's Episcopal Church,—a brick structure,(the bricks came from the kilns of Baltzer Spengler,Sr.)unpretentious in architecture,and one of the only four in the Colony of Pennsyl- vania outside of Philadelphia.The building faced south towards the alley with the chancel on the north side.In 1810,the chan- cel was moved to the west,and the door placed in the east side. The picture here,represents the church after this alteration. The Ducking of the Tory Rector. During the revolutionary war,(with the exception of a short in- terval)there was no divine service held in the church ;it was for some time used as an arsenal.Being very much out of repair through violence and long disuse,it was after the Revolution again fitted up for a place of worship.One of the first regular clergymen whose names are mentioned in the records wasthe Rev. Daniel Batwell.His residence was at the parsonage house in Huntington,now belonging to Adams County,but he preached steadily to the congregation in York.He was a missionary from England,sent by the Propagation Society,who commenced hisser- vicesin this country a short time before the Revolution,and began his pastorate here in 1774.His feeling,with respect to the war for Independence,but ill coincided with those ofthe people in this neighborhood.Having come from Huntington township he preached at York on the Sabbath,and on Monday morning follow- ing was seized by some rude and boisterous friends of liberty by whom he was,three times,ducked in Codorus Creek. Being freed,he set out on his return to his dwelling house,but 350 FIRST CHURCHES OF YORK. lie had hardly arrived there when a company of armed men from York roughly seized him,and returning confined him in the pub- lic prison.On the ad of October,1777,a memorial from Mr.Bat- well was read in Congress.It set forth,"that on a charge of being concerned in a conspiracy to destroy the continental magazines of this State,he was in custody of the keeper of the Jail of York County,by virtue of committment,until Congress,orthe Supreme Executive Council of this State,shall take further order touching him,or until he should be otherwise discharged according to law.""It appealed to Congress,"by the certificate of Dr.Jame- son,"that the memorialist was so much emaciated by a complica- tion of disorders that his life would be endangered unless he would be removed from the jail."'Congress,however,referred the mem- orial to the President and Supreme Executive Council of this State,in the meantime permitting him to remove from the jail, and receive every indulgence,yet still remaining in safe keeping. After some time Mr.Batwell was released,and returned to Eng- land.Though his political views did not coincide with those ot Americans,yet it is due to his worth to say,that he was an accom- plished scholar and a good man.After his return,he obtained a church preferment in the county of Kent,where he ended his days.In 1810,a small house was erected near the church for the use of the sexton.In removing the pulpit,several pounds of powder were found concealed under it;probably placed there in the beginning ofthe revolution by some one who had evil designs upon the Rev.Mr.Batwell. It was at this church that Generals Gates and Wilkinson met in 1777 to fight a duel.^The church bell,of patriotic history,was a gift of Queen Caroline,and was first hung in the Court House tower.^ The Story of the German IvUTheran Church Bell. When the first German Lutheran church of York,aforesaid, was built in 1744,it was found necessary to have a bell,not only as an ecclesiastical adjunct,but as a most serious need where the '3Pa.Ar.N.S.109to116,122. 2Note 55. 3Note 37. FIRST CHURCHES OF YORK.351 congregation was so widely scattered.The Palatine Lutherans of New York,then worshipping on the corner of Broadway and Rec- tor street,near where the Trinity Episcopal church now stands, had two bells,and thoughtful of their distant brethren,they sent one from their own belfry to Yorktown.Through the woods and over the hills it came on a tediousjourney,arriving late one sweet spring night in 1745.It was Saturday night,and too late to leave the bell safely at the church,so the weary teamsters sought aid to unload it at the brew-house where assistance was sure to be found. The brew-house was then an industry of our town,and was located on the rear oflot 141 South Water street,abutting on the Codorus, and adjoining an alley and the tannery of Michael Doudle on the south.It had been established by the two Barnitz Brothers,John George Carl and Leonard,who were influential all through the county,and it was largely due to their energy that the church was built;and here on a Saturday night,the fathers of our little hamlet gathered to luxuriate in beer and gossip. It was customary in those days of leather breeches to test the quality ofthe beer by pouring a spoonful of it on a wooden bench, and then sitting down upon it ;if weak in malt,the tester could easily rise;but if strong and full of vigor,he would stick fast. On this night the beer had been tested and found adhesive,but the advent of the bell caused such excitement that even the lusty beer could not keep a man in his seat.The bell was brought into the brew-house,turned upside down,and filled to the brim with strong,newly-tapped beer,and here the whole village came to drink its welcome amidst great rejoicing.The next day it was carried to the church in processional triumph,where it was duly christened by the pastor,and for ninety years its call rang over the woodlands. How much of this tradition is fiction cannot be estimated,but the fact that the character of the early settlers is fairly painted, and all the surrounding circumstances corroborated,give a color- ing of truth to the whole. NOTE 26. (page 144- ) Early Distilling and Threshing in York County.' Early Distilling. "The successful introduction of rye,and the gradual increase in the cultivation of Indian com,led to thebusinessof distilling liquorfrom these cereals.Wheat was also used in distilling.In fact among the agricultural classes,itwas a very important industry,especially with the Germans and the Scotch-Irish.As early as 1770,there were sixteen distilleries in Dover Township,eighteen inManchester, and equally as many in Hellam,Windsor,Shrewsbury,Manheim and Codorus Townships.Whiskey after beingmade was hauledto Baltimore.Theindustrious Teuton and the impetuous Hibernian or Scotchman did not fail in those days to quench his own thirst with someof the inspiriting fluid.It wasavery common drink among the agricultural classes,and considered a necessity at harvesttime. The whiskey of those days,it is claimed,was pure and undefiled.Those were halcyon days for the manufacture of whiskey.No internal revenueassessorneed apply.Strange as it may seem,the Friends used it,but woe untothe one who drank too freely.He wassure to be "put out of meeting."There are a number of cases in the records of the Newberry and Warringtonmeetings,of members of the society of Friends,being 'brought before meeting'for imbibing too freely of ardent spirits.It was necessary forthem to make apublic acknowledgment of it, and they were then excused. "The business of distilling greatly increased.At first rye was mostly used. Then corn was found to be especially valuableforthe samepurpose.From 1810 to 1840,nearly one-fifthof thefarmers of York Countyowned a 'copper still,'by which they distilled their own cereals into whiskey and hauled it to Baltimore. Hundreds of these stills were made in York and Hanover." Threshing Machines. "Theintroduction ofthe threshing-machine,superseding thelaboriousmethods of trampling with horses and pounding with the flail,was a great curiosity.At first only the wealthy farmers boughtthem.Laboringmen and fogy farmersop- posed them as an innovation,injurious to the interests of the poor man.Itwas not many years,however,beforeall enterprising farmers used them,andthe labor- ing man found his task much easier.The samediscussion arosewhenotherlabor- saving machines were invented.'Taking bread out of the poor man's mouth,' was the cry.Most men now would rather not put the bread intothe mouth at all, >Gibson'sHistory ofYork County. EARLY DISTII.I.ING AND THRESHING.353 than return totheold methods of sowing,harvesting and threshing the crops.It is quite probable that the ancient Egyptian could thresh and clean his grain,3,000 or4,000yearsago,aswellasthe York County farmercould before the introduction of the threshing-machine,whenfromsistotwelvebushelsper day were what one man could thresh out with the flail.Bytreading with horses,hecould possibly treble this amount.Then came thehorse-power,threshing first 100,then 300 or more bushels per day and cleaningit ;finally,the steam thresher of to-day,trav- eling from farm to farm,and threshing600,Soo,and sometimes 1,000 bushels in a day,or 50,000 bushels in ayear." NOTE 27. (page 144- ) Account of the Personal Estate of BaltzerSpengler, Deceased,Filed in 1772. The Administration Accotnpt of Baltzer Spengler,Junior and MichaelSwoope, Esquire,Executors of the Last Will and Testament of Baltzer Spenglerlate of York County Yeoman Deceasedas wellofall and singular the Goodsand Chattels Rightsand Credits which were of the said at the timeof his Death which came to their Hands Possession orknowledgeas of their Payments and Disbursements out of andagainst the Said Estate as follows: — The Said Accomptants charge themselves with all and Singular the Goods and Chattels Rights and Credits which were of the Said Deceased at the Time ofhis Death according to an Inventory and appraisnient thereof Exhibited into and re- maining in the Registers Office atYork amountingto^822 2 4 Also with the Amount of Salesof the Said Goodsand ChattelsSold at Vendue exceeding the Appraisement thereof(including all the Grain whichremained un- thresh'd and the other Articles in the Appraisement of which the Sumsare not set downamounting in thewhole to ^135 14 <)% Also with the Sum which GeorgeSpengler was Orderedtopay out of the Tract of Land to him Devised in and by the Said Last Will andTestament£2$o o Alsowith the Sum which Rudolph Spengler wasOrdered to pay outoftheHouse and Lot to him Devised in and by the Said LastWilland Testament/^50 o o Also with Interest received on a Bond &c £8 2 6 ^1040 19 7i¥ Item The Said Accomptants Pray an Allowance for their Several Payments and Dis- bursementsofand against the Said Estate as follow: — forCash paid Samuel Johnston Esquire Dy.Reg'r for Letters Testa- mentary &c ^159 No,I Cash Paid John Welch....as per Acc't proved and Receipt. . o 18 3 2 Cash paid Mary Seaman....as per do and do o 11 o 3 Cash paidFrancis Bickle as per do and do I 11 o 4 Cash paidUsher and Donaldson for Black Crape as per do.. . o 17 4 5 Cash paid Zachariah Shugart for Crying Vendueasper do...100 6 Cash paid Usherand Donaldson asper Acctprovedand receipt 3 9 3 7 Cash paid Martin Reily....as per do and do 2 12 o 8 Cash paid Elijah Etting as perdo anddo o 17 3 9 Cash paid Henry King as per do and do i 8 2 10 Cash paid Peter Wolf asper do on o 11 Cash paidThomas Hartley Esq an Advice Fee pd i 10 o PERSONAIv ESTATE OF BAI.TZER SPENGI.ER.355 12 CashpaidJoseph Adlum as perAcc't prov'd &do i 12 6 13 CashpaidThomas Armor as per D and do 6 17 2 14 Cashpaid George Rehm....as per D and do 4 16 lo 15 Cash paid Jacob Welchance for Threshing Grain since the Decease ofthe Said Testator asper receipt 5 o 4 16 Cash paid theRev'd Mr.Kurtz for Funeral Sermon do o 15 o 17 Cash paid Michael Hahn for Clkship....per do i 17 6 18 Cash paid Philip Teitch asper do o 5 o 19 Cash paid George Ware—forDiging Grave per do o 5 o 20 Cash paid Jacob Haymakerfor making Cofl5n perdo I 10 o 21 Cash paid George Arther....as per do o a 6 22 Michael Swoope One of the Executors Accompt forSundries got atthe funeral &c 3 11 6 23 Cash paidGeorge Irwin for Sundries got at do i 4 TA 24 Cash paid Elijah Etting for do do per do 100 25 Cash paidLudwig Kraftt asperdo o 5 o 26 Cash paid Francis Koons aLegacy left hisWife in theSaid Last will and Testament asperdo 5°o o also for Sundry Articles Devised tothe Widowfor whichthey Stand Charged in the Inventory 272 17 9 and for Sundries Devisedto Michael Spengler 10 11 6 andfordo Devised toJohn Spengler 47 '5 o also for so much Devised to Baltzer Spengler one ofthe Ex- ecutors &c 20 o o 27 Cash paidRudolph Spengler as per Acct prov'd andreceipt. . 4 11 o 28 Cash paid Catherine Spengler as per do anddo 5 5 9 29 Cash pdCharles Lukens for Survey ofTract of Land Devised to George Spengler by the Said Will 226 30 Cash paid Francis Koons part of a Legacy Left him in the Said Last Will and Testament as perreceipt 50 o o 31 Cash paid Daniel SpenglerasperAcct prov'd anddo o 14 7 32 Cash paid Daniel Spenglera Legacylefthim in the SaidLast Will andTestament per receipt 20 o o also for an Insolvent Debtdue by David Kennedy for which they Stand Charged in the Inventory o 11 10 33 Cash paid George Irwinasper Acct prov'e and receipt 2 10 8 34 Cash paid Jacob Shive....as per Acctdo....and do o 14 11 35 Cash paid Michael Hahn andGeorge Eichelberger Ass'nes of Francis Koonsand Elizabeth hisWifea Legacy Bequeth'd to theSaid Elizabeth 36 Cash paid DavidJameson Esq'r as perAcct provdand receipt 37 Cash paid George Wellerfor Apprais'g&c as per do 38 Cash paid George Weller as....per do Cash paid the Clerk for StatingthisAcct &c Cash paid SamuelJohnston Esq'r forPass'gthis Acct Copy&c By the Orphans Court Fees&c By the Executors Trouble and Expences in Settling said Es- tate &c 100 NOTE 28. (page 149.) Account of the Personal Estate of Magdalena Spengler,Deceased,Filed in 1785. "The Administrators Accompt ofJohn Spengler Executor of the lastWill and Testament of Magdalena Spenglerlate of YorkTownship in the County of York Widow deceased ;as well of alland singular the Goods and Chatties,Rights and Credits which were of the said deceased which came to his Hands,Possession or knowledge,as of hisPayments &Disbursements out of&against the same as fol- lows,to wit : "The said Accomptant chargeth himself with all andsingularthe Goods and Chatties,Rights &Credits which wereofthe said deceased according to an Inven- tory and Appraisement thereofmade &exhibited intothe Registers OfficeatYork, amountingas bythe same Inventory appears,to £iAl i6 6i^ He also chargeshimselfwith the Advance Salesamounting to 21 I 8^ He also chargethhimself with the Interest due on a Bond i 5 o /lyo 3 3 "The said Accomptant also prays Allowance for hisgeneral Paj'menta &dis- bursementsoutofand against the same as follows Vizt By Cashpaid the Register for Letters Testy.&c £I 59 No.I.By do.pd Killiam Small for the Coffinasper Rect 3 00 2.By do.pd Doctor Jameson for medicine &c per do 5 50 3.By do.pd Doctor Morris for do as pr do o 11 4 4.By do.pd Conrad Stoutzeberg for Crying Venduepr do o 84 5.By do.pd Baltzer Spengler funeral expensespr do 5 13 6.By do.pd the Rev.Mr.Kurtz forpreachingthe funeral sermon as prdo o 16 8 7.By do.pd Mrs.Swoope for sundries at the funeral as per do 2 29 8.By do.pd Mr.Deitch for attending the funeral as per do o 84 9.By do.pdMr.Dollfor do as pr do o 84 10.By do.pd Christopher Lauman,for Appraising asprdo o 50 By do.pd George Bard for do o 50 By do.pd G.LewisLefler for Clkship i 10 o By do.pd theRev.Mr.Kurtz fordrawingthe Will i 10 o By do.paid forWine Liquor &Sugar at the funeral I 02 o By do.pd Mr.Woer for digging thegrave o 10 o By the deficiency of the weightof the Gold with which he is charged in full amtg.to o 84 11.By Hannah Bickel,as a special Legacy as per Rect 7 17° 12.By Elizabeth Kuntz a do as prdo 7 14 o PERSONAL ESTATE OF MAGDALENA SPENGLER.357 By the Clk.stating this Acct.&drawing lo Releases i 15 o By the Register examining,passing &filing this Acct.fair Copy &c 15 9BytheOrphansCourtFees&c 129 By the Executors Trouble &Expenses&c 3 15 o By Hannah Bickel for nursing the said dec'd duringher Sickness.i 5 o Balancein the Handsofthe Executors tobe disposed ofagreeablytothe Directions of the Testatrix in her lastWill and Testament.. . 121 10 8 £^10 3 3"Exhibited into the Registers OfRce at York the Sixteenth Day of November 1785.By John SPENGtSR,Exec'r." NOTE 29. (PAGE 150.) Horse Races and Theatrical Entertainments in York in the Olden Times. FromthePenn'a Herald and York GeneralAdvertiser. "York-Town,Pennsylvania,June 28,1790."A Purse of Fifty Pounds,to be run over thecourse at this place,onThursday the 30th of September next,free for anyHorse,Mare or Gelding,the fourmile heats,aged horsescarrying ninestone,half astone tobe allowed for every year to the youngest horses :and on the day following a Purse of TwentyPounds,to be run over the same course,free for any Horse,Mare or Gelding,the winning horse ofthe first purse excepted,carrying weight as above,the best three mile heats:and a handsome Sweepstake onthe2nd of October,catch riders,andrunning the two mile heats,free for every Horse,Mareor Gelding,the winning horseof the two preceding days excepted—Five dollars entrance to bepaid for the first Purse,and two dollars for the second,the day before each race,or double at the post,—Not less than fourHorsesto start for either Purse." A Fever Epidemic Postponed the Races of i793- "The Public arehereby informed thatthe York Races as advertised forWednes- day the 30th of Octobernext arepostponed fromaconsideration thatitwould be improper to collect in this place such a number of persons (aswouldmostprobably have attended them)during the prevalence of thepresentragingand malignant fever. "York,September 24,1793." Tragedy,Comedy and Comic Opera in York,in the L,ast. Century. Ftom the Penn'a Herald,York General Advertiser ofDec.23,ijSg. "FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE POOR, Will be performed on Monday evening,the 28th instant,at the Academy,by a numberofyoung Gentlemen ofthis Borough,a Tragedy,called TANCRED and sigismunda. To which willbe added a Comedy,called. The mock DOCTOR ; OR,THE DUM LADY CURED. The entertainmentof the evening to conclude with aComic Opera called, The POOR SOLDIER. EARLY HORSE RACES AND THEATRES.359 "It is hoped,that the undertaking isso laudable,it will meet with encourage- ment:—Thus will the pleasure of rational amusement gohand in hand with the exercise ofCharity. "It is said that charity is best,the consequences of whichis most extensive : — Happy union of circumstances indeed !If,by ourvery amusements,we can con- tribute,even a little,to the reliefof a numberof suffering fellow mortals,to whom a cord ofwood,or a bushel ofgrain would be no triflingacquisition. "Tickets may be had at Mr.Baltzer Spengler's,Mr.Jacob Stake's and Mr.And- rew Johnson's,taverns,alsoat this Printing office.—Price one quarterdollar each. "Thedoors will be opened at halfpast fouro'clock,and thecurtain to be raised precisely at halfpast five." Visiting Theatrical Entertainments in York 1791. Traveling theatrical companies in those days played in the Old Court House: "York,November 16,1791. "On Monday last Mr.McGraths Company of Comedians from Virginia and Maryland,late from Carlisle and Harrisburg arrived here:They intend perform- ing a few Nights:the pointed encouragement and very respectable Patronage, theyexperienced in our Sister States as well as this,are lively testimonialsoftheir Merit,and must fully convince thejudicious and liberal,that Dramatic Entertain- ments,properl'v regulated,convey not only rational and elegant Amusement,but are a productive of real utility in polishingthe Tastes,improving the Manners, andcultivatingthe Geniusofthe rising Generation." Tragedy at the York County Academy. "York,April 22,1789. "There will be a public examination ofthe schools of York Academy,on Satur- day and Monday,the 25thand 27thinst.The exercises to begin on each day,at 9 o'clock forenoon.On the evening of Monday,the pupils of the Academy will perform the celebrated tragedy ofCato—towhich will be acded the pleasing enter- tainment ofthe Mock-Doctor.The airs,set to music by Mr.Dyche,who will also perform on the violin betwixt the Acts,accompanied by younggentlemen of the town on German flutes.Tickets at oneQuarter dollar each to behadat Captain Andrew Johnson's and at the doorofthe Academy,which willbe opened on said evening at 5 o'clock." Theatre. "On Thursdayevening the 17th instant,Mr.McGraths Company of Comedians, will open the Theatre at the Court House,elegantly andsuitably prepared with the celebrated Tragedy OF DOUGLAS, (WRITTEN BY THE REV.DOCTOR HOME) Preceding the Play,A Moral defense ofthe Stage addressed to the United States, 360 EARIvY HORSE RACES AND THEATRES. To be delivered by Mr.Fitzgerald,At the end of theHay aHumerous Disserta- tion on Jealousy Mrs.McGrath,To which willbe added aComedy ofthree acts called, BARNEBEY BRITTLE A WIFE AT HER WITS END The Doors to be opened at six,and the Curtain to raise at half past six O'clock precisely—Tickets to be had at the Printing Office at Dunn's Tavern,and of Mr. McGrath, Nomoney will be taken at the Door N.B.Mr.McGrath begs leave to observe,that not being lucky enough to see any ofthe Commissioners (ofwhich John Spengler wasone)previous to his send- ing the above Advertisement for Insertion,he has advertised it on the following principles—The Approbation ofsome very respectable Inhabitants,and his Design of appropriating the Profits of the Third Night's Exhibitions for the Benefit of any Public purposethe Magistrates of theTown may choosetoapplyit. Tuesday Morning November 15 1791." NOTE 30. (PAGE 156.) Old Time Fires and Fire Companies in York. Newly Discovered Material and Unpublished Documents. Errors Corrected.But One Fire Engine in York in 1789.The Bucket Brigades.Extinguishing Fires BY Our Forefathers.The Question of Sen- iority.The Female Firemen of York in 1803.Regulations for Chimneys and Chimney Sweepers.Minutes of THE "Sun"Fire Comp.'vny,1772. The Glorious Record of THE "Sun"and "Hand in Hand"in the Revolution. IN December,1770,when York had a population of about 1400, a meeting was held at the Inn of Baltzer Spengler,Jr., "Bauer-Meister,"by the leading property holders of York- town,at which was discussed the propriety of organizing a fire company.In January,1771,another meeting was held,of which Gen.Henry Miller was chairman,and the organization was perfected under the title of the Sun Fire Brigade of Yorktown. The following enrolled themselves as members: Henry Miller,Baltzer Spengler,John Shultz,Conrad Moul, Michael Hahn,Jacob Doudle,Ignatius Leightner,Frederick Houseman,Henry Walter,John Hay,Charles Lukens,Andrew Billmeyer,Gottlieb Zeigle,Solomon Schmuck,George Stake, David Candler,Peter Dinkel,George Moul,Michael Welsh,John Morris,Valentine Lees,Michael Weider,Rudolf Spengler,and Michael Graybill.All enlisted in the Revolutionary War except Conrad Moul,Solomon Schmuck and Valentine Lees,who were then probably dead. 362 OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. The rules of the "Sun"of April 3,1772,prescribed that: "Each member was to Provide at his own proper Charge TwoLeathern Buckets, one Bag and one Convenient Basket;the Bag to be made of good Ozen-brigs (Osnaburgs)or Wider linnen,whereofeach Bag shall ContainTwo Yardsatleast, and shall have a running stringat Mouth,which said Buckets,Bags,and Baskets shall be marked with our Names respectively and Company,and shall be kept ready at hand and applied to no other use then for preserving our own and our fellowTownsmen's Houses,Goods and Effects in Case of Fire aforesaid." On account of their antiquity and historic value,the minutes of the Sun Company from 1772 to 1775,now in the possession of Dr.Thomas Hay,of Philadelphia,great-grandson of John Hay, are herein subjoined. In August,1772,a "water-engine"was purchased by the in- habitants in Philadelphia,for the "Sun;"the machine was six feet long,six feet high to the top of the gallery,mounted on four low wheels,worked by levers,one on each side,was painted red, save the two sides of the gallery,which contained on each side a painting representing a "Laurel Wreath,"enclosing a picture of the rising of the "Sun."After 1790,there were two side lever gallery fire engines in York. The fire apparatus in those days was usually restricted to side lever gallery fire engines of insignificant power and dimensions, and,in the inland towns,were most commonly superannuated machines,which had been discarded by the authorities of larger cities to make ready for new and more powerful ones,and which had been picked up cheaply by the rural municipalities.In 1773, an engine house was erected for the "Sun"engine on the lot on North George street,adjoining the dwelling of John Hay,lately the entrance to Herman &Hake's livery.On occasion of fire,the bell in the belfry of the German Reformed Church was sounded until July 4,1776,'after which the bell in the Court House tower was rung.The "Hand in Hand"bucket,basket and ladder fire company originated in the summer of 1772,and when the "Sun" engine was procured,it became auxiliary to that company in pass- ing filled buckets to the engine at fires. EVOLUTION OF THE FIRE ENGINE. OI<D TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES.363 Fire Buckets for the Public Buildings of York in 1773. Membership of the Hand in Hand Company. The following petition and order,discovered by the writer,and in his possession,among Court House papers,is published for the first time;it shows that the purchase ofthe first York Fire Engine was prior to January,1773,and that of the twenty-six petitioners, sixteen were,1771 and 1773,members of the "Sun"Company. The remainder:George Eichelberger,Samuel Nelson,Andreas Urbinger,William Bailey,John Kean,Heinrich Wolf,Thomas Hartley,William Scott,Michael Doudel and Francis Jones were doubtless members of the Hand in Hand Fire Compamy. "To the Worshipful!the Justices ofthe County CourtofGeneral QuarterSes- sionsofthe Peace held at York for the County ofYork thelastTuesday ofJanuary in the Yearofour Lordone thousand seven Hundred and Seventy three. THE PETITION OF A Numberof the Inhabitants of York Town. Most Humbly Sheweth That they have been at a considerable Expensein Providinga Water Engine and a number of buckets for the common use of this Town,butthat at a Fire which lately broke out in the Town ofYork aforesaid,they experienced the Fatal consequence of not having a sufficient NumberofBuckets,and Your Petitioners haveing understood that no Bucketshave yet been provided (which they humbly concieve would be very necessary)to Preserve the Court House,Gaol andother Public Buildings in the Town ofYork aforesaid fromthe like accident. Therefjre Humbly Pray your Worships approbation,and that you would be pleased to recommend it to the Grand Juryand the Commissioners and Assessors ofYork County to have a sufficient number ofBuckets made for the Purpose. And Your Petitioners as in Duty bound Will ever Pray Etc.—Geo.Eichelberger; Mich.Swoope;Baltzer Spengler;Samuel NeLson;Fridrich Housman;Jacob Daut- tel;Andreas Urbinger;Chas.Luke.is;George Stake;David Candler;William Bailey;Michel Weider;John ShuUz;John Kean;Joseph Schmidt;lienry Miller; George Monl;Heinrich Wolflf;Thos.Hartley;Valentine Lees:Migal Welsh; Will.Scott;Peter Dinkel;Michael Doudle;Henry Walter;Francis Jones." "January 30,1773,the Commiss'rsagreed with .\mbrose Updegraff to makeone hundred Leather Fire Buckets to be marked C.B.for the protection ofthe Pub- lick Buildings in York Town at 26 Shillings a pair—the said Ambroseagrees to make one dozen which are to be examined and if found good tomake another Dozen and so on until all are made,and Jacob Doudle became Security for the said Ambro.e at thesame time.JOHN NESBIT, MICHAEL MILLER." The Continental Congress,while in session here,1777-8,''Re- solved^that an appropriation of $50.00,Continental Currency,be granted to the fire company of Yorktowu having on its engine a 364 OI.D TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. laurel wreath."According to a manuscript of Col.John Hay,of the Revolution,a meeting of the three fire companies was held in June,1780—the "Laurel,the Federal and the Union,"—and a request was made of the town officials for fire buckets,which was refused. The Question of Seniority. The Laurel Company of the present day,claims that the "Sun" changed its name to that of "Laurel"prior to 1780,a claim that is supported by the records,and the legitimate presumptions that can be drawn from them.Gen.Henry Miller,who was the first Chairman of the "Sun"in 1771,was also the first Chairman men- tioned in the first now existing minutes of the "Laurel,"of 1790. Andrew Billmeyer,Charles Lukens,Gottleib Ziegle,and Michael Graybill,of the "Sun"of 1771 were members ofthe "Laurel"in 1790.The designation given by the Continental Congress to the "fire company of Yorktown,having on its engine a laurel wreath," was presumably the reason for discarding the old name and assum- ing the new. The "Hand in Hand"fire company of 1772,changed its name to that of "Federal"before 1780,or else it did not exist at the lat- ter date;for the three companies in York in 1780 and 1803,were the "Laurel,"the "Federal"and the "Union."The "Federal" afterwards became the "Active,"and had its engine house on the east side of South Beaver street,two doors north of King.As late as 1843 it was sometimes designated in the newspapers as the "Hand in Hand."From 1824 to 1845 the engine house of the "Laurel"was at the Northwest cornerof Market and Dukestreets. The "Vigilant"company of to-day claims to be the legitimate descendant of the "Union,"—a claim supported by certificates,by tradition,and by every presumption of fact.The change of name was made in 1816,and the first minute of the "Vigilant"fire com- pany is dated December 18,1816,and the first-mentioned President elected,was Philip Smyser,December 8,181 7.The first minute book contains the recorded actions of the company to January 5, 1842.The "Union-Vigilant"engine house before 1834 was on the south side ofMarket street,two doors west of Water,a picture of which will be found hereinafter. OI.D TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES.365 The following certificates were obtained in 1856 to sustain the claim of seniority by the "Vigilant"company : No.I. "I do certify thatI worked at the brakes ofthe engine belonging to the Union Company (now called Vigilant)inJuly,1797,and atthattime there was noLaurel in existence. "York,March 13th,1S56.JESSE SPANGLER, Witness,Aged 81 years." JERE CARL. No.2. "I do certify that I do distinctly remember the building of the Laurel engine by Mr.Welshans,which occurred after orsince A.D.,1800. "York,March 13th,1S56.JOHN W.SCHLOSSER,Age 70 years. Witness,MARTIN SPANGLER, JERE CARL.Age 74 years." No.3. "I do certify that I remember di,stinctly the building of the engineby Mr. Welshans for the Laurel and am positive that theengine belonging to the Union (afterwardschanged to Vigilant)was considerableolder,and thatthe organization known as the Vigilant Fire Company existedsome years previous to the Laurel Fire Company. "York,March 13th,1856.JOHN KRABER,SR., Witness,JERE CARL.Age75 years." No.4. "I came to York at the age of 12 years to learn the clockand watchmaking businesswith Elisha Kirk in the year 1784 ;at that timethe Mason appeared to be in use several yearsand was repaired several times by the handsof Elisha Kirkup to the year 1791. "In the year 1796 or '97,I wasengaged to make a brassgoose neck andother repairs tothe amountof{40. "In the year 1S03 it was in activeserviceatthe burning ofbarns in the alley be- tween Water and Beaver streets and Marketand Philadelphiastreets. "This sameengine was called 'Little Mason,'Union and Vigilant afterwards. "The Welshans enginewas not built untilafterthe burning of the German Re- formed church. "York,March 13th,1856.JONATHAN JESSOP. Witness,JERECARL." 366 OI.D TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. No.5. "I do certify that the Fire Company whose engine house was standing where myresidence now standsisthesameas nowknownas the'VigilantFire Company.' "York,March 13,1856.M.DOUDEL. Witness,JERE CARL." No.6. "I do certify that the engine called the 'Mason 'was the onlyone inservice at the burning ofthe German Reformed church,A.D.,1797. MARTIN DANNER. Witness,JERE CARL,1856." No.7. "We distinctly remember the changing of thename 'Hand in Hand 'Fire Co., to 'Active.'JACOB BARNITZ, "York,March 13th,1856.DANIEL SMALL. Witness,JERE CARL." No.8. "We certify that we were membersof the 'Vigilant Fire Co.,'when the engine housestood where Gen.M.Doudel's residencenow standsand was kuown thenby the name of'Union,'and we were present at the meetingof the company heldin the Lancasterian School House in 1816 when the name waschanged by a close vote of the companyto 'Vigilant 'and that we still continued for some years after- ward members of said company and as far as organization the company was the same.J.M.JESSOP, "York,March 13th,1856.PHILIP SMYSER. Witness,JERJE CARL." As to certificate No.i;ifJesse Spangler meant that the Laurel engine and fire company were not in existence in July,1797,his statement is disproved by the minutes ofthe L,aurel,which show- meetings of the company on July 8th and I5tli,1797,and the pos- session of an engine. No.2 states that the so-called Welshans engine ofthe Laurel was built about iSoo.No.3 shows that the Union (afterwards the Vigilant)engine was considerably older than the Welshans engine;and asserts that the Union-Vigilant organization existed some years previous to the Laurel.If the Laurel was the succes- sor of the Sun,as the Vigilant was ofthe Union,this assertion cannot be correct. OIvD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES.367 Certificate No.4 asserts that the Mason engine was in service in York about 1782.A note in the first Vigilant minute book states:"Old Vigilant,now in Dover,built in Philadelphia,1778, by Mason."If it was built in 1778,it could not have been the "water engine"of 1772,and mentioned in the petition presented to the Court of Quarter Sessions of York County in January,1773. No.6 asserts that the "Mason"was the only engine in service at the German Reformed Church fire of 1797.If No.7 is correct, then the "Federal"was not the successor of the "Hand in Hand," which is not likely,as the latter was not in existence in 1780 nor in 1803.However,as the "Active"was sometimes called,as late as 1843,t^^"Hand in Hand,"the same designation may have commonly clung to the "Federal."No.8 locates the Union engine house,gives the date of the change of the name to Vigi- lant,and the identity of the two organizations. Lamentations in 1789.But One Fire Engine Then in York. According to the subjoined communication there appears to have been,in 1789,but one fire engine in York,and that in a rickety and unserviceable condition;and the fire companies appear to have fallen into a condition of enervation and inefiiciency—due probably to the refusal of the town authorities to furnish them buckets in 1780. From thePentia.Heraldand York General Advertiser,Feb.2^,i^jSg: "Messrs.Printers :—I am oneof the people who think a great deal and talk little ;my thoughts I Lave often imagined would be useful if laid before thepub- lic ;but as I am a batchelor and consequently a free thinker,I do not know whether I am justifiable in communicating them or no ;however,at all events,I shall venture to lay before 3'ou my last night's dream with a few observations thereon,which,if you think proper to insert itin your truly impartialpaper,will oblige a constant reader. "I imagined that a dreadful and alarmingfirehad broken out,in the most cen- tral part of thisborough,thattheinhabitants being roused at the cry offire,turned out to afford their assistance in extinguishing the flames,but alas !theirassist- ance,I thought proved ineffectual—one exclaimed :'Is there no fireengine in town?'Another 'Aye!for Heaven's sake,let us bringthe engine.'Aftersome considerable delay,the engine was brought,but was found to be entirelyout of repair,therefore could be of no use in putting a stop to the dreadful ravage occa- sioned by the spreading of the most dangerous element.During the confusion and bustle,I thought the flames had expanded to a very great length,and in a 368 OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. short time laid one side of thestreetinashes,and reduced those who,but a few hours before,were in affluent circumstances to a state ofbeggary and ruin. "Now Messrs.Printers,ifsuch a fire was to happen,whatother hopes or expec- tations could we havebut to see our property consumedbefore our faces?Wehave no fire companies,one engine out of repair,and theassistance offered by the in- habitants under no manner of regulation,would bebuttrifling on such an occa- sion.It would give me pleasure,should these observations stimulate a desire iu the inhabitants to form themselves into fire companies,to be undersimilar regula- tions to those in Philadelphia,Baltimore,&c.They may at a triflingexpense purchase another good fire engine,and be always in readiness when the assist- ance may be required.VIGILANS." "York,March ii,1789. "An inhabitant,who has the interest of the borough at heart,issorry to see so judicious a hint as the Batchelor's Dream remain unnoticed,and to find the subject of dancing-gain ground and engross the attention of so many able writers whose shining talents,if employed on some necessary subject,would no doubt be produetive of betterconsequences. "The inhabitants of York,observesa correspondent,are not unlike the inhabi- tants of Carlisle where,in point ofnegligence,they will never be impressed vvdth a true sense ofthe melancholy consequences that may arise from their inattention in notforming Fire companies,till theyexperience asimilarfate ;and whenthe mis- chief is done,we may expect to hearthem make awonderful bustleaboutrepair- ingand purchasing engines,buckets,&c.,&c." From ihe Pennsylvania Heraldand York GeneralAdvertiserofAug.iz,lySg: "We hear theinhabitantsof this borough have in contemplation,a petition to the next session of General Assembly,for leave to raise by the way of lottery,a sum sufiicient to purchase a Town Clock and Fire Engine." The Pennsylvania Herald and York General Advertiser of July 12,1797,in describing the fire of the Wednesday previous,July 5,says: "The fire broke out between 12 and i o,clockin theback buildings ofJohn Hay,Esq.,adjoining his dwellinghouse.From fifteen to twenty houses and the German Presbyterian Church,church organ,bells and records were completely destroyed.' ' This is an error,for the baptismal and marriage record book was not destroyed. "The Court house and Market house were on fire but the flames were extin- guished.Some by incessant labour,kept the fireengine in continuous exercise, whileothers furnisheda constant supply ofwater at thescene ofaction." Glossbrenner,in his History of York County,quotes an account which says:"Some kept the fire engines in continual operation;" but the name of the author,or authority,is not given.It looks like a paraphrased account from the Herald and Advertiser afore- OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES.S69 said,which was the only newspaper then published in York,ex- cept the German Gazette,begun in 1796, That the three fire companies in York,in 1803,were the "Fed- eral,""Union"and "Laurel,"is evidenced by the following paper foimd by the writer amoug the Laurel archives: "Jos.Wampler,Captain.Federal company,i John Daytch,2 John Kreber,3 John Cloyd,4 John Fleger ;Union,i Jacob Ilgenfritz,2 Henry Waggoner,3 John Fundermill;Laurel,Michael Eirich,George Valentine Metzel." This paper is not dated;but its date is established by the fact that Jos.Wampler,Michael Eirich and George Valentine Metzel first appear in the roll of membership ofthe "Laurel"on March 9,1803;and by the further fact that during the reign of incen- diary fires in York of 1803,'the fire companies were con- verted into quasi-military organizations;and this accounts for the appointment of Jos.Wampler as "Captain." The writer found among the papers of Col.John Hay,of Revo- lutionary fame,"A list of the names of the members composing the Active Fire Company;"at least up to 1803 itwas the Federal. The list contains 81 names.The births of three members,viz.: Dr.John Spangler,John Spangler,Jr.,and Martin Spangler (the last two were first cousins of the first),were respectively 1770, 1779 and 1782;and assuming that Dr.John Spangler would not likely be an active member after his fortieth year,this member- ship list was not presumably of later date than 1810;it could not have been of later date,probably about 1805,as the custodian of the list died in April,1810. The assumption that the Active company was the successor of the Federal company is strengthened by the fact,that the name of John Kreber,who was a member of the Federal in 1803,is also found in this list. The name of Michael Edwards is also in this Active list.In his affidavit he states that he left York in 1801—another illustra- tion of the fallibility of the human memory. The rules of the Laurel,of March 9,1803,provided for "Four Engine directors,four Staffmen,to form the ranks and keep them in order—each to have a Black Staffmounted with a Bright ferret oftin;six Hook and Ladder men to have them forwarded with allpossible speed to the place of 370 OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. Fier;two Roof and t'jvo Ax-men to guard the movables—each with a White Staff mounted with a Bright ferrelof Tin;and each membershall provide himselfwith two Leather Buckets." On October 8,1870,the affidavit of Michael Edwards,a centen- arian,was taken.The Laurel minutes ofFebruary 26,1799,show that he was fined izyi,cents for absence.In his affidavit,he says that he was born August 10,1767,in Yorktown,and continued a resident until 1801. "I was an apprentice to Conrad Welshans,agun maker,during my minority, and Mr.Welshans and myself were both members of the fire company then in Yorktown.There was no other fire company then to thebest ofmy knowledge. I do not know when that Fire company was organized;it was organized long be- fore I was a member ofit.I helpedtorepairthe engine ofthe one I belonged to. Jacob Welshans,Conrad Welshans and myself worked at it.I do not know of any other fire company here when I left York to the best ofmy knowledge.' ' The roll of membership of the Laurel,of 1790,does not contain the name of Mr.Edwards.His name in the minutes first appears in connection with the fine imposed in i/gg.Between 1792 and 1797,no action of the company was recorded in the minute book. He may have been a member before 1790—there is no record to show it—but he must have been a member before the fine was imposed in 1799.Jacob Welshans was,on March,1790,elected "the person to take care of the engine."Conrad Welshans was a member on April 2,1790. Mr.Edwards'assertion that there was no other fire company in York in 1801,or prior thereto,is not correct.There is nothing so faulty as the human memory,especially as to dates,and after a long lapse of time;and this fallibility applies as much to the re- spectable certifiers of the Vigilant as to the equally respectable Mr.Edwards. As to what engines appeared at some of the old-time fires might be material on the question of seniority,if the possession of an en- gine in those days had been a sine qua non to the existence of a fire company.But such was not the case;for instance,the "Hand in Hand "company and its successors did not have an engine until after 1800.What is more natural than that the first company should be formed where the centre of population was at the time of formation.That the Laurel had an engine on March I,1790,and subsequent,is incontestibly shown by its existing OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES.371 minutes.In article third of the "articlesof government,"adopted March i,1790,is the following: "That the president shall at every quarterly meeting nominate two Persons who shall eachbe furnished with a key forthe Engine House and who shall on hearing the Cry of Fire instantly repair tothe sameand forward the Enginewith all Expe- dition to the place ofFire." At the meeting of the company Jime 7,1790,"The President not having his Bucket and Basket was fined one shilling,and Jacob Welshans,six pence for not giving notice to Philip Heckert to work the engine."J^t the meeting of September 6,1790;"All members who were absent at the working of the Fire Engine, having given sufficient reasons are excused."September 2,1791: "Absent at the working of the engine,Conrad Welshans,Abra- ham Miller,Henry Sheffer and Michael Graybill,each fined one shilling,paid to the Treasurer." At the meeting of March,5,1792,twelve members were fined for absence,and thirteen for being absent at the working of the engine.At the next recorded meeting,held July 8,1797,a com- mittee was appointed to "Revise and Amend the Rules and Ar- ticles of this Company."On July 15,1797,the committee re- ported the "Articles for the Government of the Laurel Fire Com- pany inthe borough of York,March i,1790,Revised and Amended July 12,1797."These rules also directed the "members on a cry of Fire to instantly proceed the Engine with all expedition to the place of Fire."The rules of March 9,1803,provided for the election of four men as engine directors;and that the engine be exercised once a month from April i to November i,and from November ist to April ist twice a month. There were no recorded minutes between March 5,1792,and July 8,1797.The conflagration of July 5,1797,no doubt aroused the company from its comatose condition,and impelled it to call a meeting three days later for the revision of the rules of 1790. On November 28,1S02,there was a "water-works"display by the York fire companies.The York Recorder,in anticipation, says:"Should the exhibitions meet with encouragement,it is not doubted but the engines will be put in complete repair." The York Recorder,of March 9,1803,^^describing one of the Negro conspiracy fires of that period,says: 372 OI.D TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. "On Monday night,the inhabitants of thisborough receivedanother hint ofthe necessity of keeping the engines and fire companies in order.If things go on at this rate,weshall have exercise enough forthem.Theofficer.s of the corporation have been applied to again and again during the winter to make preparations against accidental fire,but all to no purpose.They sat with their arms folded, until the cry of firestartled them intoactivity ;then no ladders nor hooks were to be found and no engines in order." The York Gazette of Dec.19,1816,designates the Vigilant Company as the "Western Vigilant Fire Company"and states that "the company agreed that the boundary line should extend from the western end of the borough to the west side of Beaver street and shall be called the Western Vigilant Fire Company. Nothing would be more desirable at this time,as it is well known that the engines and all the necessary apparatus are not in repair.There are three engines ;ought it not to claim the par- ticular attention of the citizens to form a company to each ?" The truth is that in the early life of the York fire companies, they were at various periods in a lethargic and somnolent condi- tion,with their apparatus in constant disrepair,due to a want of municipal encouragement and support.But that they lost their identity or organization,is not shown,nor are there any facts from which such deductions can be drawn. By digesting and analyzing the various statements,and discard- ing those that are inherently incredible,and contradict the records—records in law import verity—the subjoined conclusions may be legitimately and safely drawn: First,that the Sun engine was the first in York,and the only fire engine in York in 1789;that the so-called Welshans engine was the Sun-Laurel engine repaired and renovated soon after the fire of 1797;that the Sun-Laurel Company was in the possession of this engine from 1772 until after 1803. Second,that the Union-Mason engine was not in York in 1789; that it was the engine in contemplation in the newspaper article of August 12,1789,and was purchased after that date;that both the Sun-Laurel and the Union-Mason engines were at the time of their arrival in York,both city-discarded and superannuated ma- chines,needing constant repairs,as the statements show;that the Union-Mason engine was the only engine (not the only company) OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES.373 at the fire of 1797;and that the Sun-Laurel engine was at that time in an unservicable condition. Third,that the Sun company was the first in York,the Hand in Hand second,and the Union third. Fourth,that the Laurel company was the successor of the Sun; the Federal of the Hand in Hand,and the Active of the Federal; and the Vigilant of the Union. The writer has neither membership of,nor affiliation with, any of our present fire companies;but facts are facts aud history is history.What boots it which company is Number i ?lu the estimation of the public,that is first which is best,and in this respect the Vigilant is second to none. Extinguishing Fire.s in the Olden Times. Fires in the days of old were not so numerous as now,except during the negro conspiracy of 1803 ;but when they did occur they were intensely exciting.This immunity was mainly due to the fact that few houses exceeded two stories in height,and were therefore easily accessible in every part.Few towns had auy pub- lic water supply,and when fires broke out the only recourse was the nearest pump.The fire apparatus,as already shown,was re- stricted to the side lever gallery fire engine. When fire broke out the alarm was given by the crj'of "Fire ! fire !"at first a faint and solitary voice in the distance,perhaps, but quickly taken up by other nearer and louder voices,shouting the startling alarm as the people poured out of their houses and ran toward the scene of the conflagration,each one vociferating the cry with all their might,as if his salvation depended upon the uproar he raised. When the startling alarm was heard each citizen or some one of his household rushed for the fire buckets,bags and baskets,and dashed with them in the direction of the fire where a dark line was automatically formed,reaching from the chosen pump to the engine.One of these lines was composed of adult men,and well grown youths,who passed the full buckets to the engine ;and tlie other of women and young boys and aged men,who passed the empty buckets back to the water supply,where they were again 374 OIvD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. filled and passed back and forth as long as the exigency required. Great was the competition between the adherents of the rival "Masheens,"to secure the pump nearest the fire,and often lusty were the hustling and wrangling,and sometimes doughty the en- counters that accompanied the struggle for it. The Female Firemen of York in 1803. In describing the extinguishment of a large fire the York Recorder ofMarch 9,1803,says : "The fair sex of this place deservethe highestpraise on such occasions,—they are patternsofexertion,presence ofmind,and patience under fatigue,even tothe men.Twohints to them are necessary,first that if the firebreaks out near anyof theirhouses,instead ofcarryingoff their blankets with the rest of their movables, they should immediately have them well wetted,and given to the men to put on the roofs ofthe houses nearthe fire—this hint they are requested to remember and attend to it when the misfortune happens again.The second advice is,thatwhen they go in the ranks,it is best forthem to take the empty bucket.side;thus their exertions may be longer continued,and they willbe le.ss liable tobe wetted,by the continuous spilling of water,which the hurry produceson the full bucket side of the line." The conspiracy to burn York in 1803,here mentioned,was the result of a negro conspiracy to burn York.Many conflagrations followed,and in consequence organized guards were stationed in every section of the town.The unpublished orders in relation thereto are of profound interest.' Prevention of Fires.Regulations for Chimneys and Chimney Sweepers. In the olden times when wood was the only fuel in use for heat- ing and cooking purposes,chimneys became periodically encrusted with an inflammable coat of soot,which ahigh flame would readily ignite.To avoid ignition it became necessary to scrape this com- bustable substance from the flues at frequent intervals.As the house coverings in those days consisted almost exclusively of shingle roofs,the burning of a chimney would inevitably result in a conflagration more or less destructive. The occupation of chimney sweeping was mostly confined to EVOLUTION OF THE FIRE ENGINE. OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES.375 negroes,whose lusty and musical cries,announcing their occupa- tion,were almost dail}'heard in the streets of York. The menace to property by neglected chimneys,and the occa- sional exorbitant charges of the chimney sweeper,led to the pass- age ofthe following ordinance: From the Pennsylvania Herald and York General Advertiser,York,February, lo,rjgo. "An ordinance for regulatingchimney Sweepers,and preventingaccident which may happenby firewithin the Borough ofYork. "Whereas,the houses and estates ofthe inhabitants ofthe BoroughofYork, are frequentlyendangeredby Chimneys takingfire,and blazing out at thetop,and it isnecessary that such abusesshould be remedied,and a proper regulation made amongst those who undertake the sweepingofchimneys. "Be ittherefore enacted and ordained,by the Burgesses,HighConstable,Assist- ants and Freeholders of the Borough ofYork,in town meetingassembled,(duly notified and convened,conformablyto thecharterconstitution ofthesaidBorough) and by the authority of the same.That no person orpersons,fromandafterthe passage of this act,shall follow thebusinessoroccupationof a chimney sweeper, either by himself,his servants,negroes or others,within thesaid Borough of York, without having first made application to the Town Clerk,forthe time being,and having registered or caused tobe registered,his or their names,and the nameor names of his or their servants,negroes or otherpersons aforesaid,with number affixed,to each and every said name,in abook to be kept for that purpose,and without procuring and receiving from thesaid Clerk,for the timebeing,a certifi- cate ofsuch registry,containing the numberand name ofevery person so entered, imder the penalty of five shillings for everj-day he shall follow hy himself,or cause to be followed by his servants,negroes,orothers,the said business,which said certificate the said Clerk,for the time being,is hereby enjoined tomake out, underhis band,anddelivertothe personorpersons,whoshall apply for the same; and forevery such registry and certificate,he shall receivethe sumofoneshilling, and no more. "And be it further enactedand ordained,by the authorityaforesaid,that every chimney sweeper,shall have and receive for every chimney by him .swept,in the Borough aforesaid,as follows,that istosaj-,for every chimneyofone story nine- pence,for every cliimney passing through two stories,one shilling,and for every chimney passing through three stories,one shilling and three pence,and no more. "And be it further enacted and ordained,by the authority aforesaid,that if any person or persons,whatsoever,within the said Borough,shall set on fire his,her or their chimnies,or suffer them to be done to cleansethe same,or shall suffer them or any of them lo take fire,and blaze outat the top,the same not having been swept within thespaceofone calender month,next beforethe time of taking such fire,every such person or persons shall forfeit and pay the sum of twenty shillings ;and if any chimney shall take fire,andblaze outatthe top,the same having been swept within onecalender month from the time of such takingfire, the person who sweptthe same,either by himself or servants,shall forfeitand pay the like sum oftwenty shillings. "And be it further enacted and ordained,by theauthority aforesaid,that alland 376 OIvD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. every the penalties and forfeitures imposed by virtue of thisact,shall be paid to the Town-Clerk,for the time being,forthe use of the corporation,to be paid in the name of the saidclerk,and recovered before any of the Burgesses of the said Borough,or before any justice in the said Borough,who ishereby authorized to hear,try,judge,and determine the same. "And be it furtherenacted and ordained,bythe authorityaforesaid,that itshall and may be lawful forthe said Burgessesandassistants,or a majority of them,at any other time,to regulate,lessen orincrease,and fix the prices for the sweeping ofchimnies,in such manner as to them shall appear just,and from time to time to publish thesame in the York papers,so that all concerned maygovern themselves accordingly,anything in thisact in that respect contained,to thecontrary,in any wise notwithstanding.Signed byorder of the meeting. J.BARNITZ,Ch.Magistrate. "Enacted into an ordinance,this eighth day of February,one thousand seven hundred and ninety.JOHN DOLL,Jun.T.Clerk." Minutes of the Sun Fire Company—The Firemen of York, 1772-1775. "ARTICLES ofthe SUN FIRE Company In York Town. "The third Dayof April in the yearofourLord one thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy two we whose Names are hereuntosubscribeddo forthe better pre servingourown and Fellow Townsmen's Houses,Goods and Effects from Fire mu- tually agreein manner following.That is to say — "1st That we will each of us at his own proper Charge,Provide Two Leathern Buckets,one Bag and one Convenient Basket,the Bag to be made of Good Ozen- brigs or Wider Linnen,whereof each Bag shall Contain TwoYards at leastand shall have a runing string at the Mouth,which said Buckets,Bags and Baskets shall be marked with our Names respectively and Company andshall bekept ready at hand and applied to noother use than forpreservingour own and our fellowTownsmen's Houses,Goodsand Effects,in Caseof Fire asaforesaid. "That if any of us shall Neglect to Buckets,Bag and Basketsas aforesith or when soprovided shall Neglect to keep them ready for the Uses herein mentioned he shall forfeit and pay unto the Clerk for the timebeing,for the Useof the Com- pany the Sum of one Shilling for every such Neglectexcept anyof them shall happen to belost at a Fire. "That ifany of the Buckets,Bags or Baskets aforesaid shall belost or Damaged at any Fire the same shall be suppliedand repairedout of the Stock of the Com- pany as soon as possible. "That we will all of us upon hereingofFire breaking out Immediately repair to the same with our Buckets,Bags and Baskets and there use our best endeavors to preserve the Goodsand Effects of such of us as shall be in Danger,by Packing the same into our Bagsand Baskets and if more than one of us shall be in Danger at the same time,we will Devideourselvesas near as may be to be equally help- full,and suchof us as may be spared shall assist others,And to prevent as much ae in usliessuspiciouspersons from comeing into and Carryingany such Goodsor OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES.377 Effects outof such Housesasmaybe in Danger.Twoof our Number shall con- stantly attend at the Doors until all the Goodsand Effects,thatcan be saved,are pacht up and sent into some safeplace to be appointed by the ownersor such of our Company as shall be present where one or more of us shall Attend them untill they can be conveniently Delivered to or secured by the Owner. "And upon our first hearing the Cry of Fire in the Night Timewe will Imme- diately cause one or more Lights to be set up in our Window and such of the Company whose Houses may be Thought in Danger shall likewise placeCaudles in every Room to prevent Confusion,and that their Friends may be able to give them more Speedy and Effectual Assistance.And moreover as this Association is intended fora General Benefit we do further agree that when a Fire breaksout in any part ofthe Town ofYork,tho none of our Company their Goodsor Effects may be in apparent Danger wewill Nevertheless Repairthither with our Buckets, Bags and Baskets and give our utmost Assistance to such of our Fellow Townsmen as may stand in Need of us in the same manner as if they were belonging to this Company. "And if it shall appear at the next Meeting of the Companyafterthe breaking outofaFirein the TownofYork aforesaid thatany of our Members Neglected to Attend with theirBuckets,Bagsand Baskets every such Neglecting Membershall forfeit and pay to the Use of the Company the Sum of One Shilling unlesspre- vented from Attending by sicknessorother reasonable Cause. "That we will meet Together in the Eavening of theSecond Fryday in every Month at the Hour of Six from the Month of September till April Inclusive,and at the Hour of Eight for the remainder of the Year and at such place as may be agreed on bythe Company from Timeto Time to consider of what maybe further useful in the Premisses,the Company not tositas suchafterthe Hour of Ten each Eavening. "And if any Member shall Neglect to Meet as aforesaid he shall forfeit and pay to,the Clerk for the Time being for the Useofthe CompanytheSum of one Shil- ling for every such Neglect. "That at our Meetings in April in every Year we will Chose some fit Person of our Company for Treasurer,who shall serve the Company in that Officefor one Yearand shall pay and Dispose of such Monies as shall be Deposited in his Hands for the Company's Use in such Manner asshall beconcluded andagreedon by the said Company at their Meetingsagreeable to the Tenor hereofand shall render a fair and Just Account thereof as often as required by the Company and pay and Deliver the remainingpart of the Companiesstock in his Hands at the Expiration ofthe Year to the next SucceedingTreasurer. "That at every Meeting the former Clerk shall be President,tho if he pleases may Chose one in his stead whose businessit shall betoregulate their Deljates and state the proper Questions when any thing isto be determined by vote,and having collected the General Senseof the Company to Direct such Entries to he made in the Minutes as shall be agreeable thereto And if any Person soChosen for the Companies Treasurer shall refuse to serve in the said Office heshall forfeit and pay the sum of Five Shillings to theuseof the Company,And upon hisrefusal. Death or Departure out of this Province anothershall be Chosen in his place at the next Meeting ofthe Company to officiate for theremainder of the said year. "That we will each of us in our Turns according tothe Orderofoursubscrip- tions serve the Company as Clerk forthe space of onemonth,viz,that iswhose 378 OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. Name ishereunto first Subscribed shall serve firstand so on tothe lastwhose busi- ness itshall betoinspect the Condition ofeach of our Buckets,Bags,and Baskets and make Report thereof at every Monthly Meeting,to collect all fines and for- fei tures accrueing by Virtue hereof,to leave Notice at the Dwelling Houseof every Member of the Time and Placeof Meeting atleast two Hours beforehand, And ifany ofthe Company's Money proposed to belaid out,a New Member to be Admitted or any alteration tobe made to any ofthese present Articles he islike- wise to give Notice thereof in writing as aforesaid to every Member And shall keep fair Minutes ofthe proceedingsofthe said Company in thisBook which hath been provided forthe purpose.And that the Clerk shall be Obliged to Collect all the Fines Accrueing or belonging to the Company for absences atthe then last Meeting except it shall appear that the last proceeding Clerk failed to give the Company Notice as aforesaid.And shall likewise Demand and endeavor to Col- lect all other Fines and forfeitures due to the Company by Virtue hereof.And when his Office Expires shall pay to the Treasi'rer for the Time being allthe said Fines for absensesand all other Sumsby him Collected (except as before excepted) and shall enter the same or cause it to be Entered in the said Company's Bookof Minutes which Book with all the Company's papers in his Custody shall then be Delivered to the next Succeeding Clerk.And ifany Clerk shall Neglect togive such Notices of the Time Place and Businessofthe Meetings as by these presents he is required to give he shall forfeitand pay the sum ofsixPence for every Mem- ber who shall be absent from that Meeting through suchhis Default and ifany Member shall refuse to serve as Clerk in hisTurn as aforesaidhe shall forfeit and pay the Sum of five Shillings to the useof the Company. "That our Company shall not Exceed the Number of Twenty-five at any Time, no Nevvf Member to be admitted,Money to be Disposed of,norany alterations made in these present Articles,untill the Meeting next after the same is first pro- posed andthewhole Company acquainted therewith by Written Notices as afore- said nor without the consent of the Majority ofthe Company then Met and that theTimeofEntering upon businessshallbe halfan Hourafter theTime appointed forthe Meeting as aforesaid. "That each Membershall keep a List ofallthe Subscribers Namesto befixed in open View Nearthe Buckets,Bags and Baskets,under pain offorfeiting six pence. "That all Fines and Forfeituresarisingby Virtuehereofshall be paid unto the Clerk forthe Time beingfor the use of the Company and by himto theCompany's Treasurerat the End ofhis Clerkship to be Common Stock.And if any Member shall refuse or Neglect to pay any Fine or forfeiture aforesaid when Demanded his Nameshall be Raized out and from thenceforth excluded the Company and like- wise pay for the Use ofthe Company the sum ofSeven Shillings and six Pence. "LASTLY,That upon the Death ofany ofour Company the Survivors shall in timeofDangeras aforesaid be Aidingand Assisting the Widow ofsuch Decedent during her Widowhood as if her Husband had been living she only keeping the Buckets Bagand Basket as aforesaid. "That every Member not Appearing at the Expiration of the Appointed Hour shall forfeit and pay one shilling for every such Neglect and ifanyMemberso for- feiting shall afterwards Join the Company he shall Pay an equal shareofthe Reck- oning.Thatthe Clerk who doesnot Deliver the Company's Book of Minutes at least a Week before theTime of Meeting shall forfeit and pay the sum offiveShil- lings. OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES.379 "That every Member shall be finedsix Penceand nomore for everyBag,Bucket or Basket respectively that shall not be found ready when the Clerk of the Time beingfrom Time to Timeshall Call to View them or ifany other Member of this Company shall find them out of their Place at any Time or madeuseoffor any otherpurpose except the useaforesaid. "That ifany Member shall Neglect to give Notice ofhis loss of Buckets,Bagor Basketat any Fire within two Monthsafterit happenssuch lossshall not be made good by the Company.INWitness whereofwe have hereunto set our Hands on the Day andYear first aboveWritten." Michael Hahn,Henry Walter,Rudolph Spengler, Jacob Dowdle,John Hay,Michael Grayble, Baltzer Spengler,Henry Miller,George Stake, Frederick Houseman,John Morris,David Candler, George Moul. All the members did not sign the Articles at this meeting.Ot the twenty-five members of January,1771,mentioned in the be- ginning of this note,Conrad Moul,Ignatius Leightner,Charles Lukens,Andrew Bilhneyer,Gottleib Zeigle and Solomon Schmuck, resigned or died before theadoption of these Articles;and Michael Swoope,Stophel lyowman and Joseph Smith became new members. "On Fryday April thethird 1772 at the Meeting of the Membersofthe Sun Fire Company after haveing Signed the forgoingArticles of this Company,Jacob Dow- dle was Chosen (by a Majority of Votes)to serve asTreasurer forthe Knsuing Year at the same time Delivered to him 27s.paid by the Companyand 7s.6d.by Samuel Edie Esquire for the use ofthe Company,which amounts to £1 4 6. "And it is agreed that each ofthe Members are to Provide themselves withtheir Buckets,Bags and Baskets,agreeable to the foregoing Articles of this Company in three Months from this Day otherwise to forfeit as in the Articles is mentioned unless they have a reasonable excuse (which excuse tobe Determined bythe Ma- jority ofthe Company) "And it is further agreed that the nextMeetingoftheMembers of theCompany, on the Second Fryday in May next shall be at the house of Mr.John Schultz. "Fryday May the Second Annoque Domini 1772 at a Meeting of the Members of the Sun Fire Company at the House ofJohn Schultz." PRESENT MEMBERS. John Schultz,Michael Hahn,Jacob Dowdle, Baltzer Spengler,Frederick Houseman,John Hay, George Stake,George Moul,Michael Welch, Henry Miller,Christophel Lowman,John Morris, Michael Weider,ValentineLeas,Rudolph Spengler, Michael Grayble, ABSENT MEMBERS. Michael Swoope,fined is,pd.Henry Walter,fined is,pd. David Candler,fined is,pd.Peter Dinkel,fined is,pd. "Ordered That the next ClerkofthisCompany give Notice in Writing to each ofthe Members,that anAlteration is intended to be made(ofthetimeofMeeting) 380 OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. in the Articles of this Company and thatsomemoney is proposed to be laid out. And it is furtherOrdered that Michael Hahn geta Ladder made forthe use ofthis Company which is to be paid out of the Company's Stock,and that the next Meeting be at the House ofJoseph Smith. "Fryday June the 12th 1772 ata Meeting of the Membersofthe Sun Fire Com- pany atthe House ofJoseph Smith in York Town." MEMBERS PRESENT. Michael Hahn,Frederick Houseman,George Stake, George Moul,Henry Miller,John Morris, Valentine L,ees,Joseph Smith,JohnSchultz,Clerk. ABSENT MEMBERS. Michael Swoope,pd.Jacob Dowdle,pd.Ealtzer Spengler,pd. Henry Walter,pd.John Hay,pd.David Candler,pd. Peter Dinkel,pd.Michael Welch,pd.Stophel Lowman,pd. Michael Weider,pd.Rudolph Spengler,pd.Michael Grayble,pd. "It appearing to the Company thatthe Clerk hath given Notice in Writingto each of the Members agreeable to the rule of last meeting ofthe Alteration In tended tobe made in the Articlesofsaid Companyand ofsome Money which was proposed to be laid out.It is therefore Ordered (as the s.ime has been Deter- mined by a Majority ofVotes)Thatthe said Articlesremain unaltered,and that the Treasurer of thisCompany pay to Michael Swoope Esquire,four Shillings and Nine Pence for the Book which he provided forthe use ofthis Company.And that the next Meetingshall beat the House ofBaltzer Spengler. " At a meeting of the company on the loth day of July,1772,at the house of Baltzer Spengler,13 members were present,and 8 absent,who paid their fines. At a meeting of the company on Friday,August the 14,1772, at the house of George Stake,17 members were present and 4 absent and paid.Fines for neglect ofduty or absence,unless ex- empted for cause,were invariably and relentlessly imposed and exacted.At this meeting mention is first made of a Fire Engine, which was procured after the last previous meeting.As stated before the Hand in Hand Company,at fires,became,in a measure, auxiliary to the Sun Company upon the arrival in York of this engine.This little side lever engine,in whichwater was supplied by buckets,was a great novelty to the inhabitants;and in order to gratify public curiosity,public exhibitions ot its working were monthly given in Court House Square. "It is agreed by a Majority ofthis Company that Michael Hahn,Stophel Low- man,Baltzer Spengler,and John Haytake care of the Fire Engine Together with the onesappointed in the Hand iuHand Company.It isalso agreed by a Majority ofthe Members presentof this Company thatevery Member shall attend at Court OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES.381 House next Saturday at four O'clock in the aflernoon andso on the Second Sat- urday in every Month from the Month of March untilthe Month of October in every Year (Inclusive)at the sameHour withhis Fire Buckets,in Order to Assist as much as in his power lo have the Water Engine latelybrought to this Town properly worked and in order to have a sufficient Number of Persons Qualified for the Management of the Same,underthe Penalty of forfeiting six Pence for every Days Default of attendance at the Time and Place aforesaid with their Buckets. It is agreed that the time of Meetingof the Members ofthis Company .shall beon the Second Thursday in every Monthand that the next Meeting shall be at the House ofJohn Schultz Innkeeper in York Town." At a meeting of the company on Thursday,the loth day of September,1772,at the hou.se of John Schnltz,14 were present and 7 absent,Michael Swoope and Peter Dinkel having resigned. "It appearing to this Company by the report made by the Clerkthat Michael Swoope and Peter Dinkel have refused to attend this Company as Members and have paid 7-6 each according to the artiles they are therefore excu.sed fromattend- ing which with the fines paid for absent Members makes the Money now in the Hands of the Treasurer amount to Two Pounds Sixteen Shillings and Nine Pence and ordered that Joseph Smith and Michael Grayblepay a fine of-Six Pence each for their nou attendance at theworking of the Water Engine.It is alsoagreed by this Company that at every Meeting of this Company each Membertospend Six Pence and then be excused if he chooses and that no suppers be Provided unless agreed to by the Members at tlieir Meetiug before such Suppersare to be provided and that the Tavern keeper at whose House we shall Meet shall provide forTwelve and if less than that Number agree to Supthe Treasureristo pay out of theStock of this Company for so many suppers as shall be wantingofthat Number. "And that the next Meeting be at the House ofBaltzer Spengler Innkeeper in York Town." At a meeting of the company on Thursday,the 8th day of October,1772,at the house of Baltzer Spengler,15 members were present and 4 absent. "It is agreed by the Companythat four Fire Hooks beprovided and that John Hay undertake to see the same doneand if any expence to be paid outof this Company's Stock and Ordered that a Key be left withJohn Schultz to the Presby- terian (German Reformed)Church,that ifin case a Fire should break outthe bell may be Rung to give Notice to the Inhabitantsof York Town.Michael Dowdle, Jacob Haymaker,Charles Barnett,Peter Reel,Stophel Slagle,and John Bushong are proposed as Members of this Company and ordered that the Clerk give Notice accordingly And Ordered that Jacob Dowdle and Joseph Smith (in Case a Fire should happen)use their best Indeavoursto make People to stand regularly in a Row to carry Water,and make all Idle Persons stand in a Rowor imploy them- selves otherwise to have the Fire exting-uished.And that theNext Meeting be at the Houseof Joseph Smith Innkeeperin York Town." At a meeting of the company on Thursday,the nth day of 382 OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. November,1772,at the house of Joseph Smith,in York Town. 10 members were present and 9 absent. "Paid by the Treasurer of this Company Two SliiUings for vSupper toJohn SchuUz out of the Company's vStock at the Same Time paid to the Treasurer of this Company two Shillingsfines for absent members which makesthe Sum Two pounds Sixteen Shillings and nine pence in his Hands.And it is agreed bythe Majority of the Members Present That the Rule ofProviding Suppers for the said Company be continued at such Innkeepers House where the said Company from Time to Time do Meet,agreeableto the first Rule ofthis Company.And Whereas Michael Doudle,Jacob Haymaker,Charles Barnet,Peter Reel,Stophel Slegle and John Bushong not appearing atthis Present Meeting To be ProperlyAdmitted into MembershipofthisCompany It is therefore Ordered by the Members Present that Jacob Doudle Solicit thesaid Propo.sed Members To be &appear at the next Meet- ing and that Daniel Spengler is Proposed as a Member of this Company.And that theNext Meeting be at the HouseofGeorge Stake Innkeeperin YorkTown." At a meeting of the company on Thursday,the loth day of December,1772,at the house of George Stake,12 members were present and 9 absent. "Paid by Frederick Houseman the fine of Michael Grayble,John SchuUz,and his own 5s.which makes the Money in the Treasurers Hands amount to three Pounds,One vShilling and Nine Pence.The Company appoint Frederick House- ^man to collect all theoutstanding fines and Pay them to theTreasurer at the next Meeting which shall be at the HouseofJohn Schultz.Ordered by the Company that Baltzer Spengler,Michael Hahn and Henry Miller waint upon some ofthe Members of the Hand in Hand Fire Company in order to consult with them con- cerning a Petition to be drawn to the Court of Common Pleas to recommend it to the Grand Jury and Commissioners to have Buckets Provided forthe use ofthe Town.The Treasurer paid 2S.»Shil!ings for Supper which reducesthe sum in the Handstotwo Pounds Nineteen Shillings and Nine Pence." At a meeting of the company,on the 14th day of January,1773, at the house of John Schultz,1 1 members were present and 7 absent,Stophel Lauman having resigned. At a meeting of the company,at the house of Baltzer Spengler, on the nth day of February,1773,16 members were present and 2 absent. At a meeting of the company,at the house of George Stake,on Thursday,the nth day of March,1773,14 were present and 4 absent. "Ordered that Michl Hahn pay is.for not having his Bag and Basket at their proper places,Frederick Houseman,6s.;Jacob Dowdle,6s.;Rudolph Spengler, 6s.;Jos.Smith,6s.;Michl Weider,6s.,for wantof Rags agreeable to the Rules of this Company,and Michl Welch 6d.for not havinga Bag and that the next Meet- ing ofthis Company be at the House ofJohn Schultz." EVOLUTION OF THE FIRE ENGINE. OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES.383 At a meeting of the company,the 8th day ofJuly,1773,at the house of George Stake,7 members were present and 11 absent. "It is agreed bya Majorityofthe MembersofThisCompany that BaltzerSpeng- ler who is Chosen by a Majority to appoint Samuel Nelson to make a Convenient House for the Fire Engine to bekept in,That the Same be Erected and finished before the Time ofOur Next Meeting,and that aiichael Weiderrepair and put in order the Companys Fire Hooks thatwere Brokeatthe Late fire and thatthe Fiie Engine be Worked with proper Hands on Saturday Next at the Hour of Five in theAfternoon,and thatthe Next Meeting be atthe House ofJohn Schultz.Paid to the Treasurer 3s.for the Absent fines of Henry Waller,George Moul and Mi- chael Welsh." At a meeting of the company,the 9th day of September,1773, at the house of John Schultz,9 members were present and 9 absent. "The Members present of the said Company having Adjourned the Business S:c Transactions thereof (except Saving of their fines)until the Nest Meetingby Reason of the County Ticket which at the Same Time and place wasput to Ballot and the Company Voles Requested.Neverthelessordered that the Next Meeting be againat the House ofJohn Schultz." At a meeting of the company,the nth day of November,1773, at the house of John Schultz,8 members were present and 10 absent. "Order by the Majority ofthe Members present That SuppersShall beprovided at everyof the Companys Meetings agreeable to the Companys first Rule and that we will meet Once every Month purstruaut tothe Ruleaforesaid and that we will meet at the Hour of Seven oClock in the evening uutill the first April next &at 8 oClock for the Remainder of theyearand ordered That all the fines for absence of the members or in Default of not having their Bucket Bags Basket or List due order be Collected By Succeeding Clerk and to have the said fines at our Next meeting and also ordered that the Treasurer render unto the Company at the next meeting a True Accompt of the Company's Stock in his hands and thatthe Next meeting be atthe House ofBaltzer Spengler." At a meeting of the company,the 9th day of December,1773, at the house of Baltzer Spengler,7 were present and 11 absent, and paid their fines as usual. At a meeting of the company,the 13th day ofJanuary,1774,at the house of George Stake,1 1 were present and 6 absent,Joseph Smith having resigned. "Joseph Smith appearing at this Meeting Prayed to be excused as a Member paid 7s.6d.and was excu.sedaccordingly.It is ordered by a Majority ofthe Mem- bers Present that we Meet at the Hour of Six from the Month of October till March Inclusive and at the Hour of Seven Novemberand April and for there- mainder of the Year at Eight Henry Walter having lost a Trase at the time the 384 OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. Fire broakout at Buts Town Carrying People Over theWater requested allowance for the same,Ordered that the Treasurer pay him 15s.for the vSame,Ordered that Henry Miller &Henry Walter wait upon Conrad Stoutsberger and desire him to bring the Ladders and Fire Hooks (for whose Use they were took away)to their Proper Place,and if he neglects thatthey have them brought themselves,and it is also ordered that they have the Fire Hooks altered in such manner as they shall think Proper and that they see in whatorder the Water Engine and Buckets are in,and make report to the next Meeting which Meeting is to be at the Houseof John Schultz.Paid Michael Weider 2s.6d.for mending lire Hooks also 3s.for Suppers." At a meeting of the company,at the honse of John Schultz,the loth day of February,1774,15 members were present and 2 absent. "It is Ordered by a Majorityof the Members Present that Rudolph Spengler take care ofthe Water Engine and Keepher in Good Order,he is to take herapart and Oyl her once a Month,he is alsoto keep the Ladders,Fire Hooks in their Proper places and not allow them to betakenaway forany use whatever,unless at the breakingout ofa Fire,without theConsentofSix of theMembers ofthis Com- pany whereof Baltzer Spengler tobe oneif he is in Town forwhich Service the said Rudolph Spengler shall be paid out of this Companys Stock three Dollars, Yearly,and if he neglects to keep the Water Engine in Order,or Ladders and Hooks in their Proper Placeshe shall forfeit and pay tothe use of thisCompany five Shillings for every neglect.Michael Welch paid 7.s.6d.and desired to be ex- cused as a Member,he is excused accordingly,the next to be at the House of Baltzer Spengler." At a meeting of the company,at York,the loth day of March, 1774,at the house of Baltzer Spengler,11 members were present and 5 absent,Michael Welch having resigned. At a meeting ofthe company,at the house of George Stake,the 14th day of April,Anno Domini,1774,6 members were present and 8 absent,John Schultz and Michael Weider having resigned. At a meeting of the company,at the house of Baltzer Spengler, on Thursday,the first day of December,1774,7 members were present and 6 absent. At a meeting of the company,at the house of George Stake,on Thursday,the 29th of December,1774,11 members were present and 2 absent. "Agreed that we Meet togetherat the Court House on the 6 dayof April next and so on the Thursday of every Month at the Sameplace,Andthat in the Mean time we get as many Proper Personsin York Town asweCan to become Members, the Notices to be at 6 O'clock.Agreed unanimouslythat BaltzerSpengler pay a fine of five Shillings for Neglecting todeliver this Book to the Clerk Succeeding him to the Treasurer,He being excused foraReasonableexcuse given from the payment of Fines for not giving Notice to each Member when hewas Clerk— OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES.385 Agreed alsothat each Member attend next Saturday at 3 O'Clock in the afternoon to Work the Water Engine,those failing to attend to pay afine of6d." At a meeting of the company,at the Court House,in York Town,on Thursday,the 6th day of April,1775,6 members were present and 7 absent. The Glorious Revolutionary Record ofthe Sun and Hand IN Hand Fire Companies in York. The above is the last minute in the "Sun"book.Military companies for the Revolutionary struggle were now being formed, and the time of the members was taken up in muster and drill. Nearly all participated in the War of Independence;and no fire companies of the Colonies furnished so gallant a galaxy of distin- guished officers and brave men in that great struggle,*as were evolved out of the Sun and Hand in Hand fire companies of York. The following members of the "Sun"Company were engaged in that war:Michael Swoope,Colonel;Henry Miller,Colonel; John Hay,Lieutenant Colonel;Charles Lukens,Major;John Morris,Surgeon;Michael Hahn,Captain;Rudolf Spengler,Cap- tain;Stophel Lauman,Captain;Baltzer Spengler,First Lieut. File:George Moul,Michael Grayble,Gottleib Ziegle,Michael Weider,Michael Welsh,Peter Dinkel,John Shultz,David Candler, Henry Walter,Frederick Houseman,Andrew Billmeyer,Jacob Doudle,George Stake,and Ignatius Leightner.Only three mem- bers'names are not found in the newly discovered Revolutionary Muster Rolls,"viz :Conrad Moul,Valentine Lees,and Solomon Schmuck,who were probably incapacitated for active duty or dead. Of the ten known members of the original Hand in Hand Fire Company,of 1772,'all were in the service of the Revolution ex- cept Andreas Urbinger,viz:Thomas Hartley,Colonel;William Scott,Major;George Eichelberger,Captain;Michael Doudle, Captain;William Bailey,Captain.File :Samuel Nelson,Heinrich Wolff,Francis Jones and John Kean. The Active Fire Company,1805. "A list of the Names of the Members composing the Active Fire Company," (about 1805). 'Note 34.2Note 34.^Ante.Jpp.363,382. 386 OLD TIME FIRES AND FIRE COMPANIES. "Wm.Ross,Jno.Hay,jr.,John Danner,Wm.Kirk,Hy.Irvine,Jas.Smyth, Michael Weidner,Jacob Upp,Jno,Meyer,Geo.Caruthers,John Welsh,(taylor), Jno.Small,Jno.Smyser,Geo.Laub,Jeremiah Fugit,Jas.Shall,Charles Fisher, Thomas Taylor,jr.,Geo.W.Clark,Jno.Welsh,(hatter),Abr,Beidelman,Jno. Spangler,(Dr.),Geo.Kuntz,Jacob Stoehr,Jno.Small,Hy.Kremer,Jno.Koch, Adam Staub,Geo.Klinefelter,Jno.Laer,Richard Koch,Tobias Fahs,Hy.Small, Walter Lawrence,Jno.Youse,Wm.Meem,D.Sheffer,Jno.Lottman,Geo.Lott- man,jr.,Jacob Wampler,FrancisJones,Benjn.Shawb,Chs.Stroman,Adam Leit- ner,Michl.Edwards,Jacob Leitner,George Stoehr,Robt.McClellan,Israel Upde- graff,Jno.Stewart,Hy.Lenhart,Joseph Harry,Jos.Morris,Martin Spangler,John Kreber,Geo.Rothrock,Andw.Nebinger,Hy.Mundorif,John Spangler,jr.,Jno. Yost,Sam'l Long,Thos.Baumgartner,Jacob Waltemeyer,John McCleary,Dan'l Doll,Geo.Breneisen,John Wolff,Eli Benisn,Peter Zeigler,Jacob Horn,Michl. Miller,Rich'd Campbell,Hy.Brooks,Rt.Caruthers,G.Pennington,G.Stake, Geo.Fry,Thos.Nevans,Mahlon Kirk,A.Leitner,jr.,Jacob Welsh." Francis Jones ofthe "Hand-in-Hand"of 1772-3,was a member of the "Active"of 1805;and John Kreber,of the "Federal"of 1803,is also found in this list—facts in confirmation of the as- sumption that the "Hand-in-Hand"was succeeded by the "Fed- eral,"and the latter by the "Active." NOTE 31. (page 156.) Conspiracy of the Negroes to burn York in 1803. Unpublished Instructions to the Guard. ON the 23d of February,1803,a negro woman,named Margaret Bradley,was convicted of a misdemeanor in attempting to poison Sabina Bentz and Matilda Bentz, both of York,and in consequence was sentenced to un- dergo an imprisonment of four years in the penitentiary at Phila- delphia.The negroes of York,being dissatisfied with the above conviction and sentence,determined to have a kind of revenge on the whites,and sought it in the destruction of their property. They conspired together to burn the town of York,and almost succeeded in their purpose.So secret and artful was the conspi- racy,that though the fires were known to be the work of incendi- aries,yet no suspicion was for a long time attached to the blacks of the place.On nearly every successive day or night,for about three weeks,they set fire to some part of the town;but through the incessant vigilance and unwearied exertions of the citizens, their dark designs were frustrated.Numerous patrols were estab- lished ;strong guards were kept on foot by the citizens,and the Governor ordered out a detachment of militia,which was con- stantly on duty.In the extinguishment of these fires the women took a conspicuous part.' Indeed,so great was the danger,and so high had the public fear arisen,that they ofTered,by proclamation on the 17th of March, the sum of $300.00 to any person who should discover those who were engaged in the conspiracy of burning the borough.But happily for the town,suspicion had already been attached and ar- rests made,which were followed by confessions.A negro girl, who had received instructions to set fire to Mr.Zinn's bam at 388 NEGRO CONSPIRACY TO BURN YORK IN 1803. twelve o'clock,mistaking midday for night,perpetrated the deed at noon ;in consequence of which unconcealed crime,(for she openly carried a pan of coals in the barn and scattered them over the hay,)she was arrested,and confessed herself guilty,thereby lending a key to the conspiracy.Several other negroes were im- mediately arrested on suspicion,and during the following week,a number more cast into prison,some of whom confessed.Fires now ceased to be kindled,and peace and safety were again restored to the town.The persons apprehended lay in jail until May, when their trial came on in the Court of Oyer and Terminer. One indictment was prosecuted against twenty-one negroes and mulattoes for the crime of arson,that is house-burning,a part of whom were convicted and sent to the penitentiary for a goodly length of years. Thus ended this dark conspiracy,which for a long time baffled discovery. Among the properties burned were those of Richard Koch,Mr. Edie,Dr.John Spangler,Widow UpdegrafF,Mr.Zinn,Rudolf Spengler,George Lewis L,effler and Philip Gossler.The York County Academy was also set on fire,but the flames were quickly extinguished.' Unpublished Rules and Instructions to the Guards in the Negro Conspiracy to Burn York in 1803. Committee.—Jacob Hay Esq.Wm.Ross Esq.Conrad Laub Esq.Martin Kreber, Geo.Hay,Jas.Kelly Esq.Godfrey Lenhart,Jno.Fisher,Junr.David Cassat Esq. Danl.Spangler,&Dr.John Morris,be and are hereby appointed &recommended to form rules and regulations concerning the Guards to be kept in the borough of York,&their necessary ordinances &c,which said Committee are requested to take the Premisesintoconsideration immediately andappoint a plan of meeting— byorder of the Burgesses PETER MUNDORFF \t,^,,„„»RUDOLF SPENGLER j ^^^S^^^^-^- CHRISTOPHER LAUMAN\,„:,..„.,March 17th 1803.ABRAHAM GRAFIUS ) Assiswnis. "Rules to be Observedby the Capt.&his Guard. "When the Capt.&his Guard meet at the Court Houseat 6o'clock in the eve- ning,the Capt.will divide his Guard into as many reliefs as the number of his Guard will allow but hisrelief never to consistof less than sixteen—viz.eight for the northside of the Town and eight for the south;the Capt.will appoint two persons,one for the north side,one for the south whose duty it will be toplant his ^Glossbrenners History. NEGRO CONSPIRACY TO BURN YORK IN 1803.389 Centinels,give them their respective distances to walk,&when relieved he will commence at the East endof the town,and so go on relieving until he relieves the last man,who will be nearest the Bridge ;the old Guard then returning will actasa patrol,&search carefully the alleys &stables on their way to the Court House.The Capt.will,as often as he thinksproper,sendout patrols independent of thosementioned above,every person forming the Guard must strictly obey all orders;if he refuses to go onguard or Patrol,the Capt.willremark the same and give notice thereof to the Burgesses,whowill compel the payment of 7s.i6d.for such disobedience.The Capt.will take care in sending out the reliefs,that the Guards on the North and Southwill not be relieved at the same time.The Capt. will give the countersign to the Guard when they first go out,but they must not challengeuntil 9o'clock,after which time the Guard will takeup every person who has not the countersign unless they can give a very satisfactoryaccount of themselves. 'The Drum at 9o'clock at the Court House will beatthe tattoo which will be the signal for the citizens to retire and the Centries to challenge. "The above rules were adopted by the undersigned,a Committee appointed by the Burgesses for that and other purposes. WM.ROSS DANIEL SPANGLER Dr.JOHN MORRIS GODFREY LENHART D.CASSAT. JAS.KEIvLY GEORGE HAY MARTIN KREBER" NOTE 32. (PAGE 156.) Hon.James Smith. HON.JAMES SMITH was about ten years old when his father,John Smith,came to America from Ireland.He studied law with his brother,George,in Lancaster,Pa. Not long after his admission to the bar,about 1750,he removed to Shippensburg,Pa.,where his chief occupation was surveying.After a few years he removed to the town of York, where he made his permanent home the rest of his life,and where he practiced the profession of law until near the time of his death. In 1760 Mr.Smith married Eleanor,daughter ofJohn Annor, of near New Castle,Delaware.About this time he began to have a very extensive practice in this and neighboring counties,and was for some time prior to 1769 the only lawyer in York.In 1769,Col.Thomas Hartley was his only legal associate. At the commencement of the Revolution Mr.Smith was distin- guished as one of the wannest friends of our liberties.In 1774 he was chosen a deputy for the county of York to attend a Provin- cial Meeting at Philadelphia—called to name delegates for a pro- posed Congress.Thus was formed,in 1775,the first Continental Congress,which met at Carjienter's Hall,and of which Mr.Smith was a member.In 1776 he served in the Continental Congress, at which time he signed the Declaration of Independence.He likewise was a member of Congress in the year 1777-8,and when Congress sat in York,the board of war was held in his ofi&ce.'In the year 1775 he received a military honor,viz.,the appointment of Colonel.^ After the cessation of his Congressional labors,he continued to reside in York,devoting himself with signal success to the practice of law.Having become burdened with the weight ofyears,and Hon.JAMES SMITH,1775. YORK'S Signer of the Declaration of Independence. HON.JAMES SMITH.391 having a sufficiency of this world's goods,he relinquished the practice of law,after fifty-one years'practice,in 1801. In 1805 his office,then on South George street and Mason alley, was destroyed by fire.The records of his family,his valuable manuscripts connected with the history of the times,and numerous letters from Benjamin Franklin,Samuel Adams and many other distinguished men ofthe Revolution,were consumed. Mr.Smith was remarkable for a most tenacious memory.He was unifonnly facetious and fond of anecdote,which he always told with a happy effect,and an advocate of great power.He died July 11,1806,and none of his descendants now survive.His remains lie in the First Presbyterian Church-yard,York. NOTE 33. (PAGE 156.) Colonel Thomas Hartley. Biographical Sketch.His Brilliant Services in the Rev- olution.His Departure for the First Congress.Pur- chases Horses forPresidentWashington.Eulogy UPON His Death.Resolutions of Congress. Notice of Mrs.Hartley's Death. His Career in the Revolution. COL.THOMAS HARTLEY was the son ofGeorge Hartley, an early settler in Pennsylvania,and a well-to-do fanner, and was born in Colebrookdale township,Berks county. Pa.,September 7,1748.After receiving the rudiments of a good classical education he moved to York in 1766,and was admitted,July 25th,1769,to the York Bar,of which he became one of the ablest and most distingixished members.He was,on February 10,1790,the first Counsellor from Pennsylvania admit- ted to the Supreme Court of the United States.In 1774,he was Vice-President of the Committee of Observation for York county, and again in November,1775.In 1774 he was elected a member of the Provincial Meeting of deputies,which was held at Phila- delphia on the 15th of July.In 1775 he was a member of the Provincial Convention held in the same city on the 23rd ofJan- uary. The war of the Revolution was now approaching,and as early as December,1774,a military company was formed for the pur- pose ofmaking disciplined soldiers,and of which Thomas Hartley was ist Lieutenant.In the summer of 1775,he was elected Lieu- tenant Colonel of the First Battalion,York County Militia,and COLONEL THOMAS HARTLEY.393 shortly after Lieutenant Colonel of the Battalion of "Minute Men" selected from the other five battalions. On January lo,1776,he was elected by Congress,Lieutenant Colonel of the Sixth Pennsylvania Battalion,which in the same year rendered conspicuous service in the Canada campaign.'On its return,the Battalion was re-organized into the Seventh Regi- ment,ofwhich he was Lieutenant Colonel. By authority of a resolution ofCongress,of December 27,1776, General Washington,on January 11,1777,issued the commission of Colonel to Thomas Hartley,with authority to raise a new regi- ment.This regiment's only designation was "Colonel Thomas Hartley's Regiment."It was attached to the First Pennsylvania Brigade,General Wayne's Division,Colonel Hartley commanding the Brigade in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown. On July 14,1778,Colonel Hartley's Regiment was ordered to Sunbury to conduct the campaign against the Indians on the West Branch of the Susquehanna,which he conducted with signal ability and success.Early in January,1779,other companies were incorporated with Colonel Hartley's Regiment,which was added to the Pennsylvania Line as the Eleventh Regiment. In October,1778,Colonel Hartley was elected a member ofthe State Legislature from York county.He tendered his resignation as Colonel on January 13,1779,and Congress,deeming his rea- sons satisfactory,accepted the same,and on the same day resolved, that they had "high sense of Colonel Hartley's merit and services." He continued in active service in the Revolution for about three years,was engaged in many of the most important battles,and served with great distinction.He enjoyed the confidence and esteem of General Washington and the Continental Congress,and reflected great honor upon his adopted town,his State and nation. In Vol.10,Pennsylvania Archives,N.S.,74,777-8,the editor comments as follows : "We referto the records of our State and National councils for evidence of his (Col.Hartley's)brilliant career asa soldier,lawyer and statesman.It is proper to add,however,that it is from his numerous letters among Yeates'papers pub- lished anonymously in Forces'Archives,that full information upon theCanada campaign has been obtained.Our history is therefore indebted to the pen of Hartley,subsequently one of the foremost lawyers and ablest statesmen of Penn- sylvania,for nearly all that is known of the campaign of the Pennsylvaniabattal- 'Note 34- 394 COIvONEl.THOMAS HARTLEY. ions in Canada ;and but for his letterstobe found in Penn'a Archives,Old Series, very little would be known of the military operations of the West Branch in 1778-1779-" For this brilliant and successful Indian campaign on the North- ern frontier counties in the vicinity of Sunbury,Col.Hartley received a vote of thanks from the Philadelphia Council. Tribute by Gen.Washington. In G.W.Parke Custis'"Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington,"is related the following: "During theengagement onthe following day,(theday after thebattle ofMon- mouth)while Washington was speaking toa favoriteoflScer,I think thebrave and valued Col.Hartley,of the Pennsylvania Line,a cannon ball struck just at his horse's feet,throwing the dirt in his face andover his clothes ;the General con- tinued giving his orders,without noticing the derangement of his toilet.The officers present,several of whom were of theparty the precedingevening,looked at each other with anxiety.Thechiefof the medical staff,pleased with the proof ofhis prediction,andin reminiscenceof what had passed thenight before,poiated toward heaven,which was noticed byothers,with a gratifying smile of acknowl- edgement.Of the brave and valued Col.Hartley,it issaid,that the Commander- in-Chief sent forhim in theheat of anengagement,and addressed him as follows : 'I have sent for you Colonel,toemployyouon a serious piece of service.The state ofour affairs renders it necessary thata part ofthis army should besacrificed for the welfare of the whole.You command an efficient corps (a fineregiment of Germans from York and Lancaster Counties).I know you well,and have there- fore selected you to perform this important and serious duty.You will take such a positionand defend it to the last extremity.'TheColonel received this appoint- ment to a forlorn hope,with a smile ofexultation,and bowing,replied : "'Your excellency doesme toomuchhonor;your orders shall be obeyed to the letter,'and repaired to his post.I will not bepositive astothe location of this anecdote,having heard it from the old people of the Revolution,many years ago, but think it occurred on the field of Monmouth,but of this I am not certain.I have a hundred times seen Col,Hartley received in the halls of thegreat Presi- dent,where so many Revolutionary worthies were made welcome,and to none was the hand of honored and friendly recollections more feelingly offered ;on none did the merit-discerning eye of the chiefappeartobeam with more pleasure than on Hartley ofYork." Elected to Congress. In 1783 Col.Hartley was a member of the Council of Censors. Among the important duties of the Council was that of inquiring whether the State Constitution had been preserved inviolate in every part,and whether the legislative and executive branches of COLONEL THOMAS HARTLEY.395 government had performed their full duty as guardians of the people,or assumed to themselves,or exercised other or greater powers than they were entitled to by the Constitution.In 1787 he was elected a member of the State Convention,which adopted the Constitution of the United States. In the year 1788,he was elected a member of the first Congress. His twelve years'service in Congress demonstrated that he was a logical debater and a man of weight,consideration and influence in that body of intellectual giants.He argued most strenuously for the location of the National Capitol on the west bank of the Susquehanna,at Wright's Ferry,as his speeches attest,and would have succeeded in making York the Georgetown of this Country, but for the log-rolling of Alexander Hamilton,whereby Northern votes were obtained for the removal of the Capital to the banks of the Potomac,in consideration of Southern votes for theassumption by the National government of the debts incurred by the States in the prosecution of the Revolutionary war. Col.Hartley's Departure for the First Congress. From the Pennsylvania Advertiser and York GeneralHerald. "York,February 25th,1789. "On Monday last the Hon.Thomas Hartley,Esquire,took hisdeparturefrom this town,for the City of New Y'ork,there to take his seat in the Congress of the United States,which are to meet on the fourth of March next,agreeableto areso- lution of the late Congress.At this important period of our country when the refined integrity of European policy,and themore useful consequences ofthe de- fectsin our late general government have ravaged our citizenswith domestic evils, fettered the aspiring genius of our country,and clipped the wingsofour com- merce,I say,at this period of the general ouUcry and distress,whata pleasing prospect have we of approachinghappiness.If wise and enlightened Representa- tives—grave and experienced Senators—a patriotic and magnanimous Piesident and Vice President,to set in motion the wheels of our grand Federal Machine calculated to afford us safety,with what security may we view the turmoilsof European nations—vidth what confidence may we look forward to the uninter- rupted enjoyment ofevery civil and religious right.Col.Hartley was accompanied to theriver by a numerousand respectable company from Y'^orktown anditsneigh- borhood,and was met there by a number of gentlemen from the very vergeof the County and from Lancaster.An elegant dinnerwas provided ofwhichabout48 persons partook:the following toasts (prepared at the moment)were drank on theoccasion: 1."His excellency General Washington President ofthe United States. 2."The Hon.John Adams,Vice-Presidentofthe United States. 396 COLONEL THOMAS HARTLEY. 3."The Honorable the Senate ofthe United States. 4."The Hon.the House ofRepresentatives of the United States. 5."The friendsofLiberty andgood government throughout the world. 6."Gen.Mifflin and the State ofPennsylvania. 7."The Vice-President ofthe State of Pennsylvania. 8."The King of France and our friendlyallies. 9."James Wilson,Esq. 10."Governor St.Clairand the Western Territories. 11."May Lancaster and Yorktown be the permanent residenceofCongress. 12."Maythe states ofSouth Carolina and Rhode Island soonconsidertheirtrue interests,and be united to the combined States,or sink intonought. "After which Col.Hartley,having taken leaveofhisfriends proceeded to Lan- caster,and the company dispersed;Col.Hartley,beforehis departure was waited on by the Principal,Professors and studentsofthe Yorktown Academy withthe followingaddress: "Sir:—At a time when ourcountry isinvolved in the deepest distress,and the minds of the citizens of America are seriously agitated,as to the efficiencyand safetyofthat system of government the}'have adopted:We,the Principal,Profes- sors,and pupils of the York Academy,beg leave to congratulate you on your ap- pointment to a seat in the Representative bodyof thisrising empire.We rejoice in common with all our fellow citizens that the several departments ofour new government,arelikely to be filled by those men who have hitherto proved them- selves the truest friendsofprivate and public virtue,and of the common rights of human kind.But atthe same moment that we felicitateour country on the pos- session of so many worthy characters,we cannot but feel regret,even at the tem- porary removal from us,ofa gentleman,of whose friendship we havehad somany proofs,and to whom weowe,ina greatdegree our establishment and reputation. May that Beingat whose command empires rise and fall direct your public coun- cils;and restore you in due time to your family,andthose very manyfriendsto whom,from longexperience ofyour virtues,your memory will be always dear. "To which he returned the following answer: "Gentlemen:—I received,with gratitude,your kind andaffectionatecongratu- lations,and I shall be peculiarly happy,if in my appointment to the Representa- tive branch ofCongress,I can render service tomy country,or be any wise instru- mentalinaverting those ills which so long have afflicted these States.My abili- ties,I well know,are not of the superior kind,but it will be myduty to do whatis right,andwith the assistanceofabler counsel,I trust that religion and learning, as well as the rights of the human kind,will be advanced and practiced under the new government.I shall alwa}-s have a friendly regard to yourinstitution,and have no doubt that it will rise to the highest eminence in the learned world,and if we still continue to be assisted by such able and virtuous instructors,we may presumethat period is not very far distant. "I wish you every successand happiness.Farewell.I hope weshall soonmeet His Return From the First Session of Congress. From Penna.Heraldand York GeneralAdvertiserofOct.7,lySg. "Yesterday afternoon arrived at his house in the borough,from New York, amidst the acclamationsof his friends and fellow-citizens,theHon.Thomas Hart- Col.THOMAS HARTLEY.CATHERINE HARTLEY. COLONEL THOMAS HARTLEY.397 ley,Esq.,Member of Congress.He was met at Wright'sFerry,by a numberof gentlemen from this borough and County of York,and by them accompanied to town." President Washington's Commission to Buy Horses. Mr.John Ha.y Treasurer of York County AT York Town Pennsyi<vania. NewYorkJanuary the 17TH,1790. "Dear Sir :—General Washingtonhasagreed to take two Mares which I spoke to Mr.Valentine Emigh for,and indeed contracted with him about for the sum of /52 10 oto be delivered any time before the 15th ofFebruary. "The General has also agreed to take the large sorrel Mare fromHenryStrick- ler's son at Grise Creek—for thirty-seven Pounds cS:ten shillings theprice he de- manded,and these Mares areto go en asMr.Spangler shall direct andare to run on with Emigh and Strickler at their Expence until called for in February or March—by Mr.Spangler or his order—The General wishes them to go on soon. The General will pay the money into the hands of Col.Clem Biddle or any other person I may name in Philadelphiaorgiveittome when I return home or when I can safely send it—but as Emigh and Strickler might not wish towait until my Return—I would desire that if they should call upon you—that you will paythem and take their Receipts in the Manner which I wrote to Dr.Hall—and forward the Receipts to me bythe Post—and thesum shall thereupon beremitted by the General to Mr.Clem Biddle orany other Person you wish. "From the Friendship which I know you have for the General and me I have usedthe Freedom to trouble you and am with great Regard — "Your Friend &humble servant "Mr.John Hay.THOS.H.\RTLEY. Major General of Pennsylvania Militia. On April 28,1800,he was cotnmissioned by Gov.McKean, Major General of the First Division,Pennsylvania Militia,con- sisting of the counties of York and Adams.Chief among the names of the founders of the Episcopal church of St.John,stands that of Colonel Hartley,of which he was a vestryman,delegate to the first General Convention of the Church in America,and a man of unchallenged piety. His Declination of a Re-election. From the York Recorder. York,September 10,1800. Feuow Citizens:—The want of health,and wish to retire froma sedentary public life,and to attend to myprivate concerns,which have been much impaired 398 COLONEL THOMAS HARTLEY. by my absence from York-Town,and imagining that many personswonld beready to succeed me as a member of Congress,I mostdecidedly have fixed and deter- mined to decline serving in the House of Representatives,after the third dayof March next.Indeed it is well known,that I did not wish to be elected forsome years past,if it had not been for the political state ofthe World,and ourown Statesparticularly,and frequently suffering from two great nations.I hope how- ever,we shall soon have peace.A great proportion ofmy life,has been devoted to the service of my country,as will appear from the following facts:—I have to say that I was in two Provincial Conventions,previous to the Revolution,and served in the Revolutionary Army more than three years,was one year inthe Assembly ofthe State ofPennsylvania,in the Council ofCensors oneyear.I was in theConvention which adopted the Constitution ofthe United States,have been twice elected by the citizens of Pennsylvania at General Elections,and four times at District elections,as a member of the House of Representatives in Congress. After those observations it must appear that I have devoted a very great propor- tion of my time to my country's service;in some instancesI have,perhaps,been useful,but I may say that I desire to advance the interests ofthe United States,as far as my powers and constitution would admit—I shallendeavortobe as servic- able as in my power,in the militia,whichwillrequire some attention andexer- cise occasionally. I thank the citizens of Pennsylvaniaat large for showing their frequent confi- dence in me,and particularly that part of the State,now composingYorkand Adams Counties,and wish them everyhapjnuess. "I am with due respect for them, "THOMAS HARTLEY. "York,September 8th,iSoo. "N.B.My indisposition has retarded this publication longer than I intended." His Lamented Death. The life of labor,iLsefulness,valor and honor of the man,who shed greater lustre on the historic town of York than any other man,living or dead,was now drawing to a close.Disease was making its inroads,and after a tedious illness Thomas Hartley died in York on the morning of December 21,1800.His re- mains were interred beside those of his wife. Fromthe York Recorder,December31,iSoo. SACRED TO THE MEMORY of THOMAS HARTLEY, ESQUIRE. Whodeparted fromthisstage of existence at York-Town,Pennsylvania,on the morning ofDecember 21st,1800. aged 52 years, 3 monthsand 14 days. His Body was Deposited initsParent Earth, In the Presence ofa Grateful and WeepingAssembly. COLONEL THOMAS HARTLEY.399 Rev.John Campbell's Eulogy. "The following tribute ofrespect to him beingjustly due andpaid athisFuneral Rite,is offered to his obliged Country by his Pastor and Friend:" "IfI could blow the trump offame over you,ever so loud and long,what would yoube the better forall this service?yet,let not your integrity.Patriotism,Forti- tude,Hospitality,and Patronage be forgotten.Another (who need not be named) hath borne away the flameofglory,splendidwith the neverdyinghonorof rearing thestupendous fabric of American Freedomand Empire.Departed Friend ;you hear me not ;the grave is deafand silent ;in this work of Blessings to future ages you bore,tho'asubordinate,yet an honorable part.Soldiersof Liberty :come, drop a tear over your companion in arms.Lovers of Justice,come drop a tear over our able Advocate,and of science comedrop a tear over its warmest Patron. Children of IMisfortune,come drop a tear over your Beuefactor and Protector. Brethren of this Earthly Lodge :rejoice,that our Brother isremoved to the Tem- ple of the Supreme.Ministers of Religion :come drop a tear to the memoryofa man,who (lamenting human frailty)was ever the Friend of Truth and Virtue. And thou!my soul !come not with the assembly of those who would draw his re- posed spiritfromtheBosom of his 'Fatherwho isin Heaveu.'" Colonel Hartley's Death Announced in Congress. Vork Recorder,Tluirsday,Jany.,i&oi. 1 STATES,'\ 'IVES,> I,iSoi.3 "Congress of the Uniteb House of Representatives, Thursday,Jan. "Mr.Kittera rose in his place,andstated to the House,that from variousletters from Lancaster and York,it wasascertained thatGen.Thos.Hartley,a memberof that House,from the State of Pennsylvania,wasdead.That,supported byformer precedent,and urged by personal feeling he was induced to move the House to take some respectful notice of this event.He stated that General Hartley com- manded a Regiment duringthe Revolutionary war;that he hadbeen a member of the State Convention that framed theFederal Constitution,that he had also been a member of the Convention that framed the Constitution ofPennsylvania,and served in the State Legislature,and in the Council of Censors;and thathehad been a member of that House from the commencement of the Government until his death,in which various situations hehad discharged his duty with great firm- ness and integrity,and that,until impaired with infirmities,he had on all occa- sions,discovered a mind well stored with information,useful and ornamental. That he was an honest man,and fully within Pope's descriptionof the 'noblest work ofGod.'Heobserved with much feeling,that the tear of gratitude and re- spect,accompanied with a badgeofmourning,was theleast tribute which thelegis- lature of a free people pay on such occasions.This mode of rewarding merit,not only comported with rules ofeconomy,but with the principles of Republicanism. He therefore hoped the resolutions he was about tooffer would meetwith universal approbation.He then offered the following resolutions which were unanimously agreed to : "The House of Representatives,having received information of the death of 400 COLONEL THOMAS HARTLEY. Maior General Thomas Hartley,one ofitsmembers,who hasrepresentedthe State of Pennsylvania in the branch of the National Legislature,from the commence- ment of the government tohisdeath,do therefore unanimously resolve,that the members testify their respect for the memory of the said Thomas Hartley,by wearing a crapeon the left arm forone month.RESOLVED—Thatthe Speaker address a letter to the Executive of Pennsylvania,to inform him ofthe death of Thomas Hartley,late a member of this House,in order that means may be taken to supply the vacancy occasioned thereby." Catherine Hartley. Early in life Colonel Hartley married Catherine,daughter of Bernhard and Elizabeth Holtzinger,of York.Bernhard Holtz- inger moved to Baltimore,Md.,where he died in 1773.His wife, Elizabeth,died in York in 1777.Their children were:Catherine Hartley;Jacob Holtzinger,a member of Charles Luken's Com- pany in 1775,and in 1776 a Lieutenant in the Revolutionary war, who moved to "Baltomore Town;"and Barnet and Elizabeth Holtzinger. Death of Catherine Hartley. From the York Recorderof Octobers,lygS. "On Tuesday the 2ndof October inst.after a long and painful illness,Mrs. Catherine Hartley,the Consort of the Hon.Thomas Hartley,Esq.,Member of Congress.It may be truly said of her,that she was a loving wife,a tenderparent, an indulgent mistress,a sincere friend and the benefactress to the poor.Her breast was a fountain ofmercy,ever opentothe call of distress.In this,reader, copy her example,and the blessing ofHim who is ready to perish will light upon thee.Her remains will be interred this afternoon at3 o'clock at the Episcopal Church ofSt.John's in this Borough." His Issue. The issue of Colonel and Catherine Hartley were:Charles William Hartley,several years Prothonotary of York county,and Eleanor,wife of Dr.James Hall,aiterwards Lazaretto physician of Philadelphia.A son and daughter of CharlesWilliam Hartley, and Mrs.Hall were buried in St.John's Episcopal Churchyard. Dr.Charles H.Hall,a distinguished physician of Macon,Ga.,is a great-grandson,and Mrs.Nathaniel J.Jackson and Mrs.Hampton L.Ferrell,(nieces of Dr.Hall),are great-great-granddaughters. Mrs.Hartley died in 1798. COIvONElv THOMAS HARTLEY.401 His Neglected Grave. Col.Hartley's grave in St.John's Churchyard is unmarked.In the performance of a too long neglected and sacred duty,this opulent community—affluent,free,prosperous and happy by reason of the great services and sacrifices ofour Revolutionary heroes — should erect a stately memorial shaft over this hallowed spot. A Memorial Tablet. The Yorktown Chapter of the Daughters of the American Rev- olution,in recognition of the heroic and patriotic services of this illustrious man,performed their duty,by placing on the interior walls of St.John's Episcopal Church a handsome and artistic tab- let.It was appropriately dedicated on the 7th of September, 1896,and is inscribed: IN MEMORY OF THOMAS HARTLEY, PATRIOT,SOLDIER,STATESMAN, A DEVOUT CHRISTIAN AND MEMBER OF THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. SOMETIME VESTRYMAN OF ST.JOHNS, AND DELEGATE TO THE iST GENERAL CONVENTION OF THE CHURCH IN AM. A DISTINGUISHED MEMBER OF THE BAR AT YORKTOWN. LIEUT.COL.PENNA.MINUTE MEN, LIEUT.COL.6TH BATTALION PENNA.. COL.HARTLEY'S ADDITIONAL CONTINENTAL REGIMENT, AND iiTH PENNA. REPRESENTATIVE IN THE iST,2ND,3RD, 4TH,5TH AND 6TH CONGRESSES. BORN IN BERKS COUNTY,PA.,SEPT.7,1748. DIED AT YORKTOWN,DEC.21,1800. (o) THIS TABLET IS PLACED HERE BY THE YORKTOWN CHAPTER OF THE DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION,A.D.,1896. NOTE 34. (page 158.) Revolutionary Companies from York County,and Ttieir Organization. Their Service;s in Various Fields.Rules,Regulations AND Equipments of the Revolutionary Soldiers. The Long Lost Muster Rolls Never Before Published. First Military Organizations in the Revolution. IN no section of Pennsylvania was the love of liberty earlier displayed or more ardent than in the County of York.Its patriots were astir while their neighbors were comparatively passive.The County of York sent out more soldiers during the Revolution than any of her neighboring sisters,in fact more than any other district in the United States in proportion to population.^ As early as May 21,1774,the citizens of Yorktown asseml^led to take into consideration the distressed and deplorable condition of the people of Boston,and the nature and tendency of the dis- criminating and oppressive acts of Parliament lately passed. One of the results,was the formation of a military company as early as December,1774,for the purpose of making disciplined soldiers,in the event of open hostilities with Great Britain.The officere of this company were James Smith,Captain ;Thomas Hartley,ist Lieutenant;David Grier,2nd Lieut.,and Henry Mil- ler,Ensign—all distinguished in the Revolution. The first company (probably a continuation of the company of 1774)that marched from Pennsylvania to the theatre of war at YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.403 Boston,July 1775,was a company of riflemen from Yorktown. The officers were Michael Doudel,Captain;Henry Miller,ist Lieut.;John Dill,2nd Lieut.;James Matson and John Clark,3rd Lieuts.The uniforms were of brown Holland and Osnaburghs of the order of a hunting shirt,double caped over the shoulders in imitation of Indians,and on the breast in capital letters was the motto.Liberty or Death.This company was the first west or south of the Hudson to cross that river for the reliefof Boston.It immortalized itself at the battle of Bunker Hill,and its march and career form one of the brightest incidents in American history. ' BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL.(Oldpriat.) The second company formed in the town of York was in Feb. 1775,commanded by Hartman Deutsch,Captain;Mr.Grubb,ist Lieut.;Philip Entler,2nd Lieut.,and Luke Rause,Ensign. The third company was formed in Yorktown December 16, 1775.Its ofiicers were George Irwin,Captain;John Hay,ist Lieutenant ;William Bailey,2nd Lieut.;Christopher Lauman, Ensign.This company was commanded in 1776 by William Bailey,Captain;John Hay,ist Lieutenant;Christopher Lauman, 2nd Lieutenant;in 1777 by William Bailey,Captain;Christopher Lauman,ist Lieutenant;William Scott,2nd Lieutenant.Accord- 404 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. ing to the Moravian Church records'this company existed,May 31.1775- Companies were already formed throughout every section of the county,and the fires of patriotism burnt fiercely.Mention of these county companies is made hereinafter. The fourth company was formed December 27,1775,of which George Eichelberger was Captain;Michael Hahn,ist Lieut.; Baltzer Spengler,2nd Lieut.In the Spring of 1776,Michael Hahn was Captain;Baltzer Spengler,ist Lieut;Michael Bill- meyer,2nd Lieut.,and George Michael Spengler,Ensign.^ The fifth company of Yorktown was formed in the spring of 1776 whereof Charles Lukens was Captain;Christian Stake,ist Lieut;Cornelius Sheriff,and Lieut. The sixth company from York was formed in May 1776,com- manded by Rudolf Spengler,Captain;Peter Reel,ist Lieut.; George Schuch,2nd Lieut.;Christopher Stoehr,Ensign.^ The firstand second companies of 1774 and 1775 dissolved,and in 1776 the soldiers thereof joined and became a part of the fifth and six companies.The third,fourth,fifth and sixth companies constituted a part of the five battalions from York County that marched to eastern New Jersey in 1776 to form the Flying Camp.'' The Five Battalions of 1775. In July,1775,York County was divided into five districts for the purpose of forming associations of defense,under which the militia of the county was organized,and formed into five bat- talions. The ofl5cers of the First Battalionwere.Col.James Smith,Lieut. Col.Thomas Hartley ;Majors,Michael Swoope*and Joseph Don- aldson. Second Battalion :Colonel Robert McPherson,Lieutenant Col- onel David Kennedy;Majors,Moses McLean and Hugh Dun- woody. Third Battalion :Colonel Richard McAllister,Lieut.Col.Henry Slagle;Majors,John Andrew and Joseph Jeifries. Fourth Battalion :Colonel William Smith,Lieut.Col.Francis Holton ;Majors,John Gibson and John Finley. 'Note 48.=Ante.p.157.aposteaandantep.1S5.iNotes14 and15."Antep.156. YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.405 Fifth Battalion :Colonel William Rankin,Lieut.Col.Matthew Dill;Majors,Robert Stevenson and Gerhert Graeff. The first three battalions were large enough for regiments,and none contained less than 500 men. One company from each of the battalions was elected in 1776 to form a battalion of Minute Men to be ready for any emergency. The officers were Colonel Richard McAllister,Lieut.Col.Thomas Hartley,and Major David Grier,born at Ramilton,Ireland,1741. This battalion did not exist in July,1776,as three of its companies before that were relegated to their original battalions,and the two remaining incorporated in the Sixth Pennsylvania Battalion.^ The York County associators were originally volunteers,but,on the recommendation of Congress,were organized as companies of militia."Considerable complaint was made because some York county troops were threatened with an imposition of some extra- territorial officers."By an Act of Congress the Militia was placed on an equality with the regulars. York County's Contingent to the Flying Camp. In July,1776,five battalions of York County Militia,having enlisted to serve until December i,1776,marched to Eastern New Jersey,—the strongest contingent to the Flying Camp.The Camp,within striking distance ofthe enemy,was under the com- mand of General Hugh Mercer,the hero of CuUoden and Fort Duquesne.The militia aided in the defense of the fort at Paulus Hook opposite New York,were engaged in the skirmishes at Amboy,and arrested the threatened invasion of New Jersey,in 1776,by the British on Staten Island. Of the five battalions,two were formed for future active service, the remaining three,not being further needed,after an active ser- vice of some six weeks,returned home.The reasons for calling more men than were needed,were to try the patriotism of the people and to show the enemy the extent of the material resources of the Colonies. The first brigade of the Flying Camp was commanded by Brig- adier General James Ewing,of York. 'Postea.25Pa.Ar.o-S.333.2^Pa.A,-,q.S,710. 406 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOI.UTION. Which of the Battalion officers of 1775 held the same rank at the Flying Camp,in 1776,itis difficult to determine.Lieut.Col.Hartley and Major Grier wereassigned to the Sixth Pennsylvania Battalion; Francis Holton became Lieut.Col.of the Fourth Battalion.Col- onels James Smith,Robert McPherson,Richard McAllister,David Kennedy,William Rankin and Henry Slagle were deputies to the Provincial Conference,June 18-25,i??^)and all except Colonels Richard McAllister and David Kennedy were members ofthe first Constitutional Convention of Pennsylvania,which began its pro- ceedings July 15,1776.It appears from the records that Col. Michael Swoope succeeded Col.James Smith,of the First Battal- ion,with Joseph Donaldson as Lieut.Col.,who on July 15,1776, attended the Constitutional Convention,and on September 30, 1776,was elected a member of the Council of Safety.Matthew Dill succeeded Col.William Rankin.The officers ofthe Third Battalion December 31,1776,were Col.David Jameson,Lieut. Col.Hugh Dunwoody,Major Charles Lukens,Quartermaster George Eichelberger. The First Battalion was composed of companies from Yorktown, Manchester,Windsor,Codorus,York and Hellam townships;Sec- ond Battalion,Cumberland,Hamilton's Bann,Strabene,Menallen, Mount Joy,and Tyrone townships;Third Battalion,Heidelberg, Berwick,Paradise,Mount Pleasant,Manheim and Germany town- ships;Fourth Battalion,Chanceford,Shrewsbury,Fawn and Hopewell townships;Fifth Battalion,Dover,Newberry,Mona- ghan,Warrington,Huntington and Reading townships.Some of these townships are now in Adams county,formed out of York county in 1800. The company officers of the First Battalion were :Captains, William Bailey,Michael Hahn,RudolfSpengler,Charles Lukens, Jacob Dritt,George Diehl,Wright,Yost Herbach and George Long.Of the Lieutenants were,John Hay,Christopher Lauman,Baltzer Spengler,Peter Schultz,Baltzer Rudisilly, Michael Billmeyer,Christian Stake,Cornelius Sheriff,Peter Reel and George Shuck.Of the Ensigns were,Michael Ettinger, George Michael Spengler,and Christopher Stoehr. Among the Majors of the other Battalions were Adam Vance, John Andrews and John Dritt.The company officers of these YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOI.UTION.407 Battalions are only partly known.Among the Captains were John McDonald,Joseph Reed,Simon Vanarsdalen,William Ash- ton,Thomas Fisher,William Smith,Nicholas Bittinger,James Chamberlain,John Harbeson,Samuel Wilson,James Agnew, William Mitchell,Benjamin Savage,James McCandless,Thomas McNary,William Rowan,Lewis Williams,Michael Schmeisser, Orbison,James R.Reid,Hugh Campbell,W.McCoskey, Samuel Nelson,Daniel May,John Paxton,Robert McConaughty, Daniel Eyster,Simon Koppenhafer,George Long andJacob Blester. Among the Lieutenants were,Samuel Farra,William Rowen, Wm.Lowther,Robert McElhinney,Joseph Elliott,Henry Shaffer, Wra.Young,Joseph Morrison;Ensign Lawrence Oats.Ensign Conrad Gentzler was killed near Perth Amboy in 1776.Many held a like rank in the two newly organized battalions from the five.Some of the subordinate officerswere also probably the same in 1776 as in 1777.'Outof the five York county battalions at the Flying Camp,two were formed,as stated,for active service against the enemy. The First Battalion,1776. The first battalion was commanded by Col.Michael Swoope, Lieut.Col.Robert Stevenson,Major William Bailey.The other officers were: ist Company:Capt.Michael Schmeisser,ist Lieut.Zachariah Shugart,and Lieut.Andrew Robinson,Ensign Wm.Wayne. 2nd Company:Capt.Gerhart Graeff,Lieut.Christian Kaufifman. 3rd Company:Capt.Jacob Dritt,ist Lieut.Baymiller,2nd Lieut.Clayton,Ensign Jacob Mayer. 4th Company:Capt.Christian Stake,ist Lieut.Cornelius Sheriff,2nd Lieut.Jacob Holtzinger,Ensign Jacob Barnitz.This was formerly Capt.Chas.Lukens,"Fifth company." 5th Company:Captain John McDonald,ist Lieut.Wm.Scott, 2nd Lieut.Robert Patton,Ensign Howe. 6th Company:Capt.John Ewing,Ensign John Paysley. 7th Company:Capt.John Nelson,ist Lieut.Todd,and Lieut.Joseph Welsh,Ensign Alexander Ne.sbit. 8th Company:Capt.Joshua Williams. ii4Pa.Ar.N.S.481. 408 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. Commissioned and staff ofBcers at Fort Constitution,Oct.8, 1776,37;non-commissioned officers,12;rank and file,359. The Second Battalion,1776. Colonel Richard McAllister,Lieut.Col.David Kennedy,Major John Clark.' The Captains were,Nicholas Bittenger,McCarter,W. McCoskey,John Laird,Samuel Wilson,and John Paxton. At Perth Amboy,Oct.8,1776,Commissioned officers and staff, 41;non-commissioned officers,43;rank and file,438.At Tren- ton,December i,1776,Gen.James Ewing,Brigade Commander, there were 19 commissioned officers,18 non-commissioned officers, and 138 rank and file in this battalion.To this battalion were added two companies from Bucks county. These battalions were engagedin theexpedition to Staten Island, Oct.15,1776,in which the advance was commanded by Major John Clark;-they fought bravely at the battle of Long Island,^ suffered severely and many were taken prisoners.But eighteen of Capt.Graeff"'s company,of Col.Swoope's battalion,returned tojoin their surviving comrades.At the battle and surrender of Fort Washington,Colonel Swoope's Sixth Pennsylvania Battalion was taken prisoners.^Captain Graeff"died in captivity. The Sixth Pennsylvania Battalion. In January and February,of 1776,under a resolution of Con- gress of January 4,a battalion was raised composed of six com- panies from Cumberland county and two from York county.'^ The battalion officers were.Col.Wm.Irvine,Lieut.Col.Thomas Hartley and Majors,James Dunlap and David Grier,the latter promoted from Captain.The officers of the two York county companies were :Capt.David Grier,afterwards Wm.Alexander, 1st Lieut.John McDowell,2nd Lieut.Abdiel McAlister,Ensigns, Wm.Nichols and John Hughes.Captain Moses McLean,ist Lieuts.Barnet Eichelberger and John Edie,2nd Lieut.John Hoge,Ensign,Robert Hopes. This battalion greatly distinguished itself in the unfortunate YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.409 Canadian campaign of 1776."For nearly all that is known of the Pennsylvania battalions in that campaign history is indebted to the pen of Lieut.Col.Thomas Hartley."'"Not a man of Mc- Lean's company behaved ill,Grier's company behaved well."'' Col.AnthonyWayne,in a letter of 13 of June,1776,wrote to Ben- jamin Franklin : "While Col.Allen and myself were employed in Rallying the troops,Lieut. Col.Hartley had advanced with the Reserves and bravelyAttackedthe Enemy from a thicket in theswamptothe left ;thishardiness of his was of the utmost consequence to us." Seventh Pennsylvania Regiment. The Seventh Pennsylvania regiment was organized by the re-en- listment of the Sixth Battalion.Lieut.Col.Hartley,of this regi- ment,was appointed by Gen.Washington,in January,1777,to command one of the additional regiments,known as "Col. Thomas Hartley's Regiment."By an arrangement of March 12, 1777,Major David Grier became Lieut.Col.of the Seventh,and had charge of the regiment until Col.Irvine was exchanged,hav- ing been taken prisoner in Canada.This regiment was engaged in the actions of Brandywine,Paoli and Germantown,and many subsequent battles.At Paoli the battalion lost sixty-one non- commissioned officers and privates,killed and wounded ;among the latter,who was also wounded at Brandywine,was Col.Grier. He retired from the service January i,1781,^and died in York June 3,1790,aged 48 years. After the Revolt of the Pennsylvania Line in 1781,the remains of the Seventh were drafted into the Fourth,subsequently the Fourth into the Third,and finally in 1783 into the First. Col.Miles'Regiment of Riflemen. Early in March,1776,a rifle company was formed in York which enlisted for fifteen months,and marched to Philadelphia, where it was attached to Col.Samuel Miles'regiment of riflemen, 1,000 strong.Itwas commandedby Capt.Philip Albright,ist Lieut. John Johnson,succeeded December 21,1776,by Cornelius Sheriff"; 410 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOI.UTION. 2nd lyieut.Wm.McPherson,captured August 27,1776;the 3rd Lieut.Jacob Stake,subsequently promoted Captain loth Pa.Line, and on its reorganization to the ist of the Line.At the battle of Long Island,August 27,1776,the regiment fought bravely, but was overcome by superior force,and 159 men,including the Colonel,were compelled to surrender.'Col.Miles was ex- changed April 20,1778.Among Captain Albright's losses were two men who were badly wounded,and afterward bayonetted and murdered.^At this battle the regiment was brigaded with Glover's and Smallwood's regiments,underthe command of Brig.Gen.Lord Stirling.For the conspicuous part taken by these three battalions in this action,reference is also made to Col.Miles'and Atlee's Journals." After this battle a musketry battalion was consolidated with the regiment,and thus consolidated,as "The Pennsylvania State Regiment of Foot,"followed the fortunes of the Continental Army.It was engaged in the capture of the Hessians at Tren- ton,26 December,1776;in the battle of Princeton January 3, 1777,and lay part of the winter at Philadelphia.A return made October 4,1776,showspresent:"Three sergeants,one drum, forty-six privates."Captain Philip Albright resigned January 23, 1777,but re-entered the service as Lieut.Col.in 1778.^ First Pennsylvania Regimrnt of the Line. Captain Henry Miller's company of riflemen was attached,in 1776,to the First regiment of the Pennsylvania Line,commanded by Col.Wm.Thompson,and by Col.Edward Hand,from March 7, 1776.On March 12,1777,Capt.Miller was promoted by Congress to the ofHce of Major of the regiment,to rank from September 28, 1776.In July,1778,he was promoted Lieut.Col.and transferred to the Second regiment of Pennsylvania,ranking from March i, 1777.He was engaged,and took a gallant and active part in the battles of Long Island,''York Island,White Plains,Trenton,Head of Elk,Brandywine,Germantown and Monmouth,and other but >Note 12.10Pa.At.N.S.195. -1Pa,Ar.N.S.511,517;5 Pa.Ar.O.S.21;10 Pa.Ar.N.S.193. •Note 49,14 Pa.Ar.,N.S.,492.'Note 12. YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOI.UTION.411 less important engagements.The career of this gallant officer will be found in his biographical sketch.' The other officers of Captain Henry Miller's company were: James Matson,ist Lieut,(prisoner of war,November,1777;pro- moted Captain,November 2,1777);John Clark,2nd L,ieut.,pro- moted to Captain,July 28,1777,subsequently to Major,in Col. Richard McAllister's new Second Battalion,and was appointed an Aid on the Staff of Gen.Nathaniel Greene.Major Clark"was held in the highest regard by Gen.Washington with whom he was in correspondence. Col.Hartley's New Regiment. As stated,Lieut.Col.Thomas Hartley was taken from the Sev- enth regiment,(reorganized Sixth).On the nth ofJanuary,1777, Gen.Washington directed him and Major John Patton of Col. Miles'regiment,to raise two of the sixteen additional regiments previously authorized by Congress.In this new regiment of Col.Hartley were the York County companies of Captains Archibald McAllister,Barnet Eichelberger,John McClellan,Lewis Bush,promoted to Major,and mortally wounded at Brandywine, and Robert Hopes,killed at Brandywine. Lieutenants :Isaac Sweeney,promoted Captain ofthe New Elev- enth of the Line;James Dill,killed at Brandywine,Sept.19,1777; Martin Eichelberger,William McCurdy,John Stake,Paul Parker and William Clemm.John McAlister,Quartermaster;Jacob Swoope,Surgeon.It was known as "Col.Thomas Hartley's Reg- iment."* At Brandywine and Germantown Col.Hartley commanded the First Penna.Brigade,(to which his regiment was attached,)Gen. Wayne's Division.In these battles this regiment did heavy fight- ing from its loss of officers and men.In July,1778,the regiment was sent to the West Branch of the Susquehanna where it ren- dered invaluable service.^ On the i6th of December,1778,Col.Hartley's regiment and four other independent companies of the State and the remains of Col.Patton's regiment,except Capt.McLane's company,were in- corporated into one regiment to be added to the Pennsylvania 412 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOI.UTION. Line,as the New Eleventh,and to which Col.Hartley was trans- ferred January 13,1779.He resigned February 13,1779. Assignment of York County Companies in the Pennsyl- vania Line. SURRENDER OF I,ORD CORNWALLIS.(Old print.) The York County companies at White Plains,in 1778,were those of Capt.John McClellan of the First,Thomas Campbell of the Fourth and Wm.Alexander and Robert McPherson of the Seventh regiments.Capt.Joshua Williams'company was also attached to the Fourth with Alexander Ramsey as ist Lieut.The York County companies in the reorganized Line of 1781,were those of Capts.John McClellan,John Clark and Jacob Stake (transferred from the Tenth)of the First,Joseph McClellan of the YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOIvUTION.413 Second,(both wounded near Yorktown,Va.),Thomas Campbell of the Fourth,John Finley of the Eighth and Robert Patten of the Tenth regiment.Joseph McClellan resigned June lo,1781,and John McClellan retired January ist,1783. These companies were nearly all under the command of Gen. Anthony Wayne,and marched to the South to reinforce the Army of Gen.Greene.Gen.Wayne's brigade took a conspicuous part in the battles in South and North Carolina,participated in the siege of Yorktown,and witnessed the surrender of Lord Cornwal- lis.The news of the capitulation was received with unbounded joy all through the country.In York there was great rejoicing, business was suspended,bells rung and a great bonfire built. The company of James R.Reid,of the Fourth Battalion,was attached to Col.Moses Hazen's regiment of the lyine,"Congress' Own,"of which he was Major from Sept.i,1777.The Armand and Pulaski Legions of Cavalry were to a considerable extent re- cruited in York county.Gottlieb Morris was Surgeon of the Armand Legion.Many York county soldiers were in the Artil- lery service and in other commands. The Revolt of the Pennsylvania Line in York,1781. In February,1781,a detachment of the Pennsylvania Line was rendezvoused at York under Gen.Wayne,which was to reinforce Gen.Greene of the Southern army.A revolt took place,the town was threatened with destruction,the citizens met to take defense, and the local militia was menaced.The mutineers were court- martialed and a number shot.' York County's Troops in Various Fields. Among the other York county troops who participated in the struggle for Independence,were battalions ofmilitia,who,in July, 1777,in obedience to call,"rendezvoused in Chester county,and were under the command of Gen.John Armstrong.They were at Wilmington,Delaware,September 3,1777,^and were engaged in battles of Brandywine and Germantown.Other York county militia were encamped at Doylestown the winter succeeding these INote 59>^.2Note49.3,^pg.Ar.N.S.480. 414 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. battles.'Many participated in the succeding campaign.^Some were detailed to guard the British and Hessian prisoners confined in large numbers in and around York.^Other York troops marched to the northern and western frontier counties ofthe State to protect the inhabitants from the Indians and their allies,the Tories,Canadians and English.^ The Penn.Archives N.S.Vol.15,page 476,give the lists of the cotmnissioned officers only of the eight battalions of York county militia for 1775-6-7-8-9,and for the first two years only in part. This militia maintained is official organization,ready for active service during the entire period of the Revolution and after,and had its regular recurring muster days." The Rosters in the Pennsylvania Archives. Imperfect lists of the York county troops that entered the Revo- lutionary service appear in the Pennsylvania Archives New Series, and,as stated,include the names of the commissioned officers of the eight battalions of the militia,in part,and the file of two militia companies only.'' These Archives were gotten up (the New Series by Dr.Henry Egle,State Librarian,and John B.Linn),by order of the State authorities,and consist of 48 volumes,inclusive of the sixteen vol- umes of Colonial Records.They contain,among other official matter relating to the history of the commonwealth,a great deal of valuable information in regard to the Revolutionary War. Probably the part most referred to,is that containing partial ros- ters of the various Pennsylvania regiments,Line and Militia, which have been of immense value to many of those desiring to join the Sons of the Revolution and kindred societies.But the Archives do not contain any of the subjoined Revolutionary lists. The Long-Lost Revolutionary Muster Rolls. The subjoined muster rolls of thirty-five of the York county >6Pa.Ar.O.S.168,169,379,426;15Pa.Ar.N.S.657. 29Pa.Ar.O.S.59,346,455;10 Pa.Ar.O.S.13J. 3Note46;9Pa.Ar.O.S.232-4-6,319,341-5,350,426;16Pa.Ar.N.S.659. <Notes33,41and 49;6Pa.Ar.O.S.497.773;7Pa.Ar.O.S.623;8Pa.Ar.O.S.524;15Pa.Ar.N. S.657.'Note 59^;13 Col.Rec.695. 6 14Pa.Ar.N.S.476,529,772. YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.415 Militia companies in the Revolution,were discovered,by the writer,after having been lost or mislaid for over a century,and have never been published.The names of those on the lists of the second and third battalions,who apparently did not serve on all occasions,from March,1777,to March,1780,but were fined as "delinquents for non-performance of Militia duty ande exrcise," will be found in note 54. It may be remarked,en passatit^that the descendants of the three millions of people who fought the Revolutionary war to a triumphantissue,number now (1896)about fourteen millions of the seventy millions of our present population,and yet the descend- ants of these three millions are foremost in every position which illustrates the dignity,power,and development of the STATES. Rules,Regulations and Equipments of Revolutionary Militia,1775. In the Rules and Regulations issued in Philadelphia in 1775, (an original copy of which is in the writer's possession,)"for the better Government of the Military Association in Pennsylvania," it was provided {infer alia)that all officers chosen or appointed in battalions formed before October,1775,in the City of Philadel- phia,were to take rank or precedence of all other officers of equal dignity,chosen or appointed in any other part of the Province. Like precedence was given to the officers of the counties according to the seniority of such counties.The battalions were to consist of at least six Companies,of not less than 40 and not more than 76 privates each,and to have officers.Colonel,Lieutenant Colonel, two Majors,a Standard Bearer,Adjutant,Sergeant Major,drum and fife Major;and the officers of each Company to consist of a Captain,two Lieutenants,one or two ensigns,four Sergeants,four Corporals and drummer and fifer;Companies of Riflemen were to consist of not less than 49 nor more than 56 privates. Every private of a rifle company was required to furnish himself with a good rifle gun,a powder horn,a charger,a bullet screw, twelve flints,a strong pouch or bag that will hold four pounds of ball,and such other accoutrements as may be proper for a rifleman. Every associator (except riflemen)was required to furnish him- 416 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. self with a good and sufficient firelock,a bayonet,a steel ramrod, worm,priming wire and brush,a cartridge box that will contain 23 rounds of cartridges,twelve flints,a knapsack,a sufficient pow- der horn,and a pouch that will hold four pounds of ball. No Company or battalion was to meet at a tavern on any of the days of exercise ;nor to march to any tavern before they were discharged. The following pay was prescribed for every day of service when attending their respective battalions or companies :An Adjutant 7 shillings and six pence,a drummer 3 shillings,a fifer 3 shillings, a drum Major and fife Major of every battalion not exceeding 15 shillings per week. If any associators left a family not of ability to maintain them- selves,his district was required to make provision for such main- tenance. All Non-Associators,capable of bearing arms,between the ages of 15 and 50 years,were assessed Two Pounds Ten Shillings each. Unpubushed Muster Rolls of Thirty-Five York County Companies in the Revolutionary War. "We do admit George Eichelberger,Michael Hahn,Baltzer Spangler,Rudy Spangler,and Geo.Stake to raise a Company of Militia inYork Town,as soon as thirty have signed to chuse officers of the Company,the said Company to be a Part of the first Battalion,and we direct the said Company tobe raised—provided that they take no Person in that Company whomay have signed thelast associa- tion in Captain Lukens or Captain IrwinsCompanies—aswitness ourHands this 27tb Day of December 1775. TAS.smith Col.Batt.MICH'L SWOOPE \ivrai,,r=>•THOS.HARTLEY L't.Coll.JOSEPH DONALDSON /'^^i°'^^- "We the Subscribers dohereby associateasa Company in the first Battalion of York County Militia as soon as thirty have signed,a Captain two Lieutenants and two Ensigns to be chosen—and wedo herebypromise and engage to comply with and adhere to the Regulations Articles and Resolutions ofthe Assembly of this Province entered into for the Government of the AssociatorsofPennsylvania, which said Regulations are to beannexed to the Association and to be binding. As witness our Hands this 27th Day of December 1775." Capt.George Eichelberger.Alartln Brenneiser. 1st.Lt.Michael Hahn.George CrafE. 2nd.Lt.Baltzer Spengler..Johannes Welsh,ab. Jacob Eichinger,ab..Johannes J'ick,ab. George Moul.James Jones.James Werley,ab. ba-.Tiuel Nelson.Xicholas Upj).Caspar Muller,ab. Ludwig Hetrick.Jacob Schram,ab.Jacob Schenck. C^>M!£^^i>^'-^^^^<^C^r>'fi^.a^T<t^^U^^-pfttz^^i!&f^tr ^*^^V..'^^Ji^^:^^^^^^„^^.»^i^^;/^^^c^^' — ^.'^^^--^-'r^^^^r^^^ <UUh ^<^'^^^.^^C^^/^/Z^^:^^^^^^'^^''^-^^f^^^, , FAC-SIMILE .REDUCED)OF THE AUTHORIZATION AND FORMATION OF YORK'S /i*LC.<rti FOURTH COMPANY IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR.'P.416.1 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.417 Jacob Rudisill,Jr.,ab. Jacob Miller,ab. Jacob Fnnck. George Spangler. Johannes Flender. James Clerck.;ib. Henrich Ranch,ab. James McCullagh. Georg Fritzlen,ab. Frederick Youce. Anthony Ritz. Nicolaus Bernharn. Jacob Duraug,ab. Johannes Wolff,ab. George Geesey,ab. Lorentz Schmahl,ab. Jacob Schneider,ab. Finken Imfelt. Lutwig Weisang. Jacob Neuman. Michal Graybill. Jacob Schreiber,ab. Johannes Kunckel,ab. George Fiarar,ab. Henry Zimmerman. Jos.Boude.John Maguire,ab. Michael Kopenhover. Michal Welder. Michal Ruger. Michael Welsh. Peter Rudoli)h Speiigler. John Fisher. Stophel Shelley. George Myer. On the adjoining page ofthe above document are the additional names:Frederick Aderholdt,John Rose,John Water and Chris- tian Slagle. The Sergeants were:Boude,Youce,Moul and Hedick;Corpo- rals,Ritz,Funck,Neuman and Brenneiser.' In the following year,1776,the said Baltzer Spengler (Jr.)was elected ist Lieut,of the fourth Company,George Michael Speng- ler,Ensign ;Christian Stake ist Lieut,of the fifth Company,and Rudolf Spengler,brother of Baltzer Jr.,Captain of the sixth Company.These Companies constituted a portion of the fivebat- talions that marched to New Jersey in 1776 to form the "Flying Camp."= Captain Rudolf Spengler's Company,1776. "A List of Part of the Inhabitants of York Town,Associators under Captain RudolfSpengler. 1st Lt.Peter Reel. 2nd.Lt.George Shnch. Ensign Christopher Stayer. Serje^mt.John Fishel. Clerk,Geo.Lewis Lefler. Jacob Schnch. John Counseiniaii. Henry Welsh. Henry Bentz,son Philip. Peter Schwartz. Philip Gossler. Frederick Danibaoli Henry Brobeck. George Bever. Henry Wolf,Ju'r. Francis Thomas. .Johannes Dallman. George Craft. Jo's Weissang. Christian Sinn. John Shall. 'Ante p.1.56. Jacob Schneercr. Dan'l Spengler. Abraham Sittler. Peter King. Geo.Nebbinger.Herman Cookes. Jacob Wolf. Jos.Rothrock. Jno.Detter. Philip Entler. Henry Wolf,sou ( Jn'o. Conrad Holtzbauni. George Wolf. Fred'k Bickel. Christian Hgenfritz. Fred'k Bringman. John Smith.Hartman Deitsh. Valentine Brenneisy. Simon Snyder. Martin Crever. Daniel Barnitz. Nicholas Brand. Weyrick Bentz. .Tohn Immel.Andrew Hertzog. Mathias Zimmer. Geo.Carman. Conrad Leatherman. Henry Bentz,son of John. James Wallace. Luke Rous. George Snyder. John Beltzner. «AnteP»95- 418 YORK COUNTY TROOPvS IN THE REVOI.UTION. Captain Yost Herbach's Company,1776. Captain Yost Herbaoh. YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.419 Tobias Heine. John Alsop. George Batchler. John Rose. John Steiner. Peter Steiner. Frederick Scepter. Jacob Lishy. Michael Fissel. Henry Fissel. Henry Krone. George Conrad. Thomas Pussel. r.eorg-e Dashner. Thorn's Parker. Stophel Zimmerman. Caspar Stoner. James Porter.Edward Barton.Wm.Chapman. Joseph Weston. Frederick Hovias. Michael Uhl. Amos Powel. Captain Charles L,ukens'Company,1776. "A Listof the officers and privates,Associators belonging to Capt.Charles Luk- ens'Company in York Town belonging to the first Battalion of the York County Militia,oomtnanded by Col.James Smith,Esquire. Captain,Charles Lukens. 1st.Lt.Christian Stake. 2nd.Lt.Ephraim Sherriflf. Jacob Holtzinger.Thomas Prior. Robert Patton. Isaac Davis. James Robb. VVm.Skinner. Henry Meyers. John Blackburn. Robert Bailey. George Test. Jolm Brown. .Vnth'y Dougherty. Martin Eichelbergi'r,Jr. Martin Carman. Charles Barnetz. Jacob Barnetz. Jacob Obb. John Shultz,Jun. Peter Haack. Robert Paisley. Joseph Adlum. John Adlum,Jun'r.Thomas Irons. Frederick Huber. Andrew Grobb. Peter Boos.Wm.McMunn.Wm.Vaines. John Forsyth. James Gorman. Godfrey Lonberger. George Graham. Wm.Nitterfeld. John Shall. David Condler. John Smith. John Willis. Frederick Houseman. Thomas Hancock. David Parker. "A true Copy of the List of Capt.Charles Lukens'Comp'yYork Town asret'd toJa'sSmith Col.ofthe ist Batt.York,&c." Captain William Bailey's Company. "The Rieturn ofCap'n Baily Comb'y in York Town. Lieu't,John Hay. Wilm.Bailey. John Hay. Christour Lauraan. Diter Furth. Paul Matzger. Henry Walter. Adam Grener. Jacob Welshans. Frederick Laumaste Christian Strahman.\braham Graufus. John Brown. Christian Beiding. William Lange. John Schultz. David Kufl. Wilm.Stoot. Xathaniel Leightner. Jacob Grever.Adam Wr.lf. Frances Jones. \braham Daner. Daniel Keiser. Jacob Lether. Jacob Crist. Andrew Nonncmaehcr. John Neit.Andrew Rabinson. Josef Wflsehans. John Struhman. George Wilt. John Schall. Martin Schreder. 'York,June 14th,1776. George StoU. Jacob Daudel.Thomes llickson. Jacob Vallydein. Jacob Barnhart. Peter Hamer. Josef Klepfer. George Bek. George Haide. Philip Gros. John Maier. Peter Hok. Philip Heckert. James Dabins. John Claydt. Henry Schultz. Jams MacCamend. 420 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. John Dicks. George Gulhiahr. Andener Schetle. Peter Streber. ,Tohn Probst. Christian Cauffman. .Tohn Fitz. William Tliamson. Abraham Kneisle. Philip W'aldismaien. Heni-y Conselmau. Philip Grener. William Clem. Jacob Endler. John Schnlt7. Balser Knibel. David Welsehans. Seth Goodwein. George Frey. Gottlib Siegel. Frederick Siegel. Jacob Hause. Henry Kiefer. Jacob Gron. Jacob Daiwele. Wilial Brown.Andony Geyer. John Grever.John Welsch. Peter Schlemer Thames liein. Christian Greithler. Nathaniel Leightnor.Jr. Jacob Baub.Hugh Dabins. Jacob Schefer.Arthur McCann. Meikel Edwards. Diter Conn. George Brionn. .Mathias Crauth. Jacob Sprenckel. .Vrchibel M.Williams. George Koch. "Heorge Eryin. Captain George Hoover's Company,1776. "The List of Captain Hoover'sCompany in Codorus Township. Captain.George Hoover. Lt.Jacob Hederick. Lt.John Sharrer. Ensign,Frederick Meyer. Serj.Samuel Glassick. Serj.Laurence Ehorbach. Serj.Theobald Snider. Serj.JGchael Behler. Corp.John Adarmel. Corp.George Kaltrider. Corp.Michael Lorick. Jacob Behler. Chi'istian Rhorbach..Tv Jacob Bear,Junior. Samuel Lorick. Jacob Ziegler,Junior Isaac Vamum. Martin Snyder. Bichard Willart. Abraham Eberhard. Frederick Eoadarmel. George Smith. Frederick Frasher. Jacob Poadarmel.Adam Foltz. Peter Gerberick. 'Theobald Kaltrider. George Bortner. Nicholas DehofE. Henry Menche. Henry Rhorbach. George DehofP. Michael Zigler. Thomas King,.^buiham Keller. Martin Sheyerer. John Gantz. Mathias Smith. John Werner. John Ott. Nicholas Eybold. Peter Krebs. William Branneman. Peter Castcllo. Peter Kenning. Daniel .Tones. Jacob Zigler,Senior. William Rnhl. Leonard Girkenhj'ser. Peter Diskin. Ulrick Folleweider. Jacob Greist. Ulrick Hoover. Jacob FoUoweider. Jacob Eppeis. Jacob Sharrer. Henry Newc Daniel Bear. Frederick Fisher. Ulrich Kneyer. Mathias Rybold. William Becker. Helffery Crammer. Nicolous Weyant. Zacharias Shug. Leonard Kneyer. Samuel Brannemafli. John Brodbeck. Michael Henning. George Rybold. Adam Reybold. John Bower. Henry Roberts. Conrad Ludwig.John Hoover. Benjamin Brenneman. Michael Sheyerer. John FolloAveider. Henry Skiles. John Ruhl. Jacob Houser. Wtndel Eberhard. .Jacob Bear,Senior. Clementz Ruhl. George Hanisbaclicr. George Krebs. Christophel Snyder. Georire Hoover,Cab." Captain Gideon Bausley's Company,1776. "A List of the Associators (in the Lower End of Shrewsbury Township in York County)Belonging to Captain Gideon Bausley's Company viz : YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.421 Capt.,Gideon Bausley. 1st.lit.John Patrick. 2n(i.Lt.,Peter Smith. ElLsigTi,Conrad Taylor. 1st.Serg.,John McDonald. 2nd.Serg.,David Jones. .Srd.Serg.,John Freeland. 4th Serg.,John Cleek Corp'l,Anthony Miiler Michael Howman. Thomas Sparks. .N'athan Jones. Aquilla WiUey. Joshua Pearse. John Millar. Sophcl Hievely. .-Vleander Osborn. Postle Sheeling. Stophel Wisehart. George Sword.John Taylor. Frederick Shinliver. Adam Hendricks. George Waltimyer. Thomas Hunt. Thomas Foster. Jacob Allt. Jacob Hedrick. James Douglas. -Michael Jordan. Nicholas Eodgeis James Marshall. Stophel Balcer. Conrad Free. John Hendricks. Siimuel .Tones. John Orr. James Freeland. tJohn Loran. John Ball Captain Simon Kopenhafer's Company,1776. [ORIGINAI,in GKRM.'VN. Kaptin,Simon Kopcnhafer. Ist.Lt.Michael Sehreiber. 2nd.Lt.Andreas Schinerd,Jun. Ensign,Jacob Ootwalt,Sr. Johannes Frey. iL^inharJ Klein. Heinrich Nos. Pet^r Bens. Jacob Kaufman. Schim Worle. Jacob Worle. Philip Wachner. William Worle. Daniel Worle. -Vndreas Eittcr. Johannes Iteittinarer. P.Reittiuger. Jacob Wachner. Johannes Reintzle. Christ Rintzle. .Johannes Schinerd. Schimy Schinerd. Johannes Wilt.Johan Gristv. Amos Herschey. .lohannes Sehreiber. \iKlreas Kraft, i'eter Schultz. Simon Kopenhafer,Ji Samuel Wilt. Falendein,Wilt. .\ndre.is Heid. I'etter Lang. George Koenich. .!acob Huft. Jacob Graft. Michael Heyd. Michlaus Herres;. Michel Sprenkel. I'hillib Windernioyer. Jones Herman. Pliillib Hoffman. I'^riedrich Heid. Heinrich Ord Georg Heinrich Haupt. Petter VVitterrecht. Jacob Hernian. Georg Witterrecht. Hans Saal. Johannes Schram. Phillib Weil, (ieorg Miller,Jun. .Tacob Ersman. Jacob Schindel. Friedrich Schindel. Jonas Gastman. Johannes Gastman. Gotfried Konig. Jonas Rutvsil. Phillib Ruttysil. llelurieh Eau. Johannes Heinrich Haii ser. Jacob Gottwalt,Jr. Johnnne.s Kricbel. Conrad Tnsmenger. Lonherd HeindeL List of Captain Jacob Biester's Company,1776. [Original in German.] 1st.Lt.,Nichlas Beck. Michael Heinrich,Sr -Micnael Heinrich,Ji-. Schims Strang. Joseph Roh. •Johannes Ber. Heinrich Ber. Jacob Thorn. Michel Sigler. .Tohannes Rubert. Lorentz Hii-schinger. ?Jichel Zimmerman. Johannes Muth. Ulrich Weber. Hales Brit. Michel Garins. Xicklas Yung. Michael Holder. Michel Bensz. Toiiannes Weil. Gorg Aber. .Johannes Aber. .Tohannes Schinberger. Conrad Leber. 422 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOIvUTION. Johannes Tbom. Aron Westschueider. Michel Bemiller. Michel KafEeld. Lohncrt Benet. Peter Schwartz. Jacob Beyer. Fhillip Beyer. Johannes Beyer. Hinrich Beyer. Daniel Herkeiis. Schared Mines. Jacob Meyer. Gorg Lafeiber,Ens'r Nickles Deh. Jacob Deh. Mathes Hartford. Frantz Graft. Nathaniel. Anton Heins. Schims Heins. Schims Bruck. Yorg-Wachtel. Saml Heist. Johannes Libhart. Johannes Crone,Sr. Johannes Crone,Jr. Peter Sekatz.Adam Hales. Lorentz Hales. Heinrich Eubert. Michel Dast. Johannes Gon. i'hilip Frey. Johannes i'rey. Jacob Berber. Gorg i'aft'. Gorg Maxhel. Conrad Seheifer. Friedrioh Lieberknecht. Gorg Has. Michel iloster.Johannes Dauchge. Johannes Star. Heinrich Albrecht. Jacob Strickler. Schims Murphy. I'eter Breckler. Schinimay Shandon. Conrad Cara. Conrad Elleberger. Andreas Gilbert. Philip Gun. Jacob Bellinger. Johannes Dellinger. Philip. Antony Keller.Adam Stantler. Johannes Immsheiser. Friedrich Utz. Christian. Philip Gun. Gonad Bulhans. Johannes Schmit. Nieklas Leber. Gorg Boner. Jacob Strominger. Johannes Landis. Michel Peterman.Gorg Reinhard. Martin Kuler. Friedrich Fitz. Christel Landis. Peter Wambach. Philip Mulhof,Sr. Philip Mulhof,Jr.Adam Handel. Lorentz Handel. Heinricli Haltzel.Gorg Attig. Johannes Abi. Jacob Stagmeier. Gorg Wollbach. Petter Dridt. Peter Diete. Johannes Weber. Friedrich Lambert. Heinrich Diethofs. Christof Nagel. Bil Critli. Johannes Simden. Philip Herman. Christian Rathsban. Peter Stab. Michel Bricker. Captain George Long's Report. "John Hay Esqr.,Sub.Lieut,ofYork County. "Lancaster ye 7thJanr.1778. "Sr: "You Desired me to Send you an account of the Men I have Presend and the names of them By Lt.Elefritz.I Do not know if I shall send a seperade Roleof the Substitutes,oraltogether.I shall give you a List,first of the Militia andthe Substitutes following.[Here follows the lists.] "I amvery much Surprised that these men that you wastosend is not Come yet,according to jt.Promise und perhaps you may be Inosend,thatthey may havebeenonluckey in Crossing the River. "Sr&Friend: "I have Received Arms yesterday but not Compleat,and the Town Mayor is very Much Surprized thatYork County Could not afford a Waggon for my Compy and I fear I will not getone,but that the Compy is obliged to carry their Baggage on their Backs to the Discreditofthe County,and alsosomeof the freeman,and spoke to us why York County Did not turn out better,but I could not make an answer in the County's Defense,but was to answerwith Silence. "Sr,I am with Respect&c Whitest "GEORGE LONG,Capt." YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.423 Captain George IvOng's Company,1778. "A List of Arms,accouterments and Ammunition &c of Capt.,George Longs CompyofYorkCounty Militia,LancesterJan.7th 1778." This is followed by the subjoined names of the commissioned and non-commissioned officers and privates.The arms and accou- trements reported for the company were:38 "Firelocks,"15 "Bayonets and Belds,"40 "Catridge Boxes and Belds,"76 "Flintes,"474 "Catridges"and 6 "Kitles." Captain,George Long. Lt.Chris'r Elefritz. Lt.John FieheL Serg't,George Moore. Serg't Jacob Sprenkle. Serg't,John Willard. Corp'l,Martini Kerman. Corp'l,Seth Goodwin. Corp'l,Philip Wagon- er. John Wilhelm. Felix Miller. George Wilhelmn. Philip Wagoner. Kasper Willard. Edw'd Lostikel. Peter W.Naught, McDonough. Philip Grim. Peter Grim. John Long. Luke McLeese. John Graham. Patrick Oloan. Michl Grim. George Zech. John Dolsman. Jacob Speck. Jacob Kook. Jacob Layman. Henery Ryschell. George Fleeger. Forrist McKutchin. Thos.Ryan. Martin Mayer. Henery Miller. Jacob Houx. Jacob Doederly. Pet^r Shoemaker. David Parker. Edw'd Musgrove. Michael Kurtz. A Prison Guard,1778. "From 7 to 9 from il to i on gard the 17 March 1778,Christopher Lauman. South Gard Commanded by DanlDoll from 9 to 11 from i to 3. Ignatious Lightner. John Philby. Jacob Waltimire. Andrew Colhoon for Michls.Edwards,Sr. John Yous. Jacob Graybill. John Hubly. Charles Lauman. Clemence Stillinger. Martin Fry. Henry Lanius. Loience Shultz. John Koch,Junr. Peter Glasbrenncr. John Williams.Wm.Mim.Henry Small. Jacob Welsh. Jacob Bidner. John Egnew. George Lutman. John Phliger. Geo.Giess. Barny Smith. Peter Hess. Christian Heckendom. John Hirely. Joseph Updengraff. Thomas Koons. John Stribich. .Vbraham Lifflitner. Doctor Daniel Shefcr. Peter Kurtz. Hienry Erwin. Peter Lightner. John Lafferty.Thomas McKinsy. Stephen Hary. .Tacob Welshlians. .Tacob Heckert. .Tacob Furry. Doctor Emanuel Dowel. Geo.Stoll. Hamilton Bagley. ^lichnel Sehriber. William Norris. John Shetly. Joel Gray. William Mayson. Richard Hiekson. .John Eicheberger. Philip Miller. Second Battalion. "Organized 1775.Returnmade April 5th,1779. "Col.Wm.Rankin;Lieut.Col.John Ewing;MajorJohn Morgan. 424 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. "THIRD COMPANY. "Return from Seacont Badalion ofYork County Manchester Tawnshipforethen! that hase Mostertand for them that hase not Mostert for the year ofourLord 1779. Simon Coppen-Haffer Capt'n." Capt.,Simon CoppenhafEer. 1st.Lt.,Michael Schrelber. 2nd.Lt.,xVndrew Smith. Ensign,Jacob Gotwalt. MOSTERT. Michael Wentz. George Henry Houser. John Kroll. George Eomig. Frederick Haeck. Conrad E.Menges. George Weiterecht. Reinhart Klein. Henry Ort. Peter Weiterecht. Peter Schultz. Henry Ness. Peter Bentz.Ludwig Shindel.Andreas Haeck. Jacob Ness. Jacob Herman. John Hoerst. John Schran. Jonas Rudisily. John Humrichliouser. Godfried Koenig. Valentine Wilt. George Miller. Henry Eudisily. John Frey. Nicholas Hantz. Jacob Gotwalt. .Nicholas Krasz. I'eter Bang. Simon Kopen Hiifl'iM-. .Vdam Holtzapple. Heny Decker. Philip Benedick. Frederick Ehresmann. NOT MOSTEIIT. .Tims Schmitd. "FIFTH COMPANY. 'Returnmade April 5,177S. Capt.,Emanuel Herman. 1st Lieut.,William Mower 2nd.Lt.,John Brodrough. Ensign,Herman Hoopes. Ludwig Moll. John Haler. John Inners. John Graff. Christian Eyster. John Emig. John Romer. Valentine Oberdorff.Adam RolfE. Peter Zeigler. Lenhart Ebly. Peter Weigle.Lenhart Holtzapple. Valentine Krantz. Jacob Rudy. John Oldhan. Conrad Eisenhard. John Hagner. Andreas Hooek. Ebly. Dietz Amand. Gabriel Derr. Mathias Schmeisser. Peter Otinger. John Kauffelt. Jacob Ziegler. -Vndreas Schneider. Killian ZeigUer. Sebastian Weigel. Robert Inners. George Rotrock.John Kurtz. Christian Ebly. Henry Ottinger. George Leckrone. Jacob Ottinger. Abraham Greinawald. Henry Schultz. John Miller. Martin Weigel. Conrad Weigel.Jacob Schmeisser. Isaac Gartman. Isaac Gartman,Jr. Andreas Meyer. Lenhart Lecrone. Simon Nirdmeyer. Philip Winterraoyer Wm.Rieth. Conrad Weikel. Yost Stork. Jacob Ernst. John Hoffman, Nathan Worley. Andras Eitter. Jacob KaufEman. Jacob Worley. John Willes. John Krebiel. John Schmidt. John Herman. Jims Worley. Andreas Hirshey. Jacob Huff.John Kaffman. Christian Kneizley. Joshua Horten. Frank Worly. Andrew Ginigam. John Nesbinger. Martin Ebert. Peter Menges. Jacob Bott. Philip Ebert. Peter Sprenkel. Philip Ziegler. Isaac Sterner, .loseph Rothrock. George Bott. ilichael Ebert.Jacob Eoemer. Gottleib Riger. Peter Lienck. George Sprinckel. Joseph Kriebel. George Eyster,Jr. Jacob Bushong. Michael Lau. .Tohn Hoock. Stephen Finfrock. Jacob Odenwalt. Peter Wolff. Elias Eyster. John Ottinger. Mathias Detter. Dietrick Ruppert. .lacob Herritz. Peter Sprenckel. YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.425 Jacob Hoock. George Ferror. Jonas Bott. Philip Heiges. George Eyster. Casper Koren. John Gratz. John Frey. irichael Emlet. Weitzel. Henry Weltzhoffer. Robert Bayly. Gottleib Fackler. Michael Finfrock. Gt-orge Menges.John Oberdorft". Jacob Meisenkop. Jacob Bauer. Philip Stell. Third Battalion. 'Organized in 1775.Return made April5,1778. 'Col.DavidJamison,Lieutenant Colonel,Philip Albright,Major,Wm.Scott. 1st.Capt.,Jacob Beaver. 1st Lt.,Nicholas Bakei' 2nd.Lt.,John Bare. Ensign,George Lefeber. James Muriy. Nicholas Young. John Shenberger. Conrad Lever. .Michael Peterman. Martin Kealer. Peter Tritt.Wm.Bradly. Michael Bemiller. Jacob Byer. Charles Means. John Goan. John Rupert. iVIiehael KofEeld. Peter Svyartz. Henry Byer. Nathan Phersize. Samuel Christ. Ulrieh Weber. Philip Fry. George Maxfleld. Philip Stees. John Landis. George Autick. John Simson. Conrad Lora. Jacob Strickler. Frederick Eaty.John Imenheiser. John Ebay. Michael Henry,Jr. Nicholas Dey. John Croan. Michael Dush. Paul Tritt. George Poff. Frederick Lebeknecht. John Douchki. Andrew Gilbert. Jacob Dellinger. Iliilip Goan. George Auble. Jacob Stromenger. Lorentz Haindel,Jr. Henry Hailzel. Aaron Kephsnyder. John Byer. John Leaphart. ^Michael Zimmerman, John Mude. George Gause.Henry Bear. Joseph Reh. Daniel Harkena. Peter SeaCat. Henry Rooby. Lorentz Hersinger. John Dellinger. John Auber. George Beaner. Jacob Stakenar.George Woolpack. I'eter Dity. Henry Deethoff. Michael Broocker. Jacob Deh. Francis Graflf. .Andrew Heins. Lorentz Paul. Michael Garious. Conrad ShaifCer. Michael Mosser. Peter Treckler. Jeremia Johnson. .\nthony Keller. George Rinehard. Christopher Noble. Christian Rothfand. James Strong. John Toam. Philip Ulrieh Eleberger. Philip Hune. Adam Stentler. Conrad Lookhoup. Michael Holder. Frederick Fitz. Christopher Laundi«. Peter Wambach. John Weber. Frederick Lambert. Philip German.John Smith. Nicholas Bentz. Philip Millhove. .Adam Haindle. Peter Steap. James Hines. John Croan,Sr.Adam Pauls. Michael Sigler.John Stair. Henry Allbright. Conrad Brevi^backer. 2nd Capt.,Godfry Fry. 1st Lieut.,John Bushung. 2nd Lieut.,George Spangler. Ensign,James Jones.George Brown.Jacob Lefeber.John Trychler.John Rankin. Gotfry Sumwalt. John Rode. Mathias Stuart. Henry Stouffer. William Sprenkle. Henry Breninjrer. 426 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. Jacob Lehman. George Bentz. Edward Prion.Andrew Miller. Georg'e Michael Peter. Michael Fishel. Christian Shewe. Abraham Welshance. \\illiam Johnston. Henry Jones. Jacob Morks. Daniel btouffer. Jacob Keller. John Spangler. Jacob Speck. Michael Kurtz. Henry Greenewalt. George Deal. Jacob Koch. Conrad Kissinger. George Fliger. Jonas 8pangler. Christian Sipe. Philip Spangler. Peter Leman. Frederick Houshill. Martin Weller. Martin Speck. Stephen Laundes. Peter Wolf. Peter Deal. Samuel Detwiler. Michael Spangler. Henry Spangler. Jacob Byer. Yogam Leman. Christian Betz. Jacob Freed. Christian Hogman. John Gusler. George Boly. Daniel Mosser.Henry Wissendaul. Peter Peter. George Swartz. John Stuart. James Shaw. John Minster. Peter Foust. John Imel. Wier Bentz.John Bush. George Ley. Jacob Fliger. Nicholas Deal. 3rd Capt.Peter Forte. 1st Lient.,Christopher Stear. 2nd Lieut.,Andrew Hertzoeh. Ensign,Jacob Welshanec. John Kean. John Peasly. Peter Schlimer. Daniel Kiser. George Nebinger. Henry Bonix. Philip Shipe. Lorentz Etter. Gotfrey Loneberger. John Welch. Joseph Craft. Alexander McKitrieh. Henrv King. David Welshance. .John Good. Mathias Pourt. Peter Rose. Henry Hofe. Henry Myer. .\ndrew Nunemaker. Francis Koontz. Frederick Lowmaster. Frederick Tombach. Anthony Eons. Michael Edward. John Wolf,Jr. Frederick Youse. Martin Shreader. .Abraham Pick. Frederick Wyer. Peter Dinkle. William Whit^.James McCuUock. George Fritz. George Waldimyer. Jacob Faekler. Jacob Ereon. Thomas Eyon.Wm.McMun. John Propst. .John Shultz. James Kopp. .Jacob Sprenkle. VVm.Fondorow.Adam Wolf. George Shook. .Jacob UpdegrafE, Francis Jones. Killian Small. Samuel LeedJ^ Gotfry Ream. Abraham Danner. James Smith. Henry Joseph UpdegrafE. Nathaniel Lightne Fincence Infelt. George Peek. John Edward. .Jacob Weaber. .John Gohoet. George Fry. Henry Bouch. Jsaac Jones. George Mock.Anthony Ritz. 4th Capt.,Christopher Lowman. 1st Lient.,Ephriam Pennington, 2nd Lieut.,John Fishel. Ensign,Charles Bamitz. Casper Miller. Samuel tJpdegrafE. Felix Conneway. Peter Shitz. Thomas Hixon. Abram Sittler.Adam Gardner. Valentine Brenisen John Biers. Henry Walter. Abram Gravious. Edward McDermit. Thomas Prior. John Jjeisser. John Wolf.John Altifrid. (teorge Hope. .\bram Knisely. George Goodyear. Frederick Bringman. Philip Endler. George Test. Jacob Miller. Martin Frey. Ludwick Wisong.Andrew Bijlmj'er. Jacob Welshance. Alexander Donaldson. Joseph Tott. John Pick. YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.427 Leonard Bensl. 428 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. Nicholas Sins. Bastian Erig. Casper Fisher. Jacob Fliger. John Myer. Nicholas Waltman. Jacob Sherer,Jr. Martin Stock.John Shoemaker.John Long. Uilliam Higert. Frederick Fliger. Jacob Geesey. Michael Hornish. Michael Sytz, Conrad Shentler. George Wilhelm. Christian Shetler. Jacob Keman. John Kerehard. Bernhard Kousler. Peter Byer. Henry Fisher. Ulrich Neaf.Henry Dolman.Jacob Shearer. Andrew PefEerman. George Neat. William Miller. P'elix Albright.Abram Swingwiler.Adam Fishel. 7th Capt.,Michael Hahn. 1st Lieut.,John Minn. 2nd Lieut.,Thomas Iron Ensign,Christian Sinn. John Kurtz. John Shultz,hatter.Adam Greber.James McLaughlin. George Stake. ..ohn Bear. Jacob Durang. Mr.Kenet}'. George Craft. (leorge Maul. Jacob Upp. Michael Doudle.Ludwick Headiok.John Shall. Conrad Letherman. Philip Weltzheimer. David Candler. John Flender. George Wiit. lUidoIph Spanglcr. Christian Ilgenfritz. John Collins. Charles Brooks. Andrew Welsh. (Erion). Michael Wey.Adam Cookes. George Stull. Samuel Johnston. Mathias Zimmer.Ambrose Updegraff. John Love. Peter Bear, tienry Wolf,Jr. Jacob Rothrock. Geo.-Michael SpongltJohnKunkle.James M'Kea. Jacob Elchlnger. James Love. John Shultz. Andrew Shetley. Martin Greber. George Shall.Thomas Eaton. Baltzcr Spengler. William Love. Paul Metzgar. Simon Schniter. Jacob Gardner. Jacob Shank. Abraham Updegraff. Francis Worley. Frederick Aderhold. Michael Widner.Jacob Shaffer. Nathan Updegraff. (5eorge Irvin. John Welsh. William Long. William Kersey.Enoch Pennett. John Wall. Nicholas Brand. Jacob Bernhard. Jacob Funk. William Welsh, .lohn Greber. Peter Mundorff. Jacob Schriber. Frederick Pickle. Nathaniel Lightner. C nristopher Sheeley. Christian Herman. George Gees. Jacob Newman. Sixth Battalion. "Organized in 1776.Return made April 26th,1778." The Battalion is designated on these rolls as the 6th.In Vol.14, Penna.Archives,N.S.page 507,which gives the names of the commissioned officers of these battalions only,all the companies of the Sixth Battalion,except the first,are erroneously placed in the Eighth Battalion.See also Note 17. "Colonel,William Ross;Major,David Wiley, FIRST COMPANY. Capt.,Laird.Wm.Clark. let Lieut.,Wm.Heed. Ensign,David Steelt. Archibald Greeless. Jas.Edgar. Benj.Cunningham. YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.429 Patt Quigley. Alex Cooper. James Buchannan. Robt.Rowland. Nicholas Cooper.James Breckenridge. John Commins. John Lewiston. Saml.Meisaac. Saml.Cuning.Wm.Thomson. Robt.Glenn. Joseph Ross. Michael McMullan.Andw Rowen. James Lard.John Glendenon. John Lemon. John Holbort. Geo.Nicle. James Sims. Patt.Scott. Wm.Carkey. John Taylor. Theo.Patton. Jonathan Burgess. ,lohn Uoherty.Wm.Mclleny. John ilajor. Wm.Coloin. Hugh Ciiiwfoni. Saml.Fulton.Hugh Faton. John Williamson. Robt.Armstrong.Wm.Wallace. Thos.Cooper. Thos.Hawkins. Benj.Willson. Robt.Torbert. Jas.Robison. Richard Cord. Jacob McCnIougli. Josiah Scott. Williarr.Galougher. John Neal. John Cooper. Wm.Russel. James McCroney. Saml.Bohanan. Saml.Willson. Benj.Bifet. SECOND COMPANY, Ist.Lieut.,Isaac MoKissick. 2nd.Lieut.John Smith. Ensign Thomas Dixon. .Jas.Hamilton. Frederick Satler. James Young. John Duncan. Martin Ovcrmiller. Jasper Clements. Nelson. Geo.Egert.Wm.Melurg.Andw.Troudfoot. John Blosser. Francis Seecrost. Jacob Yost. Michael Morrison. John Bohanan. James Steel. Andw-.Thompson. John Anderson. Capt.Joseph Reed. 1st.Lieut.Robt.Smith Ensign Samuel Colins. Benjamin Paden.Wm.Tulerton.Wm.Mahlin. Joseph Kellit. David Patterson. Michael Travis. Aaron Finley. Adw.Fulton. Peter Bryfugle. Robt.Proudfoot. .\dani Reed. David Proudfoot. Anthony Beamau. Patt.P'urdy. Evan Griffith. James McElroy.Solomon James. Robt.Dixson. Xicolay Feeple. Joseph .Vowland. .Tames Purdy. Saml.Ro.^borough. Jacob Householder. Samuel Smith. Stephens Cornelius. Stophcl Hively. THIRD COMPANY. Moses Wallace. Frederick McPherson Wm.Johnson.Wm.Martin. Henry McCormick. Samuel Nelson.John Wallace. Robt.Nelson. Philip Conol. Robt.Martin. .\lex.Threw. Mathias Morrison. Thos.Matson. John McCanless. .ro.«ei)h Heury.Wm.Bolentine. Patt.Downey, .lohn Tagert. Hobt.Fliwen. .las.Sample, (ieo.Mitchel. Thos.ilorris. Wm.Cooper.Wm.Snodgrass. Jas.Milligan.Edw.Morris. Hugh "RTiiteford. Theop.Jones .John Webb. Thos.Steel.John Thomson. James Galeaghar. .Vbram Mickey. .Tas.Heirs, .facob Reed. William Rowen. .lohn .Neilsou. Renj.Yont. Elisha Pew. Jacob Sadler, .lohn Griffith. Robf.McKay. Robt.Carswell. Henry Craig. Henry Householder.Wm.Neilson.James ilcAlister. David Gemil. Wm.Boyd. Heurv Cuninghani. Robt.'Straffort. Kobt.Swan, .lohn Meisaac. David AHderson. James Pegan. William Smith.John Smith. Saml.McMichacl.Wm.Wallace. Saml.Peden. Robt.Addair. Alex.McAlister. John Lusk. Matt.Wallace. Wm.Patterson. George Thompson James Lodge. 430 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. James Tatterson. James Robinson. Aaron Wallace. John Carker. John Williams.John Robinson. James Ridgeway. George Henry. John McMlllon. John Duncan. Thos.Hirkwood.Hugh Reed. Samuel FuUerton. Saml.Reed. James Kirk. John Wallace. Francis Holton. Alex.Orr. FIFTH COMPANY. Capt.Joseph Moftit. 1st.Lieut.Andrew Warrick. 2nd.Lieut.Samuel Moor. Ensign James Wilson. Charles Hay. John MeCulough. Saral.Roe. Daniel Robb. John Gibson. John McKell. Joseph Cross. Robt.McDonald. James Willson. John ^Montgomery.Wm.Godfrey. Rob-t.McCleiand. Andrew Sloan. Matt.Ewen.Wm.Comon. .Tohn Howel. Hugh McCutchen. Wm.Willson. Henry West. James Willson. Capt.John Reppey. 1st.Lieut.John ColvWm.Bohanan. John Conor. John MeClaln. Wm.McCleiand. John Cummins. James Parks.John Ramzy. Robt.McGl'll. Wm.McCullough. Saml.Leeper. .Tohn Buck. Saml.Pollock. Jacob Vizage. John Fullerton. Robt.Steward. Saml.Eliot. John Miller. John Shinard. Geo.Egart. Samuel Wattson.John Marshel. Wm.Douglass. .Tohn Anderson.Wm.Edgar. Frederick Kross.Wm.Ramsay. David Fulton. Patt.Colwell.Abraham Sinord. Joseph Manifold.Wm.Feries. Wm.Edie.Wm.Ligget. John Cross.Wm.Willson. SIXTH COMPANY. Walter Robinson. John Buchannan. Moses McWhorter. Saml.Ramzv.Andw.McClery. Matt.McCall. Hugh Dougherty. James Woran. Alex.McCulongh.John Houge. Davi<l McConlough. .Tohn Morrison. William Morrison. John Dougherty. SEVENTH COMPANY. ('apt.Joseph Reed (Ferryman). .\rchibald Shaw. James Sprout..Tohn Elder. John Andrew.Robt.Walker. James Downing.John Hill. Robt.Finley. James Henry. Rowlen Stevens.Wm.Fulerton,Jr.Wm.Henry. Wm.Nicol. Saml.Martin, Patt.King. Alex.Thompson. James Agm.Av. Thos.Balden. James Hutchensou. Conaday. John Ramzy. Nehemaih Armstrong. James Harper. Joseph Harrison. Peter Roberts. Wm.Morrord.Wm.Spitler. John Rlchey. Thos.Ray. Patt.Douglass. John McKltrlck. Benjamin Manifold Robt.Anderson. David ilanson. James Anderson. John Willson. Alex.Ramzy. David Hart. John Curry. Gavin Scott. George Aurson.John McHarsy. John Stewart. Saml.Stewart. Robt.Zeliss. .Tames Greer. Patt.Masewell. Alex.Fullerton. Francis Andrew. Thos.Johnson. .Tames Lord. Patt.Smith. James Hill. Thos.Duncan. John Douglass. Alex.Ccioper. Saml.Sprout. John Kelly. YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.431 John Bobb. Geor.Burholder.James Hill. Wm.Hill. James Perron. James Jolly.Wm.Smiley. Thos.Willsou. Danl.Shaw. A.McCulough. John Stewart.Wm.Quigley.James Newton. James Shaw. Henry Robinson. Da\'id McKinley. James Spear. .Joseph Kobb. William Willson. Cornelius Ward. Abrah.Barber.James Stewart. Kobt.Blain. Michael McAnulty. Isaac Williams. Robt.Hill. Joseph Jackson. Charles Bradshaw. Wm.Wedgeworth. John McCall. James Elder. Tames Forsythe. Thos.Newton. Wm.Long-. Robt.Forsythe. John Reed.John Reed. Saml.McCIurg-e. Saml.Caldwell. Hug-h Sprout. .John Gorden.Wm.MeCalough. John McKinley. Alen Seath. Alex.Downing. .Joseph Reed. Robt.McGhee. The David McKinley above mentioned—born May i6,1755 — was the great-grandfather of Hon.William McKinley,Republican candidate for president of the United States,1896.After the Revolution,it is said,he lived in Westmoreland county.Pa.,15 years;then removed to Mercer county,Pa.,and in 1814 settled in Columbiana county,Ohio.His widow made application for United States Pension August 15,1832. David McKinley,in 1776,was in Col.Richard McAlister's Third Battalion York County Militia,which marched to Eastern NewJersey to form the Flying Camp.' Robert P.Porter,in his life of Hon.Wm.McKinley,states that David was a son ofJames McKinley who emigrated from the North of Ireland when twelve years old.The York county Court House records show that this is erroneous.The father of David wasJohn McKinley,who died in February,1779.The father of the latter was David McKinley,weaver,to whom was granted,by deed,a tract of land in Chanceford township,by the Proprietaries of Penn- sylvania,April I,1751. EIGHTH COMPANY. Capt.Thos.McNerry. Ist.Lieut.Wm.Adams. Adajn Heener. Jacob Gering. Casper Saylor. Jacob Crowl. Mathew Adams. Nicholas Qnigley. George List.John Tinny. John Murphy. John Amald. Ante p.405. Nicholas Strayer. Philip Elis. Andw.Koon. John Oolrigh. George Elis. .Jacob Spotts. Jtichael Koon. Jacob Koon. .John Buchannan. William Owins. Willi.ira Adams. Robert Pendry. Wm.McClorg. Wm.Adams,big. David McNary. .\dam Quickel. Henry Adams.Henry Fodd.Henry Growl. William Adam,old. Jacob Sypher. •Jacob Weester.Owin McLaughlen. Ludwick Keeth. 432 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. James Porter. Charles Stewart. Richard Pendry. Ceter Stoyler. Matthew Hunter Andw.Stayley. Geo.Keener.John Koon. James ircLaii^;iiliii I'hilip Winter. Thomas Groove. John -Armstrong. David Johnson.John Cooster. Joseph Allison. George Cooster. John French.Wm.Eeed. Seventh Battalion York County Militia. Col.,David Kennedy;Lieut.Col.,James Agnew;Maji FIRST COMPANY. Col.David Kennedy. Lieut.Col.James Agnew. Major,John Weams. Captain John Myers. 2nd.Lieut.Abram Bollinger. Ensign Daniel Haumm. Joseph .A.llender. George Swartz.Wm.Frankleberger. Henry Shiles. Jacob Hofner. Jacob Miller. Saml.Breneman. Jacob Eodarmel. Martin Snyder.Lawrence Hileman. Michl.Peter. Fredk.Waggoner. .Tncob Colier. Martin Barkhymcr. Jacob Bealer. Christian Soabaugh. Philip Stambaugh. JoBeph Brilherd. Rorbaugh. George Warley. Stephen Peter,Sr. Stephen Peter.Jr. .Tohn Rever. George Miller. Philip Stambnugh,Sr. George Keller,over nge Helphrey Cramer. Ulrich Fulwider. Xicholas Dehoff. Martin Gistwhite. Benjn.Breneman. (•icorge Fenceler. Michl.Hileman. John Beigher. .lohn Verner. John Miller,forgave. SECOND COMPANY. Captaiu,Thomas White. let.Lient.,Robert .Tefferis. 2nd.Lieut.,John Jeffeeris. Ensign Alex.Lees. George Conrod. Peter Koontz. Christian Hershey. Christian Road. Michl.Strawsbaugh. Joseph Hershey. Danl.Oaks. Philip Miller. iienrv Frankleberge .Andw.Smith. Fredk.Septre. .Tohn Horn. John Dull. Thos.Hunt. I'hillip Senif.Wm.Bond. Joseph Hershey, Michl.Leckner. John Rose.John Kinkennon Jr. Danl.Freil.Hugh Davis. Tlenrv Fissel. Tobias Helsel. John Helsel. Frank Wrinkler. Pet<'r Rattz.Henry Horn. Mathias Firestone. George Dashner. Henry Fissel Sadler, .lohn Wertz. Michl.M'Canu. Michl.Fis.^el. .Tacob Wertz. Jacob Byers. George Hines. Andw.Hershey. Francis HufP. Solomon Mooler. ,John Weams. And.Miller. Francis Stritehoof. Zachary Shoe. Danl.Tones. Harry Strayer. Christian Ruble. Jacob Abley. Harry Warley,Jr. Ulrich Huver. Henry Baker. John'Snell. Henry Warley,overnge. Jacob Keller,Sr.John Ott. Peter Noll. Henry Snyder. Nichs.Wyant. Peter Stambaugh. Jacob Bealor,Jr. John Rudisil. Henry Kesler. Christian Prigner. Thos.Evans. Adam First. Peter Hershev.Wm.White. Joseph Keepers. Philip Fissel. Danl.Wertz. Xichs.Bence. .\dam Dentlinger.Wm.Chapman. .\bram.Koontz. Christian Young. .Tohn Everson. \alentine Runk.Adam Huff. .Tohn Simmon. Thos.Piesel. Wendle Fissel. Martin First. .Tohn Dicke,Sr. Jacob Mooler. Jacob Wire YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.433 THIRD COMPANY. Capt.,John Miller. 1st.Lieut.,Peter Smith. 2nd.Lieut.,John McDonald Ensig-n Acquilla Wyley. Christian Frey. Henry ShatTer. Solomon Nonemak DanJ.Bailey. (ieorge Waltiinyer. Michl.Howman. Wm.Anderson. David Jones. Michl,Felter.Andw.Krist. Wm.Hendricks. John Shelly. Michl.Garveric. Jacob Baker.Edward Wood. Jacob Seabaugh. John Clink. Philip Herring. Kd'd Barton. Jacob Brillhart. Lawrence Klinefelter. John Shyrcr. Thos.Dicken. Christian. Peter Baker. John Low. James Hendrick. John Keller. .Tames Marshall. Jlichl.Cong-le. Jacob Headrick. Casper Lntz.Amos Dicken. Henry Downs. John Freeland. Frederick Miller. George Eisenhart. Godliep Howman. Isaac Hendricks. Jacob Buzzard. Wendle Hoist. \mbrose Wilcox. John Davis. Danl.Kurfman. Jacob Alt. Ulrich Sipe.Nathan Jones. Joseph Turner. James Swinney. George Dommine. Frederick Rule. Alex.Osbourn. John Dicken.Wm.Patterson. Sebastian Shilling. George Peary. Michl.Hubley. .John Klinefelter. Urias Freeland. .John Hunt. Joseph Lowbridge. ,Tohn Beard. Adam Hendricks. The list of the foregoing company,when first organized in 1775 in the lower end of Shrewsbury township,is in the writer's pos- session.The officers then were:Gideon Bausley,Capt.;John Patrick and Peter Smith,Lieutenants,and Conrad Taylor,Ensign. FOURTH COMPANY. Capt.Peter Zollinger. 1st..Lieut.,Daniel Amer. 2nd.Lieut.Joseph Baltzley. Ensign,Anthony Sryd Frederic Walter, •lohn Kell. ((otliep Briznei .rohn Titto. Conrad Walk. Philip Jacobs. Danl.Noel. Peter Gise. Bloss Noel, .lohn Brigner. Philip Emeck. Nicholas Goip. Conrad Haver.sti Wendle Gjer. .iacob Baker. ,Tohn Brener.Wm.Mummett,J Peter Prigner.John Bower. H-k. Philip Swisegood.Adam Player,Junr. Lawrence Rorbaugh. Ulrich Bernhard. John Taylor. Danl.Reinull. Stophel Weymiller.Adam Pypher.Adam Player,Senr. John Mummett. Abram.Bowser.Wm.Mummett,Senr. (ieorge Tresler. Jacob Bower. Henry Long. Henry Jacobs. John Hidler. Jacob Snyder. George Jacobs. FIFTH COMPANY. Capt.,John Erman. 1st.Lt.,Daniel Pelerman, Henry Baltzley. Danl.Bowser. Valentine Barkhyme Richd.Mummett. John Naugle. Henry Walter. David Baker.Noah Bowser. Christian Baker. Conrad Dull. Patrick McHailey. .Jacob Bowser.Wm.Philebe. .\dam Brener. Jacob Long. Christopher Walter. Jacob Stifler. Nicholas Dillow. Ludwick Heiner. .Tohn Lane. Henry Heiney. 2nd.Lt.Michael Bush. Ensign,George Erman. 434 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. George Seigh. John Colier. Christian Keller. Henry Miller. Andw.Myer.John Miller. Martin Feigrle. Gilian Dippinsrer. Bernard Blvmyer. Christian Stively. Martin Hart. Philip Shaffer. Baltzler Colier. Nicholas Peary. Mathias TrorbaughHenryKeller. John Stively. Andw.Peary. Christopher Myers. Lawrence Eose.John Stites. Frederice Phenice. Saml.Brilheart. Michl.Myer. Abram.Eever. Capt.,George Giselman. 1st.Lt.,Frederick Reiner. 3nd.Lt., Ensign,Valentine James Flowers.John Crowl.Henry Klotfelter. T^Tichi.Peltz. John Smith. .Tacob Shyrer. Jacob Fnnhnver. .Tacob Shatter. George Low. .Joseph Bigler. George Walter. Jacob Winter. Christian Klintinch George Deal. .Tacob Henrv. Jfichl.Jvlotfelter.Henry Hildebrand.George Nyman. Christian Slichael. Felix Klotfelter. Alt. Joseph Situs. John Shyrer. Jacob Peck.Adam Deal.Matthew Allison. Henry Byers. Conrad Alt. John Klinfelter. Charles Hymes. Michl.Shultz. John Fry. Andrew Low. Philip Appleman. Ulrieh Noyer. Andw.Miller. Michl.Erman. Thos.p:arhart. Philip Taylor. John Olp. Felix Hildebrand. John Grimes.Adam Pose. David Shaffer. Jacob Earhart. Michl.Bush. SIXTH COMPANY. Michl.Jlitchel. Henry Wideman. Yones Lordon. Christopher Zimmer- man. Peter Lise. Melchor Pypher. Christian Breneman. John Byer. :\tichl.vShenk. Andw.Shietler.Godphroy Klintinch. Adam Pope. Charles Sliuman. .Tohn Pope. Casper Hildebrand. Bernard Zeagler. HeniT Lise. Michl.Hofner. George Piper. Anthony Leaman.SEVENTH COMPANY. Capt.,Jacob Ament. 1st.Lieut.,Andrew Pawley. 2nd.Lient.,Nicholas Andrews. Ensign,Adam Klinefelter. Philip Shaffer. George Road.John Weist. .John Trimmer.Henry Whaler. Andw.Trimmer.Abram Road. Bernhard Spangler,Ru-Mathias Craff. dy's son. George Bailey.Herman Miller. Conrad Swartz. Casper Clotfelter. Charles Deal. Henry Frey. Jacob KofEelt. Francis Grove. Valentine Armspoke David Byer. Nicholas'Hope. Jacob Hildebrand. Christian Rush.Henry Hess. Jacob Brilhart. Jlichl.Myer. John Brilhart. Jacob Bailey.Edw.MusgTove. Lawrence Cramer. Thos.Tise. Earnest Alp. Tobias Miller. Peter Klinfelter. Joseph Hosier. John Quarterinan. Bernard Spengler,Jo- nas'Widow's sou. Andw.Friderick. Jacob Fulwider. Christian Hosier. Jlichl.Rose.Jacob Zeagler. Abram.Swartz. John Grow. Jacob Welchhaus.Henry Swartz.John Dicken. Peter Low. Jacob Henry. Valentine Lore. George Sliskman. Emanuel Niswonger. .Tacob Knrfman. George Emick. I'hilip Hileman. Philip Altland. Philip Krist. Jtichl.Panlet. .Tohn Kanlkrider. Ludwick Pope. Jacob Swartz. Christian Linbaker. John Tinkey. Adam Fultz. YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.435 Henry Spangler,Jouas' son. Jacob Koad. Jacob Stover. Michl.Sunday. Christian Welst. (ieorge Rudy. Saml.Arnold. Peter Fuse. John Sharke. Jacob Tortiseman. Christopher Hymes.Kndy Klinpeter. Peter Moore. Chistopher Kemp. David Griffith. Martin Rafflespergcr. Peter Deardorph. John Buse. John Baker.Amos Powel. Henry Say. (ieorge Wollet. John Myer. John vSunday. Henry Spangler,Rudy's son. Philip Stoofer. David Griffith.John John. John Applemau. Casper Bentzley.Adam Krist. ifathias Mummert. Valentine Grove. Jacob Fulgemore. EIGHTH COMPANY. Jacob Howry. Valentine Kulp. Peter Flager. Philip Wyland. John Stopher. Peter Strlne. Michl.Frideric. Peter Torn. John Byer.Warne Craver. John Deardorph. Klinman Stoutsberger. Mathias Stump.Adam Fissel. John Nelson. Adam Walter. John Fissel. Jacob Bear,Sr. Philip Snyder. Nicholas Rypold. Martin Shyrer. John Livingston. Jacob Keller. Henry Mankey. Jacob Warley. Abram.Keller. Peter Garverie. George Portner. Frederice Hovice. Michl.Shearer. Henry Williams. Jaeob Keller,of Geo. George Amspoker. Jaeob Kessler. John Broadback. .Tacob Dates. Henry Nycommer.Dewalt Snyder. Peter Krapr. Frederick Fisher.Adam Rypold. The Colonial Records and Pennsylvania Archives (ist series) disclose the foUowincr interesting information concerning the York County Militia,in addition to what has already been vouchsafed in this work: "April 12,1776,by Philadelphia CouncilofSafety:That Mr.Rob't.Towers be directed to deliver to Col.Dill 10stand of Arms and 34 Tomahavyks. "April 16,1776,Wm.Smith was Colonelofthe 4th battalion. "Aug.20,1776,Capt.McNary's Company ofthe 4tli battalion. "Feb.4,1777,JamesDill wasMajor and Martin DillColoneloftheSth battalion. Capt.Dodd of York County Militia. "Feby.11,1777,Capt.Veuersdelen of Col.McPhersons battalion. "Sept.13,1777,Third Class of Militiacalled out. Capt.,John Shyrrer. 1st.Lieut.,Jacob Headrick. 2nd.Lieut.,Frederic Myers. Ensign,Jacob Bear. Frederic Frazier. Saml.Glazick.Wm.Baker.Leonard Myer. John Fulwider. George Krapr. John Howser. (ieorge Baker.George Beck. Jacob Stake. Jfichl.Zeagler. Jacob Zeagler,Sr. .lohn Everhart. Wendel Everhart. Leonard Sower. John Gauntz, Jacob Hess. Sebastian Widman. Philip Emick. Ludwick Reighgle. James Moore. James Moore. .Tacob Bailey. Henry Wm.Keller. John Kline.Wm.Rule. Francis Weymiller. Valentine Mirkle. Henry Rorbaugh. Peter Heiney. George Huver. Jlichl.Hileman. Mathias Smith. John Rule. George Rypold. George Smith. .\ndw.Kersh. Philip Null. George Dehoff. Stophel Brigner. 436 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. "Oct.23,1777,Fourth and Fifth classes calledout. "Oct.13,1779,Three classes called outfor threemonths. "March 14,1781,Two classesof Militia called outtoguard Convention Pri.soiiers "Feby.23,1782,Classes of Militiacalled out to guard prisoners. "Feby.23,1782,Seventy-five men to Fort Pitt. "Sept.23,1783,TheSixth battalion complained concerning the election of its officers.' ' The Count}'Lieutenants of York county to direct the organiza- tion of troops,collect fines and make disbursinents,&c.,were: Richard McAllister,appointed 1777;Wm.Scott,1780;Sub Lieu- tenants Hans Morrison,Robert Stevenson,John Hay and James McCandless,appointed 1777;John Trevis,1778;Matthew Dill and John Agnew appointed 1779;Matthew Dill,Henry Slagle,' Wm.Ross and James Dixon appointed 1780;Wm.Alexander, 1787. Col.Henry Slagle. Col.Henry Slagle (Schlegel)was born in Lancaster county,Pa.^ in 1725,and was a son of Christopher Schlegel,who came from Saxony'to Pennsylvania'in 1713.The^following year he took up \]\m CONTINENTAL MILITIA ON DRILL.[01(1 Print.; a large tract of land on the Conestoga,and built a mill.In 1737 he located in Berwick township,York county,on Slagle's Run. His four sons were :Henry,Daniel,Jacob and Christopher (the YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.437 latter of Capt.George Eichelberger's Company of 1775 and of Christopher lyowman's Company,3 Bat.,1778.)Col.Slagle was commissioned one of the Provincial Magistrates in October,1764, and continued in the office by the convention of 1776.In Decem- ber,1774,he served on the Committee of Inspection for York county.In 1775 he was elected lyieut.Col.of the Third Battal- ion,and on June 18,1766,was a member of the Provincial Confer- ence,and of the Provincial Convention of July 15.He was ap- pointed December 16,1777,by the Assembly to take subscriptions for the Continental Loan,and in November,1777,acted as one of the Commissioners which met at New Haven,Conn.,to regulate the price of Commodities in the Colonies.He represented York county in the General Assembly from 1777 to 1779.In 1779 he was Col.of the 8th Bat.,York County Militia.He was appointed Sub-Lieutenant of York county March 30,1780;one of the Au- ditors of Depreciation Accounts of York county March 3,1781 ;a member of the Constitutional Convention 1779-80 ;Commissioned by Gov.Mifflin,one of the Associate Judges of York county,Aug- ust 17,1781,and continued as such on the organization of Adams county,1800,which he represented in the Legislature in 1801-2. Col.Slagle was the progenitor of the well-known Slagle family so numerous in Hanover and Adams county. He was the father of David,Adam,George and Joseph Slagle, late of Winchester,Va.Joseph,in 1807,married Margaret,daugh- ter of Rudolf Spengler.' Conscriptions in 1781. From York CourtHouse Records. The following were senttodesignated persons in each borough and township in York county; January 30th,1781.Gentlemen, Agreeable to a late Act of Assembly,entitled "An Act to compleat the Quota of the Foederal Army,"passed in thelast Sessions,you are classed together,and re- quired to provide,in fifteen Days from this Date,oneable-bodied Recruit for the Continental Army,to sei-ve duringthe War;such Recruit,when enlisted and en- tered in the Army,to be entitled to receive from the Public a Suit of Cloaths each Year,and to be entitled at the End of the War to Two Hundred Acres of Land, and all other Pay,Gratuities and Exemptions,to which other Soldiers in the Line 438 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. of this State are or shall be entitled.Such Recruit,when engaged by you,is to be taken to some Justice ofthe Peace for his Approbation,and to beattested,and then delivered by you to the Lieutenant orSub-Lieutenantofthe County.On Failure hereof,your Class will be liable to pay Fiiteen Pounds Specie,State Money,or the new Continental Money,issued pursuant to the late Laws ofthis State,or an Equivalent in old Continental Money,viz.Eleven Hundred and Twenty-five Pounds,to be levied upon you respectively,as the Taxes now are. We are,Gentlemen, Yourobedient and very humble Servants, PHILIP ROTHROCK ) JNO.TEMPLER ^Commissioners.WILLIAM ADAMS JGenTi^emen: Agreeable to a late act of assembly passed the 25th of June,1781,entitled,"An act for recruiting the Pennsylvanialinein thearmy of the United States,"You are required to enlist,for the term of eighteen months from the istofJuly 1781, and deliver to theunder mentioned continentalofficers,or either ofthem,within fifteen days from this date,one able bodied recruit,(not beingadeserter from the army or navy ofthe united states,or the British a^my)such recruit,when enlisted and entered into the Pennsylvania line,to i eceive the same pay,rationsand clothes as the troops of this state nowiu the service ofthe united states,and also halfpay during life,ifdisabled in the service.Such recruit tobe also attested be- fore some justice of the peace.—On failure to procure such recruit,or making return to the assessor of your township,ward or district,your class will become liable to pay such sum of money asthe commissioners,township,ward ordistrict assessors shall agree to pay any recruit which shallbe engaged bythem respect- ively foryourclass. We are,gentlemen. Your obedient humble servants. PHILIP ROTHROCH,1JOHNTEMPLER,/C >mmissioners. N.B.Agreeable to the tenth sectionof the above act,any person enlisting and delivering to the proper officers one able bodied recruit,shall be exempted from all militia duty during the aboveterm of enlistment. The recruits are to be delivered to the following officers,viz: York:Major James Moore,or captain Burke,at M'Callister's town. Incomplete List of York County Revolutionary Companies AND Soldiers,Found in the Pennsylvania Archives, (New Series),and American Historical Register. captain MICHAEL DOUDEL'S COMPANY,1775.' Coi,.Ww.Thompson'sBattauon. Captain,Michael Doudel.John McCrary. 1st.Lieut.,Henry Miller.John McCui't. 8nd.Lieut.,John Dill.Joshua Minshall. ."ird.Lieut.,James Matson.James Mill. Corporal,Walter Cruise Edward Moore. '10Pa.Ar.N.S.20.(See Note47. ) YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOI.UTION.439 Robert Armor. George Armstrong. John Beverly. Christian Bettinger. John Brown. Thomas Campbell. John Clarke. William Cline. William Cooper. George Dougherty. John Douther. Abel Evans.John Ferguson. Robert Graft. John Griffith. Joseph Halbut. Richard Kennedy. Thomas Kennedy. Daniel Lelap. Abram.Lewis. John McAlister. David Ramsey.Matthew Shields. Jacob Staley. Andrew Start. Patrick Sullivan. Isaac Sweeney. Tobias Tanner. John Taylor. Cornelius Turner. ROLL OF CAPTAIN PHILIP ALBRIGHT'S COMPANY,SEPT.i,1776. CoL.Samoei,Miles'Penn'a Rifle Regiment. Capt.,Philip Albright 1st.Lieut.,.John Thomson. 1st.Lieut.,Cornelius Sheriff. 2nd.Lieut.,William McPherson. 3rd.Lieut.,Jacob Stake. Sergt.,Thomas Wilson. Sergt.,James Willev. Sergt.,Robert Tat^.' Sergt.,James Geddes. Quarter-Master Segt.,Andrew Lytle. Drummer,John Harden. John Awl. Robert Barron. Ludwick Beltzhover. Andrew Boned. Alexander Boyd. William Branon.John Brown. Michael Burk. Jacob Busham. Edward Carlton. George Conrad.Henry Croan. John Crookham. James Cuxel. Raehford Duffield.Hugh Ferril. Michael Fink. Thomas Foster. Jacob Newman. Patrick Glen.Hugh Gobin. James Gordon.John Grearley. John Gregg. Robert Gregg. George Helm. Jacob Helsley.John Hendry. William Hollan. John Hudson. James Hutchinson. Jonathan Jacobs. William James. Philip Kennedy. Michael Killean. Robert Kilpatrick. William Kilpatrick.Hugh Reed. Thomas Knee. Conrad Lead. Jacob Lcavingston.John Lutes. Samuel Malseed. Henry McBroom. James McCay.Hugh McClughan. Daniel McCown. Patrick McCown. John McElnay. James McFarlanc. Patt.McGinish. Bartholomew MeGuire. Daniel McNeal. James Morrison. Joseph Morrison. Joseph Myer. John Rhinehart.Adam Rubart. Christian Ryan. Michael Ryan.Henry Shadow. John Smith. Charles Spangler. Terrence Stoekdel. David Stuart. Charles Stump. Robert Sturgeon. John Swartz. George Trine. George Wampler. Edward Wells. William Welshanoe. Thcmas Williams. Samuel Woods. CAPTAIN DAVID GRIER'S COMPANY,MARCH 25,1776. ^ Sixth Penn'a. Capt..David Grier. Capt.,William Alexander. 1st.Lieut.,John McDowell. 2nd.Lieut.,MnAlist.-r. Ensign,William Nicholas. Ensign,John Hughes. Sergit.,Andrew Walker. Sergt.,John Knox. Sergt.,Robert Jeffries. Henry McKlssack. Michael Mc^teehar .T.nmes ilcMulIan.Lawrence Mealy. iMichael Murplie.V- Dennis Murphy. Patrick O'Loan. Peter O'Neil. John Pearcy. >Pa,N.S.209. 440 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. Sergt.,John Hayman. Corp.,James Lawson. Corp.,Felix iMcilhemiy. Corp.,David Lethew. Corp.,Ezra Tomson.Drum and Fife,Janies Hamilton.Drum and Fife,Mathias Wright. William Anguis, Patrick Barnes.George Baker. Ebenezer Bacheldor. James Barry. Robert Beard.John Brian. Archibald Campbell. John Clemmonds.Adam Conn. George Worley. George Conner. Charles Conway. George Cooper. Cornelius Corrigan. David Davis.Thomas Dulaney. John Dorce. Charles Dougherty. John Dougherty. Alexander Esson.John Falkner. John Frick. Robert Forsyth. Joseph Geddes. i'eter Grant. Charles Guscager. Charles Gyfinger.James Harkins. Edvt'ard Hickenbottom. Isaac Hodge. Thomas Hoy. Archibald .Jackson, Robert Johnston. William Johnston. George Kelly.Thomas Kelly. James Leeson. William Mason. Jacob Matthews. John McCall. William McCoy. .John McDaniol.Samuel McGowau. James Price. William Quigley. Murtough Redmond James Robinson. Patrick Roney.Joseph Russel. Patrick Scullion. Peter Schregh. Archibald Shaw.James Shaw. Francis Standley. I'hilip Shive. Jlichael Schultz. Peter Seidle.John Schneider, lildward Spencer. James Stevenson. Baltzer Swank. George Swartz. l^eter Swartz. .John Taylor. Jacob Trees. Joseph Wade.Adam W^eaverling. Edward Welch. Isaac White. William Wilkin.^on. Joseph Wilson. Matthias Wright. CAPTAIN ARCHIBALD McALUSTER'S COMPANY,1776.1 Coi,.Thomas Hartley's Regiment,Penn'a Line. Capt.,Archibald McAlli Lieut.,Isaac Sweeny. Sergt.,.John Lesley. Drummer,Patrick Com Drummer,John Elliot.Thomas Bissel. Francis Britt. George Britt. James Burke. James Burns. .John Carduss. William Chambers. John Clarke. Robert Clarke.Adam Clendennen. .James Crangle. Charles Croxel. George Cuslck. James Dill. Lewis Robert Ellis .John Falls.Henry Gardner. Richard Harper. William Hayes. .John Hendrick.Thomas Herington. Thomas Irndn. Thomas Judge. Matthias Kellar. Dennis Leray. .John McBride.John McDonald. .John McGichen. William McGinness. Henry McGill. .John McLean. .James McManamy.bamuel McManamj'. John Mahon. Benjamin Missum. Thomas Morrow. Corlias Murraj'.Thomas Nicholas. .John Page. Andrew Patterson.Thomas Parker. Patrick Roeh. Paul Terry. Robert Thompson. Christian TimbrookeThomasTimpler.Andrew W^alker. Andrew Webb. Robert White. Frederick Wolf. CAPTAIN HUGH CAMPBELL'S COMPAN\^SEPT.17,1776. ^ Coi,.Robert McPherson's Second Battawon. Capt.,Hugh Campbell.1st.Lieut.,William Lowther. >10Pa.Ar.N.S.784.2 14Pa.Ar.N.S.770. YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOI.UTION.441 2nd.Lieut.,Robert Mcllhinnej Ensign,Simon Vanarsdalen. Sergt.,Cornelius Cosine. Sergi;.,Alexander Willson. Sergt.,Joseph Hunter. Sergt.,John Armstrong. Corp.,Alexander Bogle. Corp.,James Mcllhinney. Corp.,John McCush. Corp.,William Leach. Drummer,John Banta, Fifer,Andrew Little. Arthur Beaty.Hugh McLaughlin. William Duffield. Samuel McManemy. Jacob Smock. Francis Monfort. Benedict Yeary. Benjamin Leach. Robert Barbar. .Tames Hutchinson. Charles Orr. Robert McGown.Thomas Orbison.Hugh McWilliams. William McCance. Jacob Swiser. .Tohn Cumingore. Nathaniel Porter. Abraham Brewer. Lawrence Monfort. John Sage. David Casart.Henry Little. Robert Stewart. William Carsman. John McCance. Abram Banta. Joseph Weast. .lohn Hope.John Willson. Charles Timmons. .Andrew McKiney. ,\.ndrew Shiley. Frederick Shetz.Henry Little. I'eter Miller. Andrew Hunter. James Lyon. Nicholas Millar. Patrick Hogan. Farrah Doran. Stephen Giffeu.James McCreai-y. Orbin Wence. CAPTAIN HENRY MILLER'S COMPANY,NOV.24,1776. Capt.,Henry Miller. 1st.Lieut.,James ilatson, 2d.Lieut.,John Clarke. William Allen. Robert Armor. GeorgeArmstrong.John Bell.John Beverly. Christian Bittinge: Richard Block. George Brown.John Burke. Thomas Campbell. William Carnahan. John Clark. Robert Conyers. William Cooper. Thomas Crone. George Dougherty John Douther. Able Evans.Thomas Fanning. John Ferguson. First Penn'a Line. William Goudy. Patrick Graft. John Griffith.Thomas Griffith. Joseph Halbut. Robert Harvey. .Tohn Humphrie.'i.Edward White. Richard Kennedy. Thomas Kennedy. .Tohn Leiper.Abraham Lewis.Tohn Line. Charles Liness. John McAllister. John McCray. George McCrea.John McCurt. Joseph McQuiston. James Mill. Joshua Minshall. Edward Moore. James ilorrison. Patrick Murphy.John Patton. Patrick Preston. Michael Quin. John Quint. Andrew Sharp. .Tohn Shaven. Joseph Shibbey. Matthew Shields. .Tames Smith. Jacob Staley.Andrew Start.Alexander Sevens. Patrick Stewlan. Matthew Stoyle. Tobias Tanner. .Tohn Taylor. William Taylor. David Torrence. Timothv Winters. CAPTAIN MITCHELL'S COMPANY,DEC.20,1776. CoL.MatthewDili.'s Fifth Battauon. Capt.,William Mitchell 1st.Lieut.,Joseph Elliot. 2nd.Lieut.,Henry Shaffer. Ensign,Lawrence Oats. Segt.,John Lewis. Robert Torbit.Nicholas 1 10 Pa.Ar.N.S.335.= William McGlochlir Daniel Williams. William Cooper. .Tohn Cooper. Brainard Stroyner. Thomas Ramage. 442 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOI.UTION. Allen Torbit.Thomas White. John Hall. Fra.ncis Boggs. Patrick Shannon. Peter Risser. John Sullivan. John Bowey. John Williams. Benjamin Coble. John Sickleman.James White. Alexander White. William Sullivan. CAPTAIN DANIEL EYSTER'S COMPANY,1776. Philip Miller. Peter Kiefer. John Shiver. Jacob Becker,Jr. George Poulk. Jacob Long. Paul Druy. Valentine Starr. Herman OberdorfT. John Scneiter. Niaholas Meyer. Jacob Greiger. Christian Grieft. Casper Werfel.Anthony Zidnier.Abraham Herb. George Reber. Jacob Pott. Matthias Frey. Jacob Delong. George Shriver. Oneof the Five Battawons. Henry Hefner.Adam Huber. Christian Keiff. George Reiss. George Gerber. Henry Scwasch. Mechoir Schaum. Jacob Hefner.Andrew Helwig. Michael Satler. Jacob Langalt. Michael Carl. George Oberdorff.Adam Sweiger. Andrew Ziegler. John Eburr. Jacob Huder.Herman Emerick. (!;hristian Hoch. Daniel Scwasch. Abraham Lemritz. Sebastian Herb. Christian Gerber. Conrad Reiss. Christian Reiss.Thomas Hunt. Philip Shiver. Jacob Shofer.Adam Zidnier. George Huber.John Schuler. Michael Reider. Henry ReifE. Christopher Foulk. Carl Geiger.John Albrecht. John Shiver,(Shier). Nicolas Lemritz. George Druy. Philip Wanemacher. CAPTAIN CHRISTIAN STAKE'S COMPANY,NOV.16,1776.^ Col.Mchab:i,Swoope's Battauon. Sergt.,Peter Haak.James Dobbins. Sergt.,Henry Counselman.Henry Miller. Sergt.,John Dicks.James Berry. Corp.,John Adlum.James Bay.Henry Hoff. David Parker.Joseph Updegraff.Daniel Shultze. Hugh Dobbins.Christian Strohman.William Lukens John Stroliman.Daniel Miller. CAPTAIN JACOB STAKE'S COMPANY,JAN.,1777. Sergt.,John Wynn. Sergt.,Samuel Edgar. Sergt.,John Rhea. Corp.,Michael Elev. Corp.,Archibald GofE. Corp.,Christian Nogel. Drummer,John Jeft'rys Malcolm Black. George Branyar. Richard Cogan.Benjamin Foy. William Grace. >15 Pa.Ar,N.S.i Tenth Penn' Edward Helbon. William Leech. Patrick LafFerty. James McCray. '15Pa.Ar.N.S.641. .lames McKenzie. Timothy McNamara.Thomas Moore.John Pierce. Jeremiah Richardson. Christopher Reiley. William Short.Thomas Scott.Lawrence Sullivan. Martin Sullivan. Stephen Talkentine. Nathaniel Webber. .N.S.724;15 Pa.Ar.N.S.5J0. YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.443 CAPTAIN JOSEPH McCLEI/LAN'S COMPANY,SEPT.lo,1778. Ninth Penn'a Line. Sergt.,Daniel Vanderslice Sergt.,Hugh Hearren. Sergt.,Samson Dempsey. Corp.,Samuel Woods. Corp.,Christian Young Drummer,George Stewart George Alfred. Henry Harper. George Pention. Thomas Summer.Adam Coch. Daniel Salliday. Daniel Benhart. Frederick Raimeck Jacob Powles. Laughlin Morrison. .Tames Allison. Philip BriuUs. John Davis.John Fanner. Thomas Powel. Francis Matthews. Patrick Rock. Andrew Shafer. I{obert Eagen. James Haines. James Kallahan. (ieorge Shafer. John Connely. MAY 20,1781.2 SecondPenn'a Line. Nicholas Howe. Samuel Laoount. Valentine Miller. Daniel Netherhouse. Peter Mager. John Allison. Robert Armstrong. John Davis, itichael Henderliter. (Jeorge Hister.Simon Lauk.Samuel Lewis. Joseph Parker. Thomas Rendals. Nath.in Roberts. Charles Stewart.John Stewart. .Jonathan Thomas. James Young. .Tames Sedwick. Matthew T.irney. LIEUTENANT COLONEL HENRY MILLER'S COMPANY,SEPT.9,1778. Second Penn'a Line. Sergt.,Gerard Riddle. Sergt.,Robert McKillip Sergt.,Andrew Ralston Corp.,George Roberts. Corp.,Robert Herring. Corp.,Robert McLoughlDrummer,John Bayles. Fifer,William Johnston. Andrew Dilman. James Martin.John Frazer. Thomas Zermins. Michael Regan. Francis Regan. William Butler.Robert Young. Thomas Malser. Hugh Twik. .lohn Notestain. tieorge Limrecks. Leonard Hinkel. Lewis Carpenter. Michael Pink. Balser Maze. William Gristock. Godfrey Devey. David .\lspaugh. Patrick McNay. ,Tohn Winsley. Thomas Knee. Cornelius Dwyer. Michael Wheelant.Henry Musketnough. Thomas Smith.James McQuillen. Michael Curts. Phillip Smith. Francis Keel. George Conrad. Stophel Stainhighel.John Burney. Andrew Brock. Peter Messersmith. Jacob Shrifley.Adam Musketness. John Graceley. Bejamin Bagg. William Wilkens.Hugh Hughs. Joh Faraday. James McClay. Michael Redman. CAPTAIN JACOB STAKE'S COMPANY,SEPT.10,1778. Tenth Penn'a. Sergt.,John Wynne. Sergt.,Samuel Edgar. Timothy McNamaro. Charles"Fulks. Richard Harding. George Webb. >Pa.Ar.N.S.I IPa.Ar.N,S.413.IS Pa.Ar.N.S.427- 444 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOI.UTION. Sergt.,John Ray. Corp.,Michael EUy. Corp.,Martin Sullivan. Drummer,John Jeffrys. Fifer,Martin Ashburn. John Pierce.James McCray. Kiehard Coogan. George Montgomery. William Short. Jacob Stilhvell. Nathaniel Webber. John Gettiss. William Leech. Lawrence Sullivan. Samuel Dickson.James Pratt. John Funk. John Stammers. Christopher Eeily. John Chappel. William Williams. Edward Helb. Rudolph Crowman. Stephen Palkenstine. Daniel Forker. Patrick Coyle. James McLaughlin. William Grace. Benjamin Toy.Thomas Moore. Malcom Black. Patrick Collins. Bastion Maraquet. COLONEL ANDREW'S COMPANY,APRIL 30,1779. Tenth Battalion. Col.,John Andrew. Adjutant,William Bailey. Quartermaster,Robert Chambers Sergt.,M.David Beaty, Robert Galbreath. John Hoult. Chretson Freet. (Jeorge Stope. I'hilip Hounslej'. Nathan Grimes.Abraham Houghtailen, David Dameree. Henry Buchanan. William Coule. Samuel McCush. George McCans. James Weer. Joseph Boagel.Benjamin Whitley. William Stragin. William Eeed.John Sarsley.John Slammers. John Hoover. Robert Willson. -Alexander Bogel. William Fleming. David Crosate. William McGrer. Robert Campbell. John McCreesy. CAPTAIN ISAAC SWEENEY'S COMPANY, New Eleventh Penn'a. Capt.,Isaac Sweeney. Lt.,Septimus Davis. Ensign,William Huston. Sergt.,Thomas Willson. Sergt.,John Gray. Sergt.,Patrick Clemens. Corp.,Andrew Miller. Corp.,Edward Blake. Corp.,John Smith. Drummer,Robert Hunter. Fifer,John McElroy. George Carman. John Edgar. William Fields.Hugh Forsythe. .Tames Hines. Andrew Kelley. Roger O'Bryan. Valentine Stickle.Hugh Swords. William Wilson. CAPTAIN ANDREW FOREMAN'S COMPANY,1781.' Guarding Prisoners at York. Capt..Andrew Foreman. Lt.,Henry Hostater. Ensign,Richard Divine. 1st.Sergt.,Gilbert McMaster. 2nd.Sergt.,LawrenceClimer. Drd.Sergt.,Jacob Brothers. Drummer,George Slaglem. Corp.,Nicholas Newman. Corp.,Adam Lokenbach. Corp.,Jacob Heaflich. .\braham Venarsdal.Philip Hull. I 15Pa.Ar.N.S.657.=n Pa.Ar.N.S. Henry Gammender. George Sower. .John Booclier. Gard Vanarsdal. Caspar Nowel. Michael Snider. Nicholas Masenhimer. ,Tohn Long. Peter Garret. Aron Auteu. Peter Trine. '14 Pa.Ar.N.S.529. ^,^^^,C^^ ^=^^^^^^ '^^^^^^j^^^ FAC-SIMILE iREDUCEDi OF MUSTER ROLL OF CAPTAIN RUDOLF SPENGLER'S SIXTH COMPANY,IN THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR,FORMED 1776.(P.417.1 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.445 Slichael Bargett. Arnold Lives. Philip Milhof. Manuel Zigler. Jacob Wertz. George Gehvixs. William Michael. Ludwig Sherets. Oswalt Dups. .lohn Stier. George Clemnier. Frederick Wegand.Adam Werging. .Toseph Little. Valentine Sharrer. .lohn Smith. Peter Clunk. Richard Persyib. Whil.White. .Tohn Roarback. Henry Beare. George Miller. Eliah Rinehart. Thomas Hughes. John Marshal. Peter Terence. Philip Freeman. DiiTid Beckor. Nicholas Belts. George 'Wickert.Adam Wagoner. John Kisinger. Frederick Dolhammer. Leonard Raveneton. John Clark. William Wagoner. George Ritsell. Christopher Swartz. Jacob Butt. Conrod Moul. John ^Yhite. Michael Grovi?. \lathias Epley. Jfhn Kiloanr.cn. Jacob Winter. Raiser Vernor. .lacob Brickert. .lohn Ag°ton. John Brigner. Joseph Perrel. John Eiehelberger. IN CHIEF'S GUARD. William Kernahan.John Bother. Leonard Baumgartel. .lohn Glehmer. Lewis Shelly. John Michael Koch. ARMAND'S LEGION. George Bealer. PhilipShafEer. Conrad Stengle.Adam Brandhefer. Conrad Pudding. John Eirach. Owen Cooley. PULASKI'S LEGION. Frederick Boyer. Martin Miller. LIGHT HORSE,1781. f^itpt.,William McPlierson. Lt.,Robert Morrison. imes Gettys,cornet. John Bennington Michael Kyall. .Tohn Kelley. James Ryburn. Frederick Leader Jacob Kremer. Andrew Crotty. George Seittel. John McMeehan. John Deveney. William Brown. Michael Weirich. PENNSYLVANIA ARTILLERY. .Tohn Johnson.Samuel Laughlin. .Mexander Martin. George Stewart. William Bergenhoff. GERMAN REGIMENT. Jacob McLean. FOURTH PENNSYLVANIA. Christian Pepret.) Andrew Shoeman. John Cavanaugh. FIFTH PENNSYLVANIA. Athony Leaman. SIXTH PENNSYLVANIA. Joel Gray. Mathias Young. Robert Ditcher. Patrick Dixon. .Tames Baker. John Lochert. m Richcreek. William Smith. John Anderson. Adam Shuman. Ludwig Waltman. 446 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. SEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA. John Browu. NINTH PENNSYLVANIA. John Tate,Ensign. Stephen Stephenson,promoted, Capt.,Adam Davidson. Samuel Jamieson.George Heflelflnger. Samuel Spicer. Leonard Weyer. TENTH PENNSYLVANIA. James Lang,Captain,promoted from Lieutenant in Atlee's Regiment. Samuel Spicer.Leonard Weyer. ELEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA. Robert McMurdie,Brigade Chaplain. NEW ELEVENTH PENNSYLVANIA. .Joel Gray.^Villiam Brown.Martin Bloomenstine. Dedlove Shaddow. Joun Richcreek. John Snyder. Robert Casebolt. Michael Frick. John Cunnius. Philip Graham. Robert McCullough IVeal McGary. THIRTEENTH PENNSYLVANIA. Matthew Parney. COLONEL THOMAS HARTLEY'S REGIMENT. Edward Deun\John Barr. Dennis Dailey. John Graham. William JicJjean. George Blakely. .!()!. John ivicDowell. Thomas Nugent. STATE REGIMENT OF FOOT. Captain John Marshall,Successor to Capt.Philip Albright. Robert Sturgeon.John Awl.Edward Carlton. Patrick McGinnes.Joseph Myer.s.j.errence Stockdale. William Welsnance.Samuel Woods. FIRST PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT. From American Historical Michael Long. Samuel Crawford. Robert Campbell. .Tames Brown.John Mollin. Robert Garret. Ulrich Eanlkner. William Kerr. Charles Boyles. Robert Magee. Thomas Collins, .lames Berry. Jesse Lester. George Sinn.Mathias Crout. Register. James Robertson. John Kimmins. Jacob Hai-ring-ton. William Williams, .lames McDonough. James Melntyre. Thomas McGee. .John Malone.John McKinney. Peter Geehan. Samuel Woods. Martin Hart. George Corkingdate. .Tohn Allen.John Summerville. Edward Butler. Patrick Preston. Timothy Winters. Baltzer Barge. .John Campbell. Edward Fielding. James Dougherty. Evan Holt. Daniel Johnston. Michael Jones. Patrick Kelly. Robert Keenan. John Leonard.Thomas Maltzer.James Morrison. YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.447 James McLean. William Welshance. I'eter ji,versole. William Morris.Thomas Stewart. Felix McLaugliliu. Edward Lardner. Jolin McNair. AVilliam Pilmore. Thomas Winters. John Gower. John Callahan. James Bradley. Edward Blake. Daniel Campbell. Henry Crone. Hugh Henley. Thomas Hamilton. Frederick Snyder. Michael Waun. Peter Myers. Michael Kurtz. Samuel Allen. Georg'e Alberton. James .'Vllison. Hugh Henderson. Patrick Ryan. I'ater McBride. Tliomas Moore.Thomas Katen. William Bradshaw. James Welsh. Marty Sullivan. .\ndrew Crothy. John Fouder. John Vandereramel. George Young. John Whiteman. John Unkey. PRISONERS OF WAR Not Included in Col.Swoope's Battalion Captured at Ft.Washington. Capt.,Henry Lewis. Capt.,Henry Clayton. Capt.,Hugh King. Ensign,Jacob Myers. Christian Qulggle. Jacob Klingman. Patrick Gibson. Ensign,Elisha Grady. Henry Beard. Alexander Frew. Geo.Gelwicks. Capt.,Peter Ickes. Ensign,Thomas Reed. AT THE FLYING CAMP,1776. 2nd.Lt.,Wm.Young. Charles Wilson. REVOLUTIONARY PENSIONERS IN 1S18 John Schneider. Christian Pepret.John Jacob Bauer. John Deis. George Lingelfelder. Ilavid Ramsey.Humphrey .4ndrews. Jacob Mayer. Robert Ditcher. John Taylor. Dedlove Shadow. JamesHogg. Michael Schultze. Mathias Kraut.Thomas Randolph. Samuel Ramble. Frederick Boyer. Henry Doll. John Lockert.Thomas Burke. Jacob Kramer. Joseph Wren. Conrad Pudding. Michael Warner.John Devinney. Wm.Brown. Jolin Beatty. John Ohmet. Jacob McLean. Frederick Huebuer. Joel Gray. Michael Weirich. Zenos Macomber. .\nthony Lehman. Samviel Spicer. Christopher Nerr.Wm.Smith. Martin Muller. Wm.Kline. Ensign Jacob Barnitz,born 1758,was granted a pension of half pay,lio.oo per month,January 28 and December 8,1779,by the Orphans'Court of York County,"to begin from February 16, 1778,the time of his exchange as prisoner at New York." York County Militia.Commissioned Officers,1777-8-9. col.james thompson's battalion at wilmington,delaware, SEPT.3,1777- 1st Co.:Captains William Dodds,38 men;2nd Co.,Samuel Ferguson,41 men ; 3rd Co.,illegible;4th Co.,Thomas Latta,31 men ;jth Co.,John Laird,32 men ; 6th Co.,Peter Ford,27 men;7th Co.,John Myers,18 men. 448 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. FIRST BATTALION,OCT.i,1777. 3rd Co.,Cap.Christian KaufFman,ist Lt.John ShaflFer,2nd Lt.Henry Smith, Ensign Jacob Strehr ;4th Co.,Cap.Daniel May,ist Lt.AndrewMilhorn,2ndLt. Henry Yessler,Ensign Frederick Spahr. FIRST BATTALION. Col.JamesThompson,1778;Lt,Col.Samuel Neilson,1778;Henry Miller,1779; Major James Chamberlain,1778;William Bailey,1779. 1st Co.,Cap.William Dodds,1778,John Ehrman,'79;ist Lt.Nealy,'78,Fred. Weare,'79 ;2nd Lt.Nealy,78 ;Ensign Jos.Dodds,'78,Peter Swartz,'79.Rank and file,104 men. 2nd Co.,Cap.David Williams,'78,George Long,'79;ist Lt.James McNickle, '78,John Korehart,'79;Ensign James Reed,'78,John Smith,'79.Rank and file,78 men. 3rd Co.,Cap.John Shaver,'78,Michael Hahn,'79;ist Lt.Henry Smith,'78, Christian Zinn,'79;Ensign Jacob Miller,'78,Peter Hank,'79.Rank and file, 95 men. 4th Co.,Cap.Daniel May,'78,Peter Ford,'79;ist Lt.Andrew Melhorn,'78, John Jeffries,'79;2nd Lt.Henry Yessler,'78;Ensign Frederick Spaar,'78, Charles Spangler,'79.Rank and file,89 men. 5th Co.,Cap.James Parkinson,'78,Peter Imswiller,'79;ist Lt.James Fagen, '78,James Cross,'79 ;2nd Lt.Alexander Nesbitt,'78 ;EnsignJohn May,'78,Ul- rich Sellor,'79.Rank and file,206 men. 6th Co.,Cap.Benjamin Keable,'78,Michael Kaufelt,'79;ist Lt.Henry Sha- ver,'78,Philip Boyre,79;2nd Lieut.Lawrence Oats,'78 ;Ensign Michael Dush, '79.Rank and file,75 men. 7th Co.,Cap.Francis Boner,'78,Ephriam Penington,'79;ist Lt.George Robe- net,'78,Charles Barnet,'79 ;2nd Lt.John Schrote,'78;Ensign WilliamBrandon, '78,Gotfry Lenhart,'79.Rank and file,120 men. 8th Co.,Cap.John O'Blainiss,'78;ist Lt.John Polk,'78;2nd Lt.William Johnston,'78;Ensign Benjamin Beaty,'78.Rankand file,106 men. SECOND BATTALION. Colonel William Rankin,'77-8;Lt.Col.John Ewing,'77-8,Moses McLean,'79; Major John Morgan,'77-8,John Edie,'79. 1st Co.,Cap.William A.shton,'77-S,Samuel Cabane,'79 ;ist Lt.Malachi Steah- ley,'77,Milkeah .Shley,'78,William Hall,'79;2nd Lt.James Elliot,'77-8;En- sign John Crull,'77,John Carroll,'78,John Murphey,Jr.,'79.Rank and file, 91 men. 2nd Co.,Cap John Rankin,'77-8,Thomas Bigham,'79;ist Lt.Joseph Hunter, '77-8,William McCay,'79 ;2nd Lt.,John Ashton,'77-S;Ensign Daniel McHenry, '77-8,John Murphey,'79.Rank and file,88 men. 3rd Co.,Cap.Simon Copenhafer,'77-8,Robert Bigham,'79;ist Lt.Michael .Shriver,'77-8,William McMun,'79;2nd Lt.Andrew Smith,'77-8 ;Ensign,Jacob Gutwalt,'77-8,John Sheakley,'79.Rank and file,60 men. 4th Co.,Cap.PhilipGartner,'77,Jacob Hiar,78,James Miller,79 ;ist Lt.John Higher,'77,Adam Barr,'78,James McKinley,'79;2nd Lt.Jacob Comfort,'78; Ensign George Hiar,'78,Barbabus McSherry,'79.Rank and file,66 men. 5th Co.,Cap.Emanuel Herman,'77-8,Thomas Orbison,'79;ist Lt.William Moneyer,'77,William Momer,'78,Joseph Hunter,'79;2nd Lt.John Rothrock, '77,John Bodrough,'78 ;Ensign Harman Hoopes,'78,Robert Wilson,'79.Rank and file,81 men. 6th Co.,Cap.John Mansberger,'77-S,James Johnston,'79;i.st Lt.Henry Mat- thias,'77-8,John McBride,'79 ;2nd Lt.George Meyer,'77-8 ;EusignJacob Kep- ler,'77,Jacob Helpler,'78,John McBride,'79.Rank andfile,73 men. 7th Co.,Cap.Yost Herbach,'77-8,William Lindsay,79;ist Lt.Peter Shultz, '77-8,Robert Black,'79;2nd Lt.Baltzer Rudisill,'77-8;Ensign Michael Ettin- ger,'77-S,Samuel Russel,'79.Rank and file,50 men. Sth Co.,Cap.William Walls,'77-8,Thomas Clingen,'79;ist Lt.Henry Lee- YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOIvUTlON.449 pert,'77-8,Joseph Brown,'79 ;2nd Lt.John Jordan,'77-8 ;Ensign James Schultz, '77>JacobSholtz,'78,John McLean,'79.Rank and file,56 men. THIRD BATTAUON. Col.David Jamison,'78;Lt.Col.Thilip Albright,'78,Michael Smyser,'79 Major William Scott,'7S,William Ashton,'79. ist Co.,Cap.Jacob Beaver,'78,Rinehart Bott,'79;ist Lt.Nicholas Baker,'78 George Philip Zeigler,'79 ;2nd Lt.John Bare,'78;Ensign George Lefeber,'78 PhilipEberd,'79.Rank and file,io5men. 2nd Co.,Cap.Gotfry Frv,'78,Henry Matthias,'79;ist Lt.John Bushong,'78 George Meyer,'79 :2nd Lt.George Spangler,'78;Ensign James Jones,'78 Charles Hyer,'79.Rank and file,65 men. 3rd Co.,Cap.Peter Forte,'78,John McMaster,'79;ist Lt.Christ Stear,'78 William Bennet,'79 ;2nd Lieut.Andrew Hartsock,'78 ;EnsignJacobWelshance '78,John Mapin,'79.Rank and file,66 men. 4th Co.,Cap.Christopher Lowman,'78,PhihpJacob King,'79 ;ist Lt.Ephriam Penington,'78,Andrew Cross,'79 ;2nd Lt.John Fishel,'78 ;Ensign Charles Barnitz,'78,George Wolf,'79.Rank and file,72 men. Sth Co.,Captain Alexander Ligget,'78,Thomas Goald,'79;ist Lt.Robert Richey,'78,George Ensminger,'79;2nd Lt.Robert Stewart,'78 ;Ensign,Peter Fry,'78,William Nailer,'79.Rank and file,75 men. 6th Co.,Cap.George Long,'78,Jacob Comfort,'79;istLt.Samuel Smith,'78, George Meyer,'79;2nd Lt.Conrad Keesey,'78;Ensign Samuel Mosser,'78, Elias Gise,'79.Rank and file,62 men. 7th Co.,Cap.Michael Hahn,'78;ist Lt.John Mimm,'78;2nd Lt.Thomas '78 ;Ensign Christian Zinn,'78.Rankand file 75 men. FOURTH BATTALION. Colonel John Andrew,'78 ;Lt.Col.William Walker,'78,William Gillelan,'79; Major Simon Vanarsdale,'78,John King,'79. 1st Co.,Cap.John Calniery,'79;ist Lt.William Hamilton,'78,Samuel Gille- lan,'79 :2nd Lt.Joseph Pollock,'78 ;Ensign Adam Weaver,'78,Nathaniel Glassco.'79.Rank and file,58men. 2nd Co.,Cap.John King,'78,RobertCample,'79;ist Lt.James Eliot,'78,John Bodine,'79;2nd Lt.BaltzerTetrick,'78 ;Ensign William Neely,'78,David Scott, '79.Rank and file,64 men. 3rd Co.,Cap.William Gilliland,'78,David Stockton,'79;istLt.Matthew Mit- chell,'78,John Riner,'79;2ndLt.William Kelmery,'78;EnsignNicholasGlas- cow,'78,Elisha Gready,'79.Rank and file,67 men. 4th Co.,Cap.Samuel Morrison,'78,Joseph Pollock,'79;ist Lt,Peregin Mer- cer,'78,William Hamilton,'79 ;2nd Lt.John Armstrong ;Ensign Stephen K. Giffin,'78,Adam Weaver,'79.Rank and file,64 men. 5th Co.,Cap.John Mcllvain,'78,Josiah Carr.'77;ist Lt.John Range,'78, Lewis Vanarsdelin,'79;2nd Lt.Francis Clapsaddle,'78 ;Ensign James Geary, '78,John Watson,79.Rank and file,74 men. 6th Co.,Cap.John Stockton,'78,James Elliot,'79;ist Lt.John Anderson,'78, William Nealley,'79;2nd Lt.David Stockton,'78 ;Ensign Elisha Grady,'78, Thomas Prior,'79.Rank and file,64 men. 7th Co.,Cap.Samuel Erwin,'78,Andrew Paterson,'79 ;1st Lt.William Hough- telin,'78,Abraham Fletcher,'79;2nd Lt.Henry Forney,'78 ;Ensign William Reed,'78,William Fleming,'79.Rank andfile,79 men. Sth Co.,Cap.Thomas Stockton,'78,James Geery,'79;2nd Lt.Daniel Mentieth, '78 ;Ensign Andrew Patterson,'78,George Sheakley,'79.Rank and file,59men. FIFTH BATTALION. Col.Joseph Jeffries,'78 ;Lt.Col.Michael Ege,'78,Francis Jacob Remer,'79 ; Major Joseph Spangler,'78,Josep'i Wilson,'79. 1st Co.,Cap.John Maj'er,'78,Thomas White,'79;ist Lt.Abraham Bollinger, '78,Lawrence Helman,'79;Ensign Daniel Hum,'78,Francis Winkel,'79.Rank and file,'55 men. 450 YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION. 2nd Co.,Cap.Adam Black,'78,Acquilla Wiley,'79;ist t,t William Lindsay, '78,Adam Hendrix,'79 ;2nd Lt.David Jordan,'78;Ensign Robert Buchanan, '78,Andrew Smith,'79.Rank and file,60men. 3rd Co.,Capt.William McClane,'78,Peter Zolloinger,'79;ist Lt.David Blyth, '78,William Hefer,Jr.,'79;2nd Lt.Benjamin Read,'78;Ensign,William Hart, '78,Martin Berkhimer,'79.Rank and file,64 men. 4th Co.,Cap.David Wilson,'78,Michael Leightner,'79.istLt.Robert Rowan, '78,Henry Kessler,'79;2nd Lt.John Thompson,'78;Ensign,John Cotton,'78,John Ham,'79.Rank and file,64 men. 5th Co.,Cap.Joseph Morrison,'78,Henry Ferree,'79;ist Lt.James Johnston, '78,John Snyder,'79;2nd Lt.John McBride,'78;Ensign John Buchanan,'78,Michael Snyder,'79.Rank and file,59 men. 6th Co.,Cap.William Miller,'78,Andrew Paly,'79;ist Lt.James Porter,'78,John Stump,'79 ;Ensign Barnabas McCherry,'78,Philip Wyland,'79.Rank and file,59 men. 7th Co.,Cap.ThomasOrbison,'78,George Geishelman,'79 ;ist Lt.Robert Mc-Elhenny,'78,Andrew Lau,'79 ;2nd Lt.Joseph Hunter,'78 ;Ensign Robert Wil- son,'78,Valentine Alt,'79.Rank andfile,60 men. 8th Co.,Cap.John Paxton,'78,John Shorrer,'79;ist Lt.James Marshall,'78, Jacob Barr,'79 ;2nd Lt.William McMun,'78,Helfrich Gramer,'79.Rank and file,66 men. SIXTH BATTALION. Colonel William Ross,'78;Lt.Col.SamuelNelson,'79;Major James Cham- berlain,'79. 1st Co.,Capt Laird,'78,PeterSpeece,'79;ist Lt.William Reed,'78,JohnSwan,'79;Ensign David Steel,'78,John Snyder,'79.Rank and file,84 men. 2nd Co.,Capt.CasperReineke,'78,William Coulson,'79;ist Lt.Jacob Rudisell, '78,Christian Keener,'79;2nd Lt.Simon Clear,'78;Ensign Elias Davis,'78,Matthew Dill,'79.Rank and file,89men. 3rd Co.,Capt.Alexander Nesbit,'79;Lt.Charles Brouster,'79;Ensign Henry Dewalt,'78,Lazarus Nelson,'79.Rank and file,85 men. 4th Co.,Capt.Frederick Kurtz,'78,Andrew Willson,'79;ist Lt.Matthew Baker,'78,James Quigly,'79;2nd Lt.Henry M ;Ensign Charle.'^Vantine,'78, William Buns,'79.Rank and file,85 men. 5th Co.,Capt.Peter Ekes,'78,Francis Boner,'79;ist Lt.John Mullin,'78, Thomas Black,'79;2nd Lt.Jonas Wolf;Ensign George Harmon,'78,PeterZeig- ler,'79.Rank and file,84 men. 6th Co.,Capt.Leonard Yenswene,'78,William Dodds,'79;ist Lt.John Wam- pler,'78,Joseph Dodds,jun.,'79;2nd Lt.Jacob Nucomer,'78;Ensign Ludwick Wampler,'78,Adam Guchus,'79.Rankand file,58 men. 7th Co.,Capt.AndrewForeman,'78,John Oblanas,'79;1st Lt.Henrj'Sturgeon, '78,John Polack,'79;2nd Lt.Richard Parsell,'78;Ensign James McMaster,'78, Benjamin Beaty,'79.Rank and file,86 men. 8th Co.,Capt.Abraham Sell,'78,Daniel May,'79;1st Lt.Jacob Kitsmiller,'78, Andrew Milhorn,'79;Ensign Charles Grim,'79.Rank and file,66 men. SEVENTH BATTALION. Col.David Kennedy,'78;Lt.Col.James Agnew,'78,Adam Winterode,'79; Major John Weams,'78,Joseph Lilley.'79. ist Co.,Capt.Thomas Latta,'78,Simon Clare,'79;istLt.Robert Fletcher,'78, Frederick Eyler,'79;2nd Lt.Samuel Cobain;Ensign Henry Shultz,'79.Rank and file,69 men. 2nd Co.,Capt.Thomas White,'78,Michael Carl,'79;ist Lt.Robert Geflfries, '78,Adam Hooper,'79;2nd Lt.John Geffries,'78;Ensign Alexander Lee,'78,Henry Feltv,'79.Rank and file,57 men. 3rd Co.,Capt.John Miller,'78,Conrad Shorets,'79;ist Lt.Peter Smith,'78, Henry Dewalt,'79;2nd Lt.John McDonald,'78;Ensign Quiller Winny,'78, Anthony Hinkel,'79.Rankand file,60men. 4th Co.,Capt.Abraham Purree,'79,PeterSolinger,'78;ist Lt.Daniel Amer, YORK COUNTY TROOPS IN THE REVOLUTION.451 '78,Christian Koenzan,'79;2nd Lt.Joseph Baltzler,'78;Ensign AnthonySnider, '78,John Smith,'79.Rankand file,64 men. 5th Co.,Capt.John Arman,'78,Henry Moore,'79;ist Lt.Daniel Peterman, '78,Henry Hohsteter,'79;2nd Lt.Michael Sech,'78;Ensign George Arman,'78, XJlrich Hohsteter,'79.Rank and file,65 men. 6th Co.,Capt.George Gisselman,'78,Andrew Foreman,'79;ist Lt.Frederick Hiner,'78,James McMaster,'79;2nd Lt.Henry Sumrough,'78;Ensign Valentine Alt,'78,Peter Foreman,'79.Rank and file,63 men. 7th Co.,Capt.Jacob Anient,'78,John Wampler,'79;1st Lt.Alexander '78,Adam Fisher,'79;2nd Lt.Nicholas Andrews,'78;Ensign Adam Clinepeter, '78,ChristianGehret,'79.Rank and file,55 men. 8th Co.,Capt.John Sherer,'78,Peter Ikes,'79;ist Lt.Jacob Hetrick,'78, Jonas Wolf,'79;2nd Lt.Frederick Mayer,'78;EnsignJacob Bear,'78,Alexander Adams,'79.Rankand file,70 men. EIGHTH BATTALION. Col,Henry Slagle,'78 ;Lt.Col.John Laird,'79 ;Major Joseph Lilley,'78, DavidWiley,'79. 1st Co.,Cap.Nicholas Gelwix,'78,James Maifet,'79;1st Lt.Adam Hoopard, '78,James Patterson,'79;2nd Lt.George Gelwix,'78 ;Ensign Henry Felty,'78, AlexanderAllison,'79.Rank and file,86 men. 2nd Co.,Cap.Thomas Manery,'79 ;ist Lt.Isaac McKissick,'78,Thomas Gowan, '79;Ensign Thomas Dixon,'88,David Douglass,'79.Rank and file,62 men. 3rd Co.,Cap.Umphry Andrews,'79,Joseph Reed,'78;ist Lt.Robert Smith, '78,Elias Adams,79;EnsignSamuel Collins,'78,Allen Anderson,79.Rank and file,53 men. 4th Co.,Cap.William Gray,'78,John Calwell,'79;ist Lt.James Patterson,'78, John Sinkler,'69 ;2ud Lt.Humphries Audress,'78 ;Ensign William McCuUuch, '78,James Logne,'79.Rankand file,69 men. 5th Co.,Cap.James Moffit,'78,Samuel Fulton,'79 ;ist Lt.Andrew Warick,'78, Moses Andrews,'79;2ud Lt.Samuel Moor,'78;Ensign Thomas .\llison,'78,Thomas Dickson,'79.Rank and file,64 men. 6th Co.,Cap.John Rippy,'78,James Edger,'79;ist Lt.John Caldwell,'78, John Campble,'79;EnsignJohn Taylor,'79.Rank and file,44 men. 7th Co.,Cap.Joseph Reed,78.Rankand file,59 men. 8th Co.,Cap.Thomas McNerey,'78;ist Lt.William Adams,'78.Rank and file,54 men. NOTE 35. (PAGE 158.) Gen.Henry Miller. GEN.HENRY MILLER was born in Lancaster County, Pa.,February 13,1751,and was the son of a farmer. After having acquired a good English education he read law with CoUison Reed,Esq.,of Reading,Penna. About the year 1760 he moved to Yorktown where he completed his legal studies under Samuel Johnson,Esq.He was married June 26,1770.Early in 1775 he was elected First Lieutenant of Capt.Michael Doudel's Company of York riflemen,which,on July 1st,1775,began its march to Cambridge,Mass.,and was the first that arrived in Massachusetts south or west of the Hudson.As to the brilliant services rendered by this Company against the British in front of Boston,see note.47. The following sketch was written for the Lancaster Examiner of Dec.9,1830,by W.C.Carter,with additions by the writer : "In 1776.his company with the regimenttowhich he belonged commanded at firstby Col.Thompson,and afterward by Col.Hand,marched to New York.In 1777,on the I2th of November,he was promoted by Congressto the office ofMajor in the sameregiment.In the followingyear [1778]he wasappointed Lieutenant- Colonel,commandant in the Second Regiment of Pennsylvania.In this latter o£5ce he continued until he left the army. "Capt.Miller was engaged,and took an active andgallant part,in the several battles of Long Island,York Island,White Plains,Trenton,Princeton,Head of Elk.Brandywine,Germantown and Monmouth,and in a considerable numberof other but less important conflicts.For his gallantryat thebattle of LongIsland, Col.Hand directed his promotion.-At the battle of Monmouth,he displayed most signal bravery.Two horses were,during that conflict,successively shot from beneath this youthful hero and patriot ;but nothingdepressed thevigorof his soul,for mounting a third he was in the thick of thebattle. "A companion in arms,writing of Miller,in the year iSoi,says,'He was en- gaged in most of the battles of note inthe Middle States.It would take much time to enumerate the many engagements,assuch,as are incident to light corps. It may,with confidence,be stated,that he musthaverisked his person in fifty or sixty conflicts with the British foe.He served with the highest reputation as an 'Note12.=ioPa.Ar.,N.S.,305. GENERAL HENRY MILLER. GENERAI.HENRY MII.I.ER.453 heroic,intelligent and useful officer.'In a letter ofWashingtontoCongress dated 'Trenton Falls,December 12,1776,'arethesewords :'Capt.Miller,of Col.Hand's regiment,also informsme,that a body of the enemy were marching to Burlington yesterday morning.He had been sent over with astrong scoutingparty,and,at daybreak,fell in with theiradvance guards consisting of about four hundred Hes- sian troops,who fired upon him before they were discovered,but without anyloss, and obliged him to retreat with his party andtotake boat.'Gen.Wilkinson in bis memoirs,states that Major Miller of Hand's riflemen,was ordered by Gen. Washington to check the rapid movements of theenemy in pursuitof the Ameri- can Army,while retreatingacrossthe State ofNewJersey.The order wasso suc- cessfully executed,and the advanceof a powerful enemy so embarrassed,that the American troops which afterward gainedthe Independence of theircountry,were preserved fromthe overthrow which would have proved the graveof our liberties. In a noteof the memoirs,the author says,among otherthings,'Gen.Miller,late of Baltimore,was distinguished for his coolbravery whereverhe served.He cer- tainly possessed the entire confidence ofGen.Washington.'Tomultiplyquota- tions would be useless,suffice to say that Miller is mentioned by many of the American historians,andalways with much applause. "When Miller first engaged in the war of the Revolution,he had little or no other fortune than hisdwelling-house.But before theclose ofthe war he wasre- duced to such necessities to support hisfamily that he was compelled to sell the house over the headsof his wife and children.He sometimes spoke ofthis as a very hard case,and in terms so pathetic astoexcite themost tender emotions. Atother timeshewould say,'I have not yet done all in my power to serve my be- loved country,my wife and children I trust will yetsee better days.' "In his pleasant manner he was heard to say,as to the house,the salehad at least saved him the payment of the taxes.Col.Miller being thus,through his patriotism,humiliatingly reduced in pecuniary circumstances,was obliged in the spring of1779 to resign his commission inthe armyand come to York.Here he continued toreside for some years,enjoying the love and affection of his fellow- citizens.In October,1780,he waselected high sheriff'of the county of York,and as such he continued until the expiration of histerm of office in November,17S3. At theseveral elections in October ofthe years 1783-84-S5,he waselected a mem- berof the Legislature of Pennsylvania.In May,1786,he was commissioned as prothonotary ofYork county,and in August ofthe same year he was appointed a justice of thepeace,and ofthe Court ofCommon Pleas.In the year 1790 hewas a member of the Convention which framed the present constitution ofthe com- monwealth of Pennsylvania.He continued in the office of prothonotary until July,1794.In this year (1794)great dangers were apprehended from the en- croachments ofthe Englishou our western territories.Wayne was at that time carrying ourarmsagainst the Indians into the western wilderness.Agreeably to the requisition of the President of the United States,contained in a lettertothe secretary of war,dated May 19,1794,Pennsylvania was required to furnish her quota of brigades toward forming a detachment of 10,769 militia,officers included. At this time Miller was General of the first brigade,composed of the countiesof York and Lancaster,and belongingtothe second division of Pennsylvania Militia commanded by Maj.Gen.Hand.Thisdivision,with severalothers,was required to be in readiness to march ata moment's warning. 454 GENERAL HENRY MII.I.ER. "In the sameyear wasthe 'western expedition,'an expedition occasionedby an insurrection inthe four western counties to resist the laws ofthe Union. "At thistime Gen.Miller was appointed,and went out as a quartermaster-gen- eral.Inthe same year he was appointed,by Gen.Washington,supervisor of the revenue for the district ofPennsylvania.In this office he acted with such ability, punctuality and integrity,that no one has everlaid the least failuretohis charge. But in 1801,Mr.Jefferson having been elected President,Gen.Miller wasremoved from the office of supervisor and was succeeded by PeterMuhlenberg. "Upon this event he left York,November 18,1801,and removed to Baltimore, where he resided for some yearsasan honest andrespectable merchant.At the commencement of the war of 1812,his soul was kindled to the former fires of youthful feeling.Relinguishing his mercantile pursuits he accepted the appoint- ment ofbrigadier general of the militia of the United States,stationed at Balti- more,and charged with the defense of Fort McHenry andits dependencies.Upon the enemy's leaving the Chesapeake bay,the troops were discharged andGen. Miller again retired to private life. "In the spring of 1813,Gen.Miller left Baltimore,and returned to hisnative State,Pennsylvania.He now residedona farm atthe mouthofthe Juniata river, in Cumberland county,devoting himself,with Roman virtue,to agricultural pur- suits.But his country soon called him from his retirement.The enemy having again made their appearance from Baltimore,he marched out with the Pennsyl- vania troops in the capacity of quartermaster-general.He again afterashort time returned to Pennsylvania,to reside on his farm at the mouth of theJuniata.At that place,like a Cincinnatus,away from the tumultofwar,he continued to reside until the spring of 1821.At that time being appointed prothonotary of Perry county,by Gov.Heister,he removed to Landisburg,the seat ofjustice ofthat county.He continued to live at Landisburg,until he wasremoved from officeby Gov.Shultze,in March,1824.On the 29th ofthe same month,the Legislature of Pennsylvaniabegantomake,though ata late period,some compensation for his important Revolutionary services.They required the state treasurer to pay him J240 immediately;and an annuity of the same sum during the remainder of his life.But Gen.Miller did not live long enough to enjoy this righteous provision. He removed with his family to Carlisle;but he hadhardly fixed hisabode there, and caughtthe kindlooks of his relatives and friends,when he was called by the tnessengerof peace to a distantand far brighter region where the music ofwar is unheard,and the stormsofcontention are at rest.He was seized with an inflam- mation of the bowels and died suddenly,in the bosom ofhis family,on Monday, the 5th of April,1S24.On Tuesday afternoon,the mortal part of the hero and patriot was consigned with military honors,tothe small and narrow house. "In private life Gen.Miller was friendly,socialand benevolent.He wasgener- ous even to a fault. "In public life,he had,what Lord Clarendon says of Hampden,ahead to con- trive,a heart to persuade,a hand to execute. "Hewas one of the foundersofthe St.John's Episcopal Church ofYork,and a manofgreat piety and sterling character." From Penna.Herald and York GeneralAdvertiser York,November25,1789. "On the 22nd inst.,Henry Miller and Henry Slagle,esquires,twoof the mem- bers of convention for this county,set off for Philadelphia to taketheir seats in that honorable body.They were accompanied to Wright's Ferry by a number of gentlemen from this borough." NOTE 36. (PAGE 158.) Major John Clark. His Autobiography—A Most Brilliant Career in the Revolution. From the York Recorder,March ^rd,1818. "To the Citizens of York Connty.—It is with great pleasure that we hearour fellow citizen Major John Clark,oftheborough of York,[born inLancastercounty, Pa.,about 1751],has consented to stand a poll for,member of Congress,(in the room of Jacob Spangler,Esq.,resigned),at the evening election to be held the 17th inst.An address witha concise historyofhismerit,andservices,during our Revolutionary Struggle,for Independence,and during the late war,willbe pub- lished in the next Recorder. "Mr.Hardt—Please toinsertthe above andoblige many." "York Recorder,March loth,1818. "A short history of MajorJohn Clark'smerits and services as performed in our lastpaper,to wit : "'I entered the service in June,1775,'andmarchedtothe reliefofourthen suf- fering brethren at Boston,and was in the affair of Charleston neck,took some prisoners and lost Corporal Cruix soon after.I was promoted and continued a lieutenant^in the first regiment until after the battle ofLongIsland.Iwasinthe firstskirmishnear Flatbush;and then I received a Major's commission in the Fly- ing Camp,under the command of Brigadier General Mercer;and in an expedition to Staten Island,^I took a stand ofBritish colors,of the 23rd Light Dragoons.I commanded the advance of 500 riflemen;and the firstHessianstaken,or rather Waldeckers,fell intomy hands about sixty.Soon after this I was detached upthe North River,and commanded a detachment of 200men to guard the passes oppo- site White Plains,where I remained and fortified itand prevented Gen.Howe's army from crossing the Hudson,and formed therear of theretreating army,until the affairoftaking the Hessians at Trenton,at which place I collected remains of the trophies ofvictory and kept possession of thetown.The day after,I marched with 200 men in pursuit of Gen.Stirling and Count Donoss,to AUentown,Hide- town and Cranberry (leaving the British in my rear at Princeton).At these two places I took a great deal of theenemy's stores,etc.,and at Hidetown my advance killed the noted Pearson ofJersey,and took thirty British ofiicers.This bold ad- '3rdLieut,Capt.Michael Doudel's Company,(Note47). ''2nd Lieut,inCapt.Henry Miller'sCompany ofCol.Hand'sRegiment,(Note 34).'October 15,1776,Amer.Ar.,5 Ser.Vol.II,pp.1073-1093. 456 MAJOR JOHN CLARK. vanced corps revived the drooping spirit of the Militia,—and the next morning I was noticedby the Commander-in-chiefand Generals Green and Reed. "'The former gave a British officer's sword and I was requested to continue in service,(for the Flying Camp was nowdischarged)and Eent tojoin Gen.Mifflin, with orders to assist him in arranging the militia ;and was the only officerwith him,in addressing the New England and Rhode Island regiments at Crosswicks, to stay one month longer in service.The next day I was dispatched from Tren- ton by Gen.Greene alone to advanceand discoverthe forceoftheenemyadvancing under Earl Cornwallis.This I did and returned tohelp to form the advance corps that received his Lordship ;and continued the cannonade and commanded until night.And the next morning I served as Brigade Major to Gen.Mifflin atPrince- ton and on our arrival at Norristown I was promoted to the rank of Major and Aide-de-Camp to General Greene,and shortly before the affair at Brandywine,I was wounded severely through my right shoulder (which even yet,at times,lays meup formany days.)Atthe battle ofGermantown I took Captain Speak of the 37th Light Infantry.I thoughtof a plan and digestedit togain immediate intel- ligence of the enemies'loss,and the next evening I put itinto complete execu- tion by great personal hazard and communicatedittoGeneral Washington,who was so satisfied,that he approved of my conduct,gave me an unlimited command and power to act as I pleased ;and I soon discovered the whole of the enemies' design and communicated it to General Washington with so much exactness that he made the formidable disposition at White Marsh,which disgraced Sir Wm. Howe,and his army.I also advised the detaching a brigade to Wilmington,to secure it,and the navigation of the Delaware,andGeneral Smallwood was sent ; and by this meanstwo of the enemies'ships fell into his hands ;the enemywere prevented from having any communication with the tories,etc.,between there and Philadelphia.In this active employment I continued until mywound in- duced me to apply for leave to retire,until myhealth should recruit,and on the 2nd of January,1778,the Commander-in-Chief sent for me andthe then Captain Lee,the late Governor ofVirginia,and in secret consulted us,(as we had been the two eyes of his army)on the practicability of attackingSirWilliam Howe,then near Derby ;taking the hay of Tinicum Island;or ofsurprising the corps left in Philadelphia.We advised him against either.He wasso satisfied that he offered me any berth I would point out in hispower to give andI declined on account of my health.He wroteamere letter of introduction to the then President of Con- gress (Mr.Laurens)stating my merits and services,and hinting he would if my health permitted,recommendme more particularly to the notice of Congress at a future time.At this critical period there were partiesagainst that great officer and it was known I was one of his warmest friends.Mr.Laurens,in a few days after I delivered him his letter,informed me Congress had long thought of estab- lishing an Auditor's office in the army underthe Commander-in-Chief,to call all officers who had received money on account ;particularly the Paymaster;as money could not beremitted fastenough,and that Iwas appointed.Ideclined, first,on account of my health,andsecondlybecause the money wassodepreciated I could not subsist,and was determined I would not accept it ;butwas informed that I would offend Congress,and the Commander-in-Chief also,who had this plan muchinview.I wasassured by the then Board of the Treasury that if I ac- cepted it,my depreciation would,at a future day,be allowed me.Under this promise I wrote,on the 24th of February,to the President that,'I would accept MAJOR JOHN CLARK.457 without any fixed stipulation,and submit to Congress,whatcompensation should be made at a future time,when the work was done.'I left my family and every means of speculation,by which I could have made a fortune,and performed the laborious duties of that ofSce (for my colleague,Matthew Clarkson,resigned the June following)for two years;till my health was so injured by my extreme fatigue,that all the physicians advised me to retire if I wished to prolonglife ;in November,1779,I resigned.And,though I accepted thedisagreeable ofSce when my health could not permit me to do the dutyofa military officer,yet this was not all the sacrifice :for I actually advanced /1152 rod.forone of the bestteams in America to secure and haulthe apparatusof the Auditors,their baggage and paperofthe office out of my own pocket (as there wasnot then a sufficiency in the Treasury that could be spared)to set the business in a proper train,so that no delay might take place.After my resignation,Isold the team and the man kept me out of the money until I sued him and then he tendered it into Court,and it was so depreciatedthat I declined takingit,so that I lost all that money.' "The following commendatory letters are from General Washington and Presi- dent Monroe : "Headquarters,VAr.i,EY Forge,Jan.2,1778. "'Sir—I takethe libertyof introducing Major John Clark,the bearer ofthis,to your notice.Heentered the service at the commencementof the war andhas fey some time past acted asaid-de-camp to Major GeneralGreene.He is active,sen- sible and enterprising and has rendered me verygreatassistance since the Army has been in Pennsylvania,by procuring oneconstant and certain intelligence of the motions and intentionsof the enemy.It is somewhat uncertain whether the state of the Major's health will admit of his remaining in the military line ;if it should,I may perhaps have occasion to recommend him in a more particular man- ner to the favourof Congressat afuture time.At present I can assure you that if you should,while he remainsin the neighborhood of York,haveany occasion for his services,you will findhim not only willing,but very capable of executing any ofyour commands.I havethe honor to be,etc., "'The Hon.H.Laurens.GEORGE WASHINGTON.' "'Carlisle,Oct.6,1794. "'Sir—Your favor of the 27th ult.,was put intomy hands in the movement I was leaving Philadelphia City and I havehad neither leisurenoropportunity of acknowledgingthe receipt ofit since,till now. "'I thank you foryourpoliteoffer of attending me to thefield ;but my going thither,or returning to the seat of government in time forthe meeting of Con- gress,depends upon circumstances not within my controU,nor of which have I such accurate information asto enable me to decide.Nothing short of imperious neccessity canjustifymy being absent from the seat ofgovernment while Congress is in session.Under this viewof the matter,I decline making any establishment of a family,unless that necessity should occur,when,in the choice of aid I must have regardtoconsiderations of different kinds. "'I am,sir,your obedient servant, "'MajorJohn Clark.GEO.WASHINGTON.' "'Washington,April i,1812. "'Dear Sir—MajorJ.Clark,a Revolutionary officer of merit,an aid-de-camp to Gen,Greene,and with whom I was well acquainted,has requested me to make 458 MAJOR JOHN CLARK. him known to you,which I dowith pleasure in giving him this introduction.He has a claim on the United States for services rendered at that interesting epoch, and I wish only to apprise you of histrue character,being conscious thatitre- quires nothing more than a knowledge ofit to secure your attentions to his case so far as to see that he has justice rendered to him.You will excuse the liberty which I take in favor ofan old Revolutionary friend. "'Withgreatrespect and esteem,I am sincerely yours, '"The Hon.M.Gibson.JAMES MONROE.' "HEADQUARTERS,2ist September,1814. "The commanding general,in taking leaveof MajorJohn Clark,has the pleas- ure of offering him his thanks for thezeal and the active services he has volun- tarily rendered duringhis stay at Baltimore,and in its defence. "SAMUEL SMITH, "Major General Commanding. "Major Clark offered Gen.Smith to advance and attack the British army on their landing at North Point and submitted his plan to Col.Howard and Gen. Winderwhoapprovedofit and said he ought to have the command of the 300 Pennsylvaniansand as many Marylanders and the same numberofVirginians,and he reconnoitered the ground forthat purpose,but it had beengiven toothers. "(Something further on the subject willprobably be presented to the public in ournext paper.)" "York Recorder,March 17th,1818. "At the battle ofMonmouth he carried ordersto Major Gen.Charles Lee to at- tack and annoy the British army,and helped himto form a regiment who beat the British Light Horse and checked their advance,and gave time to form the American army under Gen.Washington and carried orders to Major Gen.Lord Stirling to send the Commander-in-chief (then in front on theheightsof Freehold) two Pennsylvania Brigades with Gen.Wm.Irvine tocommand them,and then to help Lord Stirling to form his division on the ridge of ground,westward in the rear of the Morass with the Causeway in front ofhim,being the left wing of the army.The firstshotfromthe enemy's cannon struck the ground,not fifteen feet from the Major." The following important letter from General Lee to Major Clark is in reference to hi.s trial by court-martial for his conduct at Mon- mouth: "White Plains,September 3,1773. "Sir—I was so thoroughly convinc'd in my own mind ofstanding on the firmest ground,and ofthe clearness of having done,and morethan barely done my duty inthe affairofthe 28th ofJune,that I did not take the pains to collect Evidence, some I sav'd to save time and trouble to the Courts,but thewonderful industry that has been shewn by my Prosecutors to accomplish the ruinofmy fameand fortunes,and the strange mode in which the tryal hasbeen conducted give merea- son to think that I ought to haveomitted notthe least evidence for myjustifica- tion—and as I am reminded (for I really had forgot it)that you can witness some verj'important circumstance onapoint on which the greatest stress hasbeenlaid, I mean orders sent to me by his Excellency andmy answer,I must entreatthat MAJOR JOHN CLARK.459 you will favor me with a declaration in writing upon your honour,ofwhatyou recollect onthissubject—andam,Sir,Your Most "Obdt humble Servt "CHARLES LEE." Major Clark has written on the back of this letter the following: "Letter,Major-Genl.Lee,Sept.3,1778.Answeredsame day vide copy,&c., which I immediately shewed Genl.Washington &his A.D.C's Tilghman &Fitz- gerald,&and approved of by them." "Maior Clark presented petitions to the Courts ofBedford &c.and advocated them—got the great road laid out from Sideling Hill,through the Cove,McCou- nel's Town and Fort Louden to Chambersburg,and from there to Philadelphia, and made the great state road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg,through York County.He also did the same respecting the Canal Turnpike,and fromthence to the Harrisburg bridge.He petitioned the Court and gotastone bridge built over the Yellow Breechescreek at Haldemau's forgeby the CountiesofYorkand Cum- berland,and has now offered to do the same at BeaverCreek,near Berlin,and without fee or reward.He also tried to get Congresstofix their permanent seat at York—and he did thesame by writing to President Monroe,after the burning of the Capitol at Washington,he solicited a command to prevent it ayearbefore.' "'New York,April 28th,1789. "'Dear Sir—I am much obliged toyou for your friendly congratulations,but assure youthat in the present state of public aifairs,I preferinfinitely the private to the public station.However,here I am,and while here,will endeavor todo my duty.When the question respectinga federal town shall come on,I have no doubt that it will be thought expedient toplace it somewhere between the Susque- hanna and the Delaware,and that every attention willbe paidtothe interest of the Union,and to the national propositionof the citizens,that can possibly be ex- pected.For my own part I shall be in favor ofa full hearing to all parties,and to an impartial decisionupon principles to public interest. "'I remain,dear sir,with every wish for your welfare and happiness,your friend and humble servant.E.GERRY. "'Col.Clark.' "'New York,Oct.i,1789. "'Dear Sir—I am favored with yours of the 7lh and 22ud ofSeptember and for reasons which I have not time to enumerate,I have thought that there will be a better prospect of giving general satisfaction,byplacing the permanentresidence on the Delaware than on the Susquehanna.But not wishing to oppose the pre- vailing opinion of Pennsylvania and the states east of it,excepting NewJersey,I voted with them for Susquehanna.The Senate,however,Non-concurred in the bill,and this being agreed to by the House,withone amendment,is referred by the Senate to the next session.I took noshare in the debates,but thought too many of the speakers influenced by local views,held forth principles which must make unfavorable impression ;I hope,however,liberality will be generallydif- fused in the nextdiscussion,and remain,dear sir,your very humble servant. "'Col.Clark.E.GERRY.' 460 MAJOR JOHN CLARK. "'Cambrage,March 8th,1812. "'MyDear Sir—I have received your very friendly letter on the 19th of Decem- ber,a short time before the last session of our legislature,andhave been so occu- piedsince,and indeed for the last nine months,as to have had not a day to attend to my private concerns,my friendsor correspondents.If I can render you any service now,by a letter to our members of Congress,I will write one to them jointly ;for it may serve youinsome instances,although some of the gentlemen may hold political principles differing from my own.My present office is the most laborious that I ever filled.In this state,the British faction have not only exceeded every other in their libellouspublicationsbut have literally threatened me with fire and sword.I believe,however,they are convinced that such means are not effective to prevent a faithful discharge ofmy office.In caseofa war,our veteran officers,I trust,will be placed in the highest grades.If I should,at any time,go on to Washington it wouldgive me great pleasure to call on you ;and I shall always be happy to see you at my rural retreat.Mrs.Gerry has not of late years enjoyed good health ;but it is much improved and I flatter myself will be fully established.We exceed you in number,having nine children living and having lost one.This I shall directtoyouathome,as I presume you must have left Washingtonere this.Acceptmy best wishes for the welfare of yourself,Mrs. Clark,and your amiable youngcircle,and be assured Iremain very sincerely and respectfully your friend.E.GERRY. "'Col.Clark.' "He at his own expense sentthe firstaccountby his servant to Congress,then at York,and to his friends at Lancaster and York,of the Augusta man ol war 64 guns and a frigate beingblown up,and the defeatof Count Donoss at Red Bank, with the loss of 500 men,as per Messrs.Zantzinger and Donaldson's letters,with one from Gen.Roberdeauthen inCongress. "'Dear Sir—Your favor I acknowledge with many thanks,asitdid not fail to afford me thatrealsatisfaction and joy,a loverof his country would feel on such important and interestingintelligence.I would not detain the messenger longer than to repeat my acknowledgments,tobeg a continuance of such favors,and to assure you that I am,with esteem,dear sir,yourmost obedient friend and servant. "'York-town,Oct.25,1777.DANIEL ROBERDEAU.' "'Lancaster,Oct.25,1777. "'sir—Your favor with the agreeable news,came to hand yesterday about four in theafternoon,which gavegeneral satisfaction and am extremely obliged to you. Should anythingnow happen,shall esteem it as a favor to give me intelligence,if not too much trouble.The firing atFort Mifflin washeard here distinctly,par- ticularly theexplasion,which seemed morelikeanearthquakethan anything else. "'I am,sir.yourmost obedient humble servant. '''PAUL ZANTZINGER. ' "'York,Nov.10,1777. "'DearMajor—Yourfavorsofthe ist ult.,5thand 7th inst.,cameto hand,thefirst containing aletter forMrs.Clark,which I forwarded.I am much obliged toyou for the intelligenceyou have fromtime to time transmitted to me ;it has been the earliest account which Congresshasreceivedof the facts you mentioned.The in- habitants of Philadelphia will suflFer extremely,should Howekeep possession of MAJOR JOHN CLARK.461 the city this winter.I am told that beef and bread are excessively scarce and dear,and that the poor whigs,whom theenemy have thrown into prison,arein want of the necessities of life.My heart feels for them,for I am afraid many of them will perish for mere want.I begin togrow uneasy for ourbrave men who garrison Red Bank and Mud Island.I think it probable theenemy will senda large force to take thoseplaces,as they can have no safety in Philadelphia,while we keep possession of the river.Your expeditions on the banksof Delaware was very clever,and the finesse you made use of to get the Fendvis men ashore,was really entertaining ;afterthis affair they will suspectthetories,andthinkthey go on board their vessels to reconnoitre.I have not yet been honored withaline from Gen.Greene ;however sent the cloth and trimmings I had suitable,agreea- ble to your directions.Inclosed are thebills—all the buffcloth is now sold—but should any ofyour friends have occasion for blue,green or drab cloth,wecan sup- ply them.Inclosed I send you the convention of Saratoga,with half sheet of news,which perhaps you have not seen.I request you will favor me with aline by every opportunity and ifI can render youany service here,pray command me. Your friends are all well and desire to be remembered to you. "'Iam,dear sir,yoursaffectionately. "'MajorJohn Clark.JOSEPH DONALDSON.' (Major Joseph Donaldson was at the date of this letter a mem- ber of the Council of Safety.') "'Tomy fellow citizens of York County with distinction,will you not,asfar as you can,requite one for past service,and confide in me hereafter?And to those in York,I hope they will believe metheir affectionate and zealous friend ;and unite in supporting me on the 17th inst.,for their member of Congress.'By their fruits ye shall know them.'This is my first askingand it will probably be the last.I am,gentlemen,truly yours, "'JOHN CLARK.'" The present scribe regrets to state that Maj'or Clark was not elected a member of Congress in partial recognition and compen- sation for his valiant services in the Revolution. The following unpublished autograph letter of Gen.Hugh Mer- cer,commandant of the Flying Camp is in the possession of Mr. Grier Hersh : "Perth Amboy,8thSept.,1776. "Gentlemen—The bearer of this Lt.John Clark hasbeen recommended to me by an officer of Rank in whom I can entirely confide,as a person extremely well qualified and from his services entitled to a Rank much Superior to what he has held.I understand a majority in the 2nd Battalion of York Countyis vacant to which I begleaveto recommend Mr.Clark.YourchoiceofHim I hope willgive satisfactiontoyou &all concerned.I am Gentlemen "To Cols.McAllister Very Respectfully and Slagle &the Field Your Ob't Serv't. officers from York.HUGH MERCER. 462 MAJOR JOHN CLARK. Endorsement in the handwriting of Major Clark : "Honble Brig.Gen.Mercer,8th Sept.1776 in favor of Major Clark,and I was appointed Major in Col.McAl- lister's Regt of Flying Camp thenatAnihoy." Major Clark tendered his services in the war of 1812-14,and offered Gen.Smith to advance and attack the Briti.sh army on its landing at North Point,submitting his plans to Col.Howard and Gen.Winder,who approved them. Major Clark had just commenced the practice of law when the troublous times ofthe Revolution came on.Some years after this struggle he resumed his practice,continuing until the time of his death.Like most of the lawyers of his day,he "rode the cir- cuit,"practicing in many of the counties of the State.He was the only lawyer present at the opening of the first term of Court held in Franklin County,Sept.15,1784,on the second story of John Jack's tavern. He was a man of large frame,fine personal appearance,and brave to a fault ;a man of fine mind,was a good lawyer,wrote a beautiful hand,and was very sarcastic in speech when he thought it necessary to be.He was also a great wit,fond of fun and frolic, and hence his company was much sought after.In 1818,as sta- ted,he ran for Congress,and advanced his brilliant soldier record in support of his candidacy.But he was defeated,and his great services to his country were unrewarded.His property was im- mediately after his defeat sold by the Sheriff.He was a promi- nent member of the Masonic fraternity,and a vestryman of St. John's Episcopal Parish from 1784 to 1791.He resided at the southwest corner of Market and Beaver streets.He married a daughter of Captain Nicholas Bittinger,died December 27,1819, and his remains were buried in St.John's Episcopal Churchyard, York.His descendants are all dead. The portrait of Major Clark was interred with the remains of Julia Clark,his daughter,at her request,in St.John's Episcopal Churchyard. NOTE37. (page 158.) The Old Court House. Its Bell,Figure of Justice,and Weather Vane—The Dwellings Surrounding Court House Square AND Blocks Adjacent in 1799,and Years Prior and Subsequent. THE Court House,in Court House Square,York,was com- pleted in 1756,except the steeple,which was built in 181 5 for a town clock;the Market House adjoining on the west was erected about 1758,and the State House adjoining the former on the east in 1793. About the year 1774,a bell was brought from England to York, a gift to St.John's Episcopal Church from Queen Caroline of England (doubtless the sister of George HI,and wife of the King of Denmark.)As the church building had no belfry or tower, the bell was deposited on the pavement of Joseph Updegraff,Esq., in Centre Square,where it remained for some time.It was after- wards hung in the tower of the Court House,where it remained until the building was torn down.It was there rung on Sundays, at the appointed hours of service of St.John's Episcopal Church.' When the news of the Declaration of Independence was brought to York,James Smith,(a signer of the Declaration)Archibald Mc- Lean and others hoisted the bell to the Court House tower or cupola,and by them used to ring out the glad tidings far and wide.When profane hands,in 1841,demolished this Temple of Liberty the bell was removed to the belfry of St.John's Church. Above the Judge's seat in the Court room were hung the royal "arms of Great Britain,"in the rear the "Figure of Justice,"and on top of the tower was a broad arrow of England,(a mark of sov- 464 OLD COURT HOUSE.EARLY RESIDENTS. ereignty)for a vane ;both the arms and vane were removed in 1776.Pulaski was authorized by Congress to raisea command of sixty-eight horse and two hundred foot,and York was the rendez- vous of his legion before its march to South Carolina.The dash- ing legion of Armand de la Rouerie was also recruited here at that time,and was afterwards quartered here.It is said that the suc- cess of these two foreign leaders gave to the Court House its crown- ing ornament—a gilded dragoon in panoply of sword and helmet elevated as a vane to replace the broad arrow on the spire. Another tradition is,that the arrow was supplanted by a weather cock which was used as a target by stray militia men,and being in time battered out of shape,the gilded dragoon took its place. The clock that belonged to the cupola was secured by Christ's Lutheran Church,but has been long since replaced.The Conti- nental Congress began its session in this Court House on Septem- ber 30,1777.' The Old Residents in Court House Square and Adjacent. The early residents surrounding Court House Square and the blocks abutting thereon were:On southwest corner of Square and George street (generally called Jail Street because the county jail was on it)was Jacob Upp's tavern,before and after 1800; in 1816,Drift and Gardner's store,Michael Gardner's store,1818, followed by Gallagher and Wert's.Next south,1812,was Conrad Laub's Green Tree Inn,60 feet front,succeeded,1816,by Francis Jones'store,1817,by Robert Hamersley's Inn,(sign of James Law- rence,Esq.,)where General Jackson quartered in 1819,^followed by Thomas McGrath's Inn,1820,by George Fahnestock's Drug store,1821,and in 1823 by Charles A.Morris'apothecary.Next door south came Dr.John Rouse;across Mason alley,in 1805,was the last office of Hon.James Smith,'with his high-porched,blue, rough-coated dwelling adjoining,and at the corner of King street resided his son-in-law,attorney James Kelly. In the southwest angle of the Square,facing north,when the Continental Congress sat in the Court House,was the two-story frame building in which James Smith had his law office,and was 1Note 51.'Note 32.SNote53. OLD COURT HOUSE SQUARE,YORK,PA. MARKET STREET,EAST OF BEAVER,YORK,PA.,1830. OIvD COURT HOUSE,EARLY RESIDENTS.465 occupied during the session of Congress here by the Board ofWar, and Committee on Foreign Affairs,of which the patriot,Tom Paine,was secretary;subsequently the house was occupied by Martin Austin,tailor,one of whose journeymen was Isaac Singer, the famous inventor of the Singer Sewing Machine,who married Lizzie Sponsler,of York;in the same angle,west,was the little Laurel Engine House before it was removed to North George street.' On the southwest corner of the Square and High (now Market) street,was the store of William Spangler and Daniel Schriver, succeeded,182 1,by Thomas McGrath's Globe Inn,where Daniel Webster and General Lafayette were entertained;next door west, 1822,came Samuel Spangler's "York House"-with Gen.Jacob Spangler's residence adjoining;'then came,1816,Col.George Hay's "Indian King's"tavern,succeeded,1822,by John Hay's "Indian Queen,"the last two were occupied by Colonel Michael Swoope and Lt.Col.John Hay during the Revolution;then fol- lowed the residences of Charles A.Barnitz,Jacob Upp and Col. Thomas Hartley,the latter succeeded by Catherine Drift;next, 1816,George Upp,1817,Thomas McGrath's boot and shoe store; next came SheriffJacob Eichelberger,succeeded byJacob Emmett's boot and shoe store;and 1817,followed by other property of John Hay,Jr.;then the German Presbyterian church,''built by Peter and Henry Small,1799,with the residence of Rev.David Candler, succeeded by the Hon.George Barnitz,extending to the corner of South Beaver street;he by Jacob Glessner,Justice of the Peace, and he by Francis Koch,jeweler. On the opposite corner,west,was the three-story brick residence of Major John Clark,'^then the largest private building in York, and in which,1816,was the store of H.&J.Love &Co.,followed by Hammersley and Rosenmiller,and theyby A.W.Sterling;next came William Wagner's drug store,and adjacent,Thomas Jame- son's "Shakespeare Inn;"near Water street was,1789,the store of Michael Hahn,succeeded by Jacob Hahn,1791,and in 1816, by the store of John Schmidt."On the southwest corner of High and Water streets was the storeof Harris and Donaldson,succeeded in 1797,by William Nes;in 1816,by the Inn of Robert Hammer- iNote30.=Antep.173.^Ante p.1S4.<Note25!^.'jjote36.^Ante p.197. 466 OLD COURT HOUSE,EARLY RESIDENTS. sky,succeeded by Michael DoudePs "Golden Horse"tavern,after wards,1836,kept by Adam Klinefelter,witli the little Active (in 1816,the Vigilant)engine house adjoining;'next to the Codorus Creek came the tan yard of the Doudels,while on the opposite bank resided Jesse Spangler. The northwest corner of the Square and High street,65 by 230 feet,was purchased by Baltzer Spengler,Sr.,at the laying out of York,1741."It was at his house,at the elections of 1749 and 1750,the famous riots occurred;-*upon his death in 1770,the cor- ner of about 25 feet,came under the will,to Daniel Spangler,and the remainder to Baltzer Spengler,Jr.John Greer bought the corner,and in 1801,and before,had his store there;in 1810,he was succeeded by Penrose Robinson and Daniel Schriver's store,and they by William Nes,*and later by Demuth and Bumgardner.Next to the corner came the "Black Horse" Inn of Baltzer Spengler,Jr.,in which President Washing- ton lodged in 1791.'^Upon his demise in 1798,his sou Samuel Spangler conducted the Inn until 1822,when he was succeeded by Henry King,and within a few years by John Koontz,and he byJacob Stoehr,as Innkeepers;next came Daniel Spangler,1801, followed by Jacob Upp,and he by George Upp;next,1801, came Graver's hat shop;then,1801,Jacob Hay's store;then,1801, George Stake,who had as successor.Justice of the Peace Ignatius Ivightner;next adjoining,Frederick Rummel's "King of Prussia" tavern;then,1801,Thomas Taylor's store,succeeedcd 1810,by Garretson and Dinsman;next,1801,Michael Weidman;then, 1801,John Forsythe,and he,1821,by Jacob Dritt;'^then came John Eichelberger's "Buck Tavern,"succeeded 1822,by Andrew Newman,and he,1836,by Post-master Daniel Small,^where the post office was then kept;next came the corner of Beaver street, owned and occupied,iSoi,as a hardware store,by Peter Diukcl,- succeeded b}'Zeibe Durkee,who built the White Hall hotel,and who was followed by John Welsh. On the northwest corner of High and Beaver streets was,in 1816,the store of Henry Irwin,succeeded by Candor &Stable, Henry B.Funk,Penrose Robinson,who later moved next door 'Note 30. OLD COURT HOUSE,EARLY RESIDENTS.467 north,and by Charles Hay.On North Beaver street,east,next to Clark alley,north,lived Col.Michael PL Spangler,'and Dr.John Spangler,nearly opposite."On High street,second door west of Beaver,was the Inn of Captain PhilipGossler,afterwards conducted by Major Conrad Laub,and occupied in 1814 by the York Bank ; further west was the residence of John Barnitz,Esq.,and where Dr.Jacob Hay and his sister now live was the residenceof Rudolf Spengler f the second house east of Water street was theresidence of Postmaster Peter Spangler,where the post office was kept in i8r6 and years afterwards,and the house in which some of the Conway conspirators tried to lure Gen.Lafayette into their net ;* at the corner,1836,was T.Smith's "Golden Plough"tavern. In the northwest angle of the square were the stores of William Goodridge(colored)andJohn Breneise,withGodfrey Lenhart's clock store on the corner of North George street,succeeded byJacob Dritt, liquor merchant,and in 1836,by Schreiber,Welsh &Co.; between the store and Clark alley was for a long time,a vacant lot;north of the alley,1822,was George Shetter's "York Hotel."Archibald McLean occupied the northeast corner of the Square and North George street during the Revolution,(it was in his house that the Continental Treasury was located during the session of Congress here,1777-8)followed by his son-in-law Ensign Jacob Barnitz;adjoining on the north was the tin andcopper store of Charles F.Fisher,'^with Dr.John Fisher,Sr.,adjoining ; and in 1836,by J.Craumer's "Pulaski"Inn. In the northeast angle of the Square was the residence of Gen. Henry Miller,''succeeded by attorney David Cassat (father of the late Mrs.Samuel Small)and he by cashierJohn Schmidt. On the northeast corner of the Square and High street was the property of Andrew Billmeyer,purchased by George Small in 1809,and opened by him as a hardware store,and who had for his successors his sons P.A.&S.Small ;next property east was that of Elizabeth Billmeyer,occupied in 1812 by George S.Morris and Samuel Small's general store,and followed by Charles A.Morris' drug store ;next came Jacob Billmeyer,succeeded in 1789 by John Greer's store,succeeded by William Spangler's tobacco store ;next •Ante p.161.^Antep.iSi.6Antep.211. ^Antep.I7i.'Antep193,Note55.''Note35. 468 OLD COURT HOUSE.EARLY RESIDENTS. came Charles F.Fisher's new tin and copper store ;next came Andrew Johnson's,1773-1789,"Black Bear"Inn,followed byJ. Craumer,he by Clement Stillinger,(sign of Gen.Jackson),and he by William Spangler;then came George Heckert,and Charles Mitzel's cigar store;then Peter Ahl;then Col.George Spangler's Inn,'(sign of General Washington),succeeded,1823,^Y John Koontz,-and he by Anthony Eck;then followed the residence of Dr.William Mcllvain;next at the corner of Duke street,came Isaac Kepner,shoemaker,Jacob Fry,tailor,succeeded by Jacob Brown,and Cooper Oram,tailors,and then came the Laurel en- gine house,1824;on the opposite corner resided Philip Heckert. On the southeast corner of High street and the Square,a two- story brick house was built,in 1811,and still standing,by Benja- min Hersh,as his tavern,the "Golden Swan,"followed by Lud- wig Michael's tin store,succeeded by Dr.Thomas D.Jameson, afterwards Samuel Weiser's store,succeeded by his sons,Jacob and Charles;then came Michael Welsh's hat store,then Philip Walte- myer's "White Horse"Inn,succeeded by Thomas Metzel's "Turk's Head"tavern;Samuel Weiser,hatter,came next;then John Irwin's store and tavern,1811,succeeded by John Hartman's first store,where the Marshall House now stands. Where the Court House now stands,came Killian Small,Sr., carpenter,succeeded by Peter Small,his son,a carpenter;then came Frederick Youse,cow-bell maker,succeeded by Peter Rupp, 1822;then came the property of Henry Smyser,where the Se- curity Title and Trust Company building now is;then Henry Hertzog,boot and shoe maker and Dr.Alexander Small at the Arcade;next came Henry Small,carpenter,(Keesey property); then Esquire George Heckert followed by his son Jacob;then came the school and music teacher,Michael Bentz ;then at the corner of Duke street was the blacksmith shop ofJesse Hines,and as successors,Michael W.Ash,Esq.,Peter Debarth,Mrs.David Cassat and Charles Weiser.On the next corner east resided Julia Odewald,with successors,John Hunter and James Vaughn,and Jacob Fry,tailor,in the rear building;second dooreast lived Mrs. John Spengler,Sr.,^with her son,Sheriff Zachariah Spangler,ad- joining. lAnte p.152.2Ante p.224.'Ante p.213. OLD COURT HOUSE,EARLY RESIDENTS.469 On the southeast corner of the Square and George street was the tavern of Gottlieb Ziegle,followed,1822,by Clement Stillinger, and in 1824 by John Hartman;then came Alexander Klinefelter's inn with George Haller and Mr.Flory adjoining;then JohnKoch succeeded by his son,Richard Koch,silversmith;at the corner of Mason alley was saddler Krafft;then came Christ German Luth- eran church,with the log school house;'next came Dr.John Rouse,and next at the corner of King street stood the large stone county jail. NOTE 38. (PAGE 159- ) President Washington's Visit to York in 1791. Verbatim Extracts from His Diary Recounting His Ex- perience Here.Listens to a Sermon in German. Address to Him by the Citizens of York and His Reply.His Funeral Obsequies IN York in 1800. A Verbatim Extract from President Washington's Diary of 1 791,IN the Possession of Dr.J.M.Toner, Washington,D.C,and other Extracts. "thursday,june 30. "At Frederick Town,Maryland :June 30.—The business which brot'me to Georgetown being iinished &the Comrs instructed with respecttothe mode of carrying the plan into effect I set off thismorning a little after4 o'clock in the prosecution of myjourney towards Philadelphia ;and being desirous ofseeing the nature of the Country North of Georgetown,and all along the upper Road,I re- solvedtopass through Fredericktown in Marylaml—&York &Lancaster in Penn- sylvania &accordingly—Breakfasted at a small village called Williamsburgh iu which stands theCt House of Moutgomerie County (Maryland)14 M from George Town—dined at one Peter's tavern 20 Miles further—andarrivedat Frederick town about sundown—the whole distance 43 miles." — IVashingioii'sDiary. From Claypoole'sDaily Advertiser,July 9,lygi. "Frederick-Town,July 5.—On Thursday evening last (June 30)at twenty five minutes past seven o'clock,the President ofthe United States,accompanied by his Secretary Major Jackson,arrived in this town from Mount Vernon,on his way to Philadelphia.So sudden and unexpected was thevisitof this amiable and illus- trious character,as to leave it entirely out ofthe powerof the citizens to make the necessarypreparations for his reception.On notice being given of his arrival,the bells of the Lutheran and Calvinist churches were rung—fifteen rounds from Can- non Hill were discharged—and a band of music serenaded him in the evening. He was politelyinvited to spend the succeeding day in town;but answered (asan apology for not accepting theinvitation)that public businessobliged him to has- tento Philadelphia.The next morningatten o'clock,he proceeded on his jour- ney,escorted by several gentlemen,over the Monocosy,on his route to York. WASHINGTON'S VISIT TO YORK.471 Previous to his departure,an address,drawn ingreathaste,was presented to him : to which he was pleased toreturn an answer ;exhibiting as usual fresh proofsof his greatnessand goodness." "FRIDAY,JULY i. "AtTaneytown,Maryland :July i.—Received an address from the Inhabitants of Frederick Town and about 7 o'clock left it—dined at oneCookerlys 13 miles off &lodged at Tawnytown only 12 Miles farther—beingdetainedat the firststageby Rain and to answer the address wch had been presented to nie in the Morning. Tawny town is but a small place with only the street through wch the Road passes,builton—the buildings are principally ofwood." — Washington's Diary. "SATURDAY,JULY 2. "At Yorktown,Pennsylvania:July 2.—Set out a little after 4o'clock and in ab't 6 Miles crossed the line wch divides theStates ofMaryland&Pennsylvania — the Trees in wch are so grown up that I could not perceive the opening though I kept a lookout for it.—9 Miles from Tawny town,Littlestown is passed,they are of similar app'e but ye latterismore insignificant than the former.—Seven Miles farther we came to Hanover (commonly called McAlister's town)a very pretty village with a number of good Brick Houses &Mechanics in it.At this place,in a good Inn,we breakfasted—and in 18 Miles more reached York Town where we dined &lodged.—After dinner in company with Colo [Thomas]Hartley &other Gentlemen I walked through theprincipal Streets ofthe Town and drank Tea at Col.Hartleys.The Ct Ho wasilluminated."—Washington'sDiary. "SUNDAY,JULY 3. "At Lancaster,Pennsylvania:July 3.—Received and answeredan address from the Inhabitants of Yorktown—&there being no Episcopal Minister present in the place,I went to hearmorning Service performed in the Dutch reformed church' — which,being in that language,not a word of which I understix)d I was in no dan- gerofbecoming a proselyte to itsreligionby the eloquence ofthe Preacher. "After Service,accompanied by Colo Hartley &halfadozen other Gentlemen, I set offfor Lancaster—Dined at Wrights Ferry [Columbia]where I was met by Genl [Edward]Hand &many ofthe principal characters of Lancaster &escorted to thetown by them,arriviug at 6 o'clock. "The country from YorktoLancaster is very fine,thick settled,and well culti- vated—about the ferry they are extremely rich—the River Susquehanna at this place is more than a milewide and some pretty views on the biuk of it."—Wash- ington'sDiary. From Pennsylvania Herald and York GeneralAdveriiser,July 6,lygf. "Saturday last the Presidentof the United Statesarrived here from Mount Ver- non,on his way to Philadelphia.Hisarrival which was about 2o'clock,was an- nounced by the ringing of bells.The Independent Light Infantry Company, commanded by Captain Hay,paraded,and being drawn up beforehis Excellency's lodging,fired fifteen rounds.At night there wereilluminations,and every other demonstration of Joy.The next morning his Excellency waswaited upon by the Chief Burgess,and the principal inhabitants,and the followingaddress was pre- sented to him,after which he attended services at the Episcopal Church [error] and then proceeded on his journey.He was accompaniedasfar as Wright's Ferry bya numberofthe principal inhabitants," >Note}5%. 472 WASHINGTON'S VISIT TO YORK. Address to,and Reply of,President Washington at York. "To THE President of the United States. Sir:Withsentiments ofthe most perfect esteem andattachmentthe citizensof the borough of York beg leave to present to you their sincere congratulationson your safe arrival here after an extensive tour through the country,which owesso much to your brave and prudent exertions in war,andtoyourwise and just ad- ministration in peace. "We cordially join in the general satisfaction and joy which allthe citizensof America feel in seeing you.and in those universal sentiments ofregard to your person and veneration for your character,which dictate the addresses thatin vari- ous expressions havebeen offered to you.Wejoin in the general satisfaction that every friend ofhumaa happiness must feel onfinding thatthe paople of theUnited Statesdonowshow a great and convincing proofto all the world that freedomand good government are perfectly compatible.And that a first Magistrate,unani- mously chosen by the people,may at once possess their utmostveneration and most hearty regard. "We wish you a safereturn to the seat of government,and do sincerely unite with the millions of America in praying that the SupremeGovernor ofthe Uni- verse may longcontinuea life which he hassoeminently distinguished,inpreserv- ing and securing the best rights and happiness of the citizens ofthis greatly favouredcountry." The President's Reply. "To THE Citizens of the Borough of York: "Gentlemen:I received yourcongrafulatiouswith pleasure,and I reply toyour flattering and affectionate expressions ofesteem with sincere and grateful regard. "The satisfaction which you derive from the congeniality offreedom with good government,which is clearly evinced in the happiness of our highly favoured country,at once rewards the patriotism that achieved herliberty,and givesan assuranceof its duration. "That your individual prosperity may long continue among theproofs which attest the natiocal welfare ismy earnest wish. "GEORGE WASHINGTON." From Claypoole's Daily Adve7-iiscr,July12,1791. "Lancaster,July 3.—This evening at 6 o'clock,arrived here onhis return from his Southern Tour,his Excellency the PresidentoftheUnited States,accompanied by MajorJackson.He was escorted from Wright's Ferry by a respectable number ofthe inhabitants ofthis borough.' ' "MONDAY,JULY 4. "AtLancaster:July 4.—Thisbeing theAnniversary ofAmerican Independence and being kindly requested to do it,I agreed to halt here this day and partakeof the entertainment which was preparing for the celebration ofit.—In the forenoon I walked about the town—Athalf pasta o'clock I received,and answered an ad- dress from the Corporation and the Complimts ofthe Clergy of aitTerentdenomin- ations—dined between 3 &4 o'clock—drank Tea with Mrs.Hand." — Washing- ion's Diary. COURT HOUSE SQUARE,YORK,1820. ore.2 MoGrath's Inn.3 Late Baltzer Spangler's Bl< Washington Quartered.4 Wm.Nes'Store.5 ^ 6 Old Court House,wnere the Continental Congress CENTRE SQUARE,YORK,1896. WASHINGTON'S VISIT TO YORK.473 From ClaypooWs Daily Advertiser. "On Monday,July 4,being the Anniversary of American Independence,the Corporation (ofLancaster),at the particularrequest of the inhabitants,waitedon him (the President)with an address:At three o'clock ths President,and avery large number of citizens,set down to an elegant entertainment,provided for the occasion,in the CourtHouse." President George Washington's Funeral Obsequies in York,1800. From the York Recorder,January ig,iSoo. "At a meetingof several inhabitantsof this borough on Wednesdaylast,itwas unanimously agreed 'that tlie Burgesses of thisplace be requested to call a general meeting ofthe Citizens on Saturday the first of February next,for the purpose of appointing a fit person to prepare and deliver an Eulogium on the characterof General GEORGE WASHINGTON,as recommendedby the proclamation of the President ofthe United States.' "Agreeably to the above request,we,the Burgessesof this Borough,do hereby give Notice,that there will be a general meeting holden on Saturday the first of February next,at the Court House,at 2 o'clock P.M,,in orderto make the above appointment,and such other arrangements as may be thought necessary;towhich Meeting all the Citizens ofthis Boroughare invited.JOHN EDIE, ''January 2S,1800.JACOB GARTNER.' ' "On Saturday,the 22nd ofFebruary last,agreeably to the proclamation of the President of the United States,about 1500 inhabitants of thisboroughassembled in the new German [Reformed]Church,wheretwo discourses were delivered,the firstin English,by the Rev.Robert Cathcart,and the other in German,by the Rev.Jacob Goering,who had been previously appointed for thatpurpose.As a committee fromthe different congregations are appointed to wait on the two gen- tlemen abovenamed,in order to request a publicatiou of their Discourses,we ex- pect to be soon able tolay them before the public." The services were evidently impressive.The choirs of the Ger- man IvUtheran and German Reformed churches united for the oc- casion.The members of the first were:L,udwig Miller,Sr.,John Barnitz,George Snyder,Christopher Stoehr,Daniel Launian,Lewis Shive,William Fornshild,George Barnitz,StefFe Horn,George Miller,Michael Eurich,and the Misses Herman,L,aub,Stcehr, Cramer and Hay ;Organists,John Morris,Charles F.Fisher. The members of the German Reformed church were :John Doll,Jacob Doll,Martin Frey,George Small,Peter Small,Henry Small,Benjamin Beitzel,Joseph Small,John Pickel,Joseph Welshans,Jacob Spangler and Mr.Hardwig;the Misses Rumniel, Danner,Frey and Spangler. Lewis Miller in one of his illustrated books gives a picture of 474 WASHINGTON'S VISIT TO YORK. the funeral pageant of General Washington,and the personnel of the procession.The mourners had black-crepe streaming from their hats.The Marshalls were :Charles Hartley,Col.C.Miller. The Clergy :Revs.Goering,Wagner,Mollter,Cathcart,Campbell and Marks.The Pall-Bearers:Frederick Laumaster,Christopher Stoehr,L,ewis Shive,Peter Streber,Jacob Cramer,Joseph KrafFt, Michael Edwards and Conrad Welshans.Among thedistinguished mourners were.Major John Clark,Col.James Smith,lyt.Col.John Hay,Sr.,Wm.Rosseter and attorney Ralph Bowie. The Brass Band of Music consisted of John Barnitz,George Barnitz,Steffe Horn,Jacob Doll,Mr.Hardwig,Daniel Lauman, Charles Barnitz,Wm.Lenhart,John Breneisen,George Hay,Mr. Dahlman,Charles F.Fisher,John Morris and John Fisher. NOTE 39. (page i52.) The Battle of North Point,1814, In Which Captain Michael H.Spangler's Company Was Engaged. THE defense of Baltimore was one of the most spirited of many gallant actions of our sea-board and frontier dur- ing the late war;and it occurred more opportunely as it followed as closely upon the defeat at Bladensburg, which,though inevitable from the superior members of the enemy, was still accompanied with the mortification inseparable from such disaster. After the embarkation of the troops under General Ross,(who had bought his victory at Bladensburg with the loss of nearly a thousand men)Admiral Cochram concentrated his fleet,and made preparations for the attack on Baltimore.The whole squadron, amounting to forty vessels,sailed soon after for the Patapsco,and arriving near North Point,twelve miles from the city,the ships of the line anchored across the chanuel,and commenced the debarkation of troops.By the morning of the i2th of September about 8000 soldiers,sailors,and marines,were in readiness to march upon the town,and sixteen bomb-vessels and frigates pro- ceeded up the river,and anchored within two miles and a half of Fort McHenry. The garrison,which was mainly relied on for the protection of the city,was defended by about 5000 men,and a detachment of about 3000 was sent on by the North Point road to annoy or en- gage the enemy at his approach.Intelligence soon came in that a light corps was advancing,and two companies of infantry with a few riflemen,and ten artillerists with a single four-pounder pro- ceeded half a mile,and met and engaged the main body.The situation of the ground would not admit of the co-operation of the 476 BATTLE OF NORTH POINT. artillery and cavalry;and the infantry and riflemen sustained the whole action with great gallantry.The advance of the enemy was checked,and Major-General Ross and several other British officers killed.The detachment now fell back upon the main line of the American force,and after some skirmishing with rockets and artillery at a distance,the whole force ofthe enemy pushed forward,and attacked the two regiments on the left with great impetuosity.These being thrown into confusion,a general fire was opened upon the British line,and a vigorous action fol- lowed,which lasted till four o'clock.At that hour the American force amounted to but about 1,400,and the British to about 7000. General Striker fell back upon the reserve regiment,and was joined by some other companies,who took position with him within half a mile of the intrenchments.Early the following morning the Admiral made signals to the British officers in com- mand on shore,that the frigates,bomb-ships,and flotilla of barges, would take their stations to bombard the town and fort in the course of the morning.The land forces accordingly moved for- ward and took up a position two miles eastward of the intrench- ments.The day was chiefly passed in manosuvering;but Colonel Brooke after a vain attempt to make adetour through the country, concentrated the English forces directly in front of the American line,drove into the out-posts,and made preparations for an atiack in the night.The night was stormy;and in the morning it was discovered that the enemy had abandoned his position.The troops were re-embarked and a bombardment commenced,which lasted till the following morning,during which a fleet of barges attempted to storm Fort Covington,but were repulsed with great loss,with the failure of this attempt the undertaking was aban- doned altogether,and the fleet stood down the river. The Death of General Ross.The York Troops Vindi- cated. York Recorder,May 24,1825. "The Democratic Press lately said that the weight ofevidence as to the person who killed Gen.Rosson his advance upon Baltimore is believed to bein favorofa boy who had marched with a rifle corps from York,Pennsylvania,and whowas killed in the same battle.On this the Baltimore morning Chronicle remarks, 'there were no troops engaged in the skirmish in which Ross fell,and there was BATTLE OF NORTH POINT.477 no boyofthe description alluded to,either engaged or killed in that affair.'Col. Pechin is,we believe,correct in each of the particulars thus stated by him.But we fear that this paragraph may leave on the mindsof readers unacquainted with the precisecourse ofeventson theoccasion referred to,the impression that none but Baltimore troops were opposed to the British at the Battleof North Point.It is not generally known or remembered that aslight skirmish preceded that en- gagement or at leastthe two 'affairs'are commonly confounded.The remark of the Chronicle that the Baltimoreans merely furnished an imperfect essay to the enemy of what they might have achieved in a further contest is not calculated to remove the prevailing impression,butrather to countenance the notion that there was but one engagement.Unless,therefore,it be distinctly borne in mind that Gen.Ross was killed in a skirmish,shortly before the main battle commenced, the declaration ofthe Chronicle will have a tendency to deprive the 'citizen sol- diers'of our town of the wordof praisewhichistheir due for theirparticipation on the latter occasion.This,while we do not doubt it was far from being the Editor's design,we feel it our duty to endeavor to prevent,—the facts are,there was no rifle corps from Yorkat Baltimore at thattime nor until a few weeks after; nor were anytroops from York concerned inthe skirmish in which Ross fell.But the 'York Volunteers,'a light infantry were attached tothe 'FifthRegiment'were present at the battle whic'n ensued and distinguished themselves highly.They were among the last troops that left the field.Several of t'ue members were wounded,one severely;andtwo orthree were taken by the enemy and taken to Halifax.When the party was to be detached 'to capture the British of&cers who were said to be dining at Gossages'the company from York werethe first to vol- unteer their services,and had they notbeen ordered back byCol.Heath,thehonor of killing Gen.Ross might have been gained by some 'boy from York 'for there were some 'boys'in the company who would have dared to essay it.' ' NOTE 40. (PAGK 162.) Col.Michael H.Spangler and His Company of York Troops at the Battle of North Point,Baltimore. From Glossbrenncy's History. "In 1814,whenthe city of Baltimore was endangered by the approach of the British,York countywas prompt incoming forward to the aid ofthe Ballimoreans. Anumber of companies in various parts of the county were immediately ready to march to the city,prepared to confront the proudinvader,and,ifnecessary,to laydown their livesin the effort to check his progress. "Although,of the companiesraised here forthe purpose of defendingBaltimore, but one reached the city in time to share the dangerand glory ofan actual en- gagement with the enemy—yet,the fact that they marched to thepoint of inva- sion as early as circumstances permitted,will shieldall of them who did not ar- rive in time,from any imputation ofindifference to the fate ofBaltimore.When they did leave their homes,they left them in the full expectation thatthey were to meet an enemy flushed and insolent withsuccess,and surpassing them in mili tary discipline.It was no faultoftheirs that,when they arrived at Baltimore,an attack had alreadybeen made—itwas no fault oftheirsthat they had not assisted in thegallant defense of the city andthe repulse ofthe invader. "The 'York Volunteers,'who did arrive in time,were nearly one hundred strong,were composed principallyof3'oung men,'the flower of the county,'and were commanded by Captain (afterwards Colonel)Michael H.Spangler,of the boroughofYork. "This gallant company marched from Yorkonthe 29thofAugust,1814,with- out any provisions otherthan that contributed by the citizensofthe borough.Im- mediately upon their arrival at the city,they tenderedtheir services to the gene- ral in command,and in consequence of their respectable appearance and disci- pline,were solicited to attach themselves to the fifth regiment,a fine body of Baltimore troops,under the command of Col.Sterett.They were marched with their regiment to oppose the enemy at North Point,and until overpowered by numbers,foughtwith the braveryofveterans. "Notwithstanding the formidable host opposed to them,they resolutely main- tained their ground,until a retreat,thrice ordered,became absolutely necessary to prevent their being surrounded and cut off.Two of their number were taken prisoners and several wounded—one very severely.After the battle,and until the enemj'retired,their duty was of the most severe and arduous kind,and they acquitted themselves in a manner fully satisfactory to their commanders,and highly honorable to themselves. i YORK TROOPS AT BATTI.E OF NORTH POINT.479 "In testimony of the gallant bearingofthe 'Volunteers'at Baltimore,we sub- join the discharge of Gen.Smith,a private letterofMaj.Heath,and an extract from the regimental orders ofthe brave Col.Sterett,ofSeptember 20,1814." Headquarters,Baltimore,September 20,1814. "Captain Spangler and his company of volunteers from York,Pa.,having honorablj'performed the tour of duty for which they had offered their services, are hereby permitted to return to their homes.In takingleave ofthis gallant corps,the Major General commanding hasgreatpleasure in bearing testimony of the undaunted couragethey displayed in the affair of the 12th inst.,and in tender- ing them his thanks for the essential aid they contributed towardsthe defenseof this city.S.SMITH,Maj.Gen.Commanding." "Baltimore,September 20,1814. "To Captain Spangler, DearSir:—Hearing that you are about to depart from our city with yourbrave corps,I cannot do justice to my own feelingswithout expressingthe obligations I am under to you and them for the promptness with which youuniformlyexe- cuted ray orders,yourreadinessat all times toperform your duty,andthe cool and manly conduct manifested by the officers and men under yourcommand during the action with the enemy on the I2th inst.May you all return in health to the bosoms of your families,and longenjoy happiness uninterrupted. "I am sir,with sentiments of sincere respect,your friend and humble servant, R.K.HEATH,1st major,5th reg't." REGIMENTAL ORDERS—FIFTHREGIMENT. "Baltimore,Sept.20,1814. "Captain Spangler's company of York Volunteers having permission to return to their respective homes,the Lieutenant Colonel cannot permit them todepart without thanking them for theirsoldier-like and orderly conduct.The few daj's they were attached to the 5th regiment,wasa momentous period oftrial—they not only had to face the dangers of battle but to bear the inclemencies of weatherand suffer all the inconvenienciesoffatigue,watching,and hunger,towhich a soldier is liable in the hourof alarm—these were met ami borneby them withamanly fortitude,which does them honorand entitles them to the gratitude ofBaltimore, and particularly to the friendship and esteem of the officers andmen of the 5th regiment,which are thus publicly and cheerfully accorded tothem." "The followingisa list ofthe officers and men composing thecompany of 'York Volunteers,'whenthat company marched from York on the Invasion of Baltimore August 29,1814: Michael H.Spangler,Captain,Jacob Barnitz,First Lieutenant. JohnM'Curdy,Second Lieutenant,George F.Doll,Ensign. MUSICIANS. John A.Leitner,Daniel Small,G.P.Kurtz. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. John Hay,Mam King,Joseph Schall,David Wilson, Charles Kurtz,Michael Hahn,John Kimtz,Daniel Updegraff. 480 YORK TROOPS AT BATTLE OF NORTH POINT. Peter Lanius, Henry Sleeger, James Gibson, G.W.Spangler, Hugh Ingram, John Brickel, Thomas Miller, Jacob Lehman, JacobWieseuthal, JacobFre}-, GeorgeDunn, John M'Clean, GeorgeHolter, GeorgeReisinger, Michael Miller, John Devine, John McAnulty, John Sinn, Anthony T.Burns, Andrew KaufFman, Jacob Gartner, Peter O'Conner, Charles Stroniau, Enoch Thompson, Henry Wolf, David Hoffart, Richard Coody, James Dugan, PRIVATES. Charles Stuck, Hugh Stewart, Jacob Lottman, Jacob Sheffer, Peter Siers, Jacob Reisinger, William Burns, Jacob Glessner, Emanuel Raab, Jacob Rupp, Grafton Duvall, Samuel Hays, George Beard, George Brickel, Christian Eshback, Joseph Kerr, John Taylor, John Byron, Daniel Coyle, Jacob Herbst, Peter Grimes, Hugh M'Cosker, Abraham Keller, Henry Muudorff, G.M.Leitner, Walter Bull, William Nes, Daniel Heckert, James S.Connellee, David Trimble, J.W.Altemus, ThomasThompson, Chester Smith, E.W.Murphy, Robert Pierson, Dan'l Baumgardner, Frederick Witz, Frederick Kercher, Jacob Noell, George Ilgenfritz, George Laub, Joseph Woodyear, Joseph M'Conniken, John Fisher, John Giesy, JacobLevan, Jacob Stoehr, Peter Cooker, Hugh M'AIear,Sen., Hugh M'AIear,Jun., David KaufFnian, William Warson, Dennis Kearney, Aaron Holt." NOTE 41. (PAGE l68. ) The York County Militia from 1756 to r86i. (Revolutionary Period Excluded. ) The Braddock and Indian Campaigns.Frontier Defence. Whiskey Insurrection.The War of 1812-14. Mexican War.The Encampments,&c. AMONG the officers who accompanied Gen.Braddock in his unfortunate expedition in 1755,was James Ewingi afterwards General,'then a citizen of York county. Benjamin Franklin hired horses and wagons in York county for the "services of his Majesty's forces,"and among the teamsters in the expedition was Yost Herbach.^ After the defeat of General Braddock,the Indians fell upon the Province and abducted and murdered families in York county.' Captains Hans Hamilton and David Jameson with their York county companies marched against the savages,and in the san- guinary battle at McCord's Fort a large number were killed and wounded. The following important papers,discovered among the Court House records,York,have never been published: April Sessions,1758.County Guards Appointed. "YORK county SS : "At a meeting of theSubscribershis Majesties Justices &Commissioners&As- sessors of York County at York April 28:1758. "Upon the Petition of sundrie of the Inhabitants ofthe FrontierTownships of this County setting forth the Murders,Ravages &Captivity thathave lately been committed on some of the late Inhabitants ofthe said Townships and that many oftheirNeighbours have removed from their respective Habitations to theInterior •Note 34.2Note 8.3Notes9,10,11. 482 YORK COUNTY MIUTIA FROM 1756 TO 1861 Parts of the County;That the Petitioners &their Neighbours have kept Guards on the Frontiers ever since the said Murdershavebeen committed,andpraying some Assistance from the Interior Parts of theCounty &c was read after mature consideration tisagreed as follows; "That forty five Men be immediately rais'd maintain'd and paid at the Expense of this County to be divided intothreeCompaniesconsistingoffifteen Men each one of which to have the command ofthe otherfourteen which said Men are to DEFKAT 01 •1 N .1.I patrol along the frontiersof this County for the Defence and Protection ofthe In- habitants thereof. "That the Commissioners out of the publick Money now in the Hands of the Treasurer of this County or in the Hands of the Collectorsofthe several Districts thereof do buy Ammunition necessary for the Purposes afs'd anddoprovide (in the most frugal Manner they can)Provisions for thesaid fortyfive Menand do pay themafterthe Rates following viz the Officer commanding each Company the sum offive Pounds and each Private Manthe sum offorty Shills.per month. "That Patrick Watson Esqr.the Rev'd Mr Bay McMurdy,Robert McPherson, Thomson J.Barton,Richard Brown Esqr.William Dunlap andJohn Pope Esqr. inspect intotheConductofthe Men. YORK COUNTY MIUTIA FROM 1756 TO 1861 483 "That Alexander Love,Archibald McGrew &Thomas McConey be the three Officers. Thos.McCartney, Matthew Dill, Thos.Miushall, Richd Brown, Geo.Stevenson, Michael Banner, Robt McPherson, John Frankeberger, P.W.Wattson, Henry Updegraef, Thos.Armor, John Adlum, May Sessions,1758. Martin Eyckelberger, William Dunlap, John Wright, Jno.Pope, HughWhiteford. "At a meeting ofthe Subscribers at York the I2tli da}'of May 1758. "Archibald McGrew one ofthe Personsappointed tocommand fourteen Men in the Pay ofthisCounty for the Defence ofthe Inhabitantsthereof having accepted a Commission in the Service ofthis Province cannotattend that Dutynor discharge the Trust repos'd in him by the Courty.It is therefore considered by the Sub- scribers herepresent and John McConaughy is hereby appointed in his Room. "And whereas it is reported to usthat Alexander Love one of the Officers in the .Service of this County Principally attend to the Defence of the Inhabitants of Carrol's tract,a Tract of Land held underthe Province of Maryland the Inhabi- tants whereof have not for Seven Years pastpaid any Tax to thesupport ofthis County or of the Forces employed for the Defence ofthis Province and that con- trary to the Remonstrances of Patrick Watson E.'^qr.the Rev'd Mr..Andrew Bay Mr.Robert M.Murdy,Mr.Samuel Thompson Mr.Thomas BartonRobert McPher- son,Richard Brown Esqr.William Dunlap &John Pope Esqr.or some of them who were formerly appointed to inspect intothe Conductof the Men in the Pay of this County,and that it is said by some that the .Appointment ofthese Gentle- men means no more than a Compliment.Itistherefore declared bythese Presents, Thatthe Intention ofthis County is not todefendtheirNeighboursofthe Province of Maryland but the Inhabitants of the County ofY'ork and that the Gentlemen above mentioned are hereby requested to inspect intothe Conduct ofthe Men in the Pay of this County for the Defence thereof and that the Officers and Men are to take their Orders from them or some ofthem from Time to Time undertheir Hands,as they will answer the Contrary'on painofbeingDischarged the Service Witness our handsthe day and Y'ear first above written. Tho.Barton, John Adlum, Dav'd McConaughy, Thos.Hamilton, George Stevenson, Robt McPherson MartinEyckelberger John Frankeberger, David Hunter, Comrs Peter Shugart, John Wright, Thos.Armor, Victor King. July Sessions,1758. "y^ork county ss : "At a meeting ofthe Subscribershis Majesties Justicesofthe Peace &c theCom- missioners &Assessors of York County at York the 28th dayof July 1758. "Whereas at a former meeting the 28th day ofApril last forty five Men were order'd to be rais'd maintained and paidat the Expense of this Countyto Patrol our Frontiers for the Defence and Protection of the Inhabitants of this County from the Depredationsof our Enemies,which has accordingly been done AND WHEREAS his Excellency General Forbes is now on the Western Frontiers of 484 YORK COUNTY MIUTIA FROM 1756 TO 1861. this Province with an Army for the Defencethereofwhich we hope (by the Bless- ingofGod)will fully answer the Ends propos'd byus in raising the afsd forty five Men,AND WHEREAS the Inhabitants of this County have now gathered in their Harvest Therefore our Men are notwanted for the Protection of the Reapers on the Frontier.Forthese Reasonswe do think it necessary to dischargethe said forty five Men from any further Service WITNESS our Hands &c. Geo Stevenson,John Frankeberger,Thos.Armor, Martin Eyckelberger,James Welch,Jno.Pope, Thos.McCartney,Patt.Wattson,H.Whiteford, WilliamDunlap,.Nath'l Morgan,Richard Brown." The first "associated companies ofmilitia "of York county were formed as early as 1756,consisting of eight companies,and were commanded by Captains Andrew Findlay,Wm.Gibson,Isaac Saddler,Samuel Gordon,James Agnew,Francis Holton,David Hunter and Hugh Dunwoody.In the expedition under General Forbes,against Fort Duquesne,1758,York county furnished three companies of foot-soldiers,commanded by Captains,Robert Mc- Pherson,Thomas Hamilton,and David Hunter;Lieutenants, Andrew Findlry,James Ewing,(afterwards Brigadier General in the Revolution)Alexander McKean and Victor King;Ensigns, Wm.Haddin,Peter Mim,James Armstrong and Wm.McDowell. The militia of York county organized for the Revolution,'tem- porarily disbanded after their creditable participation in that mo- mentous and protracted struggle.^ In the Whiskey Insurrection of 1791,in the western part of this State,President Washington called for 5,200 militia from Penn- sylvania;and in response,York county furnished on this occasion a regiment of well appointed militia under the command of Colo- nel Daniel May.Among other officers were Captains Andrew Johnson and James Cross,Lieutenants Charles Barnitz and En- sign John Greer. In the frontier defence against the encroachmentsof the Indians and their English allies on our western territories in 1794,the first brigade,composed of soldiers from the counties of Lancaster and York,1578 men,was commanded by Gen.Henry Miller of York.'Lieut.Col.Daniel May commanded a York county regi- ment.The Indians were routed and dispersed by Gen.Anthony Wayne,who returned east through York,where he was given an ovation.* YORK COUNTY MIUTIA FROM 1756 TO 1861.485 In the disastrous campaign of Gen.St Clair in 1791,against the Indians in Ohio,Major Gen.Butler was wounded,tomahawked and scalped. In 1798,the infantry companies of the Borough of York were commanded by Captains Philip Gosler and John Edie,and the York Volunteer Corps of Cavalry by Captain Wm.McClellan,'ist lyieut.,John Fisher,Jr.;and Lieut.,David Harris;David Cassat, Ensign.Of Capt.Philip Gosler's company,Daniel Lauman was Ivieutenant and John Hay,Jr.,Ensign. On April 28,1800,Col.Thomas Hartley-was commissioned by Gov.McKean,Major-General ofthe Fifth Division,Pennsylvania Militia. In that year the of3&cers of the 113th regiment were:Lieut.Col.. John Edie;Major,Conrad Laub;Captains,Brenneisen,Hay,Bar- nitz,Philip Gosler(York LightInfantry,John Fisher ist Lt.),Wm. Ross,Liebhart,Welshans,Wampler (York Republican Company of Infantry),Shenberger,Shetter,George Spangler,Anstine,Jas. Cross.John Fisher was captain of the Cavalry Troop.In 1801, the regimental officers were:Lieut.Col.,George Spangler;Con- rad Laub,Major;George Hay,Adjutant;John Hahn,Quarter- master;John Grier,Paymaster;Maxwell McDowell,Surgeon; Lewis Shive,Sergeant-Major;Solomon Myer,Brigade Inspector. William Ross was captain ofthe York Light Infantry. In 1802,the York county regiments were,by virtue of an Act of Assembly,commanded:40th Regiment,Lieut.Col.Black;41st, Lieut.Col.Kelley;6ist,Lieut.Col.Reisinger;iiith,Lieut.Col. Hendricks;113th,Lieut.Col.George Spangler;124th,Lieut. Col.Ginckel. In 1806,George Faysinger commanded a Dover company. In 1809,the York companies were commanded by Captains Samuel Bacon,William Armstrong,John Armstrong and Henry Miller. In 1810,Col.George Hay commanded the 113th Regiment. The Court of Appeals of the First Battalion of the Regiment con- sisted of Captain Michael H.Spangler,Lieutenants Wampler and Morris;second Battalion,Captains Tyson and Herbach and Lieu- tenant Gardner. 'Ante p.167.-Note 33. 486 YORK COUNTY MILITIA FROM 1756 TO 1861. In 181 1,William Gilleland was Major-General of the Fifth Division. The 113th Regiment was then composed of companies from York county,commanded by Lieut.Col.George Hay,son of Lieut.John Hay,of the Revolution.The Court of Appeals con- sisted of Capt.Michael H.Spangler,Lieuts.Morris and Wampler, of the First Battalion,and Captains Teyson,Rees and Gardner,of the Second Battalion. In the war of 1812-14,5000 Pennsylvania militia rendezvoused at York.Christian Hetrick was then a Brigadier General and Archibald S.Jordon,Brigade Inspector.The only company from Pennsylvania,the "York Volunteers,"that arrived in time to par- ticipate in the battle of North Point'was commanded b)'Michael H.Spangler,Captain;Jacob Barnitz,Jr.,ist Lieut.;John McCurdy 2nd Lieut.;George F.Doll,Ensign.- In 1813,the 113th Regiment was commanded by Col.George Hay and Major John Brenneisser.The Captains were:W.Reese, Koch,Lehr,Minnich,Boureu,and Wampler. In 1814,a detachment of militia vv'as under the command of Major Shank.The Captains were:William Reese,Jonathan May,James McConkey,James Kerr,William Allison and Abra- ham Miller. In 1815,the Captains ofthe 94th Regiment were:Zorger,Hake, Hough,Gardner and Tempest Wilson. In 1816,the regimental officers of the First Brigade,Fifth Di- vision,were Colonels,Robert Colvin,Michael H.Spangler and Henry Stover;Majors,Caldwell and Shank;A.S.Jourdan,Bri- gade Inspector;Surgeon,Dr.William Mcllvain;Surgeon's Mate, Dr.Adam King.The York Light Infantry Company was com- manded by Capt.John McCurdy.The 94th Regiment officers were Col.Michael H.Spangler;Lieut.Col.Jacob Barnitz,Jr.; Major,Samuel Bacon;Dr.William Mcllvain,Surgeon.The offi- cers of two of the companies were:Capt.,Stephen Ogden;ist Lt., William Nes;2nd Lt.,Jacob Emmett;Capt.,John Hough;Lieut. Daniel Koch;Ensign,Matthew Kerr.In December,1816,the officers of the Eagle Guards of York were:Capt.,Samuel Bacon; 1st Lt,William Nes;2nd Lt.,J.Weissenel;Ensign,M.Keer. 'Note39.^Note40. YORK COUNTY MILITIA FROM 1756 TO 1861.487 In 1817,the Regimental ofEcers of the Fifth Division were: Col.Henry Stover,25th Regiment;Col.Robert Colvin,64th; Col.Thomas C.Miller,80th;Col.C.G.S.Sherman,89th;Col. F.Eichelberger,90th;Col.Michael H.Spangler,94th.In the last Regiment were :Samuel Nes,Quartermaster;Michael Hay, Paymaster;Henry Koontz,Fife Major;George Schlosser,Drum Major.The "Artillery Guards "were commanded by Capt. Michael Doudel. The first battalion of the 94th regiment was commanded by Major Emmit. 1st Company,Captain Wm.Nes'company of Washington Ar- tillerists;2nd Company,Captain Lehman;3rd Company,Captain Frey;4th Company,Captain Daniel Koch;5th Company,Capt. Thomas Plowman;6th Company,Captain Enos Small's Infantry. Second Battalion:ist Company,Captain Jacob Barnitz,Jr.; 2nd Company,Captain Baker;3rd Company,Captain Hens;4th Company,Captain McCreary;5th Company,Captain Free;6th Company,Captain Sampson Smith. In 1822,Col.Christopher Dosch commandedthe64th Regiment. A York company had officers:Capt.,Thomas Plowman;ist Lt., Thomas Kelley;2nd Lt.,George S.Morris. In 1823,th^"Pennsylvania Volunteers"were under the com- mand of Capt.Enos Small,ist Lt.John Kuntz,and Lt.W.S. Franklin.H.M.Campbell was Captain of the Washington Ar- tillerists,William Nes,Jr.,ist Lt.,Jacob Baylor,2nd Lt.;Michael H.Spangler was Colonel of the 94th. In 1824,the 64th Regiment,composed of two battalionsin east- ern and lower end of York county,was commanded by Col.Chris- topher Dosch ;the 94th of York and vicinity by Col.Michael H. Spangler;the 25tli,two battalions,of the western and northern .section of York county,by Col.Peter Reider.Gen.Michael Dou- del was Brigade Inspector. When Gen.Lafayette visited York in 1825,'the companies re- viewed by him were:The Washington Artillerists,Capt.William Nes,-and the Infantry companies commanded by Captains Enos Small,Jacob Barnitz,Jr.,George Frysinger,Dover;Charles Stuck, and Sampson Smith (son of Arthur),of Hopewell township. 488 YORK COUNTY MILITIA FROM 1756 TO 1861. In 1828,Michael Doudel was Brigadier General of the Fifth Division;Brigade Inspector,William Nes;Col.,Michael H. Spangler,and Lt.Col.,John S.Connellee of the 94th Regiment; Jacob Emmett,Major ist Bat.;Tempest Wilson,Major. The uniform of Captain Jacob Barnitz's "Citizen Volunteers" was a citizen's dress—high hat,blue swallow tail coat with flat brass buttons—white trousers in summer and blue in winter — white cross belts,cartridge box and bayonet.Captain Barnitz was the second son of Ensign Jacob Barnitz,Sr.,wounded and taken prisoner at Fort Washington,in 1776.He was Lieutenant of Capt.M.H.Spangler's company in the war of 1812-14.' In the funeral obsequies held in York in June,1834,upon the death of Gen.Lafayette,"on the Committee of Arrangements ap- pointed were:Captains Jacob Upp,Jr.,Alexander H.Barnitz, CHARGE AGAINST (Old print.; George Hay,Samuel E.Clement,Lieutenants Joseph Garretson and John Evans,Captains John Hay and Thomas C.Hambly, General Michael Doudel,Major Hantz,Captains John McCurdy and Thomas Kelly,and Colonel Michael H.Spangler. At the funeral of Colonel Michael H.Spangler,^September, 1834,the Washington Artillerists were commanded by Capt.Jacob Upp,Jr.;*the Pennsylvania Volunteers,Capt.John Evans;'National Grays,Capt.Alexander H.Barnitz;the York Rangers,Capt.Sam- uel E.Clement;*and the Citizen's Guards,Capt.Samuel Hay. 'Note6 39and40.^Note56.''Antep.162.'Antep.164.'Ante p.203.'Note6a. YORK^COUNTY MIWTIA FROM 1756 TO 1861.489 The survivors of Col.Spangler's "York Volunteers "were also in the funeral cortege.The Citizen's Guard was organized in 1829; Capt,Thomas Kelly;ist Lt.,Morris Gardner;2nd Lt.,Joseph Spangler. In March,1838,the "Washington Troop"was commanded by- Thomas C.Hambly,Capt.;Joseph Garretson,ist Lieut;George Wogan,2nd Lieut.;George Loucks,Cornet;D.G.Barnitz,J.M.S. In order to keep up a martial spirit and teach discipline,the Legislature,by the Act of July 11,1822,required the militia tobe trained and paraded in companies on the first Monday in May, and in battalions on the second Monday of May,called the muster and battalion days.It did not matter at the muster what arms were brought to the field,whether the broomstick,or the corn- stalk,or a combination of either,with small fire arms,or the gen- uine musket.This militia training was continued,to the delecta- tion of the exempt and of urchins,until it was abolished by law in 1842. During the year 1839,the York military paid a visit to Balti- more,which was returned by the Independent Blues of that city, on the 4th of July,in the same year.Baltimoreans considered themselves treated v/ith so much kindness,attention and hospi- tality by the citizens of York,that they were prompted to make some acknowledgment;and,on the 31st ofAugust,1839,the In- dependent Blues presented a splendid United States flag to the volunteer companies of York.That beautiful flag was in the pos- session of Gen.George Hay,and was frequently suspended in front of his residence on patriotic occasions.The material of the flag is of the finest silk;the head of the stafi"is a spear of massive silver,elegantly chased with two silver tassels.On the head is the following inscription : "Presented bythe Independent Blues to theYork volunteers,August,1839,asa markofesteem for the unbounded hospitalityextended tothem duringtheir visit, July 4,1S39." It was presented on the 31st of August in front of the White Hall Hotel in the presence of the military and a concourse of citi- zens by a committee of the "Blues"and accepted on behalf of the soldiers by Hon.Charles A.Barnitz.The companies of York at that time were the Washington Artillerists,Capt.Jacob Upp,Jr. 490 YORK COUNTY MIUTIA FROM 1756 TO 1861. The Washington Blues (organized September,1837),Capt.Alex- ander H.Barnitz,the York Rifles,Capt.Geo.Hay,'and a com- pany of horse,the Washington Troop,Capt.Joseph Garretson; the admirable bearing and drill of these companies were loudly applauded. An incident that may be noticed in 1841 was the removal of the remains of President Harrison,passing through York on the way to North Bend,under a large escort of military from Washington and Baltimore.The citizens of York manifested deep feeling on the occasion.The military and civic associations ofall kinds joined the passing escort.The entire pageant was one of the most solemn character,and was strongly impressed upon the minds of all who participated in it,on account of the occasion itself,as well as the apprehended momentous political results of the untimely decease of the new president,who held his office but one short month. On Tuesday,Wednesday and Thursday,August 23,24 and 25, 1841,there was an encampment of military on the York Common, at which there were seventeen companies present from different parts of the State."Maj.Hambright,of Lancaster,an experienced military commander,was commandant by invitation,and reviewed the troops,and also organized new companies.A Lancaster book ofbiography .says:"It was the finest military displayin the State." The election of officers of the militia took place on the first Monday of June every seven years.The election of 1842,held June 6th,resulted as follows :Brigadier-General,Albert C.Ram- say,First Brigade,Fifth Division,York and Adams counties; Ninety-fourth Regiment P.M.,Colonel,Daniel A.Stillinger;Lieut. Colonel,Andrew M.Spangler;Majors,John Eppley and Michael Gohn;Sixty-fourth Regiment,P.M.,Colonel,John M.Anderson; Lieutenant-Colonel,Edmund Connellee;Majors,Thomas S.Wil- liamson and Samuel Gilbert ;Twenty-fifth Regiment,P.M.,Col., Jacob S.Bear ;Lieutenant-Colonel,Joseph Hartman;Majors, Samuel Eisenhart and Daniel Miller.Chanceford Battalion,Ma- jor,George S.Murphy. On the 15th ofJuly,1844,there was a call for volunteers from York for the suppression of the gpreat native American riot in YORK COUNTY MILITIA FROM 1756 TO 1861.491 Philadelphia.The three companies of York already mentioned, the Washington Artillerists,Capt.Jacob Lehman;the Washington Blues,Capt.Alexander Hay;and York Pennsylvania Rifles,Capt. George Hay,together with companies from the county,in all 3,030 men,under the command of Gen.A.C.Ramsay,marched as far as Wrightsville,but returned the same day.Among the other York county companies were those of Captains Adam Bott, Wm.Worley,Ebaugh and Henry Latimer.The report of the Auditor General in 1845,gives the expense to the State by the Philadelphia riots at $45,252.72.The York county troops cost $7,267.50 and there was paid to the railroad company for transportation,$512.20. DEATH OF GENERAI.BUTLER.(Old print. ) This adventure,brief as it was,is remarkable for the expense it occasioned.Though our troops were not required to suppress the riot,there was bloodshed in Philadelphia before quiet was restored. The nine volunteers—Wm.Enrich (killed),Jacob Banner (died), Peter Ahl,Thomas A.Ziegle,Albertus Welsh,Wm.Patterson, Robert Patterson,Daniel Craver and Samuel Stair—from York in the Mexican War,were attached to Company C,of Philadelphia, Capt.Wm.A.Small,ist Pennsylvania Regiment.Four others — Edward Haviland,Weirich Pentz,David Hays and George John- son—were in other commands.Col.Albert C.Ramsay,a resident lawyer,commanded the Eleventh Regiment of the line.Theo- dore D.Cochran was a Captain of the Voltiguers.Of the regular 492 YORK COUNTY MILITIA FROM 1756 TO 1861. army officers in the war from York were Captain Granville O. Haller,lyieut.Wm.B.Franklin,(afterwards Major General), Lieut.Horatio G.Gibson,(afterwards Brigadier General);in the Navy were Lieutenants George P.Welsh,Wm.Gibson (afterwards Admiral),and Samuel R.Franklin,now Rear Admiral.Upon the return of the Volunteers,August i,1848,they were given a reception and among the military companies in the procession were the Washington Guards,Capt.Daniel Hotter and the Inde- pendent Blues,Capt.Stover. After the return of Thomas A.Zeigle from the Mexican War, he raised a military company,with three Lieutenants,John Ma- guire,Frank Weitzel and Charles W.Karg;Ensign,Wm.Reis- inger,called the Worth Infantry,which made its first appearance on the occasion of President Taylor's visit,August 10,1849,and was celebrated for its proficiency in drill. In 1850,George Hay was Brigadier Inspector of the First Bri- gade,4th Division,Pennsylvania Militia.Among other officers were Gen.Jacob S.Stable,and Col.A.H.Glatz.The York county Captains then in the Brigade were :A.W.Eichelberger, Hanover;Totten,Carroll Artillery,Dillsburg;McClellan,Wash- ington township;Lau,Franklintown;Kerryhart,Lewisbury Bor- ough;Eisenhart,Dover;Daniel Motter,Washington Artillerists; Thomas A.Zeigle,Worth Infantry,York;Campbell,Windsor; Wambaugh,Chanceford;Smith,Hopewell;Hoffman,Fawn.In the funeral pageant,in York,in August,1850,in honor ofthe memory of the lamented General Taylor,there was among the military a company of Dragoons from Hanover,under the com- mand of Lieut.Diller. In the grand military encampment on the Commons,York, September 3-8,i860,the York county companies in existence and at the camp were :Worth Infantry,Capt.Thomas A.Zeigle, and the York Rifles,Lieut.J.W.Schall,York;Washington Guards,Lewisberry,Capt.John CroU;the Marion Rifles,Hanover, Capt.H.Gates Myers;Hanover Infantry,Capt.F.M.Baughman, Capt.Geo.Hay,of the Rifles,was Assistant Adjutant General,and Daniel A.Stillinger,Brigade Inspector. The Worth Infantry and the York Rifles were the first>//v GEN.TAYLOR AT THE BATTLE OF RESACA DE LA PALMA. lOLD PRINT. I YORK COUNTY MILITIA FROM 1756 TO 1861.493 equipped troops to inarch to the defense of the Union in 1861,and were awarded medals ofhonor for being the "First Defenders." The history of the regiments from York county,who rallied around the flag in the great struggle of the Union,—1861-1865 — will be found in "Gibson's History of York County,""Bates' History of Pennsylvania Volunteers,"and amplified in issues of the York Daily of the year 1896. NOTE 42. (PAGE l68.) Old Time Conveyance of Mails and Passengers.'i "In the infancy ofourhistory,letters were carriedbytravelersor traders,orby messengers specially entrusted with them.The Colonial Governors began as early as 1683,to establish post-routes to the interiorsettlements,starting at Phila- delphia.There wasone to York as early as 1750,and postal affairs were managed by George Stevenson,the intelligent Court-clerkand surveyor.At first,and for many years,mailwas brought to our fore-fathers on pack horses. "Stage coaches without springs ran from Philadelphia to New York,beginning in 1756.Duringthe Revolution,York became an important post townon account of the meetings of Congress here,and lines ofstages then ran from Lancaster and Readingto York.In 1784 Frederick Sheaffer began torun a stage line from Phil- adelphia to Lancaster,which ayear or two laterwas extended to York.William McClelland and Samuel Spengler,in 1797,started a 'Lancaster,Baltimore and York stage line.'The trip one way was made in two days,and wasbegun on Monday,at the house of William Ferree,in Lancaster;fare for way passengers s'/i cents per mile.In May,1800,William Scott startedaline from Lancaster through York,Hanover,Gettysburg to Ilagerstown and Frederick,Md.The line from Baltimore to Harrisburg was a veryimportant route from 1796 to 183S,whenthe Baltimore and Susquehanna Railroad was completed to York.There were several competing lines over this route.Two rival lines ran between York and Harris- burgafter 183S.At one time,on account ofthe cuttingofrates,one of theowners ofthe line conveyed passengers from York toHarrisburg for50 cents,and furnish- ed a dinner in the bargain.Nearly all stage lines exchanged horses every ten or twelve miles.The York and Harrisburg line changed amile below Goldsboro. Stages of all lines did not forget to stop ashorttime at the wayside inn,'to re- fresh the inner man.'The line from Carlisle throughHanoverto Baltimore was an important route,and v/as opened in 1790,or thereabouts.Thearrival ofa stage coach ata town or tavern was heralded with greatjoy.The hardy driver of an influential line always 'felt his importance,'but he generally knew how to 'tip the decanter'as well as how to crack his whip to the trot of his noble steeds."- From the Pennsylvania Heraldand York GeneralAdvertiser,Vork,Januaryioth, 1790. TO THE PUBLIC. "As a regular conveyance ismuch wanted between this placeand Lancaster,the subscribers will,if encouraged,establish a stage,which shall run to Lancaster every week,so as toan-ive there on the return of that stage from Philadelphia,at the low price of 7s,6d,each passenger:—But as the fare of passengers will be by no means adequate to the expence,they hope the gentlemen of thisplace,ifthey 'Gibson'sHistoryofYorkCounty.^^ntep.174, THE STAGE COACH OF OLD. MARKET,CENTRE SQUARE,YORK,1843-1887. OLD TIME CONVEYANCES.496 think it ofgeneral utility,will patronizeitbysubscription:—Andas severalsimilar attempts have been made,without continuance,which may deter a numberof gentlemen from subscribing liberally,we pledge ourselves to the public,ifasub- scription equal to that forthe lastattemptofthe kind is made,we willcontinue it weekly,for one year,unless the riveror roads render it impossible.The con- venience of this conveyance to Members ofAssembly,Merchants andothers,who may have business to transact in Philadelphia,is evident.Letters to correspond- ents in Lancaster shall be carried free for those whosubscribe.Ifattention to render the conveyance to passengers agreeable,punctuality and care inexecuting business entrusted to us,will merit encouragement,the publicshall not be disap- pointed in theirvery Humble Servants,ANDREW JOHNSON, York Borough,January ig,1790.JOHN EDIE." From Pennsylvania Herald and York GeneralAdvertiser,Marchjist,lygo. MAIL FROM PHILADELPHIA TO PITTSBURG IN NINE DAYS. "Schedule of the arrival and departure of themail,at the several offices,from riiiladelphia to Pittsburg. "The mail to leave Philadelphia for Pittsburg every other Thuri>day,5 o'clock P.M. To arrive at Lancaster,Saturday 6 o'clock P.M. """York-Town,Monday,12 o'clock at noon. """Carlisle,Tuesday,10 o'clock A.M. """Shippensburg,Tuesdaj',7 o'clock P.M. ""Chanibersburg,Wednesday,10 o'clock A.M. ""Bedford,Thursday,12 o'clock at noon. ""Pittsburg,Saturday,5 o'clock P.M. "The mail is to leave Pittsburg for Philadelphia every other Monday,7 o'clock A.M. To arrive at Bedford,Wednesday,12 o'clock at noon. """Chamber-sburg,Thursday,6 o'clock P.M. """Shippensburg,Friday,10o'clock A.M. """Carlisle,Friday 12 o'clock at noon. """York-Town,Saturday,7 o'clock A.M. """Lancaster,Saturday,6 o'clock P.M. """Philadelphia,Wednesday,6o'clock P.M. Any errors that may be found in the above schedule,are to be subject to altera- tion,by the agreement ofthesubscribers.vSAMUEL OSGOOD, JOHABOD GRUMMAN.The aboveis a copy taken from the contract. Genekai,Post-Office,March 5,1790."CHARLES BUNELL. NOTE 43. (page i68.) York's First Courts. The Whipping Post. "The earliest courts were convened in private houses,and the first Court of Quarter Sessions held in the County ofYork washeld beforeJohnDay,Esq.,an English Quaker,and hisassociates,commencingon the 31st day of October,1749. At this Court George Swope,Patrick Watson andWalterSharp were qualified as County Commissioners.John Abbot,William Greer,John Blackburn,Baltzer Spengler,Michael Tanner and Samuel Crawford were qualified as township "The following named persons were recommended to the governor as proper persons to keep public houses of entertainment,at the same sessionsofCourt: Michael Swope,George Mendenhell,John Edwards,Michael Bardt,George Hoake,William Sinkler. "There were a number of taverns opened under the authority ofthe Lancaster County Court several yearsbefore. "The first case tried was the Kingvs.Miller &Smith,overseers ofthe public highways.An indictment waspreferred against themjointly for neglect ofduty. The defendantsweredischarged upon payment ofcosts. "The second case was that of the King vs.James King for assault.Thiscase was settled.The above two cases were the only ones for trial atthe sittingof Court. ''The second Court of Quarter SessionsofYork Countywasheldon January 30, 1750.Hance Hamilton was Sheriflf,and William McClellan,foreman of the GrandJurj'of nineteen. "At this Court the first case attached was DominusRex vs.John Morningstar. George Stevenson,Esq.,is recorded as prosecuting attorney for 'our Sovereign Lord,the King.'John Proby was indictedand plead guilty to sellingliquorby small measures without legal authority.He wassentenced to pay a fiueof ^5 in English currency,which George Stevenson,clerk ofthe Courts,receivedand was ordered to pay it over to the Secretary'ofthe Province.George Ross and David Trout were attorneysfor the defendent.In another case at this Court a defendent was found guilty by a juryoftwelve men,'offeloniously stealingone linen shirt and one pair of stockings,'and was sentenced 'toimmediately receiveon his bare back,at the public whipping post,fifteen lashes,and goto the County goal (jail) twelve days for the cost of the prosecution,being unable to pay them.'This case illustrates how our ancestors put into full force the Englishlaws.The whipping post was in commonuse jn England at this date.Itwas used quite frequentlyin this country duringits early history. FIGURE OF JUSTICE. Rear of the Judge's Bench i YORK'S FIRST COURTS.497 "The next Court convened on April 24,1750.Nineteen men formed the Grand Jury;William Peters,Esq.,was prosecutor forthe King.Severalcasesweretried. In July session,1750,two of the Grand Jurorswho weredrawn presented them- selves,but refused to be qualified according to the demands of theCourt,where- upon they were fined,and were then allowed to depart in peace to their homes. At this session John Lawrence,Esq.,wasprosecutor for the King.An incident occurred which created considerable confusion—an impetuous Scotch-Irishman lost his temper while testifying before the Court as a witness in a somewhat im- portant case,and used violent oaths,whereupon the Court sentenced him to pay a heavy fine,which the recordsshow was promptly paid. "Margaret Wilmoth plead guilty 'to feloniously takingasilk handkerchief, ' and was sentenced Dy the Court to receive immediatelyonherbare back fifteen lashes.By this sentence it shows that thewomen as well as themen,were sen- tenced to the unmerciful whipping post by our provincial justices.Itdoes not speak well for the gallantry ofthe Court in thosehistoric days,but illustrates that the modes of punishment,as well as the customs ofthose days,were imported. At the same sitting of the Court all the tavern keepers ofthe Coujty were re- quired to give bonds 'to not suffer any drunkenness,unlawful gaming,or any other disorder,or sell any intoxicating drink to the Indians to debauch orhurt them.'This being the year 1750,a few years beforethe French and Indian war, there was a considerable number of Indians within the County.Many ofthem had great inclination to partakeofardent spirits,or 'fire-water'as they were wont to call them.The provisions of the Court forbiddingthe sale ofsuch liquors to themby the whites,was wise and beneficial.In early colonial days,many homes were destroyed by the intoxicatedred-men.'" In June,1772,Thomas Ross was convicted at York of Highway Robbery,received the sentence of death,and was executed on the nth day of July,following.In February,1782,Henry Heiner was convicted at York of horse stealing,and was sentenced to pay a fine of;^20,stand in the pillory one hour,be publickly whipped and have both of his ears cut off and nailed to the pillory;the Philadelphia Council,on petition,remitted the corporal punish- ment part ofthe sentence. From Pennsylvania Herald and York General Advertiser,Y'ork,Feb.iSth,i7go. York,October 13,1790. "On IMonday the Circuit Court,for theUnited States,in and for the Districtof Pennsylvania,was opened in this town by the HonorableJames Wilson and the Honorable John Blair,Esquires,Proclamation being made by the Marshal ofthe district,the following gentlemen werethen admitted and qualified asAttorneys, viz.Thomas Hartley,James Smith,John Clark,and RalfBowie,Esquires.An excellent charge was delivered to the GrandJury,bythe HonorableJamesWilson. The business in this Court wassotrifling,that it wasadjournedthe same day." ^From JudgeGibson's addressattheYorkCentenary Memorial. NOTE 44. (page 173.) Ferdinand L Spangler's Museum. From the York Recorder ofNov.18,/8i8. MUSEUM. "Ferdinand L.Spangler,respectfully informstlie citizens ofYork andthe public generally,that the 'Museum'is nowopen for thereception of visitors. "F.L.Spangler cannot neglect thisopportunityofexpressing his gratification for the flattering manner the public sentiment has been demonstrated in favor of the institution he has commenced. "As this is an increasingMuseum,it will bea constant source of instruction as well as amusement,and may therefore meet with cheerful encouragement,which it needsby frequent visits ofthe citizens. "The proprietor would have the public to understand,that the moniesreceived at the door,will be invested in new articlesofcuriosity.Hehasgone to great expense and trouble in fittingup themuseum in genteel style;and ashe does not intend tomake it a pecuniary object,ittherefore becomesthe public,to encourage the advancement,and secure the permanency of so expensive and laborious an undertaking. "F.L.Spangler,will beproud ofthe distinctionwhich he seeks ofbeingause- ful citizen,if he can lay the foundation of an institution,devoted tothe improve- ment of public taste,and the diffusion of science,and he feels confident,that while hisexertions tend to the advancement ofthoseobjects,hewillhave nocause to complain. "The public will please observe,that the 'Museum'will close onthefirst of De- cember next.Persons desirous of seeing the curiosities of Nature andArt,had best avail themselves ofthe present opportunity,whilethe weather is pleasant and the walking is good,ofexamining the SPLENDID COLLECTION PAINTINGS,ENGRAVINGS PRINTS,ETCHINGS,&c.,&c. NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL CURIOSITIES, PETRIFACTIONS,RELICS OF ANTIQUITY, MARINE PRODUCTIONS, AND INDIAN CURIOSITIES. "To be seen at the 'Museum'in North BeaverStreet,a few doors from the cor- ner of Main and BeaverStreets. "The catalogue below contains the names ofa fewofthe Paintings,Engravings, Etchings,&c.,&c. FERDINAND L.SPANGLER'S MUSEUM.409 "A superb Painting,Mary Magdalin,after theoriginal picture by Correggio,in the Gallery of Florence.This copy by Sully,4 by 5 feet,very beautiful.With this truly much admireci picture the public will not be disappointed.It was painted by one of the first of the American Artists,Thomas Sully,Esq.,Philadel- phia,Napoleon Bonaparte crossing the Alps,a splendid picture by an Italian Artist of great celebrity.This copy from the original byDavid,now in thepos- session of Joseph Bonaparte.A beautiful Fancy Piece,The Two Sisters,by an American Artist.This piece has been much admired here.It fixesthe attention of the spectatorimmediately on enteringthe room.Portrait ofa French Actress, by an Italian.Portrait of a gentleman,by an American.Portrait ofa French Lady ofDistinction byan Italian. "Lady Packenham,wife ofGen.Packenham,who wasmortally wounded in the battle at New Orleans,by an American. "Madonna andinfant Savior;copy from Correggio,by an American. ENGRAVINGS. "Portrait of Gen.George Washington.Portrait of Gen.John Quincy Adams. Portrait of Gen.Lafayette.Portrait of Gen.Simon Bolivar.Portrait ofDe Witt Clinton.View of the Residence of Lord Byron.View of Fairmount Dam and Waterworks.View of Washington Crossing the Delaware with hisArmy.View ofthe Christ Church Cathedral,Oxford.View of the Interiorof the Royal Vault, vSt.George's Chapel,Windsor.View ofVincent's Rocks and Clifton ;anevening scene.Infant Napoleon,drawn and engraved byT.B.Longacre;from the Statue in the Pennsylvania Academy ofFine Arts.View of the Palace of Luxembourg. View ofthe UnitedStates Bank.View in the Alps.Christ Healing the Sick in the Temple ;paintedby Benjamin West;copy by F.Kearney,acquainted.Snipe Shooting.Training ofBeagles.Infant Saviour.Lithographs. "Together vrith many other splendidpicturesand Lithographic prints,executed bythe mosteminentArtists in this and other countries. BUSTS. "Bustof Gen.George Washington.Bust ofGen.Lafayette.Bust of Benjamin Franklin.Bust of Lord Byron.BustofHomerthe Great Poet.Bustof Alexan- derHamilton. STATUES. "Statue of Napoleon Bonaparte,taken after his confinement at St.Helena. Statue ofVenus de Jledici,from the statue in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.Statue ofa Horse,by an Italian ;together with other Statues representing "Doors open at 9 o'clock A.M.and close at5 P.M. ''Admission 25 cents:children halfprice:Season tickets to be had at the Mu- seum,Price 50 cents. "N.B.—Theseason lasts till the 1stofDecember."Nov.iS,1S2S." The "Museum"was not accorded the encouragement expected, and after a languishing existence,was closed for lack of public appreciation. NOTE 45. (PAGE 174- ) Early Railroads and Coaches. The First Efficient Coal Burning Locomotive in the United States,Built by Phineas Davis of York. The Old and the New.Modern Improve- ments,and Safety in Railway Travel. The Stage Coach Era. FROM 1756 to 1834 may be described as the Stage-Coach Era in the United States.In 1835 the building of rail- roads had so far progressed that the Postmaster General recommended that the mails be carried on the railroads then being constructed.In that year,however,the contract for carrying the mails between New York and Philadelphia was given to the stage coach line because the railroad protested that the schedule time required (thirteen miles an hour)was too fast. From the Pennsylvania Republican (York)0/1836. "THE PEOPLES'LINE OF CARS AND STAGES;FROIM PHILADELPHIA TO BALTIMORE,VIA COLUMBIA AND YORK. "Will leave Philadelphia every morning at 8 o'clock,lodgeinYork,and arrive in Baltimore early in the next afternoon.In return it will leave Baltimore at5 o'clock,dine at York andproceeddirectlyto Columliia,lodge there,and take the cars the next morning forPhiladelphia.There will be No Night Travellingby this line. "The proprietors of the above line have taken thebest measures to procure Coaches,first rate Horses and careful and accomodating Drivers,a:id assure the public that no pains shall be spared to promote the comfort and expedition ofpas- sengers. "Seats may be taken at the hotel ofThomas McGrath in York. GEORGE BELTZHOOVER,Baltimore, THOMAS McGRATII,York, JOHN GUY,Columbia, DAVIS,OSBORN &SCHOLFIELD,Philadelphia. York,Nov.2,1836." THE FZ30PLE'S ZiINS «^J^%->:r^ Of Cars and Stagres, From 7hiladephia to Baltiinore, Via Columbia and Yorkt 1836 PRIMITIVE COAL TP.AIN. EARI.Y RAILROADS AND COACHES.501 From the Pennsylvania Republican {York)ofJuly /j,1836. "PHILADELPHIA AND PITTSBURG PIONEER LINE. "For the Accomodation of Passengers only.Through in 3 days andahalfon Railroad Cars and Canal Packets from Philadelphia to Pittsburg.These Boats are an improvement of the best model now in use on the Erie Caual,furnished in superior style,will be drawu by three splendid horses,and they will run short stages.Their Captains are all experienced andaccomodating.The Carsare an improvement upon the most approved models.Fare through.|io.oo." The First Successful Coal Burning American Locomotive WAS Invented and Built by a Yorker in York. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company,on January 4,1831, offered $4000.00 for the best locomotive delivered for trial on or before June i,1831,and $3000.00 for the next best.In response, three were produced upon the railroad,only one which fully an- swered the purpose.This engine was the "York,"built in York by Davis and Gardner,was the product of Phineas Davis,and the first built in the United States,that burned coal,and was put in active use on a railroad.The "York"is kept as a relic by the company,and was one of the principal objects ofinterest in the railroad department at the Chicago Exposition. Phineas Davis. Phineas Davis was a native of New Hampshire,and early in life emigrated to York,where he arrived,poor,friendless and un- known and commenced the business of watchmaking.He pro- duced a specimen of his art,a miniature gold watch of rare work- manship and beautiful proportion,which was deemed remarkable and excited much attention at the time.Endowed with great in- ventive talents and industry,he turned his attention,first to chemistry,and next to the science of steam,and as a consequence to the constrtiction of steam engines,in which he took great de- light.The result was the construction of the "York"locomotive aforementioned,the first efficient engine used on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.His invaluable services were immediately demanded by this company,and upon his removal to Baltimore, he made still further important improvements in locomotives.It was while riding on the tender next to his latest improved engine 602 EARLY RAILROADS AND COACHES. that an accident occurred,through a casual defect in the railway to Washington,which,on September 27,1834,brought his use- ful life to a sudden termination. The Old and the New.Improvement.s in Locomotives and Cars,Railroad Mileage,Etc. The improvements in locomotives in weight and in steam are as marvelous as they are interesting.In 1831,the best engine in use was the "York,"aforesaid,on the Baltimore and Ohio Rail- road,and weighed about 7500 pounds.Now that road has many engines of over 100,000 pounds,and there are locomotives in use as heavy as 165,000 pounds. The cars in the United States have been improved as greatly and as steadily as the locomotives,and are now without any doubt the best in the world.When the railroad first came into being the cars had a kind of stage coach body,as we often see them so represented in old prints,and herein reproduced.When double trucks—that is two trucks of four wheels each—were introduced, the old coach bodies werejoined together.Such cars as these are in general use in Europe to-day,notwithstanding the manifest in- feriority and inconvenience.As early as 1834 the present kind of car was introduced in the United States,and subsequent develop- ments have been but put to improve this until the vestibule train of parlor cars has been achieved.The strength of a modern par- lor coach of the best sort is most enormous,and their weight,from 45,000 pounds to 60,000 pounds,drawing room cars from 60,000 to 80,000 pounds,and sleeping cars from 70,000 to 90,000 pounds, are the surest guaranty against railroad fatalities.The greatest factor in lessening accidents has been the introduction of air- brakes,by which the engine driver controls the whole train.In the old days he had to signal to the brakeman to put on brakes, now he puts them on and releases them to suit himself. For the year ending,July i,1894,one passenger was killed for every 1,985,153 passengers carried,and one injured for every 183,- 822 carried.A man's chances against injury are such that he would have to travel 4,406,659 miles before getting hurt,and go 47,588,966 miles before being killed.At the rate of thirty miles EARLY RAILROADS AND COACHES.503 an hour a man could travel,if nature permitted,on American rail- ways for one hundred and eighty-one years,without leaving the cars,before being killed,or with the same amount of securitj' against accident he could go aroinid the earth nineteen hundred and three times before meeting his death by accident,and one hundred and seventy-six times before getting hurt. We have now (1896)in the United States something over 181,- 000 miles of railroad.To equal Great Britaiij in its railway mile- age to square miles,we would have a total of 492,000 miles;to equal the abundant supply of Illinois we must have 552,000 miles, while if Massachusetts,with its mile of railway'to every four square miles of territory,be the standard,the United States will eventually boast of 772,000 miles of lines.The railroad,like the turnpike and canal,was only constructed after the most deter- mined opposition.' NOTE 46. (PAGE 177.) British and Hessian Prisoners at York.Unpub- lished Correspondence." "In 1781,an act ofCongress directedthat the Britishconvention ofprisoners in Maryland and Virginiabe removed to Yorktown,Pennsylvania,from fear of res- cue by Corn\va]lis,and the York CountyMilitia were ordered out to guard them. It appears by a letter from President Reed to William Scott,Lieutenant ofthis county,June 28,1781,that tliese prisoners were ordered to beplacedin huts near York.Fourand a half miles east oftown,inWindsor township,about 20 acres of woodland were cleared and cultivated by them,surrounded by a picket fence fif- teen feet high.The huts were mostly of stone.Some timber of the fence and stones of the huts yet remain.While there,a plague of some kind broke out among them,and a large number of them died.Their graves are still visible markedwith stones.Until within somethirty years past,a scaffold,cousisting of tv/o trees cut off,with a cross piece,was standing there.The story told,is that one night a party,supposed tobe marauders,came to the house of William Mor- gan,(oneofthe family of thatname said tohave been the only English one that settledin Kreutz Creek valley,)and called for something to eat.Morgan perceiv- ing that they were Hessians,shut the door upon them ;whereupon they fired through thedoor,wounding him,and then left.A neighbor rode to camp and gave information ofthe occurrence to the officerin charge.The roll being cilled it was readily found out who were missing;andon the return ofthe party they were court martialed and hung. "England did notcarry on the warfor the subjugationofthe American colonies altogether withherown soldiers,but employed mercenaries,known to us as Hes- sians.The profession of a soldier has always beenheld honorable,and is none the less so becausehereceives pay.He isunder obligation to give his life,ifneed be,to thegovernment that employshim,and is authorized by the law of nations to take life in open war.It is notthe pay ofthe individual soldierthat makes him a mercenary;it is the hire of his services by his sovereign to another poten- tate.Theprice ofsuch hire in the case of the Hessians who wereengagedtofight our people was enormous.The Landgrave of Hesse Cassel kept up a splendid court on theprice he received from the British government,some $15,000,000,for the hire of 20,000 soldiersand upward. "From time totime during the war large numbers of prisoners,principally Hes- sians,were brought to York,under the escort of the militia.In individual in- stances,by permis,sion of the Council of Safety or the Board oi'War,prisoners iGilison's History of YorkCounty. REVOr.UTlONARY PRISONERS IN YORK.605 were discharged on parole and allowed to takeup a residence from choice ;and some Hessians settled in York county. "By the conventionmade at thesurrenderofBurgoynetoGates,several thous- and prisoners fell into the hands of the Americans,called the 'conventionprison- ers.'The militia of theseveral counties,Philadelphia,Bucks,Chester,Lancaster and York,were ordered to escort them through the limits of each county,the YorkCounty Militia being orderedtomeet them at Wright's Ferry.But by sub- sequent arrangements these prisoners passed,under escort of Continentaltroops, through York and Hanover to Frederick Md.Wherever the Hessian prisoners passed,the people thronged to see theseterriblebeings,and they werehooted as hirelingstothe trade ofblood.Someofthemweremen of education and intelli- CAPTURE OF MAJOR ANDRE.(01(1 print.) gence,who published accounts oftheir experience in the American war.They tell in particularofthe scoldings they received fromthe women for coming to rob them oftheirliberty.Gen.Washington hadtocause notices to beputupthrough the country thatthey "were innocent ofthe war and had joined in it not of free will,but through compulsion." 506 REVOLUTIONARY PRISONERS IN YORK. Sergeant Lamb ofthe Royal Welsh Fusileers and a prisoner,in his Journal says : "The prisoners arrived in York and were confined in a prison,made of a great number of trees cut down in the woods;these were sharpened ateach end,and drove firmly into theearth,very close together,enclosing a space of about two or three acres.American sentinels were placed on the outside of the fence,at con- venient distances,in order to prevent our getting out.At one angle a gate was erected,and on the outside thereofstood the guard house;two sentinels were con- stantly posted at this gate,and no one could get out,unless he had a pass from the officer of theguard,butthis was a privilege in which very few were indulged. Boards and rails were given the British in order to make them temporarj-huts,to secure them from the rain,heat and sun.About two hundred yards from his pen a small village had been builtbythe remainsof Gen.Burgoyue's Army,who were allowed very great privileges with respect to their liberty in the country." Major Audre,the noted English Spy,while a prisoner,was in York for a short time.He was at Carlisle for a time,and was transferred through York to Lancaster,where he was kept in custody for several months. Unpublished Correspondence Relating to the British AND Hessian Prisoners at York: By the kind permission of Miss Carrie Hay,and Mrs.B.S. Gilbert. "Phua'd.28th June,1777. "Committee of Yorktown, Gentlemen:—Agreeable to your desire I waited on the board of War,and told themthe situatiou ofthe Yorktown Goal—their determination in thematterisen- closed—also a letter to the Commanders ofLancastertotake some ofthe Prisoners into their Custody which your Goal will not cleverly hold. "Col.Flower Commissary General ofthe Military Storesrequests he may have from Yorktown Tradesmen for the works at Carlisle—Carpenters,Turners,Gun Smiths,Tinmen,Sadlers,and Shoemakers and you'l pleasetodeliverthem to his order. "There are 25 men allowed for a Guard—the Committee will choose amanof Spirit and a prudent man for Captain ofthe Guard,he willbe allowed a Captain's pay and three rations aday. ''I shallset out for Camp in ten days—ifthe Committee wantsany otherarrange- ments made respecting the prisoners,let them write me tothe care ofMr.Wade and on my return I shall observe their orders. "Areportprevails ofanEngagement thathappened lastThursday near Elizabeth- Town,but as I cannot gettheparticulars I cannot say much about it.Please de- liverthe letter from Mr.Monro to the Goaler.I am Gentlemen Your most hum.ser. JOS DONALDSON. REVOLUTIONARY PRISONERS IN YORK.507 "The HonbleCommittee ofYork Town. "Lancaster,6th July,1777. Gentlemen:—Yourletter ofthe5th instantpr.Express was this Dayhandedto the Committee,with aletter from Richd.Peters Esquire Secretaryof the Boardof War,dated the 27thulto.respecting the Prisoners who are at York and removal to this place — "In answer to which I am directedtomentiontoyou that wehave not roomin the Barracks here for their reception—We have between thirteen and fourteen hundred prisoners in charge &tho'many of them work in the Country;yetas they are constantly passing to &from the Barrackswe findthemso muchcrowded there &at the Gaol (which is also full)that we have some days sincewroteto Philadelphia,requesting that part of them may be stationed elsewhere—&hope shortly to receive for theirremoval.weare Gentlemen Your most obt.Servts. (signed)bj'order of WILLIAM ATLEE Dept.Commissary ofPrisoners." "Hon'ble Committee of York. On puBtiCK SERVICE To John Hay Esouire Sub Lieutenant OF York County. if Mr.Hay should not be at home the Captain of the Guard orMagistrates will please to open this letter,&have the matter therein carried into execution. Mr.Boyd at the Ferry will have the Expressput over withoutdelay — WM.ATLEE." "Lancaster,the 23d August,1777. 9 o'clock P.M. Sir:—I have just received an Express from Philadelphia with orders to remove the prisoners and stores from this place with the utmost expedition,to Lebanon and Reading anddirectingme to writeto York tohave the Prisoners&Storesre- moved from yourtown—I therefore beg leavetotrouble you and request that you will immediately have the Prisoners removed from York underaproper Guard, to some placeofgreater safety—Carlisle seems tobe the most proper place—but as you know the Country better than I do—nmst leave it to you to fix upon the most proper place.You will likewise please to mention those orders which are from the Board ofWar,tothe Commissary ofStores at York—that he may removethem with all expedition.The letter that I have from the Board ofWar,mentions that the Enemy are landingtheir Troops in Maryland,above Baltimore — "If you remove the Prisoners to Carlisle the Lieutenant ofthat County,will,on your applicatiou furnish the proper Guards for them—&you will desire him to have them strictly guarded,especially the Officers and Tories as persons whom the Board esteemasvery dangerous men — I amsir Your mostobedt.Servt. WILLIAM ATLEE. Dept.Commissary of Prisoners." 508 REVOLUTIONARY PRISONERS IN YORK. "To John Hay Esquire Sub.Lieutenantof York County. Please let me know b}'the return oftheExpress where you removed the Pris- oners to Col.McAllister or L,ieut.Col.John Hay YorkCounty." "Lancaster,27th August,1777. "John Hay,Esq.,Sub-Lieutenantof York County. "Sir:—I have j'our favorofthisday by Express,with the letter enclosed from the Sub-LieutenantofCumberland county,whereby I observe to refuse to receive orguard the Prisoners which are ordered tobe removed from York.I have taken acopyofhis letter and shall forward it to the Board ofWar.In the meantime,as you say j'oucannot recommend any other place forthem unless Frederick county in Virginia and are uncertain whether the Virginianswill receive them.I see no other method than writing for particular direction from Philadelphia,which Ishall endeavor to have as soon as possible,—it would I amcertain,give great uneasiness to Congress and the Board ofWar to have those prisoners retaken,as they look upon them (especially the officers)asadangerous set,who know the country well and have such connections and influence as will enable them to do much mischief. I must therefore recommend it to youtobe very attentive to the Motions ofthe Enemy,andshould tliey,beforeorders can be had from Philadelphia,show the least intention of approaching York Town,the Prisonersshould by all means be sent from there,well guarded,to some place at some distance from York,where they might besecured for a few days,until ordersarrive respecting them,and this mustbe left to your ownjudgment.I would relieve youofthem andsend them to Reading as you mention with great cheapness,butthatplace is already crowded with those seut there,the Guards there are weak and badly armed and the Board ofWar chooses tokeep those kind of Prisoners (I believe)bythemselvesas much as possible. "We have accounts that Burgoynehasretreated to Ticonderoga again,whether truth or not I can'ttell,but it is asserted as facts.Thatofthe party who wereen- gaged with Gen.Stark about three hundred more are taken prisoners,than is mentioned in thehand bill,which I suppose you have seen.That a party of the Jersey Militia t'other day wentto Staten Island and surprised andtook three Colo- nels a number of other officers and about one hundred and fifty Privates and broughtthem to the Jerseys.And that Col.Meggs hath lately made another at- tempt at Long Island and brought off aboutone hundred Prisoners,last Night a Person whom we had seut to Charles Towntomakeobservations returned with the intelligence that the Enemy had landed a large bodyof Troops who areincamped about the Head of Elk,and as General Washington with his army passed through Philada.on Sunday last—we have reason to believe he is now verj'near them. "I wrote in a great hurry,being very busy iu receiving inthe Prisoners.I have sent off between six and seven hundred and intended to have sent offbetween threeand four hundred this afternoon,but shall take the cool of the morning for it, — a propos—The Hessian Prisoners in yourCounty in case of the Enemy'sap- proach should be somehowsecured and I think Mr.Connolly too,however if the Enemy have their whole force about the Head of Elk and North East—and have REVOLUTIONARY PRISONERS IN YORK.509 not landedsome between Cliarles Town and Baltimore I hope you and we are now safe enough by our army being along sideof'em—have Care of Spies—we had one last Night whobrought up two horseswith him to try if possible to take offone or two of the British Serjeantswho were prisoners here,but theywere gone and he contented himselfwith taking offoneof the Georgia Corps,who are composed of Deserters from the British Army and are on theirway to Georgia—we have two parties after him and hopeyet to have him—one ofthe deserters says he is an of- ficer in Skinner's Corps and is oneofthe Enemy'smost active fellows in that way. "I am Sir with much esteem your veryhumble servant ''Colonel Hay,''WILLIAM ATLEE, ''Sub-Lieutenant York County.''Dep.Com.ofPrisoners.'* State of Pennsylvania— Lancaster,October ist,1777. Sir:—Capt.Weaver commands a Party of Continental troops &Militia,now guarding a number ofBritish Prisoners,ordered by Congress from this to the state ofVirginia—they areto passthro York Town.I request you will provide a guard of about thirty Militia torelieve those that Capt.Weaver has with him—thismust be soon done as they are on the march—Should William Atlee Esq.D.C.G.of Prisoners have occasion for other Guards for the samepurpose,I hope that you will exert yourselves to provide them in thespeediest manner possible — I am Sir Your verj'Hum.Servant THOS.WHARTONjun,Prest." "To CoL.McAllister OR Lieut.Col.Jno.Hay Forwarded by Capt.Clark. "Reed.Oct.3d 1777 of Mr.John Hay,forthe use of mymen,a Guard to escort British Prisoners of War to Virginia twenty seven Doz.of full Catridges,two Pounds of Powder and fiveand a halfpoundsofLead,five Shot Pouches &powder Horns &three Doz.Shirts,all which I Promise to returu or be accountable for. Accidents orNecessary Occasiononly Excepted."AD.\M BLACK, "Capt.oftheGard." "Lieut,or Sub-Lieut.York County,Pennsylvania. "War Office,York Town,October 4th,1777. "Sir:—You will please to deliver overall Prisoners of War now underyour care toCapt.Weaver who Guarded those from Bethlehem &return Lists ofthose you add to the Party underhis Charge intothisoffice. "I amyourobed.Sevt."RICHARD PETERS,Secy. "As another Detachment is coming on you will please to prepare for sending themoffalso under proper Officers &Guards,"R.PETERS. "Col.Richard McAlisTER County Lieut.1 v v r t >•orthe Sub-Lieutenants or eitherof them ofJ ^°'^^>-ounty. "On Public Service."WarOffice,York,November 15,1777. "Col.John Hay,Sub-Lieutenant,York. "Sir:—Itbeingrepresented that the Prisoners ofWar in the Goal in this Town are so crowded that a Contagious Distemper is likelytoensue from their situation. 510 REVOLUTIONARY PRISONERS IN YORK. you will pleasetohave such ofIbeui asare sick placed in some convenient House &employ a Physician for their Recovery bringing in your bill to the Treasury Board for all Expence incurred in this Business. "I am Yourobed.Serv.''RICHARD PETERS,Sec'y.' ' "On Public Service. {War Office.)"WAR OFFICE,PHIL.'i.DEI.PHIA,July 23d,1778. "To LT.Coi,.John Hay at York Town, "Sir:—Thisboard having received from GeneralReedsuchinformationrespect- ing Capt.Charles Harrison,a prisoner of war in York-Town goal,as convinces them he may be released from confinement on parole ;you are desired to apply immediately on receipt hereof,to the keeper of the said goal,and demand the re- lease ofsaid Harrison &after he has signed the enclosed parole,(which you will safely keep)you will give him a passto come to this City,where,upon application to Col.Nichols the Town Mayor,he will receive the further orders of this board. Inclosed also is an orderon the goaler for the delivery of Capt.Harrison. "I am,sir.Your obedt.Servant,"TIM.PICKERING. "Col.John Hay."By order of the Board." NOTE 47. (page 1S2. ) Captain Doiidel's York Riflemen at the Battle of Bunker Hill. UNDER the authority of a resolution of Congress ofJune 14,1775,a company of Riflemen was enlisted at York the same month,under the command of Capt.Michael Doudel,1st Lieut.Heniy Miller,2nd Lieut.John Dill, and John Clark and James Matson,3rd Lieuts.'The company left York for Boston,July i,1775,arrived at Boston,July 25,and was assigned to Col.Wm.Thompson's Regiment,of Pennsylvania Riflemen.It was the first company south of the Hudson to cross that river for Boston.- The committee of Yorktown,on the ist ofJuly,1775,wrote to the Pennsylvania Delegates in Congress: "Gentlemen:—We had the honor of receiving yourfavor orthe 15th Ult.,en closing a resolve ofthe Honorable Continental Congress of the 14th Ult.We im- mediately summoned the Committee ofthis Countyand laidbefore them your let- ter,&c.The committee proceededtothe choice ofofficers fit to berecommended to the Congress,andappointed six commissionersto provide necessaries for them. Every resolve passed in committee with the greatest unanimity,andthe gentle- men of Yorktown,after the meeting dispersed themselves through the county,and assisted the officers in recruiting. "The officers we take the liberty to recommend to yon,are Captain Michael Doudel,Lieutenants Henry Miller,John Dill and James Matson.They are men whose courage we havethe highest opinion of The company,includingofficers and soldiers,are beyond the number fixed for this county,and as Gen.Gates thought it improper to discharge any,we have sent them all.We hope no altera- tion will be made in the officers.The Captain has behaved very well on thisocca- sion,and has done all in his power,by advancing money,&c.,to forward theim- portant common cause.Mr.Miller is known to some of you gentlemen.The other officers are men of worth and property;they have all wives and families, andare entitled to the warmest thanks of their country. (Signed,)JAMES SMITH,JOSEPH DONALDSON, GEORGE IRVIN,THOMAS HARTLEY, JOHN KEAN,MICHAEL HAHN. "P.S.The company began their march the nearest road toBoston this day." >Ante p.403.433.-Note 34. 512 YORK RIFLEMEN AT BUNKER HILL. In Frothingham's "Siege of Boston"is the following: "The Southern Riflemen attracted much attention.They had enlisted with great promptness,and had marched from 4 to 700miles.In ashort time large bodies ofthem arrived in camp.They wereremarkably stout,hardymen,dressed in white frocks or rifle skirts,and round hats,and were skilful marksmen.At a review,acompany ofthem,while on a quickadvance,firedtheir ballsinto objects of seven inches diameter,at a distanceof 250 yards.They werestationedon the lines,and became terrible to the British.The accounts of their prowess was circulated over England.One of them,taken 1 1 s m i u i-,Limed there,(Cor- I BATTLE OF bunker's hill.(Old print. ) nelius Turner wascarried to Halifax)and the papers described himminutely,as a remarkable curiosity." A letter,July 19,says: "The general uniforms are made ofbrownHollandand Osnaburgs,something like a shirt,double caped overthe shoulders,in imitationofthe Indians;and on thebreast,in capital letters,is their motto,'Liberty or Death.'" "On the 29,of July,the British planted a bomb battery on Bunker Hill,ad- YORK RIFLEMEN AT BUNKER HILL.513 vanced their guard on Charleston Neck further into the country and began to throw up an abatis to protect it cutting down largetrees forthis purpose.Wash- ington in the evening,ordered the York county riflecompany to cut offthese out- posts,and bring off a prisoner.The companyattempted thisservice in the follow- ing manner:Capt.Do-ivdle and thirty nine men filed offto theright,and crept on their hands and knees to the rearofthe enemie's works;Lieut.Miller,witha party in a like manner,got behind the sentries on the left.Butjust as the two divisions were about tojoin,a party of the British came down from Bunker Hill to relieve the guard,and discovered the riflemen.Both sioes fired.Theriflemen killed five andtook two prisoners and retreated,having one mancaptured.Gen. Howe,in general orders the following day,stated that had his directions rela- tive to the reliefbeen complied with the soldiers could not have failed to destroy a numberofthe rebels last night." Moore's Diary of the Revolution contains the following: "July 25th,1775.—Capt.Dowdle,with his companyofriflemen,fromYorktown, Pennsylvania,arrived at Cambridge about i o'clock to day,and since has made proposals to Gen.Washington to attackthe transport stationed at Charles River. He will engage to take herwith thirty men.The General thinks it best todecline at present;but at the same time commends the spirit of Capt.Dowdle andhis brave men,who,though theyjustcameavery long march,offers to execute the plan immediately." "July 30,1775.—Last Friday the regulars cut several trees andwere busyall night in throwingupaline and abatis in frontofit.In the evening,orders were giventothe York countyriflemen to march down to our advanced post in Charles- town Neck toendeavorto surround theadvanced guard and bring offsome prison- ers,from whom we expected to learn theirdesign in throwing up their abatis in the Neck.The rifle company divided and executed their plan in the following manner:Capt.Dowdle with thirty nine men filed off'to the right ofBunker's Hill,andcreepingon their handsaud knees,got into the rear without being dis- covered.The other division of forty men,under Lieut.Miller,were equally suc- cessful in getting behind the sentinels on the left and were within a few yards of joining the division on the right when a party ofregulars came down the hill to relieve theirguard,and crossed our riflemen under Capt.Dowdle,asthey were ly- ing on the ground in Indian file.The regularswere withiu twenty yardsof our men before they saw them,and immediately fired.The riflemen returned the salute,killed several,and brought offtwo prisoners,andtheir arms,with the loss ofCorporal Creuse,who issupposed to be killed,as he has not been heardofsince theaffair. "Aug.9,1775.—The riflemen from Yorkcounty have annoyedthe regulars very much.By a gentleman who left Boston,yesterday,we hear that Capts.Percival andSabine ofthe Marines,Capt.Johnson,of the Royal Irish,and Capt.LeMoine, ofthe train,were killed Monday.Capt.Chetwyn,son of Lord Chetwyn,is mor- tally wounded.The number ofprivateskilled this week we have not heard.The regulars havethrown up abreastwork across the neck at the foot of Bunker's Hill tosecuretheirsentriesand advance guards." In "Reminiscences of New York in the Olden Time,"by J.Bar- nitz Bacon,is the following: 514 YORK RIFLEMEN AT BUNKER HILL. "Presently,mere drums—from the direction of Dey street,this time.It must be the General!No!it was only a rifle company from Pennsylvania on their way to Boston.Capt.Dowdle'scompany from Yorktown,with Lieut.Henry Miller in command—the first company westofthe Hudson—belonging to Col.Thompson's regiment,afterwardHand's,andbearing the first commission issued by Congress after Washington's.Yorktown offered so many men,that the young Lieut.—he was only twenty-four—chalked a very small nose on a barndoor.'I'll take only the men that can hit that nose at one hundred and fifty yards!'said he. 'Take care ofyour nose,Gen.Gage!'said the newspapersat the time.Both York Townand Lieut.Miller afterwards became noted in the Revolutionary history.A hundred riflesfilled his ranksas they,too,marched on to Kingsbridge." Captain Doudel relinquished his command on account of ill health soon after the company reached Cambridge.Henry Miller, First Lieutenant,(afterwards General),was thereupon promoted Captain.'Captain Doudel resigned October 15,1775. Lieut.Clark was promoted Major of Col.McAllister's battalion, and was one of the most dashing officers in the war."Corporal Walter Cruise of the company was captured in front of Boston, July 29,1775;a prisoner seventeen months;promoted 2nd Lieut., Ninth Pennsylvania Line,Captain Sixth Pennsylvania Regiment; Private Isaac Sweeney became a Lieutenant in Archibald McAllis- ter's Company of Col.Hartley's Regiment,and was promoted Cap- tain,July 23,1778,of the Seventh Company,New Eleventh Pennsylvania Line. Robert Armor,Christian Bittinger,William Cline,Patrick Sul- livan re-enlisted.John Bronn was captured September,1775,in front of Boston.Thomas Campbell was appointed ist Lieutenant in the Fourth Pennsylvania,wounded at Brandywine,promoted Captain and served until January i,1783.He was elected to the State Senate in 1810,and died in Monaghan township,York county,in 1815.William Russel became Ensign in the Third Pennsylvania,lost a leg by a cannon ball at Brandywine;he died March 4,1802.Cornelius Turner was captured with Corporal Cruise,and carried to Halifax. The Pennsylvania Regiment of Riflemen in front of Boston was commanded by Col.William Thompson,of Carlisle;Lieut.Col. Edward Hand,of Lancaster;Major Robert Magaw,of Carlisle; Chaplain Rev.Samuel Blair,Adjutant David Ziegler,Lancaster; Surgeon William Magaw,Surgeon's Mate William Reinick,Lan- YORK RIFLEMEN AT BUNKER HILL.515 caster;Paymaster David Harris,Commissary John Biddle;Quar- termasters Frederick Hubley,Lancaster,Thomas Craig,North- ampton county andJacob Bower,Reading. The Captains were:Michael Doudel,York;George Ross,Lan- caster;George Nagel,Reading;Wm.Hendricks,Cumberland county;James Chambers,now Franklin county;RobertCluggage, Bedford county;John Lowden,Northumberland county;Matthew Smith,Dauphin county;Abraham Miller,Northampton county. Captain Doudel's Company passed through Bethlehem,July 8,and the other companies July 21 and 24. The standard of the regiment had for its ground,a deep green, lettered P.M.R.R.,with the device of a tiger partly enclosed by toils,opposed by a hunter in white,armed with a spear ready to thrust.The device,and the motto "Domari Nolo,"were on a crimson field. NOTE 48. (PAGE 183.) The York Moravian Diaries During and After the Revolution —Invaluable Local Historic Incidents. The Arriving and Passage of Revolutionary Troops Through York.—Insight Into the Actions of Congress During Its Session Here. In the York Moravian Congregational Diary for the year 1775, pastor Neisser has made,in German,the following records: 1775- "May 31,1775.—To-day there was an excitement.In spite of all warning,a Germangavevent to his feelings in insulting Congress anditsmeasuresfor institu- tingdefensive warfare.In accordance with theusual modeof punishing such de- linquents,he was seized,and tarred and feathered,for his insulting speech." "June 5.—To-day prayers were publicly oflFered up in behalfofthe American Colonies.' ' "July I.—This afternoon a company of 100 men,ofthistown,left forthe Amer- ican army in New England,with the ringing of bells,after a sermon had been preached to them by the Presbyterian minister on the text,istSamuel x.12,in which they were exhorted tokeep God before their eyesduring their expedition, and then they could be assured of His protection and guidance;otherwise this would not be the case." This was Capt.Michael Doiidel's company of riflemen,recruited in Yorktown and at Samuel Getty's tavern,now Gettysburg,and was attached to Col.William Thompson's Battalion of Riflemen. To this company belongs the honor of being the first to reach camp before Boston,of any company south and west of Hudson River.' "July I9.—A company ofVirginia troops arrived here on their march to join the American army.We viewed them with pity,and were especially affected by the sight of the motto 'Liberty or Death,'which their commander bore on his breast." THE YORK MORAVIAN DIARIES.517 "July2o.^By special order ofCongressthiswas a Fast and dayof Prayer,and our services were numerously attended.The Virginia company left town to-day for the army." This was the rifle company commanded by Captain Daniel Mor- gan,later the distinguished General Morgan,and the one in which young Benjamin Rothrock enlisted,in spite of the remonstrances of his father and brothers. "July 31.—With the people in general we have thus far beenin peace.How- ever,urgent requests are sent to our people to attend the drilling in the useof arms.Most ofour brethren in town have,however,arrived at that age,in which they can no longer be compelled to attend drills.A few ofthe young men have yielded,and one ofthem,Benjamin Rothrock,son of Philip Rothrock,in spiteof the remonstrances of both his father and brothers,went offduringthe night with a company of Virginia troops,which marched through this place." "August 3.—The last company of Virginia troops marched through thetown for the American camp.They were commanded by Capt.Erisson." "August 10.—To-day the town was quite noisy,owing to the assembling of the militia companies from thevarious townships." "August 18.—Considering that this is a time of war,circumstancesprovequite favorable.A fewofour number have consented to take partin themilitary drills; if only more will not be required ofthem.Several ofour young men,in spite of remonstrances,enlisted as Minute Men." "September i.—We are impelledtobring beforethe throneof God inprayer,in our service,the lamentable condition of ourbrethren atNew York and New Port, in addition to the critical conditions of the Colonies." "September 12.—We have enjoyed restduring these troublesome times,yielding ourselves to the gracious careand protection of our lovingFather.In October a new committee will be appointed,and it is said that only men who are orthodox as regards military affairs will beselected.Bro.Heckedorn has been nominated for the position ofCounty Assessor." "October i.—In the congregation service,we gavethe brethren some adviceas to how they should conduct themselves in these critical times,(1775)for to mor- row an election is tobe held." 1776. "January 15.—Notwithstanding the approaching troubles anddangers,and the expectation of things to come,we are at peace with all our fellow beings.Now it is reported,that drilling in military tactics will be carried on more thoroughly than ever before.We are glad that,according to the decrees of Congress and the Provincial Board,none of our people aretobe compelled to doanythingcontrary to heart,con.scienceand opinions.But the taxes levied will becomequite burden- some,considering the presentstateofourfinances and thepoor condition of busi- ness orevery kind." "July 7.—Strict orders came that all 'Associators'of this county should hold themselves in readiness to marchtothe front.In the following week they left." "July 17.—Yorktown seems quite deserted on account of the departure of all men underfifty years ofage.Our young men had to leave for thearmyin Jersey. Christian Heckedorn and William Lanius,have,aftera greatdeal oftrouble,sue- 518 THE YORK MORAVIAN DIARIES. ceeded in preventing themselves from being taken along,on account of their sick- ness.Jacob Rothrock has also escaped beingdrafted.But Ernst Schlosser,the three sons of Bro.Rothrock,Brinkman,John Seifer's eldestson,John Hoenrison, and,in short,the most ofthe others who are under fifty years ofage,will have to march off in the next few days.Thus only the old brethren and sisterswill be left.Several of our people,because the town has been so emptied,have inaddi- tion to several other persons have been elected as membersofthe Committee ad mierim,with a guard given them day and night,inorder to maintain peace and order,and give security against the plots ofthe Tories.All business andevery occupation are prostrate,all shops are closed.How manyprayersand tears will now be brought before the Lord,by parents for theirchildren,bychildren for their parents,by wives fortheir husbands." "August.—Numerous bands of soldiers from Maryland,Virginia,etc.,passed through the town." "September 4.—Our town has not remained exempt from the prevailingunrest of the land.None of our Communicant Brethren have been compelled toenter the war,and those who were married and had gone to Jersey,have again returned in the first part of theweek to their respective homes.The young single men of our Societ}',ofwhomthereare about ten absent,havebeen drawn into the Flying Camp." "In the beginning of Septembersome ofthosethat had goneto the front from here returned.On the 28th of September '76 Mr.Phil Rothrock returned from a visit to his sons in camp near New York." Philip died February 28,1803,aged 90 years. "On October 12th,1776,Mr.Phil.Rothrock's Benjamin,who sincethe begin- ning of 1776 had been detained a prisoner of war,returned home.During this year,1776,two of the Moravians,Johannes Feiser &Jacob Schank,died,the one in camp the other as prisoner of war." 1777. "January.—Heinrich Hoff came home from imprisonment sick andemaciated." "September.—Many fugitives from Philadelphia &vicinity arrived in town. Duringthe first days ofthis month one sad report after another concerning the in- creasing war-troublesin thisprovince reached town." "On account of theturbulent conditions ofaffairs holycommunion wasomitted in September." "On the 27th day of September the Continental Congress took its temporary abode in town." "During November the evening meetings ofthe Congregation were mostly ren- dered impossible on account ofthe many soldiers being quartered in the housesof the citizens." "December i8tb,'77,was set apart and kept as a day ofprayerandrepentance." Diary Continued by Bro.Bader. 1778. "January 19.—This afternoon Gen.Horatio Gates,who has been appointed THE YORK MORAVIAN DIARIES.519 President of the Council of War,arrived in town and wasreceived witlidemon- strations ofjoy." "February 4.—Today ariflemanand acorporal from Anspach (Hessians)visited me.They related that Gen.Howe had recently written a lettertoGen.Washing- ton,containing merely a transcript of the Seventh Chapter of theProphetEzekiel, and that Washington had replied by an epistle embodyingthe fourth chapter of the Book of Baruch." "February 18.—Balls have now begun to be held in this town,which hascalled forth the remonstrances of the clergy and inhabitants.They are frequented by officers of the army and even members of Congress,besides many improper persons.' ' "March 19.—Throughout the entire night the soldiers kept a strict guard,be- cause a plot of the Tories and Howe's light cavalry to capture members ofCon- gress,had been discovered.One man was acquainted with the details and sus- pected ofbeing in the plot,was arrested." "March 21.—At Bro.Beroth's house a number ofsoldiers are quartered." "March 23.—I was visited by the French Colonel Armand,whooffered todeliver letters for me in Bethlehem." "March 25.—Towards evening,while I was absent,a Surgeon from the Hospital and two officers,called and presented an orderofthe Board of War,which author- ized them to look for a house,which would be suitable for the accomodation of sick soldiers.They believed our 'gemeinhaus'would answer the purpose,but this SisterNeisser opposed.' ' "March 29 —Bro.Philip Rothrock gave meinformation with regard to several political occurrences and the discovery ofa plot against thistown bythe Tories. ChristopherLudwig,the Baker General ofthe Army,is in town." "April 4.—I visited Bro.John Rothrock,who I found sick,sohis fatherdaily attends to the printing of Continentalbills." "April 9.—Virginia troops arrivedatthe camp here." "April 10.—Gen.Charles Lee arrived here yesterday on parole." Gen.Lee left Valley Forge,April 5,to go to Congress,and it was during his sojourn in Yorktown,that his exchange for Gen. Prescott took place at Germantown,April 21st. "April 14.Fourhundred Virginia troops arrivedhere on theirmarchtocamp. " "May 2.—I accompanied the brethren from Lebanon to Mr.Morris,by whom the petition was prepared in the form ofa memorial to the Board ofWar.In the afternoon it was banded to Gen.Gates,whoispresident.Mr.Silas Deane,who has just arrived after a passage ofthirty-twodays from France called on me.He has newsfor Congressconcerning the treaties made with the French Government, which are to be ratified by Congress.Bro.Henry Miller arrivedthisevening from Bethlehem.He handed me a letter from Bro.Fries,Matthew Weissand my brother Augustine,who writes in detail of the terrible condition of affairs in the vicinity of Philadelphia." "May 16.—Bro.Ettwein received a friendly letter from Henry Laurens,Presi- dent of Congress,andhasdetermined to setout for home to morrow." Of his visit to Yorktown,and his interview with members of Congress,Bro.Ettwein has left the following record: 520 THE YORK MORAVIAN DIARIES. "May II.—I came to Yorktown.The appeal to the peopleby Congress,and the ratified treaty with France,were the topics ofdiscussion everywhere.I called on President Laurens,told him myerrand,showedhim the memorialsand begged him to correct the one for Congress.Hesaid it was unnecessary,that I should hand in both as they were;that it was ourduty to make representations,whether with or without results.He promised to speak with some members ofCongress about the matter,and named those I shouldinterview privately.On May 12,I called on six members,and only McKean,ChiefJustice ofPennsylvania,was un- friendly,and said that he would vote against our memorial.Guveneur Morris brought our memorial before Congress andspoke strongly in its favor;so did sev- eral others.Mr.Duane remarked:'I believe the Moravians aregood subjects, but they will have nothing to do withputting down old governmentsand setting up new ones.'He then asked me whether this was not so,to which I replied 'yes.'He then offered to get ourChurcha tract ofland five or six milessquare, vrithin forty miles of Boston,with an act ofthe State similar to the Actof Parlia- ment of 1749,if we would make a settlement there.I thankedhim,butsaid this was not the time to think ofsuch aproposition.The Eastern States demanded the test of adjuration,only from such as hold public office.President Laurens said:'Should the Moravians be expelled,I shall let every thing lie and go with them.'A committee was appointed to consider thememorial.Mr.Laurenson the 14th,showed me the committee's report in confidence.Itstenor wasthat we were yet to enjoy all our privileges,butthat Congress could notmake any special recommendation to the Assembly.Mr,Laurenstold me that he wasnot satisfied with the report;blamed McKean forit,and said it should be recommitted." "May 18.—Counterfeiters of Congress gold currencywerebroughtherefortrial." "May 20.—Bro.Henry Miller translated the addressof Congress to the States into German,in order that it may be read to thecongregation,as ordered by Congress." "May 22.—A battalion of artillery from North Carolinaarrived here,and con- tinued their march for Gen.Washington'sarmy." "May 24.—At the close of the morningservice,I read the address of Congress, in German,to the congregation." "May 27.—A man was hung today in the presence of a large crowd ofpeople. School children who had witnessed it from a distance,werewarned to shun all evil doing.In the Lancaster paper,we readthat the petition ofthe Brethren of Bethlehem to theAssembly,had not been granted." "May 28.—Michael Hillegas,Treasurer of the United States called to seeme, and we had a pleasant discourse on the fundamental truths ofthe Christian re- ligion." "May 29.—Thecity was filled with greatjoy at the report that the British had evacuated Philadelphia." "June I.—Mr.Snowden and Claypool made me a visit,and told me that they would set out for Philadelphia as soon asreliable information was received that the city was evacuated." "June 2.—I wrote to my brother Augustine,and gavethe letterin charge ofMr. Claypool,whotold me ofthe sad fate ofhis son in the army." "June 3.—We opened a shaughter house for the convenience ofthe troops sta- tioned here,having been compelled to do so,or our 'gemeinhaus 'would have been used.Mr.Cist,during his visit to-day,reported that some tories had called THE YORK MORAVIAN DIARIES.521 upon Gen.Washington to seek pardon,andtliat he had sentthemtothe Council." "June 12.—I wasinvited toattend the funeral ofMr.Philip Livingston,a Dele- gate to Congress fromthe State ofNew York,with the other clergymen stationed here.Mr.DuiEeld,the Presbyterian Chaplain of Congress delivered an address at the grave.Afterthe service I became acquainted with Mr.William Rogers,Chap- lain of the Continental Army,who had letters for me.(InCongress it was Re- solved 'to attend the funeralat 6o'clock,with crape around the arm,and to con- tinue in mourning forthe space of one month.')" "June 15.—I received a letter from Bro.Matthew Hehl,containingthenews thatthe 'gemeinhaus'in Lebanon had been cleared of the warmaterials at last." "June 16.—I was requested to conduct the funeral services of the wife of a sol- dier,atthe houseofSr.Hoenriseu.I made an English address at the grave,tak- ing as my text the words ofPaul in 2 Cor.v.i5.Visited Bro.Riehlsand Mr.Mor- ris—at the latter's house;John Rays F.R.S.delivered a physico-theological dis- course.' ' "June 17.—A portionof Col.Hartley'sbattalion left town forGeneral Washing- ton's camp,having in chargea number of Englishprisoners." "June 18.—John Hancock,elected a member of Congress from Massachusetts Bay,arrivedto-day." "Early to-day we heard that the British had evacuated Philadelphia,and that they hadgiven vent to their rageand male volence,by cruelly treatingthe Amer- ican prisoners.The daily test i Cor.x,13,came to us with special power,con- sidering the event which has happened in Philadelphia,and the deliverence of this State from the yoke of the British King." "June 19.—'..Ir.Suowden brought us the good news that the British had left Philadelphia.Bro.Nicholas Garrison,from Reading,on business with theBoard ofWar,alsoconfirmed the news." "June 23.—Familieswhohad fled from Philadelphia,to day began to retvirn." "June 24.—The remainder of Col.Hartley'sbattalion is to leave tomorrow;the militia guard,to which several ofour brethren are attached are ordered out." "June 25.—The remainder of Col.Hartley's battalion began its marchtothe main army.Major Young,aclerk ofthe Board of War,with whom I had become acquainted,left to-day for Philadelphia.He had lodged at the house of Bro. Gump." "June 26.—Mr.Billmeyer told methat Mr.Richard Hudson,adelegatetoCon- gress from North Carolina,intends to return to Philadelphia bythe way of Bethle- hem,and will take letters tomy friends.I atonce wrote toboth places." "June 27,—A numberofCongressmen left for Philadelphia,in ordertotake part in anniversary celebration ofthe Declarationof Independence inthat city." Elizabeth Drinker in her diary states,that owing to the scarcity of candles in that city,the illumination on July 4th was not uni- versal as was expected. "June 2S.—More members of Congress and many persons who had within the past year fled from Philadelphia,left to-day for that city." "June 29,—Mr.Claypoole,left for Philadelphia,in chargeofthe Dunlap piint- ingestablishment." "Refugees fleeing from the border,where the Tories and Indians are commit- ting depredations,passed through our town on the way to Maryland.We heard 522 THE YORK MORAVIAN DIARIES. ofa conflict between our soldiersand the British,which took placea few days ago. I wrote to my brother .A.ugustine and handed the lettertoWilliam Lanius to de- liver,since he is to form part of the guard which is to escort Congress to Philadel- phia.More people who had fled to thistown and vicinity continue to return to their homes." "July '.—The text for this dayPsalmIxvi,8,incited us to praise God,when we considered all hisgoodness in the latterhalfof this year oftrouble;in hearingour prayers,that we see Philadelphia once more freed from the British." "July 4.—The anniversary of the Declaration of Independence was celebrated here in a veryjoyful manner." "July 7,—The troops which arrived here yesterday on theirway to Pittsburg, and encamped over night,continued their marchtoday,after drawing rations." "July ig.—Today we offered up prayer for the needy fugitives from theborder, many of whom have passed through our town during the pastweek,and were indeedsubjects of pity." "July 20.—Christian Heckedorn with others of his company start for Philadel- phia tomorrow,as a guard to protectthe Continental wagonsofTreasurer Michael Hillegas." "July 21.—A traitor by the name of Le Feber,a Mennonite was arrested on the accusation of a British deserter,that he had persuaded 40 men of Gen.Howe's army to join the Tories and Indians to plunder the people living on the borders." "August 18.—Today a portion of the militia of York-township,in whose ranks are Henry Hoff,as substitute for Michael Fichols,and Keller,left fortheborder lands,where they are to protect the inhabitants from the violence ofthe Indians and Tories." "October2.—During the past fewdays many British prisoners marched through our town,on their way from Virginia to General Clinton's armytobe exchanged.' ' "December 16.—Tonight a part of the Convention troops (The Hessians and others captured at Saratoga by Gates)arrived here fromNew England (Near Bos- ton)on their wayto Virginia." "December 22.—The Convention troops which arrivedhere on the i6th and 19th inst.,left for the South (Virginia)." "December 24.—Numbersof Convention troops are desertingonaccount of their being badly treated by their officers.Some of them attended our services and were attentive and earnest.' ' 1779. "May 6.—A day of Fasting and Prayer,ordered by Congress,wasobserved in the Moravian church.Thesermon was founded on Hosea 39,9." "June 9.—Lady Washington passed through York,to Baltimore,on her way to Virginia." 1781. The Diary for 1781 contains the following letter,byJacob Hay- maker,Pittsbnrg,Pa.,to John Heckedorn,member of the Mora- vian Church,at York: NORTH SIDE OF MARKET STREET,EAST OF BEAVER,YORK,1801 1 Peter Dirkel's Store. THE YORK MORAVIAN DIARIES.523 Pittsburg,Sept.7,1781. DearSir:—I take this opportunity to inform you that three days ago,there came an Indian woman to Fort Mcintosh and brought the account that all the Moravian Indians were taken prisoners by the Warrion Indians,and that David Zeisberger (missionary)and all the brethren were taken and tied hand and foot and sent off,and alltheir effectsthe Indians took and divided among them selves, and that at the same time,when this Indian woman made her escape,they were at the corn,cutting it down and destroying it.They alsokilled and destroyed theircattle.The Indians came to the townon the 13th of August,and gave David Zeisberger notice,that they were coming to attack Fort Wheeler,and that from there were going to Fort Mcintosh,and afterthat they weregoing to Fort Pitt." "Zeisberger wrote to us,on the i8th and 21stofAugust:When they came to the towns,they surrounded them immediately thatthey should not inform us of it.David Zeisberger took his horse and rodeout in the woodspretendingthat he washunting his horses,and wrote to us.He senttwoofhisIndians as anExpress, but on their return homethey were taken pri:<oners by the Indian Warriors,and are now at Fort Mcintosh.The Indians made theirappearancethere.They have been at Fort Wheeler and took upwards of 20 head ofcowsand several horses,and challenged them to come out and fight them." "The time that they first came to the Moravian town,they numbered 250 and staid there tilla few days ago,when they were reinforced with more Indians,and ma<le an attack on the town.It is allowed that there are400 in all—according to the statement of this Indian Woman.—I hope sir,you will let Rev.Grube know how matters stand with the brethren.Give my compliments to Mr.Grube;and let him know that I and my familyare all in good health atpresent. I amSir,with respects, To YoursincereFriend Mr.John Heckedorn."JACOB HAYMAKER. 1782. "Januarys.—Forthe past two days prisoners of Lord Cornwallis'army,have been passing throughonr town." "February 4.—Upwards of 1500 prisoners belonging to Cornwallis'army,under guard from Maryland,passed through our town to theCamp locatedinHellam township." "February 12.—I received a letter from Bro.Rlatthew Hehl givingan account of the murderofBro.Jacobsen,on Staten Island by several children ofBelial." Christian Jacobsen was Captain of the Irene and Hope,two ves- sels owned by the Moravian Church for the transportation of her colonies to Pennsylvania.He was murdered by a party of Tories, who were robbing his house. "July 31.—Today an infamous plot of the British prisoners was discovered,in which they determined to burnYorktown and Lancaster in one night." "August I.—We had a very disturbed night owing to the set ofrascals who swarmed around ourhouse,intenton doing evil deeds.These wickedpersons are becoming very offensive.The British oiEcers who are here asprisoners,and their 524 THE YORK MORAVIAN DIARIES. servants,spread their demoralizing principles,and they affect the young people, like a pestilence walking abroad." "August 8.—A letter received from Bethlehem states:'LastThursday (July25) we had an unexpected visitorin Gen.Washington.We showed him all possible respect.He appeared to be so natural and social,that I scarceknew whether he or wehad the most enjoyment and pleasure.Bro,Ettwein next day accompanied him to our town Hope,in the Jerseys,where hedined.'" "October 14.—I visited Mr.Morris,who can scarcelj'find words to express his indignation at the insolence of the British officers.He said that the people,and even those of Tory feelings,who have taken them as boarders or Icjdgers can scarcely bearit." "October 22.—Mr.Deutch,the Lutheran school-master,complained to me ot the conduct of the British officershere." "November 13.—We heard that at Crice Creek,Col.Morganwhowas assaulted by British deserters,who had entered the Continentalarmy,had died ofhisin- juries." "December 29.—More Cornwallis prisoners arrived,escorted by Continental Dragoons.Owing to the bad condition ofthe barracks,thedragoons were quar- tered in the houses ofour citizens,which created muchinconvenience.Some of my membersfurnished quarters for a number." By Rev.George Neisser. 1783- "January 24.—On visiting some of our people,I heard many complaints ofthe rough conduct of the soldiers who were quartered on them.I was also informed that some of the soldiers had inquired if there were any Moravian churches in tovv-n—and ou attending our church they remarked,that they had heard a better evangelical discourse,there,than in any of theother churches in York.Inother places of worship there was much complaint ofthe ungodly and irreverent conduct of the youngpeople,who said that they would turn Englishmen and become infi- dels.On hearing that a new Lutheran church was to be built they prophesied, thatwhen the old people were dead,theirchurches would be left empty," January 30,—Mr.John Heckedorn came here on business asSteward andgreatly deploredthe condition of our town,in consequence of the riotousconduct ofthe soldiers,who were quartered onit.' ' "February 5.—I received a letter from JacobRothrock together with anewspa- per from Baltimore,containing intelligence that peace wasconcludedand the in- dependence of the United States of North America had been acknowledged,for which we praised God." "February 21.—The Susquehanna,in consequence of the recent heavy rains, rose higher than it had been forthe last 10 years." "February 25.—During a visit in Bottstown,I heard much fromBro.John Roth- rock and others about the wicked and lewd conduct ofthe British officersduring their stay here,who had exercised a very demoralizinginfluenceon our young people." "March 7.—Several Continental officers handed me dispatchestobe forwarded toBros.Schweintzand Marshall at Bethlehem." THE YORK MORAVIAN DIARIES.525 "April 6.—Received a letter from Bro.Schweishaupt,containing some news, sent by J.Kamp,Hagerstown about a man named Stall,who had been taken pris- oner and caiTJed off to Detroit,where he lodged in the same house with some of our members." "April II.—Heard stillfurtheraccountsof the many sufferings and hardships to which our membershadbeen subjected by the British soldiery." "April 22.—There were great rejoicing in our town overthe newly concluded peace,cannons were fired,houses illuminated and a huge bonfire kindled to ex- press the general joy.But notwithstanding all this rejoicing,every thingpassed offdecently and in order." "May 15.—The remainder of two regiments oi Bayreuth a.n6.Anspach soldXetSy consisting ofseveral 100 persons,taken from Arnold andCornwallispassea through York from P^rederickstown on their way to NewYork in order to beexchanged, — among them was one Ulrich Lochler whohad visited me at Easton.His adven- tures in the war had thoroughly humbled him.He had been a Moravian in Neu- dietendorf,Germany." "May 20.—To-day the Criminal Court sentenced to death twomurderers (British deserters)who had shot Col.Morgan,a highly respectable citizen from Hellam township." "May 24.—E.Schlosser told me that since the conclusion of peace his business had been much injured,bythe free importation ofmanufactures from abroad." "A Philadelphia newspaper — Freeman^s Journal,No.9—closed an accountof thecruel treatment thehostile Indianshad inflicted on their prisoners,during their expedition against them,in May,17S2.The greater part of the Moravian men (Indians)who were really peaceable and well affected towards ushad beencarried offthe fall before,and were still detained at Sandusky.Butthe putting to death of the Moravian Indian women and children who sang hymns at their execution, must be consideredasunjustifiable and inexcusable homicide and thatthe Colonel [Williamson],whocommanded the party and who is said to have,perseveringly and contrary to theremonstrances ofthe officers present,ordered the perpetration of this act,and has not been called to an account,is a disgrace to the Stateof Pennsylvania.H.BrackknridgE." "July9.—Mr.M.Billmeyer,a good friend ofour Moravian people,spoke to me of the evil influence,which the Deists had exercised in our town,whose number had increased,during the stayhere of the British officers,and whom he had found occasion to rebuke and confute,by exposing the folly oftheir ownarguments." "July 12.—I visited a blind negro woman and comforted her yesterday she was insulted by a soldier,and had become muchexcited.Thesoldier was soonafter thrown into prison for otherexcesses." "August 29.—A letter from David Zeisberger gave usgreatjoy,andgratitude to God for the protecting care with which he bore them through theperilsofthe late Indian wars." 1784. "February 3.—The Codorus rose higher than ever before within our knowledge, andan immense ice-gorge was the consequence." "March 15.—The Codorus presented a sadspectacle.The fencesare all washed away—but the water is beginning to subside.I readtothe School children the history ofthe Deluge and enlarged on it." 526 THE YORK MORAVIAN DIARIES. "April 20.—Frederick Elsburg called on me and told me ofthe devastation of the country at the head of Elk river by the British children ofBelial,especially on the farm of his grandmother." Pastor,John Roth.After Oct.18,Rev.Abraham Reinke Took Charge. 1786. "June 25.—On this day Paul Meyer becamea communicantmember.At his death the church inherited |6,ooo—this being his entire estate.He had no rela- tives and so he left his money to the church,rather thanlet it go to the State." "Octobers.—The Codorus rose 8 to 9 feet,and filled dwelling houses so as to drive peopleunder the rooffor safety." "The great bridge was swept away and a tannery entirelybroken up and the leather lifted out of the vats.On Waterstreetthe water was 4 feet deep.Two horses were drowned." "Oct.7.—The water having subsided,travelers v?ere ferried acrossin boats.The devastation was very great—Ijut fortunately no human lives were lost." NOTE 49. (PAGE 183.) Unpublished Revolutionary Papers,Correspond- ence,Etc.,Relating to York County. Calls for the Militia.Demand for Arms.Four Thou- sand York Militia. BY the kind permission of Miss Carrie Hay and Mrs.Dr.B. S.Gilbert,lineal descendants of Lieut.Col.John Hay, born in Alsace,in 1733,whose father was a native of Scotland,and moved to Alsace.Col.Hay was a Lieu- tenant in Capt.Long's Company,1775,and was afterwards,dur- ing a portion of the Revolution,constituted the resident military officer of York with the rank of Lieut.Colonel.His son Jacob was a Corporal in Moylan's Cavalry Regiment of the Revolution. Unpublished Petition of the Commissioners of York County in 1775,Asking Funds for Revolutionary Equipments to be Paidto Col.Michael Swoope. "To the Honorable the Representatives ofthe Freemen ofthe Province ofPennsyl- vania,in the General Assembly met— "The Petition ofthe CommissionersofYork County. "Sheweth,—That your Honorable House,on the 30th.of June last,(1775), were pleased to direct that 300 muskets &c.and the like number ofCartridge Boxes,should be made in the County—that your Petitioners and the board in con- sequence of such directions,haveset the gun smithsofthe County to work at the said arms,and have induced them,with the assistance of the Committee,to lay aside all other business,till the same be finished.That some of thesame Gun Smiths cannot aflFord to purchase the necessary materials,and carry on the said work without money being advanced them—your Petitioners therefore pray the Honorable House to direct the Treasurer of the House topay the sum of five Hundred (or such sum as your Honours shall think proper)Pounds into the hands of Michael Swope Esq.,which sum your petitioners will advance to the said Gun Smiths,in order to enable them to carry on thesaid business,and that yourpeti- tioners will be accountable to yourHouse for thesame. 528 UNPUBLISHED REVOLUTIONARY PAPERS. "The Cartridge boxes are finished,a bill of which is herewithsent,andyour petitioners also pray your Honours to orderyourTreasurerstopay the amountof them tothe said MichaelSwope. "Your Petitioners also begleave to represent that there is now a quantity of tin in York Town,sufficient to make a number of Camp Kettles,for to supply the minute men of this County,in case they should enter upon active service—that unless a demand be soon made for such kettles—the tin will beworked up for other purposes That if your Honours shall consider such kettles necessary for the publick Your petitioners will direct the same to be made andcharged to the Province. "That your Petitioners apprehend that considering the number ofMilitia in this County (which is near 4000)that 300 arms is not the full proportion for this County,your Petitionerstherefore submit it to your Honours,whether the number ofarms &c.,should not be increased. "That the Committee of this County,some time ago,purchasedaquantitv of ammunition for publick use a bill of which i«herewith sent,andthat the said Committee advanced the money for the same.Thatthe said Ammunition is now lodged in York Town for to be madeuse ofon an Emergency forthe Security and Defense of this Province—that your Petitioners humbly conceive,thatthesaid Ammunition should be paid by the Province—in order to take the Burthen offof Individuals—your Petitioners therefore further pray your Honours toorder your Treasurertopay the amount ofsaid ammunition to the said Michael Swoope. "AndyourPetitionersshallpray &c." "In Council,Philadelphia,28th July,1777. "Col,John Hay,YorkTown, "Sir:—The following linescome to you from Council in the most pressing exi- gency ofpublic affairs,in which the very existence of this State is threatened: "The enemy baffled in New Jersey,are,by every account,at thismomentexert- ingthemselvestoinvade Pennsylvania;in short,we hourlyexpect to hearoftheir arrival in Delaware.On Tuesday last 250 vessels sailed out of the bay of New York,with a fairwind,Thisfleet,without doubt,transports a large army,and is composed in part of ships of war.Seventy of them were seen on Friday within eightor ten leaguesofCape May,the north eastern cape of Delaware,and bytheir disposition seemed desirous to effect an entrance into the bay,labouring against a contrary wind.Some accounts arrived since saythat 190sailsatdifferenttimeshad passed by Eggharbour,before ten o'clockin the morning yesterday.Their desti- nation afterthis,admitsofno doubt. "General Washington,fully assured that the enemyhave this State fortheir ob- ject,is on a hastened march for this place,with such part ofhisarmyas can be spared for this service;forhe must provide also for the securityof the country he leavesagainst the alarming approach of General Burgoyne.But General Wash- ingtonisyet distant;itis therefore absolutely necessary that a considerable part ofthe natural force ofthe country beassembled without lossof time,and sent to Chestertojoin such Continental troops and Militiaasare here,in opposing as far asisprudent and delaj'ing the progress of the enemy,till the arm}'can arrive. "In thiscircumstancewe are desirousofprocuring real aidwith all possible dis- patch.We would solicitand authorizeyou todoitby all thelawful and effectual means in your power,but we wish to leave much to your prudence.It seems to UNPUBLISHED REVOLUTIONARY PAPERS.529 bevery desirablethat all the heart)'and ablebodied men should be,if possible, drawn out.They might appear either personally in the class now called out,or as Substitutes for those who side with the foe,or are hindered byprinciple from bearing arms.In this view we direct and enjoin youtoembody forthwith the ofthe Militia of County,and to send themdown,as fast as you can make up a company of forty or fifty men,under a due proportion of officers,to Chester,and that you will exert your utmostaddressand influence to induce able and hearty friends of the cause ofourcountry,to join in and inspirit, by their example,in the manner hinted before,in this time of need,to repel this almost dispairing enemy.We would hope,that now the very important work of harvestis finished,this plan may be not only practicable but easy.Council find great reason to be dissatisfied with the present mode ofhiring Substitutes:The advance oflarge premiums for twomonths'service,in thepresent case,seems un- reasonable and absurd,when perhaps the duty may not be required forone;it tempts to desertion;and the drawing out of prodigioussums of public money, which would be necessary in that case,is highlyinconvenient.If the}'would be engaged on a weekly hiring,for two months'service as usual,would it not be much more advantageous to the service,and more equal between the parties? "The expenditures ofthis kind in Bucks and Philadelphia counties,madesome months since,have not yet found their way back,though the Lieutenants are now levying with diligence.In the formerabout fifteen pounds was the price of sub- stitution.Itwas higherinthiscounty.In townfood andlabourare always much dearer—here the hire rose to twenty-five pounds—high prices these!—It is reason- able to think that the approach of harvestoccasioned such enormous demands to be made,which being now over,we hope that Substitutes may be had atamore reasonable rate. "As we can depend on the aid of the Militia of NewJersey,whose activeand valorous example must provoke every honest breast to emulate theadvantages, honour and success,which theirprowess and spirit has obtainedtotheir Stateand to themselves;as we shall be assisted by the Delawarestate,and,wedoubt not,by Maryland,we have every reason to expect that the foesoffreedom may be easily resisted and suppressed,andthe numerous evils,which would ensue on their suc- cessmay beprevented,if we be not wanting in this day of trial toourselvesand to posterity. "You are to order down with each company six pitching axes and ten shovels, which the council will either pay foror return in good order;and you will be un- der a necessity of sending down blankets for the whole,and all the arms that can be come at.The authority given you todisarm the refusers of the oath ofallegi- ance to the State,is,in thisrespect worthy your attention. "I am sir Your Very Hum.Servt. "To John Hay,Esq.,"THO.WHARTON,Jun.,Pres. ''Lieutenant ofthe County of York.' ' 'The Council recommend you tobe particular in the manner ofgiving notice to the Militia to march;lest when the moneywhich may be paid for substitutes shall be demanded they may plead want of form in the notice which shouldbe given verbally to the party or in writing left at his usual place of abode—and in such manner that proofmay be made of the notice having been given." 530 UNPUBLISHED REVOLUTIONARY PAPERS. "In Councii,,Philadelphia,Pa.,July 31,1777. Sir:—I wrote you on the 28th instant,and ordered Classof the Militiaof your County be immediately marched to Chester.This morning I have certain intelligence of the Arrival oftwo hundred and twenty-eight Sail ofthe Enemy's Fleet at our Capes Yesterday Morning;they were then starting in forthe Bay — this renders it absolutely necessarythat every Exertion beused to have the Militia at Chester as soon aspossible.It is unnecessary to urgeto youany other Motive than a Regard to the Salvation ofour Country,to induce you to takeevery Meas- ure for this purpose which is in your Power,without amomentsdela}-. "Volunteers,animated by the Love of Liberty and of their Countr}',who may step forward on this great and important Occasion,before it may be their turn to go into the Field inthe Class to which they belong,and thereby render the most important service at this critical Time,will be entitled to the highest Esteemand Respect,and will most certainly meet with every Countenance and Encourage- ment which the council can give.They will be entitled to the same Payand Rations with the Militia.Your most obedient humbleservant, "To John Hay Esq;THO.WHARTON Jun.Pres. Sub.Lieutenant ov the County of York." "On Public Service, "V.Matlack,Secy.Philadelphia,19 August,1777. "ColonelJoseph Donaldson,in Yorktown, (or in hisabsenceto Michl.Hahn,Esq.) "Sir:—I layed before Council your letter written jointly with Michl.Hahn & John Hay—precepts far the officers you complain of were instantl}'issued,and John Reynolds,an Ensign,William McCoy a Lieutenant and Andrew Byersa Ser- geant in a Company under John Steel Junr.of Carlisle were bound over.Theseby their own account were at Dover-town on the 2ndinst.,and probably all aided in theriot,unlawful imprisonment,&c.Reynolds confessed thathe tied the hands ofCaptain Daniel May. "Mr.Hogg ofCumberland will transmit their recognizances.Care should be taken to hold the Complainants bound to prosecute. "The attention that hasbeen paid by you to this business will,it is to be hoped, check thevivacity of yourofficers;forthey are chiefly to be blamed forexcessesof this nature.The privates can hardlj'refuse to take a part. "I am sir Your most obdt.servant, "THO.WHARTON,JUNR.,Pres. An amusing and graphic account of this riot will be found in 5 Pa.Archives 496 to 500,520,534. "York Town Octoberye 5th 1777,Reed,ofJohn Hay S.L.foure Foots for the useofmy Comp."Pr,mee ADAM BLACK Capt." "YORK COUNTY SS. "Whereas a certain person whocalls himselfAlexander Haggens,was taken up and brought before me,on suspicion of being a Deserter,or a Runaway servant and he not being able fully to clearhimself from thesuspicion.These are there- fore to require 3'ou forthwith to convey the said Alexander Haggens.to the Galer of this County,who is also hereby requested to receivehim,the said Alexander UNPUBLISHED REVOLUTIONARY PAPERS.531 Haggens,into the Gaol of the said County,and him safely keep until he belegally discharged.Given under my hand and seal the I2th dayofSeptr.,1777. ARCHD.McCLEAN "To Benjamin Davis,"(SEAL)" "YORK COUNTY SS. "Pay the bearer hereof one pouud five shillings it being for the head ofone Dog Wolf it being satisfactory proven that he was killed in this County—given under My hand this 15 day ofNovember 1785.N.B.the wolfwas killed by \Vm.Carson. "To Mr.John H.\y,County T."ANDREW THOMPSON." "York Town August the loth 1778. "Reed,ofJohn Hay,Esq,,Sub.Lieut,one hundred and twelve Continental Muskets forthe use of partofmy Battalion ofYork County Militia,on an Indian Expedition,which Guns I promise toreturn,on their being discharged,or be ac- countable."PHILIP ALBRIGHT,L.Col.' "112 Muskets P." This expedition was to Washington county,Pa.,then a part of Westmoreland county. "ToJohn Hay,Esq.,York Town, "Gbo GoTTER,Waggoner, 16Rifles,18 Muskets,10 Bayonets, 16Cartouch Boxes,13Tomahawks,16 Pouches and Homes, 20Canteens,25 Bayonets Belts,11 Camp Kettles. "Reed.19 Knapsacks." "Washington,Westmoreland County,Nov.4th,1779. "Sir:—The above is a list of Military Accoutrements delivered into yourcare, being part ofthose which Col.Albright drew from our storeand should have been returned when hecame back from the Stone—the bearer Geo.Cotter is herewith sent for them,ifany more has been given you,you will please todeliverthemalso. "I am yr Hble servant, "ToJ.Hay,Esq."CHAS.LUKENS,C.M.S." From Vol.16 Colonial Records 42j: "Philadelphia,Aug.13,1790.—Ordergranted to be charged toWestmoreland county,to John Laird for68 days'service of a wagon,four horsesand a driver for the use of Col.Albright's battalion of York County Militia in October,1778,by which a balance of £j i8s.appears to be due thesaidJohn Laird." "Mr.Dowdle "Sir:—We can not get Waggones here to go to York therefore please to find us quick as you can what Shoe and Leather you raaj'have ready,please to desire John Hay Esq.,to send us the arms and accoutrements we sent him,which we understand is not wanting there.I am yr Humble Sevt. L.ANDREW LENG. May3d 1781. "Sir:—The bearer hereofwill deliver to your care three hundred weight of pow- 532 UNPUBUSHED REVOI.UTIONARY PAPERS. der,three hundred weight oflead and twothousand flints—which you'll please to take in chargeof for me—and you'll oblige Your Hble Servt. "To Mr.George ST.\ke YorkTown."CHRISTOPHER HAYS. "War Office,Philadelphia,July 23,1778. "To Lt.Col.John Hay at Yorktown, "This board having received from General Reed such information respecting Capt.Charles Plarrison,a prisoner ofwar inYork-Town goal,asconvinces them he may be released from confinement on parole;you are desired toapply,imme- diately on the receipt hereof,to the keeper of said goal and demand therelease of said Harrison,and after he has signed the inclosed parole,(whichyou willsafely keep)you will give him a pass to come tothisCity,where,upon,application to Col.Nichola the Town Mayor,he will receive the further ordersofthis board. Inclosed also isanorder on the goaler for the delivery of Capt.Harrison. I am sir Your obed't servant TIM PICKERING, By Order ofthe Board." NOTE 50. John Adams'Unwarranted Attack on the Patriot- ism of the York County Germans During the Revolution. A Reply;TheirVindication by the Records.The "Dutch" County of York Furnished More Soldiers and Lost More Men Than any Other District OF Its Population in the Revo- lution. THE Continental Congress,held its sessions here (Yorktown) in the old Court House,from September 30,1777,to June 27,1778.John Adams attended here as a member until November 12,1777.He wroteto his wife Abigail, from York,under date of October 28,1777: "The people ofthis country are mostly Germans,who have schools in their own language,as well as prayers,psalms and sermons,so that multitudes are born, grow up and die here,without ever learning the English.In politicsthey area breed ofmongrels or neutrals,and benumbed with a general torpor.If the people in Pennsylvania,Maryland,Delaware and Jersey had the feeling and spirit of some people I know,Howe couldsoon be ensnared in a trap more fatal than that in which,asit issaid,Burgoyne wastaken." This unjust reflection on our German progenitors shall not go down to history unchallenged. The charge of political indifference and atrophy against the Germans of this county is disproved by the fact that they were ever tenacious of their rights,and when once clothed with political privileges were ever ready to exercise and defend them.They thwarted every attempt to interfere with the elective franchise and throttle the right of suifrage.At the elections in Yorktown in 1749 and 1750,when the Irish were detected in the commission of election frauds,the Germans vigorously resented the wrong,and 534 YORK COUNTY GERMANS I.IBELED. in the riots that ensued the former were routed "horse,foot and dragoons." ' The orderly administration ofpublic affairs in this community evinced their ofi&cial integrity and the great care and vigilance exercised in the selections of their public officials. They were not a generation of serfs,but of freemen;they stood upon the rock of principle,preserved inviolate the cardinal tenets of their faith,and trampled upon corruption wherever it showed its hateful front.When they had attained supremacy,they were not bigoted persecutors,nor did they abuse their power by hanging Quakers,and helpless old women as witches,in the true New England style." When the grievances of the American Colonies became so acute as to lead to an estrangement with Great Britain,eventuating in armed coercion at Boston,committees of correspondence,to gauge the feelings andsentiments of the people,were formed throughout the Colonies.The inhabitants of Boston appealed for aid from their fellow Americans,and received a most sympathetic response. In consequence,on June 25,1774,the citizensof Yorktown met with Michael Swoope,Esq.,(a German descendant)in the chair, and agreed to call a county meeting,to be held at the court house on the following fourth ofJuly,at which a committee of thirteen persons was appointed for York. For the purpose of taking concerted action,and appointing depxities to a Colonial Congress,a Provincial Meetingof the Prov- ince was held at Philadelphia on the 15th of July,1774,at which appeared three deputies from York county. At an election by the inhabitants of York county,December 16, 1774,a committee of fifty citizens on Intercolonial Correspondence and Observation was chosen,twenty-five of whom were Pennsyl- vania Germans.At the request of the Philadelphia Committee of Correspondence,a Provincial Convention was held in that city on the 22nd ofJanuary,1775,at which seven delegates attended from this county.On April 13,1775,the York County Committee of Correspondence sent to the Committee of Boston,forthe alleviation of its patriotic,but distressed,inhabitants the sum of ^246-6-10. Of this liberal and patriotic donation Mr.Adams must have had YORK COUNTY GERMANS I.IBEI.ED.535 cognizance,and it could not have been absent from his recollection when he penned the libel. The aspersions upon the patriotism of the York county Ger- mans is furtherconfuted by the fact,that Captain Michael Doudle's company from Yorktown was the first company,south and west of the Hudson,to cross that river to rally to the assistance of the American troops in front of Boston,July,1775.' In a letter from the Committee of Safety,dated Philadelphia, 29th of September,1775,to the Committee of York County ac- knowledging the return of the officers ofthe association,it is said: "The spiiited and firm behaviorofthe inhabitantsof York county in support of the righteous cause in which America is embarked,hasthe full approbation ofthe Committee ofSafety and merits theirjustesteem." The accusation that our German ancestors during the Revolu- tion were "betuimbed with a general torpor"is further refuted by the fact that there were nearly 4,000 organized militia in York county as early as the fall of 1775,and by the numerousbattalions sent from this county to the front,and theirdistinguished services in the field during the entire war of the Revolution."In battle they were known for their indomitable courage and inflexible tenacity. Thomas Hartley,'*a most valiant and distinguished Colonel in that war from Yorktown,a member of Congress from York from 1789 to 1800,and a Major General of the Pennsylvania Militia, wrote from Yorktown,under date of March 17,1779,to His Ex- cellency Jos.Reed,Esq.,President of Pennsylvania,as follows: "Upon my arrival here 1 foundmany of the inhabitants much dissatisiJed with the Determii:ation of the Council concerning the York Election.They thought it hard that a Majority ofthe Electors should be deprived of a Representative in Council for years. "They knewthat they hadbeenas patriotic as any;that the York District had armedthe first in Pennsylvania,and had furnished more men for the warand lost a greaternumber ofmen in it than any other Districtonthe Continentofthe same number of Inhabitants.At Fort Washington only,they lost 300 men,not 50 of which have ever returned.Their distressed Parents and Widows daily evince the melancholy truth."* G.W.P.Custis relates in his "Recollections "the thrilling an- ecdote of Washington,who sent for Colonel Hartley,in the midst of an engagement,to say,that he found it necessary to sacrifice a 536 YORK COUNTY GERMANS LIBEI.ED. part of his army in order to save the whole,and as he knew him well,and commanded a fine regiment of Germans from York and Lancaster counties,he had selected him to perform this important and serious duty.Washington finished the command by saying: "You take such a position and defend it to the last extremity." The reply was:"Your Excellency does me too much honor ; your order shall be obeyed to the letter." In the York Moravian Church Records'made by Pastor Neissor, under date of July 17,1776,appears the following entry : "Yorktown seems quite deserted on account ofthe departure of all men under fifty yearsofage.Thusonly the old brethren and sisters will be left.Several of our people,because the town has been so emptied,have in additiontoseveral other persons,been elected as members of the Committeead interim,with a guard given themday and night,inorder to maintainpeaceand order,and give security against the plots ofthe Tories.Allbusiness and every occupation are prostrated, all shops are closed.How many prayers and tears will now be brought before the Lord,by parents for their children,by children for their parents,by wives for their husbands." Pastor Neissor previously recorded,May 31,1775: "Up to the present timethis place hasbeen comparatively quiet,with the ex- ception,that three companies have been formed,and areactively engaged in drill- ing,so as to becomeaccustomed to the use of arms." Under date ofJuly 5,1775.—"To-day prayers were publicly offered up in behalf of the American Colonies." "July I,1775.—This afternoon a company of 100 men of this town left for the American army in New England,with the ringing of bells,aftera sermon had been preachedtothem by the Presbyterian minister on thetext i Samuel x.12,in which they were exhorted to keep Godbefore their eyes during their expedition, and then they could be assured of His protectionand guidance;otherwise this would not bethecase.' ' This was Captain Michael Doudle's company ofriflemen.- Greydon,in his "Memoirs of his Own Times,"says on page 107: "I cannot take my formal leave of York,before mentioning that I visited it again when Congress held their session there,in the year 177S.Fiveyears had produced considerable change in respect to the inhabitants of the town.The young men I had been acquainted with had been generally in the army,and were considerablydispersed.' ' NOTE 51. (PAGE 183.) The Continental Congress at York. Its Arrival at York.—Occurrences and Proceedings.— Congressman Ellery's Ride from Massachusetts TO York in 1777. "Eventsare nowoccurring towardtheclose of the year 1777,which conspired to bring into conspicuous prominence the town ofYork,and make it for a time the capital of the now independentstatesofAmerica.The Continental Congress was in session here for nine months,and its proceedings were of great importance, while the occurrences during its sitting were of intense interest.Information gleaned from various sources shoiv how much ofanxiety was centered here,and how the salvation of thecountry depended on the wisdom for which that Congress is noted.The advance of Sir William Howe on Philadelphia brought the Con- gressto York."' On the 23rd of August,1777,John Adams wrote from Philadel- phia: "It is now no longerasecret where Mr.Howe'sfleet is;we have authentic in- telligence that it is arrived at the headof the Chesapeake Bay,above the river Patapsico,upon which the town of Baltimore stands.We have called outthe militia of Virginia,Maryland,Delaware and Pennsylvania to oppose him,and Gen.Washington is handy enough tomeet him." And on the 26th : "Howe's army,at least about five thousand ofthem,besides his light horse,are landed upon the banks of the Elk river.The militia are turning out with great alacrity both in Maryland and Pennsylvania.They are distressed for want of arms.Many have none,others have only little fowling pieces." And on the 29th: "The militia of four states are turning out with much alacrity and cheerful spirits." And on September 2 : "Washington has a great body ofmilitiaassembled and assembling,in addition to a grand continental army." On the nth of September,1777,occurred the great battle fought 1Gibson'sHistory ofYork Couuty. 538 CONTINENTAL CONGRESS AT YORK. upon the bloody field of Brandywine.John Adams wrote on the 14th of September: "Mr.Howe's army is at Chester,about fifteen miles from this town.Gen. Washington is over the Schuylkill,awaiting to flank Mr.Howe's army.How much longer Congress will stay is uncertain.If we should move it will be to Reading,Lancaster,York,Easton or Bethlehem,some town in this state.Don't be anxious about me,nor about our great and sacred cause.It is the causeof truth and will prevail.IfHowe gets the city itwill costhim all his force to hold it,aud sohe can get nothing else." On the 14th of September,Congress resolved to leave Philadel- phia and meet at Lancaster on the 27th.They were in session in Philadelphia on the i8th of September,and had adjourned for the day.During the evening word came that the enemy would be in Philadelphia before the next morning.The members assembled at Lancaster under a resolution adopted the 14th.They met at Lancaster on the 27th,the day the city of Philadelphia was occu- pied by Gen.Howe;but they resolved that "the Susquehanna should flow between them and the enemy,"and on the same day adjourned to York.They met in the old court house in Centre Square on the 30th of September,1777,and continued in session here until the 27th otJune,1778. Congress sat with closed doors.The most important act of leg- islation here was the final passage,after repeated and long debates, ofthe Articles of Confederation. Hon.Wm.Ellery's Ride from Massachusetts to the Con- tinental Congress at York in 1777.Extacts from Graphic Descriptions of HisJourney. The Honorable William EHery,a signer of the Declaration of Independence from Rhode Island,mounted on his horse,saddle bagged,booted and spurred,wearing the cocked hat,the full skirted coat,long waistcoat and the small clothes of the period, left Dighton,Massachusetts,on the 20th of October,1777,and rode four hundred and fifty miles to attend to his duties asa mem- ber of the Continental Congress then in session here.He was ac- companied by his son-in-law,the Honorable Francis Dana,a mem- ber of Congress,from Massachusetts,with a man-servant riding soberly behind them.His diary is replete with interesting inci- CONTINENTAL CONGRESS AT YORK.539 dents of the journey,and graphically depicts the rural manners and customs ofone hundred and twenty years ago. vTThK OF LEXINGTON In their long journey the principal diet was "Beefsteak and Grogg."Near the Hudson River he says: "We were u.'shered into a room where there was agood fire,drank a dishofTea, and were entertained during the great partofthe Evening with the music ofthe Spinning-wheel and wool-cards,and the sound of the shoemaker's hammer;for Adriance had his shoemaker's bench,his wife hergreat wheel and their girl her wool-card in the room where we sat." John Hancock and His Retinue. "On our way to the Fishkill Ferry we met President John Hancock in a sulkey, escorted by one ofhis Secretariesand two or three other gentlemen,and one light horse-man (returning from Congressat Yorktown ).This escort surprised us as it seemed inadequate to the purpose either ofdefense or parade.But our surprise 540 CONTINENTAL CONGRESS AT YORK. was not of long continuance;for we had not rode far before wemetsix or eight Light horse-men on the canter,and just as we reachedthe Ferrya boatarrived with many more—all making-up the escort ofPresident Hancock.Who would not be a great man?I verily believe that the President as he passedthrough the Country thus escorted,feels a more triumphant satisfaction thanthe Colonel of the Queens Regiment ofLight Dragoons attended by his whole army andescort of athousand Militia." President Hancock took leave of Congress at York,October 29, 1777. His Observations of Bethlehem. "Nov.loth.—Breakfasted at Carr's,and rode 12 miles to Easton,where we baited.We passed the Delaware with Genl.Fermoy without making ourselves known to him.From Easton we rode in rain to Bethlehem for the sake of good accommodation and wereinvited by Mr.Edwine,one of the Ministers of the Mo- ravian Society who had been so kindas toshow me the public buildings when I was at Bethlehem the lastJune.When Congress were here ou their way to York they ordered that the Houseofthe single women should not be occupied by the Soldiery or in any way puttothe use ofthe Army;and that as little disturbance as possible shouldbe given to this peaceful Society,which Mr.Edwinetook notice of with great gratitude.—A number ofsick and wounded were here,(one of those invalids was Lafayette,who was wounded at the battle of Brandysvine,Sept.11 , andwas taken to Bethlehem inthe carriage ofHenry Laurens on the removal of Congress.Pulaski afterward visited LafayetteatBethlehem,andwassubsequently presented with a banner by the Moravian Sisterhood,—an incident well known through an early poem of Longfellow).A considerable quantity of baggage and Guards;—and a numberofLight-Horse were at Nazareth,feeding on the hay and grain of the Society,which I found was disagreeable;but at the same time per- ceived that theydid not choose to complain much lesttheir complaints should be thought to proceed not so much from the sufferings as from adislike to theAmeri- can Cause.This people,like the Quakers are principledagainst bearing Arms; butthey are unlikethem in this respect,thej-are notagainst paying such taxes as Government may order them to pay towards carrying on War,and do not,Ibe- lieve,in a sly underhand way aid and assist the Enemy while they cry Peace, Peace,asthe manner of some Quakers is,nottoimpeach the whole body ofthem. "Nov.nth.—Continued at Bethlehem,the weather being very cold and the wind high,and our horses wanting rest,and to have their shoes repaired.Fared exceedingly well,drank excellent Maderia,and fine green tea,and ate a variety of well-cooked food ofa good quality andlodged well." "Nov.I2th.—Baited at Snell's 9 miles,andate a tolerable veal cutlet.Snell is a good Whig." Then comes another picture of the discomfortsofa late autumnal journey : "Nov.I2th.—The fore partof this day was filled with snow squalls,which provedpeculiarly irksome to Mr.Dana's servant,whose Surtout was stolen from him the evening before at Johnston'sby some Soldier.The afternoon was com- .^%_20oen"5 ^_T.o CONTINENTAL CONGRESvS AT YORK.541 fortablebut the eve'ng was windy and exceedingly cold.The room in which we sat and lodged admitted the cold air at a thousand chinks,and our narrowbed had on it only a thin rug and one sheet.We went to bed almost completely dressed,but even that would not do.It was so cold that I could not sleep.What would I not have given to have been by my fire-side.I wished a thousand times that the Old-Fellow had our landlady.Our fellow lodgerssuffered as much aswe did,and ifthey hadread Tristam Shandy's chapter ofcurses,and had remembered itthey would have cursed her throughhiswholecatalogue ofcurses.Whatadded to the infamousnessof this tavern was the extreme squalidityofthe room,beds, and every utensil.1 will conclude mystor)'ofthis SinkofFilth andAbomination with a circumstance which,while it shows thatourdirty landlady had some idea of neatness,must excite a contemptuous smile.The table on which we were to breakfastwas so inexpressibly nasty that we begged she would put a clean napkin on it,to which this simplex munditlis objected that the coffeemightdirty the cloth.I intended to have finished here;but the avarice of this massof filth was as great as her sluttishness,—was so great that I cannot forbear noticing it.Not- withstanding we had nothing of her but a bitof a Hock ofpork,boiled a second time,and some bread and butter (we found ourowu tea and coffee)and hay and oats forourhorses;this Daughter of Lycurgus charged for Mr.Dana,my.selfand servant,thirty-eight shillings of lawful money." He Meets Samuel and John Adams. The next day Mr.Ellery met other eminent men,following in the steps of Hancock.The main work of the session being through,and military operations being almost closed by the ap- proach of winter,Samuel Adams had for the first time received leave of absence from Congress,while John Adams had been ap- pointed commissioner to France;and they journeyed homeward together : "Nov.13.—Met Mr.Samuel and Mr.John Adams about 9 miles from Levan's, and hard by a tavern.They turned back tothe Inn,where we chatted and ate bread and butter together.They were to my greatsorrow bound home.I could not but lament that Congress should be without theircouncils,and myselfwithout their conversation." But the journey of our Congressman is fast drawing to a close, and soon ends as follows : "Nov.14.—Crossed the Schuylkill dined at Miller's nearthe town ofEphrata al.die.{alii diciint alias)Dunkard's Town andlodged at Letitzalittle Moravian Settlement,where we lodged in Clover. "We lodged in Cabins about 3 feetwide,astraw bed wasat thebottom,a feather bed on that,sheets,a thin soft feather bedsupplied the place of blankets,anda neat calico coverlid covered all;and ourlodging room was kept warm during the nightby a neat earthenstovewhich in form resembled a case of Drawers." 542 CONTINENTAL CONGRESS AT YORK. "Nov,15.—Crossed Anderson's Ferry which is 17 milesfrom Letidz about noon, and in the afternoon reached Yorktownwhich is ten miles from the ferry,and so finished our journey offour hundred and fifty miles." So acute an observer and minute a recorder of events was cer- tain to record his impressions and observations while attending Congress here from November,1777,to June,1778.In the hope ofsecuring these the writer made inquiry of Mr.Ellery's descend- ants,and among the replieswas one from Miss Henrietta C.Ellery, of Newport,R.I.,in which she says: "Many of my grandfather's papers were destroyed by hisrequest." In the unfortunate conflagration,doubtless perished an all-im- portant diary of events,local and public,recorded while Congress deliberated in York—a record pregnant of historic value,and an irreparable loss. NOTE 52. (page 183.) President John Adams'Visit to York in 1800. From the York Recorder,June4,1800. "Thursday last the President of the United States,attended by his Secretary, Mr.Shaw,arrived here on his way to the Federal city.He was met on his ap- proach by the Cavalry comtnande.i by Lieut.[John]Fisher,and Capt [Philip] Gossler'sLight Infantry,and escorted to town,where he was received by the in- habitants,with ringingofbells,and other demonstrations ofrespect. "Next morning the Officers of the Corporation,accompaniedby a number of citizens,waited upon his Excellencyand presented the followingaddress; "'To His ExcEr,i,ENCY John Adams,Presidentof the United States. "'5/r.-—The Corporation and inhabitants ofthe Borough ofYork,begleave to express the pleasure they feelupon thearrival of the ChiefMagistrate oftheUnion. Your presencestrongly renews in our grateful remembrances,your many,faithful, and important public services;and while we are gratified with beholding you amongst us,permit us to express our grateful feelings,by a justly appreciating sense,of those virtues,that patriotism and integrity,which has rendered you a most distinguished blessing,and benefactor to yourcountry.—-As your public life has been so successfully devoted to the serviceof the American people,itisour fondest hope that Heaven may continue to add still more to the happinessand respectability to the Republic,which you have been so greatly instrumental in rearing. "'Acceptourwarmest wishes foryourpersonalwelfare and safe return. '"JOHN EDIE,ChiefBurgess.' "To which he returnedanansweras follows : "'To THE Corporation and Inhabitants of the Borough of York. "'Fellout Citizens:—I received with much satisfaction,this friendly address.In revisitingthe great Counties of Lancaster and York,after an interval of three and twenty years,I have not only received great plea.sure from the civilitiesofthepeo- ple,which have deserved my grateful acknowledgments—but a much higherde- light,from the various evidences oftheir happiness andprosperity.The multi- plication of inhabitants,the increase ofbuildings for utility,commerce,and orna- ment,and the extensive improvements of the soil haveeverywhere giventothe appearances aroundus,a polish in some measure,resembling those countrieswhere art,skill andindustry have been exhausted,in giving thehighest finishingsandthe cultivation of thelands for many hundred years. "'In return for your kind wishes,I pray for the confirmation and extension to you and your prosperity ofevery blessingyou enjoy. JOHN ADAMS.'" "Shortly afterwards the President proceeded on his journey,escorted by the same military corps which met him on hisarrival." NOTE 53. (PAGE )S3.) Major General Andrew Jackson. His Passage Through York in 1819. — He w^s Angry and Made the Air Sulphurous.—The Great Newspaper Controversy. From the York GazelleofFebruary6,182-/. "Id the Democratic Press ofPhiladelpliia,ofWednesday last,the editor makes a requestof Mr.Herbert,one of theSenators from the districtofYork and Adams, to inform the senate of thedeportment ofGen.Jackson,when he passed through the town of York,about ten years ago,on his waytoNew York,and thatifMr. Herbert is notacquainted with the facts,heshould make inquiryof the driver of the carriage inwhich the General entered York—ofthe landlord at whose tavern hestopped—and ofthe Gatekeeper ofthe bridgeover the(Susquehanna atColumbia. "We presume that Mr.Herbert will not be able tocomplywith the request.We remember very wellthe time when Gen.Jackson passed through this place.We know thedriver in whose sleigh he entered the town,and were among the crowd that went to the house where he stopped,tosee themilitary chieftain.Hewas here only about onehour,or long enough to procure a conveyance to proceed on hisjourney.During this time he was underthe constant observation of a large concourseof citizens,none ofwhom did we ever hear them say they sawanything improper in hisconduct;nordid we ever hearthat the landlordor the driver had reason to complain.From all that we heard,we are convinced that the tables ought to be turned,and that General Jackson,insteadofbeingthe party against whom cause exists for complaint,heisthe party thathas a right to complain—and that particularly againstthe driver in whose vehicleheentered town.This driver brought him 14 miles,for whichhe demanded,we do not remember the precise amount,but believe it was the enormous sum of FIFTY DOLLARS.Tothis the General objected,as he or any other man,who would not submit to extortion, ought to havedone.His objections were stated in a decorous manner,and totally free from thatexasperation,which such an unrighteous demand would have pro- ducedinalmost any other man.He wasofopinion the chargewas too high—but as he was a stranger,he would refer it to all gentlemen present,and if any one said it was nottoo much he wouldpay it,as he always was disposed to pay liber- ally forany service rendered him,but ratherthan be imposed on,with such prices for transportation,hewas somuchofasoldier,he would take his knapsack and march.Noneofthe gentlemen appealed to,wouldsay thatthesum demanded was fair,he finally paid the driver about half,being still more than twice what in justice,between manand man,it ought to have been. GEN.ANDREW JACKSON IN YORK.545 "There was arumor of something having occurred at the Cohimbia bridge,be- tween the General and the Gatekeeper.This has on inquiry turned out to be un- founded.A gentleman informed us he asked the Gatekeeper respecting the Gen- eral's crossing the bridge,and that the Gatekeeper told him there was nothing derogatoryin the deportment of the Gen.,but on the contrary he had beenas well treated by him aseverhehad been by any gentleman." "In the York Gazette of the i8th February,1819,none ofthe present editors being then concerned in its publication,we find GeneralJackson's arrival here noticed as follows : "'MAJOR GENERAL JACKSON, and suite arrived at this place on Sundayevening last,on his way toWest Point in New York.The General was in as nnich haste as if he had been pursuing Seminole Indians—hearrived here at seven o'clock at night,and pursued hisjour ney the same night as far as Lancaster.His suite wascomposed ofCol.Butler, Dr.Bronaugh,Capt.Young,Capt.Huston,Capt.Gall,Gen.Owens,Gen.Bryan, Col.Per\'aul,and Col.Mason.The General and his suite alighted at the house of R.Hamersly,and as soon asit was known thathewas in town,alarge concourse of citizens assembled to have a look at the Hero ofNew Orleans.The General we are told is a man of remarkably plain and easy manners,and that those who went to see him were much pleased with his frank and open manner in whichthey were received by him.'" The "Driver's"Reply. "From theDemocraticPress,Philadelphia. "CaruSLE,April 16,1827. "Mr.BiNNS:—The York Gazette having misrepresented an affair in which I was implicated,and which hasoccasioned some reflectionsagainst you,I shall tell you exactly how it was.Gen.Jackson on hisway through Pennsylvania,stopt at my house,which was twelve or thirteen miles from York.It was late in the evening,and the horses in thehack which broughthim seemed very tired and un- able to proceed any further.He and his suite were eleven in number,andtheir baggage seemed to be as heavy as themselves.The General saw asleigh in my yard,and insisted that I should hitch fourhorses intoit,and take him to York. I said it wasimpossible;thesleigh could not carry such a load.Atlast however I submitted to his entreaties against my better judgment.I put my horses into the sleigh and hired a sled to carry thebaggage.He promised to pay me well,but I was chiefly anxious to accomodate him.I shall notsay anything of his conduct at one of the taverns by the way,but state what concerns myself.We had not proceeded a mile until our sleigh broke,as I expected it would.We mended it a little,and set off again,but it was presently crushed to pieces.I then hired another sleigh.It was new and strong,but the snow wasdeep and soft,sothat therunners cut through tothe ground,and we gotalongheavily.When we were within about a mile of York thissecond sleigh brokedown,and we were obliged to travel a foot into the town,to Hamersley's,where we putup.The General then asked me what he had to pay.I considered a while,and as itwas an un- lucky trip altogether I concluded to bear partofthe loss and stated my charge at thirty dollars.He got instantly into a paroxysm of rage,using language unbe- 546 GEN.ANDREW JACKSON IN YORK. coming to be repeated here,or any where else—said among other thingsthat he had been imposed upon at Baltimore,and he would not suffer imposition to be practised upon him.I told him thirty dollarswould by no meanscover the loss, and ifhe did not choose to pay that I was content to take nothing. "Hehanded me twenty-fivedollars and I unreflectingly took it.Thisisall that I am sorry about.For one capable of such conduct I should not have accepted anything.I would not have said anything about it,had not the York Gazette at- tacked me in orderto vindicate the General against the imputations ofmeanness, whichthose who witnessed the affair naturally cast upon him. "I shall stateexactly what the lossinthiscase was: "Expense oftwo men and six horses,a day and night $6.75 "Turnpike tolls,goingand returning 3.00 "Hire paid for.sleigh and repairs of do 9.00 "Hire ofsled and horses 5.00 "I paid,a few weeksbefore,for my own sleigh which was broken beyond repairing,25.00 $48.75 "I do not publish this for anypolitical purposes,for I take no concern in poli- tics,but I am determined to vindicate myself against the charge of extortion. Where the York Gazette is kr.own,and where I am known I should feelno anxiety about their insinuatiocs;but I dont like to see their account ofthe business go abroad uncontradicted,when I have indisputaljle factsto prove the correctness of my charge."CORNELIUS GARRETSON, "Innkeeper,Carlisle,Pa." The Rejoinder. From the York GazetteofMay 75,/5.?/. "Aboutthree months ago,John Binns,editor ofthe Democratic Press said that the certificate of the driver who brought General Jackson into York in 1819,would give such an account ofthe General'sdeportment,asto turn the faceofevery man against him.In the Democratic Pre.ss of the slh inst.,it appears .somebody has obtained a statement of the driver,Cornelius Garretson,ofCarlisle.Thisstate- ment contains a reiteration ofthe malicious andunfounded insinuations which first appeared in the Press.But as Mr.Garretson has had a memory as tothe facts,his insinuations,unsupported by the testimonyof others,who according to his own account were present,will pass for just as much as they are worth,coming from the source they do.In his statement he says he asked,for conveying the General and his suite 30 dollars,and received only 25.In this he is contradicted bya per- son who assisted in the conveyance,andreceived part of the pay,whosays Garret- son demanded 50and received 30 dollars.He alsosays he broke a sleigh bej-oud repairing,which hevalued at 25 dollars.In this he is also contradictedby another person whostates that the sleigh was repaired,and that he rode in it himselfafter- wards;that it was a small and rather weak sleigh,cut still if it ha<i been under the care ofadriver who was not overanxious to make a display before the Gen- eral,the accident would not ha\-e happened—at the time everybody sung praises tothe General,and Mr.Garretson being determined to put his best foot foremost, GEN.ANDREW JACKSON IN YORK.547 drove with the fury ofa Jehu,having fourhorses in a sleigh which was better cal- culated forone,struck uponastone and broke one of therunners. "Mr.Garretson says—'I will say nothing of his conduct,at one of the taverns by the way.'And why not?Ifyou have anything to tell,come out with it.Is it too bad to tell?It mustbe bad ifhe would nottake it into his mouth.But we suspect that it is all amere 'figure of speech,'as the National Intelligencer calls, when detected,its fabrications.The in.sinuatiou is intended merely to create an impression that something monstrous happened,when in fact nothing did happen. Had anything taken place,upon which to found a tale of Calumny,which would wear the least appearance of probability,the lawyer who acted as pander to Mr. Binns,and who drew up the statement of Mr.Garretson,would have before this time broughtit out in a form as hideous as his distempered imagination and dis- position to exaggerate could have given to it. "Mr.Garretson says,'theGeneral,'at the house of Mr.Hammersly,in York, 'used language unbecoming to be used here or elsewhere.'The General,while at the house of Mr.Hammersly,wasconstantly surrounded by many ofthe citizens ofthis place;we enquired ofmany,and noneof them heard any unbecoming lan- guage from the General. "Mr.Garretsonsays,'Where he is known and wherethe YorkGazetteis known he should feel no anxiety about anyofits insinuations.'We are ledtobelieve he is about as incorrect in putting an estimate upon himself,as he has been in stating facts,from the circumstance,that outofa number of persons to whom he shewed his statement,none couldread his partof it,without laughing at the idea,thathe should impugnthe credit ofany oneno matter who it was." Robert Hammersly's Inn was located on the lot adjoining,on the south,the present Colonial Hotel.He was succeeded by Thomas McGrath,who afterwards moved his hostelry to the pres- ent Rupp corner.' NOTE 54. (PAGE 190.) State of the Accounts of John Hay,Esquire,late Sub-Lieutenant of York County. From the Time of His Appointment Under the Militia Law in March, 1777,To THE First of March,1780 In Which is Set Forth the Amount of the FinesReceivedWithinthat Period From Delinquents of the 2d and 3D Battalions,for Non-Performance of Militia Duty and Exercise : Together With the Lists Showing the Names of the Persons by Whom Payments Have Been Made,and the Sums Received From Them Respectively. Likewise the Disbursements Made by Him,and the Payments to the Treasury. PHILADELPHIA : Printed by ROBERT AITKEN,Three Doors Above the Coffee-House, in Market Street. MDCCLXXXIII. Sub-Lieutenant John Hay whose account is subjoined was the resident military'officer of York,from 1777 to 1788.He was afterwards commissioned Lieut.Col.The fines imposed for neglect of duty look very large,but they were in greatly depre- ciated Continental Currency.'These accounts throw a greal deal of light on the history of that momentous period.- JOHN HAY,EsouiRE,late Sub-LieutenantofYork County, To Militia Fines Received from the delinquents of five companies of the 2d battalion,i;t,2d,3d,4th,5th, 6th,7th and Sth classes,for non performance of militia duty per list No.i /44io 15 o Ditto from ditto,ofthe 3d battalion,ist,2d,3d,4th,5th, 6th,7th and Sth classes,for ditto,ditto,per list No.2,.4565 5 o Ditto,from sundry delinquentsofCol.Jamison's battalion for non-attendance on exercisedays,per list No.3 ....S4S 5 o £9824 5 o To Col.Richard McCallister,late Lieutenant,Received fromhim,said to beabalance 151 12 o Balancedue Col.Hay,equal to ^260 2 9 specie 2,353 13 6 ^12,329 II o 'Note 17.'Note34. YORK REVOLUTIONARY ACCOUNTS.549 Contra Cr. By Col.Richard McCallister,late Lieutenant, Paid him onaccount ofmilitiafinesreceived Mar.20,1778.^1,875 o o""""""""Apr.24,"412 lo oPaidWilliamScott,Esq.,Paymaster,perorderJul.3d,177S 862 100""""""Aug.20,"412 10 o "Sep.26,"337 10 o"""""""Feb.7,"2,125 o o"Oct 6,1779 175 7 oPaidhimselfonaccountoffines,Feb.9th,ditto 637 10 o/6,827 17 o By United States. Paid William M'Clean for hauling militia baggage,Feb. 20th,177S £7S 10 oPaidPeterJerkesfor9blankets,do.4th 9 00 Paid PeterLow forhauling militiabaggage,March 4th..54 o o Paid George Kann for hauling militia baggage,Feb.2d 66 o o Paid John Smeltzer foragunlostin theservice,Nov.1777,3 15 6 /211 56 6827 17 o Paid Cornelius Bark for apprehending deserters,Feb. 26th,177S 5 15 oPaidPhilipWaltingerforbuildingahutfortheprisoners at York-Town,Oct.15th,1777 i 60 Paid Robert Richie for warning the militia to march tocamp,Jan.27th,177S i 50PaidJohnSharmer,express,Dec.9th,1777 i 17 5 Paid G.Spangler,do after deserters,22d i 00 Paid Capt.Lauman for oil for theguard,and cartridges, ditto 22 o 14 9PaidA.Moore for making cartridges forthe guard over the prisoners.Mar.19th,1778 o 10 o Paid R.Millerfor woodfor the troops,do i 26 Paid Zacharias andSweitzer,expensesbringingdeserters,March 13th 4 100 Paid Lieut.Smith and Capt.Liggett for warning militia to march to camp,Apr.2d 2 10 o Paid ConradLimbachforhauling militia baggage,Apr.6th 115 100 Paid Lieut.Bushong for warning militia to march,and ridingexpress,April loth 2 80 Paid Daniel Callifan,expenses and for taking up de.ser- ters from the continental army,.April iSth 6 00 Paid Charles Metmeen for taking up a deserter,Apr.21st 600 Paid Marmaduke M'Clean fortwo ditto,April 23rd 12 00 Paid Capt.Shaver for one ditto,2Sth 6 10 o Paid John Donnell for two ditto.29th 12 00 Paid Abr.Reigas for one ditto.May 8th 6 00 Paid Moser and Maxwell forone do.9th 6 00 PaidJames Robinson for one do.do 6 00 Paid Robert Allison for onedo.do 6 00 PaidJeremiah Ferrile forone do.i6th 6 00 Paid Marmaduke McClean for one do.17th 6 00 PaidJohn M'Mellen for three ditto,23d 18 o o Paid Capt.HahnforwarningthemilitiatomarchMaynth o 10 o Paid Andrew Webb fortaking upadeserter 25th ditto...600 Paid Marmaduke M'Clean for one do.do 6 00£6,827 17 o £458 14 6 Paid Marmaduke M'Clean for taking up a deserter,May 30th,1778 600 550 YORK REVOLUTIONARY ACCOUNTS. Paid Barney Carney for one ditto,JuneSth 6 oo Paid George Duffield forone do.do.19th 6 00 Paid Henry Bachman for one do.23rd 6 00 Paid George Moore for making cartridges for the prison- ers guard,ditto o 50 Paid Joshua Williams for takingup adeserter,July gth. . 600 Paid Malachi Steehleyfor ditto Aug.5th 6 00 PaidJacob Smearly formaking irons,&c.,for the prison- ers of war June 15,1777 13 I5 o Paid Daniel Niel for retained forage,for hauling militia baggage,Nov.loth,1778 7 40 Paid Sergeant Robinson for taking up a deserter,Jan.nth,1779 600 Paid Benj.Marshall for one do.Feb.ist,do 6 o o PaidJohn Campbell for twodo.2d,do 12 00 Paid Philip Waggoner his payrollofa militiaguard,Feb- ruary 23,1780 454 10 o Paid John Boyd forhis expenceswith two prisoners,de- serters from Burgoyne'sarmy,September 2nd,17S0...15 o o Paid Capt.Godfrey Fry for warning themilitiatomarch,November 13th,1779 15 00 Paid John Hay for eight months rent ofa guard house, March ist,1780 14 15 o 1039 3 6 By Militia Expense. Paid 66substitutes hired inthe year 1778,toserveinthe militia,per account 2205 o o Paid sundry express on militia service,judges for their services at appeals,andother contingentcharges 93 '5 o Forhisown services as Sub-Lieutenant495 days,charged at 20S.per day 495 o o 2793 15 6 By Military Stores. Paid Andrew Hertzog for repairing arms 8199""11 .1 116 I 13 6""""o II 6 Paid Peter Wigle for repairing arms 7 59 Paid Michael Keller for 20 bayonet scabboards and 17 beltsdelivered Capt.Laumaa 16 40 Ditto Mathias Deter for a gun and baj'onet deliveied do..7 10 o DittoJacobWelshans for repairingarms 5 63 Ditto Andrew Hertzog for ditto 9179 Ditto Robert Ross,for hauling ditto 12 00£70 10 o ByThomas Hartley. Paid himon account for recruiting his Regiment,1778..750 o o ByWilliam Scott,Esq.,Lieutenant. Paid himon account ofexercise fines received from Col. Jamisons battalion 848 5 o ^12,329 II o LIST OF FINES RECEIVED BY JOHN HAY ESQ. CAPT.HERMAN'S COMPANY.|Second Class. First Class.Bemhard Holzable Conrad Isenhard, Ludwig-Mole,15 John Hogner,6 John Grove,M 1Andrew Hoke,37 IX) YORK REVOI^UTIONARY ACCOUNTS. Third Class. 552 YORK REVOLUTIONARY ACCOUNTS. Jacob Knab, MARKET STREET,YORK,WEST OF WATER,1830. r YORK REVOLUTIONARY ACCOUNTS.553 Seventh Class. 554 YORK REVOIvUTlONARY ACCOUNTS. I'hilip Spangler, YORK REVOLUTIONARY ACCOUNTS. Eighth NOTE 55. (page 193.) Generals Gates and Wilkinson. The Meeting to Fight a Duel at the "English Church," York. The account of this meeting of Gen.Gates is given by Gen. Wilkinson himself in his "Memoirs"in these words: "I immediately proceeded to Yorktown,where I purposelyarrived in the twi- light,to escape observation;there I found my early companion and friend Capt. Stoddert,recounted my wrongs to him,and requested himtobear a messageto Gen.Gates,whose manly profferofany satisfaction I might require,removed the difficulties which otherwise might have attended the application;he peremptorily refused me,remonstrated against my intention,and assurred me I was running headlong to destruction;but ruin had no terrors for an ardent young man,who prized hishonorathousand fold more than his life,and who was willing to hazard his eternal happiness in its defense.Pardon me,High Heaven,in pity to the frailties ofmy nature.Pardon me.Divine Author of mybeing,for yielding to the tyranny of fashion,the despotic prescription of honor,when I sought,by illicit means to vindicate the dignity of the creature,whom thou hast fashioned after thine own likeness;for the first time in our lives we parted with displeasure,and I accidently met with Lieut.-Col.Burgess Ball,of the Virginia line,whose spirit was as independent as his fortune,and hewillinglybecame my friend.By him I ad- dressed the following note to Gen.Gates,whichI find with date,though it was delivered the same evening (the 23d): "'I have discharged by duty to youandtomy conscience;meetme to-morrow morning behind the English Church,'and I will there stipulate the satisfaction whichyou havepromisedto grant.I am ''GENERAL GATES. ' Your most humbleservant JAMES WILKINSON. "The generalexpression ofthisbillet wascalculatedto preventunfairadvantages, for.although Gen.Gates had promised me satisfaction,I determined to avoid un- necessary exposition;and therefore Col.Ball was instructedtoadjustthe time, and circumstances,and made no difficulty about the arrangements.We were to meet at 8 o'clock with pistols,and without distance.We arose early the next morning,had put our arms in order,and wasjustaboutto repairtothe ground, when Capt.Stoddert called on me,and informed me Gen.Gates wished to speak with me.I expressed my astonishment and observed it was 'impossible !'He replied with much agitation,'for God's sakebe not always a fool,come along and GATES—WILKINSON QUARREL AT YORK.557 see him.'Struck with the manner of my friend,I inquired where the General was?He answered 'in the street near the door.'The surprise robbedme ofcir- cumspection;I requested Col.Ball to halt and followed Capt.Stoddert;I found Gen.Gates unarmed and alone,and was received with tenderness but manifest em- barra,ssment;he asked me to walk,turned into a back street and weproceededin silence till we passed the buildings,when he burst into tears took me bythe hand, and askedme how I could think he wished to injureme?I was too deeply affected to speak,and he relieved my embarrassment by continuing 'I injureyou?itis im- possible,I should as soon think of injuring my own child.'This language not only disarmed me,but awakened all my confidence,and all my tenderness;I was silent,and he added,'besides there was no cause for injuring you,as Conwayac- knowledged,in his letter,and has sincesaid much harder thingstoWashington's face.'Such language left me nothing to require;It was satisfactory beyond ex- pectation,and rendered me morethan content;I was flattered and pleased,and if a third person had doubted the sincerity ofthe explanation,I would have insulted him;a Idng conversation ensued,in which Lord Sterling's conduct was canvassed, and my purpose respecting him made known,and it was settled I should attend at the war office in my capacity of secretary a few days,and then have leave to visit the camp at Valley Forge,where Lord Sterling was. "I attended at the war office,and I think found there the honorable Judge Peters and Col.T.Pickering,but my reception from the President,Gen.Gates, did not correspond with his recent professions;he was civil but barely so,and I was at a loss to account forhis coldness,yet had no suspicion ofhis insincerity." It is related by Mr.Dunlap,in his History of New York upon the authority,it is presumed,of the late Gen.Morgan Lewis,that a day had been appointed by the "Cabal"in Congress for one of them to move for a committee to proceed to the Camp at Valley Forge to arrest Gen.Washington,and that the motion would have succeeded had they not unexpectedly lost their majority which they possessed when the measure was determined on. NOTE 56. The Funeral Obsequies in York upon the Death of General Lafayette. From the Pennsylvania Republican,York,ofJune zsth,1834. "The citizens convened atthe Court House on the 21st inst.Jacob Einmettwas elected Pres.,Philip Smj'serand Martin Ebert,Vice Pres.,and George A.Barnitz and Samuel Small,Secretaries.Appropriate resolutions were passed deploring the demise of Gen.Lafayette.It was agreed that the funeral procession be held on ThursdayJune 26th with the following Marshalls: "Chief Marshall,Maj.Jacob Emmitt,assistant Marshalls,JacobBarnitz,John Hay,Gen.Michael Doudel and Philip Smyser. "The Committee on arrangementsappointed were : "Captains Jacob Upp,Alexander H.Barnitz,George Hayand Samuel E.Clem ent,Lieutenants Jos.Garretson and John Evans,Capt.John Hay,Thomas C Hambly,Gen.Doudel,Maj.Hautz,Capt.John McCnrdy,Thomas Kelly,Geo, Minnich,Jacob Barnitz,G.S.Morris,Jacob Bailer,Israel Gartner,Robt.J.Fisher John Deniuth,Jr.,SamuelSmall,Dr.Patterson,J.S.Connellee,T.Baumgardner Col.Michael H.Spangler." Pennsylvania Republican,July2,1S34. "On Thursday last thecitizens of this borough and ofthe surrounding country assembled,according to previously published arrangements,to paythe last sad tribute to the memory of General Lafayette.It was a day of more imposingand solemn pomp than theborough ofYork has witnessed since thesame sad duty was performed in memory of ourdear dep<rted Washington.It was creditabletothe generous character and grateful feelingsofour citizens,and honorable to the de- parted hero whose death gave occasion to the mournful pageant.We have never seen a procession of any descriptioninan inlandtown that could bear a compari- son with it. "At twelve o'clock the military formed at the Academy and marched underthe command of Col.Jacob Barnitz into Main St.,where the rest ofthe procession was formed under the command ofa Grand Marshall and his aids,—and after wheeling into line in front of the Hotel,which was the supposedhouse of mourning and where all our Revolutionary worthies hadassembled the salute was passed,as a coffin covered with black cloth,and placed upon a bier,attended bythe pall- bearers,was slowly and solemnly borne along the line.It was then placed in a hearse properly prepared for the occasion,and drawn by fourblack horses,ledby four grooms,properly equipt,followed by a large gray horse,caparisoned with boots and housings,and sword and coat.The military from the salute,wheeled into column—the left on the right—the right on the extreme left and the com- GEN.LAFAYETTE'S FUNERAL AT YORK.559 inanding officers walkingwith reversed swords,after theircompanies on the right reversed,forming an entire and very handsonie military escort." The following was the order of procession : "Chief Marshall, Committee ofArrangements, with the Rev S.Boyer, Military with the Band and Martial music in the Centre, Reverend Clergy,Medical Facult}',Hearse with four Black Horses led by four grooms in black with whitesashes. A Gray Horse, Suitably Caparisoned,led by twoGrooms. Soldiers of the Revolution, Volunteerswho were at the BattleofNorth Point, Field and Staff officersof the 5th Division Militia in Full Uniform,Burgesses and Borough Officers,Commissioners and other County Officers.Members of the General and State Legislatures,Judges,Sheriffand Officersofthe Courts, Members of the Bar,Officers of the Codorus Navigation,Fire Com- panies according to the date of formation.The Professors and the studentsof the Theological Seminary,Professors andthe students of the Academy and Schools,Citizens." The Peculiar and Mortifying Lafayette Funeral Proces- sion IN Philadelphia. From the Philadelphia Independent DemocratofJuly 27,/c'vj./, "As we predicted last week it would,this affair turn out to be a total failure. Our reasons forsupposingitwould,and the reason why it did soeventuate,arenot necessary to be given at present,but that such was the fact,none will deny. Amongthe many mortifying incidents connected with this display,none was worse than the burlesque doings of our military.This fete was intended as a funeral procession,in honor oftheobsequies ofa great and good man,a benefactor ofthis country,particularly a benefactor to thecivilized world,and anhonor tohumanity: but how was it conducted?Will it be believed when we say that themilitary marched with the right infront,thatthe infantry were at a carry,with bayonets fixed,and that they marched at quick time?So reckless of military propriety were the officers of the division that the music was permitted to play the most lively airs they could think of.Amongothers ofasimilarcast we recollectthat of 'Malbrook"—'Go to the Devil and Shake Yourself'and divers others equally unappropriate.The few firemen who were out,asusual acquitted themselveswith great propriety,and made a handsome appearance.Having said that,we have said all that can be said in commendation ofthis solemn mockery." NOTE 57. (page 204.) Old Time Advertisements,Communications and Notices of Important Local Events. From thePennsylvania Herald and York Advertiser ofi•/()/. "WILLIAM NES "Respectfully informs his Friends andthe Publicin General that he removed to his House on the S.West CornerofHighand Water Streets,formerly occupied by Messers.Harris and Donaldson. "Where he has opened a very General and well chosen "Assortmentof Merchandise consisting of Dry Goods,Groceries,Hardware,Cutlery,and almost everyarticle commonly kept for sale in a Retail Dryand Wet Good Store :And which he assures thepublicwill beSold at the very lowest prices for cash,or Merchantable country produce. "William Nes is very thankful for the generous supportinbusiness,he has hith- erto experienced from his numerous customers,and respectfullysolicits a continu- ance ofthese favors,todeserve which,no exertion on his part shall be wanting. "York June 6,1797." Here is another,after which John Wanamaker,doubtless,pat- terned as to variety. "JACOB HAHN "Respectfully informs the public that he has opened in thehouselately occupied by Michael Hahn Esq.deceased "A large and general Assortmentof "DRY GOODS AND GROCERIES Amongst which are a quantity ofsuperfine and Country Bolting Cloths,warranted; as also Bar,Nail and Sheet Iron,Stoves,Anvils,Vices,Crowley and Blister Steel, and a number of other articles toonumerous to insert in an advertisement.He is convinced from the manner they were laid in,that they can be sold upon terms very advantageous to the purchaser:—He will take in payment Cash,Bonds or Notes upon punctual men,merchantable Country Produce,or allow the customary Credit. "N.B.He also buys and sells Wheat,Rye,Corn,Oats,Flour,Shorts,and Bran. "York,Sept.20,1791." OLD TIME ADVERTISEMENTS AND NOTICES.561 "HUMES AND PEIRKINS at their Chairand Spinning Wheel Manufactory Between the Sign ofthe Indian Queen And the Sign of the King of Prussia In High Street in the Borough of York June 12 1793. From the Pennsylvania Herald and York GeneralAdvertiser. "YoRKTowN,1789. "Now in Pressand Will Be Speedily Published, THE SHORTER CATECHISM, Or A Directory for Catechising SuchasAre ofa Weak Capacity." From the Pennsylvania Herald and York Advertiser,lySg. "FOOD FOR MIND AND SOUL. "To be sold by Thomas Dobbins,atthe Ship Tavern,near the Bridge. "Food for a Pious Mindor Physic for a Sick Soul, "Being a collection of visions,trances,&c.,by sundry persons and at sundry times,some of whom saw the state of the blessed in Heaven and the horrors of darkness.To which are added a wonderful caseofDiabolical Possession,being a narration of George Lukens,of Yatton,in England,whowas possessed with evil spirits for near 18 years,andan accountofhisremarkable deliverance inthe vestry room of Temple Church,in the City ofBristol,by prayer and adjuration ofseven ministers.Alsoan accountofa ghost orapparition of one deceased friend appear- ing to another,warning him ofthe time he should die,and to prepare for it,which actually came to pass.The whole collected and published forthe purpose ofim- pressing on youth and others an awful love forthe divine andbeneficial Creator. May behadat mostofthe principal storesin town,andat the printing office. 'Said Dobbins has likewise for sale,weaver's,farmer's,miller's,and other brushes,best scented pomatum,shining black ball and ink powder.Thesaid articles,he will engage to be equal to any imported.He gives a generousprice in cash,for hog's bristles. 'He has also for sale Cephalic,or head-achesnufF,eye-water,which curesin- flamed or sore eyes,and helps the sight much,Aqua Mirabilis,orthe wonderful Anti-Scorbutic water,which,by washing the partsaffected,cures,eradically,all kinds of ulcers,warts,tetters,ring worms,theitch,orevenacancer—toothache drops,which inan instantcuresthe most violent toothache. "NO CURE,NO PAY. "Thomas Dobbins,—formerly a haberdasher of monosyllables,and student in theschool ofadversity. "York,April 7,1789." Other York Items of Interest of a Century Ago. "YORK county ACADEMY LOTTERY. "The York County Academy Lottety,which commenced DrawingonTuesday the 2ist inst.is postponed forsome time longer,in orderthat the managersmay 562 OI.D TIME ADVERTISEMENTS AND NOTICES. have an opportunity of disposing of the tickets which remain in their hands un- sold.There was but fifty Tickets drawn,/>^;V/rc?/of which were prizes:viz:one of eight Dollars,and twelve of two Dollars each.Adventurerswill now stand a much better chance than before,as all the high prizes are in the wheel,and in proportion to the number of Prizes drawn,the Blanks were nearly four to one. Tickets warrantedundrawn,may be hadofthe Managersasusual. "June 21,1791." "A WRONGED AND INDIGNANT WIFE RECRIMINATES. "Whereas myhusband Adam Myrise,by an advertisement in the York General Advertiser,hathcautioned all persons from creditingme on his account,as I have COMING TO TOWN TO M.4RRY IN D.\YS OF OLD.(Old Print.) acteddishonorably in leaving his bed and board etc.It now appears to be a day ofdistress with many ofour married females,the newspaper is generally made the vehicle to expose their names,when the fault is chiefly the husbands;how much this maybe mycase I leave the publictojudge from his conduct,for by his lazy- ness,sloth,indolence,and staying from home without providing the necessary substance,obliged me to go out and work amongmy friends,fortoget a morsel of bread for myselfand my helpless infant;at which period he happened to come home,and not finding me in the house,immediatelj'locked the door,put upad- vertisements at all the taverns,and sent a copy ofit to the Printer,to expose me in anewspaper,lest,as he says,I mightrun him in debt,when he well knows he would not be trusted to the value ofa six-pence in the whole neighborhood.Yet, notwithstanding all this,would he forsake his licentious way of living,and return to hisduty,my disconsolate and tender heart would forgive him,and I am still, though unfortunately for me,his wife:In the meantime I caution all persons from trusting him on my account,while we continue to live separately. "Germany township,York county,Sept.20,1791.LOVE MYRISE." OLD TIME ADVERTISEMENTS AND NOTICES.563 "GEN.WAYNE IN YORK. "York,February3 1796. "On Monday Evening last,Gen.Wayne arrived in this place on his way from the Westward to Philadelphia.Soon after his arrival he waswaited on by the Members of the Corporation,and other respectable Inhabitantsof the Borough, and at their request consented to stay and spend the next daywith them.A pub- lic Dinner was provided at Col.Steels Tavern,and many Federal and Patriotic Toasts weregiven at the occasion." "SIX DOLLARS REWARD. "Ran Awayon Sunday the 25th instant,an indentedServant Man Francis Henry Fose,born in Germany,about 20 years of age,5 feet6inches high,stoop shoul- dered.He had on when he went away,a coarse fustian coatee,ajean jacket, striped cotton overalls and a high crowned hat,worsted stockings,halfworn shoes with round covered buckles;he also took with him a blue sailors jacket,a pair of good buckskin breeches and a fine homespunlinen shirt. "Whoever secures said servant,so that his master may have him again,shall have the above reward,and reasonable charges ifbrought home. "York Township,Sept.3 1792.PHILIP ALBRIGHT." "SIX CENTS REWARD. "Ran away from the subscriber in the Borough of York an Apprentice Lad, named Abraham Sitler,(by trade a hatter)about 5 feet 4 or 5incheshigh—had on and took with him,two pairsof Nankeen overalls,one nankeen jacket,and one cassiuiere do,an old blue coat and a halfworn felt hat.Whoever takes up said Apprentice,and brings him to his master shall have the above reward;but no chargespaid.JESSE SPANGLER. "Oct 10,1797." "CONTROVERSY OR WRITTEN DISPUTE. "Which look place in Hanover Town,York County in the year 1793 between "A LUTHERAN MINISTER "And a numberofpoor "TRADESMEN "Who hold the Doctrineof Universal Salvation. "This curious book may be hadofAndrew Billmeyer Esq.:Mr.John Greenand Mr.John MorrisEsq.,atthe westsideofthe Bridge,York-Town:Mr.John Holler Botts-Town:Mr.George Smith,Messrs.Paul and Jacob Metzgar,Mr.Mathias Nace,Mr.David Newcomer,Mr.Jacob Boseand Mr.James Bolton,Hanover,Mc- Allister'sTown. "York-Town December 25 1793." "OFFICE OF INTELLIGENCE. "The Subscriber proposes athis House,Sign of the Lion,Beaver Street,in the Borough ofYork toopen an Officeofhitelligence,where he will endeavor to pro- cure Money on Loan:Will give information to such as want to dispose of Bonds, Notes and otherproperty,where and how they may dispose thereof to thebest ad- vantage;Also such as wish todispose ofReal Estates,may hearofPurchasers. 564 OLD TIME ADVERTISEMENTS AMD NOTICES. "Horses for sale kept at his stable on the most moderate termstothe owner, and sale madethereofwith the utmost expedience.By application,persons,male or female,wanting placesmay hear ofemployment.He will procure intelligence of Stray Cattle,and Horses forthose who may have their creatures either strayed or stolen etc.etc.All the above he engages to perform on the most moderate terms,andthe profoundestsecrecy."ROBERT WILSON. "York Borough Dec.i6 1793." "CAUTION. "Whereas the subscriber hassold his hou.seand moveables with an intentionto go to Virginia,and his Wife not being willing to go with him:He therefore cau- tionsall persons crediting her on his account,as he isdetermined not to pay any ofher contracts from this date.JOHN KLEINFELTER. "York,April 7,179S." "INFANTRY COMPANY. "York,Blay 30,1798, "On Monday last about 3 o'clock a subscription was handed about in order to form an infantry company,in support of the Government—andat7 o'clock 41 young Gentlemen had subscribed,when they beat the Buckskin march and chose theirofficers:Philip Gosler Captain,Daniel Lauman Lieutenant,John Hay,Juu., Ensign. "Once more a spiritfamiliartothat which prevailed in 1775 begins to appear." "JUST PUBLISHED. By Mr.William Hamilton, Lancaster, And for sale at this office, Timoth}'Sullivan, Epitaphs,Odes,etc., consistingof Epitaphs on Thomas Paiue and on Henry Moore, Expostulating odesand epistlesto Timothy Sullivan,to J—R— and to theDevil,respecting the shadeofthe Infidel Paine; with numerous other miscellaneous articles. "Yorktown 179S." "PETER BOTT WRITES. "Mr.Jacob Dietz I thank you vari kindly for the Faivor you Don me fjr collect the tax I alwais had respect for you and thought you was a man of Brinsable bud I now see that you have no more Brinsable than Drunken John Fisher or els you wood nod servt meas3'ou did for I think I sest the tax as onnest as Eny Sessor in the County and I think you did nod serve one the way you Didme and I Dond no wod you don it for only for party work an pollysi for I wood beable to collect the tax aswell as Caspar Loucks all I dohave nothing again Louckshe isa more Brin- sebler man than you and I will inshure you thatyou never gid 20wods no more in ourtownship fornooffis no more at bresend Bud your respectful friend. "York,April 16,1833.PETER BOTT." CAMP LAFAYETTE,YORK,PA.,1841 NOTE 58. (PAGE 206.) Camp La Fayette,York,Pa,1841. From the U.S.Military Gazette,1S41. "York,Pa.,August31st,1841."On Monday the 22nd inst.,thetroops commenced coming intocamp andby twelve o'clock several were already encamped.The ground was well chosen,be- ing a fine level field [the Conmions]with the handsome littletown ofYork imme- diately in the rear.Through the untiring exertions of Quarter Master Bumgard- ner and Captain George Hay,everything was made ready and comfortable for the companies as theycame in.Wood,straw and excellent water were on the ground—there was a profusion ofeverything necessary for the soldiers'comfort.About two o'clock P.M.the troops from Lancaster under Major Hambright,and from Columbia and Wrightsville,were escorted in by Captain Hay's Rifle Corps.Then the busy sceene commenced,the dull sound of the mallet on the tent pins soon died away and the vacant spotbut a few minutes before,looked now like a small village,and theinmateshurrying in squadsto and fro—each man with his bundle of straw orpail ofwater.By twelve o'clock on Tuesday upwardsofthree hundred tentsoccupied thefield,and it was christened Camp La Fayette.By sundownsix hundred and eighty men were comfortably quartered in theircanvass houses — making in all nineteen companies. "Wednesday morning early,after reveille,the men commenced cleaning up,it being the grand review day after company drills and breakfast,therewis another busy time the Artillerists sitting in one place making six pound cartridges—Infan- try men and others washing out gloves,belts,&c.—in fact all were busy atsome- thing.The sun shone outinall its splendor,uot a cloud was to be seen in the firmament—thetents were as white as snov/,and everything wasdressedfora gala- d.ay.At about eight o'clock the ladies commenced coming in.They were,I understand,from all quarters—Baltimore,Philadelphia,New York,Jersey,&c., and last though not least the fine healthy German girl from the interior ofour own State.Theywere apparently delighted,manyof them never having seen an encampment ofmilitary before. "General Frederick Hambright,in his usual gallant manner,granted the ladies thefreedomofthe camp ground,and in afew moments they were soon distributed through the different streets.The grand parade was now ordered,and in a short time the large parade ground in front cleared,and thetroops formed in line.The thunder of the six pounders informed us that the Commander-in-Chiefwas ap- proaching.He came on the ground accompanied by his Staff.The Governor looke<l extremely well,being in full uniform and mounted on a noble charger. The appearance of thetroops washandsomein the extreme,as they stood in line; the sun shone full on their well polished armsand equipments,which must have 566 CAMP I.A FAYETTE AT YORK, been highly gratifying to the Commander.Afterreviewthey took up their line of march,and after five hours hard marching,returned to camp pretty well fatigued. "Thursday,the weather became cloudy andterminated inaregular rain,which continueduntil Friday,consequentlyman}'dutieswere necessarilydispensed with. After a grand review—it isa signal for breaking up the camp—consequently on Thursday the Companies commenced leavingand on Friday aftertwelve M.,Camp La Fayette was vacated. "Thefollowing letter was received from Governor Porter by the Committee of Invitation: "'Gentlemen:—I am pleased to see the true military spirit cherished and en- couraged among the citizen soldiers of Pennsylvania.In war and in all trying emergencies,we must relyon them chiefly to protect our homes and friends from aggression,our national honor from insult,and our liberty from destruction.Of late years it hasbeen too much the habit of those who should have known better, to decry and underrate our militia and volunteers.Those who remember their services in the Revolution ahd in the latewarwith Great Britain,entertain a very different opinion.Let the organization ofvolunteer companies be promoted—let thembe furnished with arms and accoutrements;let them devote allthe time they can spare to the acquisitionofmilitary discipline,and theywillspeedily silence the voice of censure and of prejudice,and strengthen the armof theircountry's defence.'" Gen Frederick Hambright,Commanding. Col.JamesCameron,)^j^ Col.Alex Hay,York,| ' Brigade Adjutant,John H.Duchman. Brigade Major,Wm.H.Huddy. Brigade Quarter Master,Jacob Bumgardner. Brigade Surgeon,Dr.Henry Nes,York,) "Asst.do..Dr.H.Carpenter,j"Dr.G.B.Kerfoot,] "Dr.Thomas,j ^^ "Right Wing underCapt.Finley. Washington Artillerists,Lancaster, York Washington Artillerists, National Guards,Eastou, State Fencibles,Lancaster, Washington Blues,York, Mechanical Volunteers,Baltimore, Dauphin Guards,Harrisburg, First Baltimore Light Infantry, Washington Grays,Dover Artillery, Independent Blues,West Manchester, "LeftWing Capt.George Hay. York Pennsylvania Rifle, Susquehanna Rifle,Wrightsville, Washington Greens,Hopewell, Jackson Greys,Shrewsbury," Lafayette Rifle,Columbia," Mechanic Rifle,LancasterCounty,' Jackson Rifle,Lancaster City," 'For ahistoryofthe York County Militia seeNotes34and4:. Right Wing. Capt.Hackman."Jacob Upp,Jr.'^Yoe."Finley."Alexander H.Barnitz. ' ' Watkins."Roberts."Dannaken."William Worley."Adam Bott. Capt.Geo.Hay."Levi Duck."Sampson Smith."William McAbee."Herr. 'Shindle."Hambright."' NOTE 59. (page 206.) The Late Hon.Henry Nes. His Death Announced in Congress.Eulogy by the Hon. TiiADDEus Stevens. "Washington,Sept.13,1850. "SENATE. "Mr.Sturgeon announcedtlie death ofthe Hon.Henry Nes.The usual resolu- tions were submittedand adopted. "TheSenate then adjourned." "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. "Mr.Stevens,ofPennsylvania,rose and addressed the House as follows: "Mr.Speaker:—It is my painful duty to announce thedeath ofanother mem- ber ofthisHouse.The Hon.Henry Nes,late representativeofthe Fifteenth Con- gressional district of Pennsylvania,expired at his residence on the evening ofthe loth inst.For a long time he had been afflicted with a painful and wasting disease. "Dr.Nes was a native ofthe Borough ofYork,where he constantlyresideduntil his death.His parents were among themost respectable and influential citizens of that ancient town.Properly appreciatingthe benefits of knowledge,they gave theirsona liberal and professional education.He arose to considerableeminence, and acquiredalarge practice in his profession,which he followed until the people ofhis districtrequired his publicservices. "How he was esteemed here,I need not inform you who knew him. "When his health permitted,and sometimes when it would hardlyjustifyhis attendance,he was assiduous in the discharge of his public duties.Atthe com- mencement of this session of Congress he arose from a bed ofsickness,and,at great personalrisk,came here toattend the organization ofthis House;nor didhe permit himselftobe a day absent,until disease rendered him too feeble to attend. "Few men possessed asgreat and enviable popularity as Dr.Nes.He was re- peatedly elected to Congress fromadistrict which never returned any other man of the same political party. "His popularity was not accidental,nor evanescent,for his constituents had known him from his childhood.It was founded onthe most amiable qualities of the human heart.Benevolence,generosity,and unfeigned pity for misfortune, were prominent characteristics of his nature.Nochild of affliction waseverso poor or humbleasto seek his professional or pecuniary assistance in vain.The poor and the afflicted were all his friends,and theirsorrows athis grave will do 568 HON.HENRY NESS. more honor to hisobsequies than would the most splendid equipagesof the great. "Hehasleft behindhim numerousrespectable,attached and mourning friends, hutnotasingle enemy. "If theblessing ofthe unfortunate andthesincereprayersofthe pureand grate- ful heartscan furnishasafe passport to the better world,his has been a happy exit from this.I move the following resolutions: ''Resolved,That this House has heard with deep sensibility theannunciationof the deathofthe Hon.Henry Nes,a member from the state of Pennsylvania, ''Resolved,ThatthisHouse tender to therelativesofthe deceased theexpression ofitssympathy in this afflictingevent,and as a testimonyofrespect for the mem- ory of the deceased,the members and officers ofthe House will go into mourning by wearingcrape on the left arm forthirty days. "Resolved,That as a further markof respect for thememoryofthe deceased, the Housedo now adjourn. "These resolutions were unanimously agreed to;and the House adjourned." NOTE 59i (page 2II). Revolt of the Pennsylvania Line in York,1781 Mutineers Threaten to Burn York.Citizens Prepare FOR THE Defense.The Local Militia Threatened WITH AN Attack.A Number of Muti- neers Shot. IN February,1781,a detachment of the Pennsylvania L,ine rendezvoused on the Commons at York,under Gen.Anthony Wayne,which it was determined to send as a reinforcement to Gen.Greene,then in command of the army in South Carolina.The detachment consisted of details from each of the six reorganized regiments of the Line,in number eight hundred — two regiments of eight companies each. Needed supplies for the expedition were not provided as promised and the worthless paper'which was given Gen.Wayne to pay his men would purchase nothing in the way of the commonest neces- saries.No allowance was made for the actual depreciation of this miscalled money below its nominal value,and in the nature of things,great discontent soon manifested itself among the troops. The disregard by the State of its promises to pay the soldiers in real money eventuated in rank insubordination.The refusal of our merchants to accept this worthless paper still further incensed the aggrieved soldiers,the leader of the mutineers threatening to burn the town.The citizens assembled at the Court House to prepare cartridges for self-defence,and the militia which had as- sembled for muster were threatened with attack.Seven ofthe mutineers,according to Major Denny,after a drumhead Court Martial were shot.An "eye-witness"says four were executed. According to local tradition,four of the seven convicted were par- 570 PENNSYLVANIA I.INE REVOLT AT YORK. doned,and three shot.Other "citizens of York"stated that four were condemned and only two executed.They were shot kneel- ing against the southern railing enclosing the Moravian burying ground on the southwest corner of Water and Princess streets. Major Denny,in his Journal under date of May i,1781,in his description of the revolt says: "A general Court Martialcontinuedsitting forseveral days:twenty odd prison- ers brought before them;seven were sentenced to die.The regimentsparaded in the evening earlier than usual;orders passed to officers along the line to put to death instantly any man who stirred from his rank.In front ofthe paradethe ground rose and descended again,and at the distance of 300yards overrising ground,the prisoners were escorted by a Captain's guard;heard the fire ofone platoon,and immediately a smaller one when the regiment wheeled by companies and marched around by the place of execution.This wasanawful exhibition. The seven objects wereseen by the troopsjust as they had sunk or fell under the fire.The sight must have made an impression upon the men;it was designed with that view." Major Denny does not claim to have been an eye-witness to the execution,and the presumption is that not more than four of the mutineers were shot. The subjoined letter of Gen.Wayne of May 20,1781,describes the painful scene of the execution.The communication in the York Recorder of August 26,1827,gives further details of the re- volt—the terrors to which our people were subjected,the measures taken to avert the destruction ofthe town,and the threatened at- tack on the local militia—details not found in any historical work. Letter of Gen.Anthony Wayne. "May 20,1781. "When Iarrived at York there was scarcely a horse ora carriage fit to transport anypart ofour baggage orsupplies.This difficulty I found means to remedy by bartering one species ofpublic property to procure another.The troops were re- tarded in advancingtothe general rendezvous,by the unaccountable delay of the auditorswhowere appointed tosettle and pay the proportion of the depreciation due them,which,when received,was notequal to one seventh part of its nominal value.This was an alarming circumstance.The soldiery,but too sensibly,felt the imposition;nor did the conduct or counsel ofthe inhabitants tend to moder- ate,but rather toinflame their minds by refusing to part with anything which the soldiers needed in exchange for it,.saying it was notworthaccepting andthat they (the soldiers)ought not to march untiljustice wasdone them.To minds already susceptible to this kind ofimpression and whose recent revolt was fresh in their memory,little more was wanting tostimulate them to try it again.The day ante- cedent to thaton which the march wasto commence,a few leading mutineers on PENNSYLVANIAILINE REVOLT AT YORK.571 the right of eachregiment called out to pay them in real and not in ideal money; they were no longer to be trifled with.Upon this they wereorderedto theirtents; which beingperemptorily refused,the principalswere immediately either knocked down or confined by the officers,who were previously prepared for this event.A Court Martial was ordered on the spot,—the commissionof the crime,trial and re;voi,t of The Pennsylvania line atyork,1781.(Old Print.) and execution were all included in the course of a few hours in front ofthe line paraded under arms.The determined countenances ofthe officers produced acon- viction to the soldiery that thesentence ofthe Court-martial would be carried into execution at every risk and consequence.Whether by design or accident,the particularfriends and messmates of the culprits were their executioners,and while the tears rolled down their cheeks in showers,they silently and faithfully obeyed their orderswithout amoment's hesitation.Thus was thehideousmonster crushed in its birth,however to myselfand officers a most painful scene." Gen.Wayne's detachment left York for the South the latter part of May,accompanied by a company of artillery of six pieces from Proctor's Fourth Continental Artillery. Important Local Accounts of the Revolt. In the York Gazette of August 28,1827,appeared a letter of Gen.Andrew Jackson,dated July 26,1827,i"which he justified the execution after trial by Court Martial at Mobile,Alabama,in 1814,of six mutineers under his command.In it he says: 572 PENNSYI.VANIA LINE REVOLT AT YORK. "I approved oftheir condemnation,because they were the promoters and ring- leaders ofthe mutiny and desertion,committed at a period,when the safetyofour Southern frontierswas threatened—at a period which called for the most energetic measures,and whenevery nerve ofthe government wasstretchedindefenceofour liberties." In the Gazette of the same issue appears the following: 'GEN.WAYNE. "The following note appears in the Crawford,(Pa.)Messenger ofthe gth inst. : '"Dear Sir:—I am neither a partisan of Gen.Jackson nor ofMr.Adams,but seeing reference had to the shooting of the six militia men during the late war,I wish to be informed who was thecause ofhaving four of mybrethrenin arms shot inthe Revolutionary war at Yorktowu,Penn.,at the time partofthe Pennsylvania Line marched through that place;they were shot kneeling against the railingen- closing the Moravian burying ground.I was present and assisted in covering their blood. "'The names of the two were J.Wilson and J.Smith.The latterhadjoined ourtroops but 48 hours.The names ofthe others I do not recollect. "'Respectfully yours, "J.H.amilitia man ofthe Revolutionary war, now in Crawford County.'" The Editor of the Messenger adds the following : "On the march of the Pennsylvania Line to the South,immediately preceding the capture of Lord Cornwallis,it madeatemporary halt at the borough ofYork in this State.Aspirit ofdisaffection had discovered itself forsome time before in several companies in consequence of their arrearages of pay being withheld.It nowbroke out in open revolt. "Several individuals boldly declared that they wouldnot march one step fur- therunless what was due them waspaid.Promptsteps weretakenbyGen.Wayne—the ringleaders arrested—tried by a drumhead Court Martial—four condemned men were condemned to be shot—two were forthwith executed,the others par- doned. "Such was the precaution of Gen.Wayne that he causedthe ammunition and flintsto be drawn from thedisaffected companies and directed them to takeup the march before the execution sook place,accompanied by a part of the Line in whom he had confidence. "These are the recollections of factsas oft repeated in ourpresence by citizens of York duringthe years 1794-5." The Editor further adds : "The execution at York,we well remember,was considered a case of extreme hardship,and hasleftan impression on the public mind by no means favorable to thehumanity ofGen.Wayne;but it was obviously an act ofnecessity." The foregoing letter of Gen.Jackson,and the valuable historical letter andeditorial in the Crawford Messenger,fortunately,for local history,evoked the followingcommunication in the York Recorder of September 4th,1827 : PENNSYLVANIA LINE REVOLT AT YORK.573 "MUTINY OF THE PENNSYLVANIA LINE AT YORK. "Into the York Gazette of last Tuesdaywas copied from the Crawford Me.ssen- ger and some remarkshitched there by a partisan editor.In the original article 'a militia man of the Revolutionary war'inquires who was the cause of having fourofhis brethren in arms shot in this borough atthe time part of the Pennsylva- niaLine marched through it.The reference thus madeto that transactionisobvi- ously intended to gloss over and extenuate the shooting of the six Tennesseemili- tia men by the order ofGen.Jackson,and therefore demands a passing notice. "Iftlie 'militia man 'was present at the execution,as he avers,it seems some- what singular that he should at this day ask whoor what was the cause of that execution.Thecause was very well known at the time,and it is hardly conceiva- ble that the circumstances should have slipped from therecollection ofone who evinces in other respects a tolerably tenaciousmemory.Themen were shot for mutiny,clear and undeniable mutiny—mutin3'of the most extensive,alarming andaggravated kind.Into the causes of that mutiny I do not think it is material to inquire;suffice it to say that it wasarevival,without an adequate reason,of that disaffected spirit which produced the troubles with the Pennsylvania Line when stationednear Jlorristown,in New Jersey.ThemutinyinJerseywasquieted by a compromise with the mutineers and a temporary dissolution ofthe whole Line.When the troopspartially reassembled the discontents began torevive,and the con.sequence produced theexecution to which the 'militia man'refers. "I will briefly in elucidation,state a few facts,as I have heard them related by our aged citizens who had cognizance ofthe proceedingsand had no motive todis- tortthe truth.When the Pennsylvania Line reassembledagreeably toorders,pre- paratory to their march to the South,a part of ithalted some time in this town. Discontent was soon manifested by some of the non-commissioned officers and many of theprivates;it spread like a contagion thro'the camp,and broke in un- disguised mutiny.The men refused to obey their officers;insisted on dictating terms to the civil government;and demanded concessions inconsistent with the terms of their enlistmentand the welfare of other divisions ofthe army. "The mutiny in a short time became very general;so much so that theofficers greatly apprehended a totaldissolution ofthe troops.Threats were made by the ringleader to plunder and burn the town;in consequence of which the officers secretly made preparations for enabling the citizens to defend themselves.They met privately in the Court House and spent a night inmaking cartridges forthe use of the citizens in case of need.In the midst ofthis alarming period the regu- lar militia musters recurred,and the enrolled inhabitantsofthe county assembled for parade.The mutineers imagined that these troops had been collectedtoover- awe them,and frustrate their designs;this suspicion so embittered and enraged them,that it was with infinite difficultythey could be prevented fromattacking the militia on the parade ground,wherefore the exercises of the day had to be abridged and the men dismissed and dispersed—Entirely unrestrained either by a spirit of patriotism or a sense of more ordinaryduty,the insubordination ofthe misguided soldiersrose to an alarming and dangerousextreme. "The disaffection reached such a crisis that nothing except prompt,vigorous and decisive measures could restore order.When therefore noother course re- mained—when forebearance had been exercised till it enhanced the danger and the difficulty by inducing contempt for all authority,six orseven ofthe more tur- 574 PENNSYLVANIA LINE REVOLT IN YORK. bulent mutineers were arrested;a regular court martial was detailed;they were tried with all customary formality;convicted on the clearest evidence,and sen- tenced to be shot.The proceedings were as prompt as the exigency ofthe case required—but not more so;there was not the least irregularity,nor anything un- lawful or precipitatein the transaction.On the day fixed for the execution,the whole of the Pennsylvania Line at this place was drawn up to witness the inflic- tion ofthe punishment;all those who were under sentence were marched outand stationed on the fatal ground;but only three were shot—the rest were pardoned and returned to the ranks. "Orderand subordination were immediately restored;thecommanding general was thereby enabled to act in fullconcert with his compatriots in arms,in obedi- ence to the plan and directions ofWashington;and there the impediments to free action being removed,could be completed that admirable di.spositionofthe Ameri- can forces which ended in the overthrow of Coruwallis,and the establishment of our independence.Had the mutiny not been quelled—had the rebellious spirit of thetroops at York in Pennsylvania,not been overawed and subdued by an exam- ple of vigorous justice,softened,so far as prudence permitted,by leniency and mercy,other divisions ofthe army wouldsoon have been infected with a similar spirit—as the conduct ofthe JerseyLine sufficiently shows—and the effect might and probably would have been the failure of theglorious enterprise at York,in Virginia. "A careful,unprejudiced,and impartial comparison ofthis transaction with that which so foully blots the escutcheon ofGeneral Jackson,will show that there is no resemblance between them.In this casetheguilty were punished,for example's sake only when so far as imperious necessity compelled it.In the other ciise no such imperious necessity existed—there was no guilt to be expiated—no defection to be punished—no future obedience to be secured—no impression to be made on other branches of the army.The blood of innocent men was shed,and it yet cries unappeased to heaven.The men had served their lawful tour—they had faithfully and patriotically discharged their duty to their country —to compelthem to remain longer in the service without the sanction oflaw,was Tyranny—to put them to deathfor asserting their rights was murder! "Madison." NOTE 60. (PAGE 213.) "A Letter Written by God Himself," "And drop'd at Madgeburgh—written in Golden Letters,and sent by God through an Angel.Whosoever has a desire to copy the same,to him it shall be given.Whoever despises it,shall be forsaken by the Lord. "Whosoever shall work on the Sabbath shall bedamn'd.I command ye,there- fore,that yedo notwork on theSabbath,but yeshall go to the place of Worship, with the proper devotion;but ye shall not paint your faces,nor shall ye wear strange hair.Ye shall not have pride.Ofyour riches ye shall give liberally to the poor,and ye shall believe that this letter was written by my own hand,and sent by Christ himself,and that ye shall notdoasthe brutes.\>have six daysiu the week whereon ye may doyour work,but theseventh day thatis theSabbath, ye shall keep holy.If ye will not do this I will send among ye War,Famine, Pestilence and Death,and chastise ye with many Plagues. "I command ye also,one and all,be he poor orbe he rich,young or old,great orsmall,thatye do not work late on Saturday evening,but that ye repentofyour sins,that they may be forgiven.Love not Silver nor Gold;abstain from wicked- ness,and be not given to lusts ofyourflesh and other unholy desires,but consider that it is I who has made yeand whocan destroy ye.Do ye not rejoice when your neighbor is poor,but have pity onhim,forsuch will do well in this world. Whosoever does notbelieve nor keep this,my command,will be damn'd and lost. I,Jesus,have written this with my own hand.Whosoever shall speak against it, shall not expect help fromme.Whosoever has this letter,and does not reveal it, shall be cursed bythe Christian Churchand bymy omoipotence.But it shall be given toevery one who shall desireit.And shouldyoursinsbe ever so greatthey shall be forgiven,if ye sincerely repent and aresorry forthem.But whosoever will not believe,he shall die and suffer thetorment in Hell,and on thelast day I shall ask from ye an account of your sins,when yeshall be forced to answer. Whosoever shall wear this letter on his person,or keep it in hishouse,heshall not suffer from Lightning,he shall be safe from Fire or Water,and whosoever shall reveal it to the sons of men,shall have his reward andacheerfulparting from this world.Keep my commandment which I have sent ye through my Angels.It was I,Godon Heavens Throne,Son of Godand Mary,Amen." "This occurredatMadgeburg,in the year 1783." NOTE 61. (page 213.) Slavery in York County. SLAVERY was introduced into the Colony of Virginia in 1620,by the arrival of a Dutch TradingVessel at Norfolk, loaded with colored Africans.It existed in Pennsylvania under the Swedes and the Dutch,prior to the granting of the province to William Penn.The Colonial Assembly as early as 1712,passed an act to restrain its increase.The Pennsylvania Society for the abolition of slavery was founded in 1775.In 1780 AFRICAN SLAVERY.(01(1 Print.) the legislature passed an act for its gradual abolition.The price of an imported negro,about the middle of the last century ranged from ;i^4o to ^loo Pennsylvania currency. Among the persons who owned slaves in York in 1780 were Michael Swoope 2,and Baltzer Spengler,Jr.,3.In the entire coimty,which included Adams county,there were in 1783,471 slaves;in 1790,499;in 1800,']']\in 1810,22,and in 1820,6. According to the York People's Reporter (German)ofJanuary 22, 1801,the taxables of York county,including Adams,in 1793 were 6,974;in 1800,York county 5,132,slaves 62;in Adams county 2,568,slaves 94.The last slave in York county died in 1841. Hon.THADDEUS STEVENS.(P.567. SLAVERY IN YORK COUNTY.577 Slavery in York County ioo Years Ago. The Subjoined advertisements and notices from "The Pennsyl- vania Herald and York Advertiser,"may be of interest.They exhibit the horrors of slavery,in which husband was ruthlessly torn from wife and the mother from her children."Rachel cry- ing for her children would not be comforted." "TO BE SOLD. "A healthy stoutMulattoWench i6 years old:She had the small pox aud mea- sles,can cook,wash and can do most sorts of house work.Inquire of Robert White,Tavern Keeper. "Feby.14,1798." suiViiTiaflj &r TKS S1>AV1E TKADE. "NEGRO FEMALE. "The subscriberhasfor sale a NEGRO Female,whois a slave for life,about 32 years ofage,very healthy and stout,well acquainted with business,either inhouse or field:she has three female children,the oldest nearsixyearsofage,and the youngest about three months;the two eldestare registered according to law.The largeness ofthe subscriber's own famil}',and her propensity for breeding,are the principal reasons she is offered forsale.The purchaser on giving bond,and suffi- cient security,will be indulged withone yearscredit,or more ifnecessary.Aten- derness inseparating a parent from herchildren,isthe inducement for proposing the whole together;but ifcircumstances,on contracting,render it necessary,they will be soldseparately,except the youngest,by MOSES McCLEAN. "York Oct.13 1790." "THIRTY DOLLARS REWARD. "Runaway from the Subscribers,November 26,1791,living on SugarlandRun, I/judon County,Virginia,two Negro Men named Philip and Daniel.Phil is 578 SLAVERY IN YORK COUNTY. about 30 years old.He is apt to smile when spoken to,has a flat nose,large mouth,thick lips,wrinkly forehead with somescars on it,andhasthe marks ofa ivhip on his back. "Daniel is a low fell-fed lad 19 years ofage,and has a scaron the jointofhis little fingerandhand.JAMES COLEMAN, "Jan.4,1792."JOHN JENKINS. "FOR SALE. "A Negro Man and Woman. "He is about 40 years of age and his wife about 35;they are very suitable fora farmer,are both healthy,and are registeredaccording to law—fortermsapply to "Franklin Township,April 2,1793."JAMES JOHNSTON. "The subscriber hereby gives Noticetowhom it may concern,thathe is now in the Borough ofYork Pennsylvania,where he means to continue until he canliave atrial,with respect to hisright offreedom.NEGRO JAMES. "York,Sept.27,1796." "NEGROS FOR SALE. "The subscriber offers for sale.Five Negros,together or separate as may best suit the purchaser. "A Young Man 21 years of age,astout active lad,brought up tothe Fanning Business:Also a middle aged active woman,understands her business in the house or field very well.Also a young Wench,about 24years ofage,a Slsve for life,an excellent Wench for all kinds of business,both for farming and house work—particularlj'Spinning :She has two very promising children,a boy and girl.Said Negros are legally recorded.SAMUEL HAYES. "York,April 11,1797." "TWO NEGRO MEN "Was committed to my custody,one of them callshimself Cato,says hecame from Baltimore;he has on a soldier's red coat,was born in Guinea,has three scars on each side of his face and is near fifty years ofage:Theother calls himself Wm.Kyssey :he is about forty years ofage,andhas likewisea red coat,sayshe is a free man,and came fromWilliamsburg,Virginia.Theirownersare desired to come and paytheir costs,and take them away,otherwise they will be sold out for the same.MICHAEL GRAYBLE, "York-Town,April 26,1791."Gaoler. "FOR SALE. "A Mulatto Wench about 21 years of age,and a child i year.Credit will be given for a wholeor part ofthe purchase money,as may best suitthe purchaser. For particulars apply to,JOHN LAIRD. "Brogue Farm,Nov.13,1792." From the York Recorder ofMarchjo,iSu . "FOR SALE. "A negro wench,who has five j'earsto serve,with a boy two yearsold.Also a JIulatto girl,aged four years;they will be offered to the highestbidder on Wed- nesday,the 3rdofApril,next,at thehouse ofJacob Upp,in theBorough ofYork.' ' NOTE 62. (page 22'.) The York Pennsylvania Rifle. From the United States Military Magazine,1S41. "Early in the spring of 1834,a call was publislied in the newspapers ofthe borough of York,for a meeting of those who were desirousofforming a rifle com- pany.The proposition soon attracted the attention ofa community distinguished for its military spirit;and the first meeting was numerously attended by theyouug men of York.After a few preliminary meetings,a company wasorganized with the titleof 'The YorkRangers,'under the following officers : "Samuel E.Clement,Captain. "T.N.Haller,ist Lieutenant.Samuel Herman,2nd Lieutenant. "This organization was completed on the 7th ofJune,1834,at which time the first uniform was adopted,consisting ofa green merino frock coatand pantaloons, trimmed with black fringe,a black fur hunting cap,with three black ostrich feathers.The company maintained but a languidand spiritless existence under its first organization.The members lacked whatisso essential to the prosperity of every volunteer corps—confidence in andrespect for their commanding officer. Upon discovering that dissatisfaction existed,Capt.Clement resigned hiscommis- sion;and the present able and efiicient commanding officer was chosen from the ranks of the 'National Grays,'alight infantry company then in existence in York under the commandofCapt.A.H.Barnitz.A committee ofthe 'Rangers'waited upon the 'Grays;'and at theirsolicitation Capt.George Hay received anhonorable discharge,in order that he might with honor assume thecommand of the 'Ran- gers.'Capt.Hay was elected on the 28th ofNovember,1834,in the first yearof the existence ofthe company. "Under the new organization,the corps made rapid advance in discipline;and as if governed by a newand invigoratingimpulse,soon acquired its present high standing,and became one of the brightest stars in the military galaxy ofPennsyl- vania.Soon after the fortunate change in its organization,the corps assumed the name of'The York Pennsylvania Rifle,'which it nowbears. "After becoming perfect,through the indefatigable exertions ofCapt.Hay,in its manual exercise,the 'Rifle'commenced the practice oftarget firing.The first prize shot for was a medal,and was won by Alfred Connellee.The usualmode adopted by the company in target firing,is toshoot three balls—distance 95 yards —off hand—the prize adjudged by string measure.The second prize wasasilver cup,put up by two companies,'the Washington Artillerists'and 'the York Penn- sylvania Rifle.'The Artillerists fired at a distance of 65 yards—The 'Rifle'95 yards.The prize was closely contested,and was awarded to Mr.C.Keyserofthe 'Rifle.'The third prize put up was a silvercup won by Mr.Weigal.The fourth 580 THE YORK PENNSYLVANIA RIFLE. prize was alsoasilver cup,won by Sergeant Metzel.The fifth prize was a medal, won by Sergeant Spangler. "The company visited Harrisburg in December,1835,on theoccasion of the inauguration of Gov.Ritner.In May,1837,the company marched to an encamp- ment in Hanover,in York County,where they remained three days and received the kindest attentionat the hands ofthe citizens of that hospitable borough.On their return they were received by the 'York Volunteers'underthe commandof Capt.Jacob Lehman. "InJune,1837,the 'Rifle'and'Washington Artillerists,'Capt.JacobUpp,received and escorted to town 'the Mechanic Rifle,'of Philadelphia,commanded by Capt. Moore.This was the first of a series ofvisits interchanged between the citizen soldiers of Philadelphia and those of York,which have had the effectofuniting the volunteers of the two places asaband ofbrothers.Soon afterthereturn of the 'Mechanic Rifle,'to Philadelphia,'the York Pa.Rifle'received an invitation from that city to be present atthe launch ofthe ship 'Pennsylvania.'The 'Rifle' proceeded in compliance with this invitation,on the 17th ofJuly,1837,to Phila- delphia.They were received at Broad street by the 'Mechanic Rifle,'Capt. Moore,—the 'National Grays,'Capt.PeterFritz,the 'State Fencibles,'Capt.Mur- ray,—the 'Washington Blues,'Capt.Patterson,—the 'Montgomery HiberiaGreens,' Capt.Diamond,and the 'LaFayette Light Guards,'Capt.Meady—the whole be- ing under the commandofCapt.Fritz,ofthe National Grays.The limits within which this notice is necessarily confined precludes a particular mention ofthe kindness showered upon the 'Rifle'during their stay in Philadelphia—it was a week of the highest enjoyment—and the members ofthe 'Rifle'will longremem- ber with pleasure the launch of the 'Pennsylvania.' "On Saturday morning the 22nd the corps left the 'city ofbrotherly love'on their return home,and when they arrived within halfa mile ofYork,they were met by an escort of their soldiers—the 'Washington Artillerists'Capt.Upp and 'National Grays,'Capt.Barnitz,and escorted to their quarters,wherethey arrived about 7 o'clockthe same evening. "On their return a fewdays afterwards they were received and escorted to the commons adjoining the Borough,by the 'Rifle 'in connexion withthe 'Artiller- ists'and 'Blues'where the 'Grays'encamped over the night,and left for their homesthe next day,leavingbehind them themost favorable impression." "On the 30th of August,1S37,the 'Rifle'joined the escortofthe several com- panies invited to be present atthe presentation of a flag by the ladies ofYork to the 'Washington Troops'ofYorkCounty,commanded byCapt.Thomas C.Hambly. "On the 6th of October,1837,the corps marched to Hopewell township,York County,and joined the Independent Volunteer Battalion,commanded b)'Major Brooks,in their review.On their return they were received at Shrewsbury,by the 'Jackson Grays,'Capt.William McAbee,by whom a handsome collation was prepared for the 'Rifle'afterwhichthey proceededtoYork,where they arrived on thesame evening. "In the fall of 1838,the 'Rifle'joined the 'Washington Artillerists,'ofYork, commanded by Captain Upp,andthe 'Washington Blues,'Capt.A.H.Barnitz,in forming an escort for the reception of the 'Junior Artillerists'ofBaltimore,com- manded by Capt.McKinnel,the escort proceeded to apoint almost halfa mile from the borough,where they received their guests,and conducted them to their quarters.The militaryofYorkon thesame day were honored by a visit,from the THE YORK RIFLES,1841 THE YORK PENNSYLVANIA RIFLE.581 'Susquehanna Rifle,'ofWrightsville.York County,commanded byCapt.LeviDuck. Both companies remained in York three days;and won,during their stay,the highest respect and esteem of their fellow soldiers and thecitizens generally,of the ancient borough of York. "In January,1S39,the 'Rifle'visited Harrisburg,to attend theinauguration of Gov.Porter.On the 1st of May,1839,the company visited Baltimore,together with the 'Washington Artillerists,'and 'Washington Blues'ofYork.Theyspent three days in 'the monumental city,'during which time theirmilitary friends in Baltimore,the citizens generally,and the proprietors ofthe various placesofpub- lic amusement,seemed to vie with each other in actsofkindness to thevisitors from York,from which place a gallant band had marchedtothe defenseofthe city ofBaltimore in the day of their utmost need and danger. "On the 3rd of July,1839,the 'Rifle,''Washington Artillerists,''Washington Blues'and 'Washington Troops,'all belonging to York,united to receive and escort to theirquarters,the 'Independent Blues'of Baltimore,commandedby Capt. Sanderson.This fine company joined with their friends in York in acivic and military celebration of the 63rd anniversary of American Independence.The 'Blues'remained in York untilthe 5th ofJuly,when they returned to Baltimore — havingmade a visit that originated the warmest individual friendships betweenthe guests and theirentertainers.In the fall of1839,the 'Rifle'and 'Blues'received and escorted through York the 'Independent Grays'of Baltimore,Capt.Law,on their way to an encampment at York Springs. "On Easter Monday,1840,the corps visited Wrightsville and Columbia.On the i8th of September,1S40,in compliance with an invitation given to a number of volunteer companies to attend a grand encampment at Paoli;the 'Rifie'pro- ceeded to the scene of the most cowardly and cold blooded wholesale murder re- corded in the annals of our revolutionary struggle.The company remained en- camped until the 22ndof September—thenvisited Philadelphia,andonthe 24th returned home.On the 25th of November,1840,the 'Rifle'again proceeded to Philadelphia,and formed part of the escortthat accompanied the remains of the lamented Gen.Mercer,on their removal from Christ Church Burial Ground to Laurel Hill Cemetery.On the morning of the 28th the corpswere escortedto Broad Street depot by their old friends,the 'Mechanic Rifle'Lieut.Minster,and arrived at home indue season the next morning. "Onthe 6th of April,1841,a deputation from the 'Rifle,'Artillerists and Blues started for Washington to assist in paying the last tributesofrespecttothe re- mains of the lamented Harrison.They arrived on the morning ofthe 7th and were theonly military company present at the funeral from Pennsylvania.They left the 'Federal City,'on the same evening,and arrived at home on the Sth, highly pleased with the attentions which they had received from the military of Baltimore,the 'Independent Blues'ofthatcity,having escorted them from their quarters to therailroad depot on the morning of their return to York.The York militaryjoined,byinvitation,the first Baltimore military association,commanded by Colonel Hickman,on thatoccasion." "DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT UNIFORM. "Fine black cloth frock coat,and pantaloons.The coat trimmedwith gold lace andblack fringe around the skirt—standing collar—double barred in front with gold lace—three rows of gilt buttons,stamped with bugles,on the breast — 582 THE YORK PENNSYL,VANIA RIFLE. two stripes ofgold lace down the outside seamsofthe pantaloons—a patent leather liberty cap,with brass front,brass mountings,and white drooping plooni.Shoul- der mountings tocorrespond.Tomahawk and scalping knife. "PRESENT OFFICERS OF THE 'RIFLE.' George Hay,Captain. D.F.Wilhelm,ist Lieut.Alfred Connellee,2nd Lieut. 1.D.A.Stillinger.Secretary—Peter E.Wilt 2.Charles Metzel.Treasurer—Charles Metzel 3.G.P.Koch.Quartermaster—Isaac Elliott 4.J.J.Cochran.Surgeon—Dr.Henry Nes. 48 Rank and File. In 1846 the Rifle disbanded,but was again reorganized in 1857, the uniforms being dark bhie cloth with green trimmings.In April,1861,the York Rifles and York Worth Infantry were the first fully equipped volunteers to march to the defence of the Union,and were awarded medals of honor as "The First Defend- ers."' NOTE 63. Rates in Taverns in the Days of Old. THE General Assembly of Pennsylvania,considering that inn-holders,etc.,exacted excessive rates for their wines, provisions,provender,etc.,made a law on the 31st of May,1718,by which the Justices of the Peace,in their Quarter Sessions,should set such reasonable prices,as they should see fit.The Justices of York county on the 28th of January, 1752,established the following rates and prices: s.d. One quart ofsangaree made with one pint ofgood Maderia wiue and with loaf sugar i 6Abowlofpunchmadewithonequartofwaterwithloafsugarandgood Jamaica spirits i 6 One pint good Maderiawine 1 3 One pint good Vidonia wine o 10 One pint good Port wine 1 o One quart of mimbo made with West India rum and loaf sugar o 10 One quart of mimbo made with New England rumand loafsugar o 9OnegillofgoodWestIndiarumo4 One gill of good New England rum o 3 One gill of good whiskey o 2 One quart ofgood beer o 4Onequartofgoodcidero4 One man's breakfast o 6 One man's dinner o 8 One man's supper o 6 One horse at hay twenty-four hours o lo One horse at hay one night o 8 Half a gallon of good oats o 3 "The above rates were settled by thecourt and proclaimed by a crierin open court ofgeneral quarter sessions,inpursuance ofan act ofgeneralassembly ofthis province in such casemade and provided." The above continued for some years to be the tavern rates within the county of York.But the statutes requiring them have long since been repealed. Virginia Bill of Fare,1755. "The Virginia innkeepers in 1755,had to postthe following "bill offare'at their doors : 584 TAVERN RATES IN DAYS OF OLD. "RATES OF LIQUORS,ETC. s.d. To a gallon ofrum andso in proportion 8 oNewEnglandrum26 Virginia brandy from grain 4 o Arrack,the quart,made into punch 8 oToaquartofredorwhitewine26 To a quart of Maderia 2 6 English strong beer,per quart i 3 London beer,called porter,per quart I o Virginia strong beer,perquart o "jyi Cyder,the quart bottle o 4EnglishCyder,per bottle I 3 Foragillofrum made into punch,with loafsugar 06 With fruit o 7>^With brown sugar o 4^ Stableage and fodder for a horse twenty-fourhoursof one night o 6 Pasturage for a horse twenty-four hours or one night o 4 For a night's lodging,with cleansheets,6d.;otherwise,nothing. "All soldiers and expresses on His Majesty's service paying ready money shall have one-fifth partdeducted. "The following is the order forthe above : "Ordered that theseveral andrespectiveordinary keepers in this countydosell according to the above rates in money or tobacco at the rate often shillingsper cwt.,and that theydo not presume to demand more of any person whatsoever. "The above order was entered ofrecord in the minute book ofFairfaxCounty Court,Va.,March 20,1755,andthe orders ofthat Court weresigned by LOUIS ELLZEY. "At these early courts men were frequently indicted for profaneswearing not attending theirparish church and for being idle vagrants.' ' Tavern Rates in 1762. Lord Baltimore,under his English patents claimed,that the northern boimdary of the province of Maryland extended three miles north of York,'while the boundary dispute between himself and the Penns was compromised on the basis of the present Ma- sou aud Dixon line in 1760;the surveys were not completed until 1767,and the Maryland authorities exercised partial juris- diction over this territory as late as 1762.The tavern of Matthias Smiser,mentioned in the subjoined license or regulation of prices, was situated on the "Conococheague Road,"now the York and Gettysburg Turnpike,three miles west of York. "ORDINARY RATES SETTLED AT BALTIMORE CO.AUG.COURT,1762." s.d.A hotmeal of Roast or Boiled with small beeror Cyder i oAcoldDittowithDittoio Good lodgingwith cleansheets per Night o 6 Port Wine per quart 4 o TAVERN RATES IN DAYS OF OI.D.585 wired Beer from London or Bristoll per quart i 6 English Cask or Country Beer per quart o 9Cyderperquarto4PunchmadewithgoodrumorSpiritswithLoafSugarperquartIoCountryBrandypergillo3FrenchDittopergillo9Rumpergillo6 Ditto per quart 2 6MaderiiWineperquart4o Fall and other Low wines per quart 2 6 Claret per Bottle 4 oCornorOatsperPeckioPasturageforahorseforanightoradayor24hourso6 Stablidge with good Clover or Timothy Ha.;per Night or dayor 24 Hours i o Ditto v^ith Corn Fother or Marsh Hay per Night or day or 24 Hours o 6 Rates in New Jersey,1795. "In 1795,the barpricesin New Jerseywere: s.d. One Brandy o 1 1 Half Gil o 3 Pint Cyder Ril on One Brandy tiling i 2 One Brandy Grog o 11 One Gil Sperits o 11 One Mug Cyder o 8 HalfGil Gin o 6 An Old Time Letter.Fine Claret in 1789,50 Cents per Quart Retail. "York Town Oct'r 4th 1789. "GKNT'N— "I received y'r letter on the 29th last Mo.and am sorryyou so far misunder- stood me in my lastas tosend cases of Claret instead ofa barrel.Myreason for writing to you for a barrel ofClaret was,about two weeks before,I had bought a barrel of Excellent Claret,from a Common retailerin thisplace for 3sgd per gal- lon,which I retailed at 2s p'r Bottle,theexceedingGood Quality ofthe Liquor, added to its Cheapness,brought Me a Good run ofGenteel Customers,which in- duced Me to Write to you in Expectation you could Supply me with Equally as Good,at as low a rate at least as I bot here—being sogreatly disappointed,I am Under the Necessity ofnotReceivingthe Boxes,as they will by no Means answer, am exceedinglyunhappy forthe Mistake and am Gen't Your Very '•P.S.Find theBill enclosed.Hum'l Ser't, PHILIP GOSSLER." "Mr.Phii.ip Go.ssi,er, Philad'a Sep'r 29th 1789. Eo'tof Wager &Habacker. 2 Cases Claret 3 Dozen each £<)o o permit i o HISTORICAL INDEX. Amis,The Spengler,2. Allegience,Declaration of,17. Albright,Col.Philip,86,409,425,439, 449-531.563. Adams,John.Attack on Pennsylvania Germans,183,533. Adams,John,VisittoYork,183,543. Advertisements,OldTime,York,560. Baltimore,Lord,119,321,326,584. Bacon,J.Barnitz'Appeal,313. Baptist Church,York,345. Bell,The story of,350. EUery,Hon.William,ride to York,538. Emigration,Southern and Western,293. English Brick Tradition,343. Farming,Early,50,328. FlyingCamp,114,295. Fort Washington,Battle of,114. Fire Companies,Old,of York,152,156, 361. Floodin York,1817,76,162,167. Fashionsofold,328,330,331. First Churches ofYork,341. Friends'MeetingHouse,York,343.Foreign Correspondence,7,239. Fires ofold,361. Firemen of York in theRevolution,385. Crusades to Holy Land,3. Cressap War,119.326. CodorusCanal,188. Conway Cabal,193. Court House,Old York,211,463. Carriages,Early,267,328,494. Continental Money,308. Churches,FirstinYork,341. Conscriptions in York,1781,437. Clark,Major John,403,408,455. Courts,First in York,490. Continental Congress at York,518,520, Camp Lafayette,York,1841,565. Dinkel,"Shiny Cap,"85,175,181.—See Errata. Distilleries,Early York,143,352. Dances ofold,197. Dressofour Grandparents,328. Doudel's Riflemen inthe Revolution,511 , 516. Deeds of Conveyance,Rirly, German Reformed Church,York,142, 172,341.German Reformed Choir,1800,473.Gates—Wilkinson Duel,193,556. Garret Relics,199. German Lutheran Church,York,341. German Lutheran Church Choir,1800, 473-German Correspondence,239. H. Houses,Early,51,139,255,328,330. Harrison—Van Buren Campaign,75,272. Horse Races,Early,in York,150,358. Harrison,President Wm.Henry in York, 220,276. Harvests,Early,268. Herbach,Captain Yost,76,278,298,299, 418,448. Hartley,Col.Thomas,348,392,521. Hay,Lieut.-Col.John,527,548. Election Riots in York.141,33S,530. Episcopal Church,York,193,346,463, 556...Evangelical Association,345. Earlv Coaches and Railroads,500. in York County,24,139,257. Indian Incursions and Massacresin York County,87,235,280,282,287. Indian Habits,Customs,etc.,257. Industrial Parade,York,1788,335. Inns of old,rates in,583. HISTORICAL INDEX. Jackson,Gen.,Passagethrough York.iSs, Linen Weaver's Guild,15,116. Lafayette,Gen.,75,185,193,197,558. LongIsland,Battle of,89,289. Leffler,Geo.Lewis,Diary,Revolution, 114,297..^.,Leightner,Romantic Episode,177. Luther,Martin,248,250. Lafayette,Gen.,Funeral at York,558. Letter from God,213,575. MarylandIntrusion,119,584. Moravian Diaries,York,183,516. Mills,Early,in York County,2.54. Moravian Church,York,342,516. Methodist Church,York,344. Muster Rolls,York,in the Revolution, 414. McKinley,Hon.William,431. Miller,Gen.Henry,403,410,452. Militia,York County,ofold,78,162,167, 481,516,527,565,579- Mails,Early,494 Mason's and Dixon'sLine,119,321,326, 5S4. N. Naturalization,Early,65,66. Negro Conspiracy to Burn York,387. New York Prison Ships,310. North Point,Battle of,475. O. Old Residents ofYork,464. Old Time AdvertLsenients,York,560. Palatinate Reformers,13. Palatinate,Devastation of,318. Penn,William,143. Paine,Thomas,219. Prisoners,York Revolutionary,310,314 516,522. Pennsylvania Germans,iS,318.533. PastimesofourGrandparents,32S. Presbyterian Church,York,344. Prisoners,Revolutionary,at York,151 504,523,524. Pow-wowingin Pennsylvania,263. Prices in York,1779,303. R. Roads,Early,in YorkCounty,22,65,32S. Revolutionary Militia fromYorkCounty 156,182,516,527. Railroads,Early,174,500.Revolutionary Societies,235.Riots in York,141 339,340. Revolution,York County Troops in,156, 1S2,402,516,527. Revolt of Penna.Line in York,413,569.Revolutionary Accounts,York,548.Rates in Inns ofold,5S3. S. Settlements,Early,17,24,50. Surveys,Early,68. j Shenandoah Valley,94,126. I Spengler Hall,Virginia,102. Stonewall Brigade,103. Sifety Committee,York,157. Stage Lines,Early,174. Stevens,Hon.Thaddeus 206,567. Slavery in York County,213,321,576. Spengler Kin in Germany,3,7,238. Spengler,Lazarus,249. Spengler,Rudolph,EstateAccount,270. Spengler,Baltzer,Estate Account,354. I Spengler,Mai;dalena,EstateAccount,356. j Spenglers,The German,I,4. Smith,Hon.James,390. Slagle,Col.Henry,436,451- 'Slavery in York County,213,321,576. Swoope,Col.Michael,114,298,301,316, 527- St.Patrick'sChurch,York,343. Transportation,Early,65,328. Theatricals,Early,in Yo'-k,358. ToryRector.Y'ork,Duckingof,349. i Threshing,Early,352. United Brethren Church,York,196,345. Van Buren,President,Visitto York,276. I Washington,President,Visit to York :158.470- Weilerunder Steinsberg,7. Witchcraftin Pennsvlvania,49,263. [Wagonsofold,66,266. 1 War oftSt2-I4,iji,162. HISTORICAL INDEX. Whipping Post,York,i68. Whiskey Insurrection,173. Worms,Dietat,250. Washington,Gen.,Funeral Obsequies atYork,473. Y. York,Layingout of,140,332. York,Incorporation of,158.York Commodities,1779,303-York'sDead inTrinityChurch,NewYork, 314. York County Troops in the Revolution, 402,516.' York Troops atNorth Point,478.York,Conspiracy to Burn,387.York County Militia,78,162,167,16: 487,527,565,579- York's First Courts,496.York Riflemen at Boston,511. York Industrial Parade,1788,335.York Prisoners in NewYork,115,310.York Canal,1S8. York Revolutionary Accounts,548.York Brass Band,iSoo,474.York County,Slavery in,213,321,576. GENEALOGICAL INDEX. The names ofthe children ofthe living,(exceptin fewinstances,as in thetext), and of the husbandsand wives of lineal descendants,are notgiven. Adams,Sarah 109 Adler,Laura V 210 Albro,Amanda 155 Albright,Philip 86 Aldinger,Susan 78 Allen,Anna 34 Allison,Jane 189 Allison,Louisa 94 Altland,Amanda 47 Alwine,Elizabeth 70 Anderson,Margaret..101 Armstrong,Ellen F...107 Armstrong,Mary K 107 Armstrong,Caroline..107 Armstrong,Roberta...107 Armstrong,Annie C..107 Ashentelder,Catherine 83 Aspey,Lenah 132 Aspey,Nancy 133 Aspey,Lydia 133 Aspey,Isabella 133 Aspey,Robert 133 Atticks,Emma 78 Atticks,Laura V 33 Aughenbaugh,Cath..134 Austin,Mary 61 Austin,Jacob M 61 Austin,J.W.C 61 B Bacon,Martha 222 Bahn,John 35 Bahn,Magdalena 35 Bailets,Georgia 32 Baker,Judith 23,113 Baker,Elizabeth 28 Baker,Jacob 28 Baker,Kate 2S Baker,B.S 29 Baker,Hattie 79 Baker,Mary 113 Baker,Eva 113 Baker,Catherine 113 Baker,Mary E 210 Bales,Emily 99 Bales,Sallie 59 Ballmer,Carrie A Ill Barnhart,Fannie 41 Barber,Susan 79 Bare,Charlotte S 190 Bare,Israel 190 Bare,Harry 190 Bare,Maria 190 Bare,Jesse 190 Bare,Elizabeth 190 Barnitz,Catherine....184 Barnitz,Catherine....195 Barnitz,John C 195 Barnitz,Frederick A.195 Barnitz,George C 195 Barnitz,Clara E 195 Barnitz,Cassandra S.196 Barnitz,Henrietta L.196 Barnitz,Jerome T....196 Barnitz,James 196 Barnitz,Elizabeth 196 Barnitz.Mary C 196 Barnitz,Charles'H....196 Barnitz,Geor.!je P 196 Barnitz,Alice M 196 Barnitz,Latrobe M..196 Barnitz,Margaret J..196 Barnitz.George A....202 Barnitz,Jonathan D..203 Barnitz,Michael D...202 Barnitz,Prank H....202 Barnitz,Mary J 202 Barnitz,Laura 202 Barnitz,Annie 202 Barnitz,Camilla 202 Barnitz,Rebecca 203 Barnitz,George E....203 Barnitz,David 203 Baum,Catherine 36 Bean,Henrietta 105 Beard,Mrs 30 Beck,Amanda 36 Beck,Lillie 78 Behrer,John 73 Bender,Polly 231 Benner,Virginia 38 Benjamin,Kate 29 Bennett,Mary 155 Bentzel,Sallie 47 Bentzel,Harry 47 Bickle,Elizabeth 226 BiclUe,Frederick 226 Bickle,Hannah 226 Bickle,Juliana....149,226 Biokle,John 226 Bickle,Magdalene 226 Billet,Eliza 62 Black,Elizabeth 73 Black,Mary 73 Black,Charles 73 Black,Herbert 73 Black,Hattie 73 Black,Maggie 73 Black,John 73 Black,Hannah 135 Black,Calvin 135 Black,Henry 135 Black,John 135 Black,Elizabeth 135 Black,Susan 136 Bleck,Christiana 202 Bogne,Mary 191 Bohn,Catherine 79 Bohn,Alexander 79 Bohn Mary t 79 Bollinger,Elizabeth...36 Bosserman,Susanna..31 Bott,Caroline 47 Bott,Mary 190 Bowman,Mary 94 Bowman,Eliza.M 98 Bowman George H 98 Bowman,Fannie 98 Boyd,Elizabeth 109 Boyd,Sarah 84 Boyd,Caroline E 196 Beyer,Sarah 36 Boyer,Mary 83 Boyer,George 83 Boyer,Jonas 83 Boyer,Jacob 83 Boyer,Henry 83 Boyer,John 83 Boyer,Sarah 83 Boyer,Catherine 92 Boyer,Harry 92 Boyer,Catharine 92 Boyer.Nancy 92 Brough,Lydia 232 592 GENEALOGICAIv INDEX. Brough.Spangler Brough,Jacob Brough,Margaret Brough,Catherine.... Brough,Elijah Brough,Andrew Brough,Annie Brough,Elizabeth Bream,Anna Brenneman,Mary A.. Brenner,Catherine — Brenner,Louisa Brinkerhoft,Margt.... Brinkerhoff,Wm.M. Brinkerhoff,F.C Brinkerhoff,Ida M... Brown.Helen Brown,Eugene L. Brown.Hannah Brown,Anna R Brown,Elizabeth Brown,Mary Brubaker,Lucinda Buckey,Maria M.214, Buckey,Jacob M Buckey,Clarence P Buckey,Kemp P Buckey,Rido L Budding,Elizabeth... Budding,Calvin C... Budding,Blanche Budding.Anna Budding.Joseph Budding.Susannah... Bull,Sarah S Bull,Margaret C Bull,Charlotte M.... Bull,Sarah S Bull,Edward S Bull,Emma J Bull,Eliza J Bull,Levi Bunt,Florence Burk,Jane Burton,Elizabeth Bush,Leah Cannon,Mary 31 Cannon,John 31 Cable,Fannie 215 Cable,Ebert S 215 Cable,Maria L 215 Cable,Colin 215 Cable,Kirk L 215 Cable,Frank S 215 Callender,Clara 41 Campbell,Sarah M...214 Campbell,Florence...214 Carringer,Anna M 191 Carringer,Anthony...191 Carringer,George 191 Carringer,Daniel 191 Carringer,Louisa 191 Carringer,Howard...192 Carringer,Chester 192 Carringer,Sarah 192 Carringer,Anderson..192 Carringer,Milo 192 Carringer,Rebecca...192 Carringer,Edward...192 Carringer,Austin 192 Carringer,Effle 192 Carringer,Marie 115 Carl,Adeline E 187 Carl.Belle 187 Carlisle,Amy 187 Carper,Leah 46 Carrothers,Eleanor...218 Case,Lucy 215 Case,Flora 215 Casper,Mrs.Jas IOC Cathcart,Mary 164 Chenauweth,Ida 30 CUippering,Margt.L.171 Clippinger.Geo.H....171 Clouder,Laura E 203 Clouder,Jeo.E 203 Cobean,Mary E...160 166 Cobean,Thomas B 166 Cobean,Alexander 16b Cobean,Samuel A 166 Cobean,William 166 Cobean,'Mary Ann 166 Cohoe,Carrie 217 Coleman,Elizabeth...206 Coleman,Chas.M....205 Coleman.Lizzie 98 Condo.Rebecca 64 Condo,Edward J 64 Connelly,Mary 30 Connelly,John S 30 Connelly,William S..30 Cook,Lydia 135 Cook,Catherine 98 Corlen,Caroline 96 Cornelius,Hannah M.218 Cornelius.Edith 218 Coy,Ada 73 Coy,Jennie 73 Coyle,Ida F 217 Craumer,Harriet 153 Craumer,Spangler 153Craumer,John 154 Craumer,Joseph 154 Craumer,William 154 Crawford,Jennie 221 Crawford,Mary E 106 Crawford,Anna S 107 Crawford,Mary A 107 Crawford,Mary 70 Crawford,Robert W..107 Cremer,Maria M 51 Cremer,Daniel 61 Cremer,Albert 61 Cremer,Edward 61 Cremer,John 61 Cremer,Jacob 61 Crider,Sarah 35 Cressler,Ellen 44 Crone,Sarah 27 Crone,Elizabeth 28 Crone,George 28 Crone,Levi 28 Crone,John 28 Crone,Jonas 28 Crone,Mary A 137 Croll,Bertha 187 Crossfield,Camelia H..169 Crowell,Jennie 31 Cunningham,Eliza'h.53 Cunningham,Wm 53 Cunningham,Geo 53 Cunningham,Eli 53 Cunningham,David...53 Dakln,Laura M 180 Dakin,Charles S 180 Daly,Eliza 30 Daniels.Eliza 31 Daniels,John E 31 Daniels,Joseph 31 Daniels,Martha 31 Daniels,Jacob 31 Daniels,Caroline 31 Daniels,John 31 Daniels,Charles 31 Daniels,Walter 31 Danner,Mary 28 Danner,Anna 39 Davis,Anna 39 Davis.Annie F 155 Deardorf,Sarah 28 DeArnment,Margaret 58 DeArnment,Minnie..192 Deatrick,Sophia 45 Deatrick,Nicholas 45 Deatrick,William W.45 Deatrick,William 45 Deatrick,John B 45 Deatrick,E.Ransom.45 Deatrick,Anna M — 45 Deatrick,Michael 45 Deatrick,Howard N..45 Deatrick,Jacob S 45 Deatrick,Abraham — 45 Deatrick,Jacob 46 Deatrick,Daniel 46 Deatrick,Rudolph 46 Deatrick,Michael W.45 GENEALOGICAI.INDEX. Deatrlck,George 46 Deatrick,W.H 46 Deatrick,Samuel 46 Deatrick,David 46 Deatrick.Susan 46 Deatrick,Margaret...46 Deatrick,Catherine....46 Deatrick.Sarah 231 Deatrick,Augustus...231 Deatrick,Daniel 231 Deatrick,George 231 Deatrick,Boures 231 Deatrick,Edward 231 Decker,Anna Maria..69 Decker,Anna M S4 Decker,John 84 Decker,Samuel 84 Decker,Daniel S4 Decker,David .54 Decker,Emma 84 Decker,Peter 84 Decker,ICenry 84 Dellinger.Anna M.C.52 53 Dellinger Wm.A 53 Dellinger,Henry ?3 Dellinger,Mirhaci....53 Dellinger,Charles 53 Dellinger,Charlotte..57 Delebaugh,Charlotte.13« Delp,Cassie 82 Demuth,Charles F....211 Demuth,Maria M....211 Demuth.Susm 211Demuth,Julia 211 Deitsch,Ahbio.190 Denegre.Mary R 220 Dennis,Mary a3 Derland.Jennie G "5 Deterick,Alice 27 Detter,Catherine 36 DeWitt,Susan M 187 DeWltt,Wm.R 187 Diehl,Anna M SI Diehl,Sarah 91 Diehl,Christina 124 126 Diehl,Peter 126 Diehl.Henry I'j6 Diehl,Samuel 126 Diehl.M.V 123 Diehl,Nichols:^126 Diehl,Annie M lOi Diehl,Henry S 191 Diehl,Jesse 191 Dierdorff,Ada'ine....2Z'c Dierdorff,Charles 232 Dierdorff.Latimer 232 Dierdorff.William....232 Dierdorff.Clinton 232 Dierdorff.Burties 232 Dietrick.Maria M 2i4 Dietrick,Louisa 220 Diller,Annie 29 Ditti,Magdalena..69 84 Doll,Sarah 27 Donnell,Rebecca 206 Donnell,Charles 206 Doty,Margaret 207 Doty,Frederick 207 Doty,Giles 207 Doty,Harry 207 Downs,Clara 101Drawbaugh,Kate 29 Drawbaugh,Amanda.33 Dritt,Mary 160176 Dukes,Laura Ill Dukes,Mary Ill Druck,Minerva 63 Dumeresq,Annie 83 Dunning,Arabella,,..223 Dyer,Isabella 36 E Earley,Sarah 55 Earley,Daniel S 55 Earley,Sarah E 55 Earley,Robert 55 Earley,Rebecca 55 Earley,Emma L 55 Earley,Nancy 55 Earley,Louise 55 Earley,Barnet S 55 Eby,Mary 45 Eby,Susan 82 Eberly,Elizabeth 45 Eberly,Lucy 104 Eberly,Joseph S 104 Eberly,Letcher S 104 Eck,Charlotte 224 Eck,John A 224 Eck,Amanda K 224 Eck,Weter..224 Eckert,Sarah 63 Edwards,Louisa H...169 Eichelberger,Maria..194 Eichelberger,Cath.V.221 Eichelberger.Harry M.221 Eichelberger.Katie....221 Eichinger,Judith 113 Eisenhart,Anna 47 Elliot,Margaret M...162 Elliot,William F 164 Elliot,Florence M....164 Elliot,Prank S 164 Elliot,Thomas E 164 Elliot,J.M.D 164 Elliot,Walter L 164 Elliot,Daisey M 164 Elliot,Charles L 164 Elliot,Louisa S 164 Ellis,Mary M 169 Ellis,George E 169 Ellis,Thomas C 169 Ellis,Eliza M 170 Ellis,Paul H 170 Emig,Eve 25 46 Emig,Sarah...27 47 48 Emig.John 46 Emig,Christina 47 Emig,Susan 94 Emswiler,Henry 110 Emswiler,Michael 110 Emswiler,Charles....110 English,Susan 30 Ennis,Sallie M 96Enny,Leah 58Enny,George 58 Enny,Thomas 58 Enny,John H 58 Eppley,Julia Ann....54 Eppley,Jacob 54 Eppley,Barbara 81 Erb,Judith 48 Erskine,Georgia A....170 Eshleman,Elizabeth C 96 Eshleman,Anthony...96Eshleman,Wm.L....96 Eshleman,Mattie E..96 Eshleman,Carey W..96 Eshleman,Asbury 96 Essig,Peggy 45 Essig,Esther 45 Evans,Margaretta...203 Evans,Edward J 203 Evans,Fannie E 204 Evans,Margaretta B 204 Evans,Mary P 204Evans,Anna 60 Ewell,Julia R 221 Eyster,Sarah..27,37,47,80 Eyster,Elias 27,48 Eyster,Elizabeth....47,93 Eyster,Adam 47 Eyster,Jacob 47,94 Eyster.Henry 47 Eyster,Israel 47 Eyster,Peter 47,48 Eyster,George 47 Eyster,Samuel 48 Eyster,Martin 93 Eyster,Michael 93 Eyster,Clay A 76 Eyster,Leah 76 Eyster,Sarah C 76 Eyster,Annie J 76 Eyster,A.Franklin..76 Eyster,William 93 Eyster,John 94 Eyster,Charles 94 Eyster,Eliza 94 F Fackler,Kate 231 Falton,Margaret 134 594 GENEALOGICAL INDEX. Fells,Ella 39 Few,Mary 214 Few,Coline S 214 Fiaier,Sarah 46 Fidler,Jacob W 46 Fidler,John W 46 Fidler,Sophia 46 Fisher,Elizabeth 33 Fisher,John F 166 Fisher,William 166 Fisher,Helen D...184,211 Fisher,Cassandra 189 Fisher,Henry 189 Fisher Emanuel 189 Fisher,William..189 Fisher,Emma 210 Fisher,Julia M 211 Flanigan,Harriet 135 Flynn,Agnes 219 Plynn,Florence J 60 Foose,Susan 216 Ford,Evelyn 220 Forney,Bessie 207 Porst,Rebecca 63 Frey,Sarah 40 Prey,Mary i 52 Frey,William 52 Frey,John 52 Frey,Charles 52 Frey,Rebecca A 216 Prey,Mary C 216 Pugette,Mary G 210 Funk,Mrs.Lsaac 100 Funk,Mary 109 Funk,Eliza 231 Purst,Lydia J 218 Purst,Robert G 21S Furst,Guy H 218 Furst,Luther 218 Furst,Edgar 218 Furst,Henry 218 Furst,Miriam 218 Q Gallatin,Anna 37 Gamber,Mary 60 Garber,Mary 73 Garber,Bertha 73 Garber,Bella 73 Garber,Attie 73 Garber,Clinton 73 Gardner,Mary 32 Gardner,Myra 33 Gardner,Lizzie 44 Garretson,Sallie V....189 Garver,Leah 81 Geiselman,Caroline...232 Geiselman,George 232 Geiselman,Lulle 232 Geiselman,Kate 232 Genther,Margaret....224 215 Genther,Charles. Genther,Bayard... Genther,William. Gentzler,Mary Getz,Rebecca Gift,Lydia A 132 Gilberthorpe,Cath....186 Gilleland,Eleanor 169 Gilleland,Julia A 169 Gilleland,Mary M....169 Gingerlch,Susan 82 Gingerich,Kate 82 Ginter,Jane 189 Ginter,Ferdinand S..189 Gise,Lillie 74 Goehenauer,Lovina..31 Gochenauer,Charles..31 Gochenaeur,Charies..31 Gochenauer,Joseph....31 Gochenauer,Jesse 31 Godshall,Sarah 29 Glatfelter,Sarah 94 Goodling,Caroline....110 Goods.Lizzie L 97 Gotwalt,Mary D 189 Gotwalt,Milton S 189 Gotwalt,Ida K 189 Gotwalt,Samuel H 189 Gotwalt,Arthur C...189 GraefC,Elizabeth 47 Graeff,Maria 47 Green,Amelia 187 Griffith,Eliza K 35 Griffith,Oliver K 35 Griffith,Harriet A 35 Griffith,William C...35 Griffith,Levi J 35 Griffith,David S 35 Griffith,Abraham K..35 Grim,Adeline V 180 Grove,Elizabeth 105 Grove,George W 105 Grove,Ola 105 Grove,Carl 105 Grove,Virginia 105 Grove,Silas B 105 Grove,Susan B 105 Groscost,Louisa 70 Grove,Susan L 134 Gross,Mary 35 Guard,Catherine 134 Gueyer,Margaret 133 Gueyer,Dorothy 134 Gueyer,G 134 Gueyer,V 134 Guilloma,Annie 79 Gungle,Elizabeth 33 H Halderman,Mary J..217 Halderman,Reb.S....217 Halderman,BerthaP..217 Halderman,Edna S..217 Hall,Jane 72 Hall,Orval 72 Hall,Ira 72 Hall,Blanche 72 Hall,Wyatt 72 Hall,Leah 92 Hall,Emma 92 Haller,Caroline 220 Hamilton,Caroline....60 Hammett,Polly 90 Hammett,John 90 Hammett,George 90 Hammett,Adeline 90 Hammett,Eliza 90 Hammett,Mary 90 Handley,Alice 30 Hank,Margaret 57 Hantz,Lydia 35 Harbaugh,Vinton JC9 Harbaugh,Theodore..109 Hare,Lucy 230 Harlacher,Mary A...34 Harlacher,Samuel 34 Harlacher,Calvin 34 Harlacher,William....34 Harlacher,Clayton...34 Harlacher,Mary 27 Harlan,Addie K 217 Hargis,Florence 194 Harn,Lizzie S 96 Harner,Lydia 38 Harrigle,Amanda 33 Harrington,Mary 30 Hart,Rebecca 132 Hart,Henry 132 Hart,Jacob 132 Hart,George 132 Hart,Catherine 132 Hart,John P 132 Hart,James S 132 Hart,David S 132 Harvey,Mary 192 Hawkins,Nellie 30 Hawley,Kate 101 Hay,Helena i9U Hay,John 190 Hay,George 190 Hayden,Jane 134 Heckert,Salome S....109 Heckert,George 109 Heckert,Ellen S 109 Heckert,Charles H..109 Heckert,Benjamin....109 Heckert,George T....109 Heckert,George B....109 Heckert,Frank 109 Heckert,Sarah 109 GENEALOGICAL INDEX.595 Heckert,Charles 109 Heckert,Jacob 109 Heckert,David 109 Heckert,Mary 109 Heckert,Albert 109 Heckert,Frank H,...109 Heckert,Katie tOH Heckert,Howard 109 Heckert,Henry C 109 Heckert,George W....109 Heckert,Oscar 109 Heckert,John 109 Heckert,John 109 Heckert,Benjamin A.109 Heckert,Carrie 109 Heckert,Hattie 109 Heckert Salome 109 Heckert,Henry 109 Heckert,Dollie 109 Heckert,Edward P..109 Heckert,Edward 109 Heckert,Claude 109 Heckert,Annie 110 Heckert,Mary 153 Hedelbaugh,Louise...52 Hellman,Maria 83 Heindel,Amanda 36 Heindel,Leah 32 Heindel,Edward 52 Heindel,William 52 Heindel,Susan 52 Heindel,Rebecca 32 Heindel,Henry S 52 Heindel,Charlotte 52 Heiner,Elizabeth 83 Heist,Mary 100 Heist,Harriet 133 Helker,Catherine 84 Helker,Joseph 84 Helker,Daniel 84 Hendricks,Reb 216 214 Hendricks,John 216 Hendricks,Maria 216 Henkel,Margaret 210 Herbach,Elizabeth....108 Herbach.John O IJS Herbach.Tanner 108 Herbach,Eliza lOS Herbach,Mary luS Herbach,Anna 103 Herbach,Andrew J..108 Herbach,Amelia 108 Herbach,Leonard 108 Herbach.Perry 108 Herbach,John 108 Herbach,Eliz 108 110 Herbach,Lafayette...108 Herbach,Frederick...108 Herbach,Elizabeth....88 Herman,Annie L 109 Herman,Catherine....94 Herman,Charles 94 Herman,Emanuel 94 Herman,Jacob 94 Herman,William 94 Herr,Catherine M Herr,Viola 29 Herr,Emerson 29 Herr,Barbara 29 Herr,Jacob 29 Herr,Harry 29 Herr,Abraham 29 Herr,Christian 29 Herr,Mary 29 Herr,George 29 Herr,William 29 Herr,Margaret J 2^1 Herr,John 2:i Herr,Fannie 221 Herr,George 221 Herr,Lizzie 221 Hersh.Nancy 169 Hersh,John 169 Hersh,George H 169 Hersh,McClellan 169 Hersh,Francis E 169 Hersh,John N 169 Hersh,William M 170 Hersh,George 170 Hersh Geo.Ed 170 Hersh,Geo.Ed..Jr...170 Hersh,Charles H VI Hersh,Rosina E 171 Hersh.Samuel S 171 Hersh,Grier 171 Hersh,Franklin 171 Hersh,Catherine M...171 Hersh.George G 171 Hersh,Maggie 171 Hersh,William M....171 Hersh,James 171 Hersh,William 171 Hersh.Franklin 171 Hersh.Nelson 171 Hersh,George M 171 Hersh.Allen 171 Hersh,Nancy M 171 Hersh,Paul 171 Hershey,Clara 79 Hess,Alice 38 Hess,Emma V 41 Hetrlck,Leah 37 Hetrick,Catherine....191 Hibner.Sarah E 153 Hibner,Edward 153 Hibner,Annie K 153 Hibner.Henry S 153 Hibner,George W lu'i Hibner.William M....153 Hibner.Benjamin P..153 Hiltabridle,Jennie 39 Hinkle,Elizabeth 38 Hinkle,Margaret 210 Hippee,Louisa 168 Hippee,Frank M 168 Hippee,Annie 168 Hippee,Mary 168 Hippee,Louis 168 Hively,Susan 62 Hively,George 62 Hively,Enos 62 Hively,William 62 Hively,Sarah 62 Hoagland,Herbert 71 Hoagland,Sarah 71 Hoagland,Mahala 71 Hook,Jennie 74 Hoffheins,Julia A....42 Hoffheins,John A 42 Hoffheins,T.B 43 Hoffheins,Lydia 43 Hoffheins,Clara 43 Hoffheins,Julia 43 Hoffheins,Lillie D....43 Hoffheins,Charles N..43 Hoffheins,Samuel 43 Hoffheins,Amelia 82 Hoffman,Lillie 36 Hoffman,Sarah 37 Hoffman,Elizabeth...82 Hoke,Sarah 27 Hoke,Elizabeth 175 Hoke,Priscilla 91 Hoke,Lydia 92 Hoke,Teresa 94 Hoke,Laura 135 Hone.Sarah 82 Horn,Amanda 136 Hook,Mary 59 Hosteter,Anna 36 Huber,S.B 56 Huber,Catherine 64 Huber,Ollie 64 Huber,Frank W 64 Huber,Henry 64 Hubley,Sarah E 27 Hudson,Sarah 135 Hudson,Susan 30 Hudson.Mary 135 Hudson,Mary 135 Hudson,Richard 135 Hudson.Charles 135 Hugo,Mary A 153 Hugo,Morgan H 153 Hugo,Osceola 153 Hugo.George 153 Hummer,Elizabeth...79 Hummer,Lydia 79Hummer,Leander 79Hummer.Addison 79 Hummer,Henry 79 Hummer,Ellsworth...79 Humpert,Catherine...39 GENEALOGICAL INDEX. Hunt,Lucy 109 Huntersleiter,Maga..126 Hupp,Catherine 97 Hupp,John S 98 Hupp,George P 98 Hupp,Georg-e B 98 Hupp,Irma S ..98 Hupp,Bruce F 98 Hupp,Joseph S 98 Hupp,Philip M 98 Hupp,Sarah J 98 Hutchins,Mary H....164 Hutchinson,Oath 22) I laeger,Mary 135 laeger,Nora 135 Ilg-entritz,Matilda 119 Ilgenfritz,Sarah 153 Immel,Elizabeth 136 al,John 136 Immel,Alexander 136 Iramel,Annie 136 Immel,Flora 136 Immel,Carrie 136 Immel,Mabel !;W el,Miriam IST el,John M 1^:6 3l,Jordan 136 Immel,Hannah 137 Immel,Ralph W IS" imel.Maria D j37 Immel,Daniel B 137 Immel,Daniel 137 Immel,A.W 137 Immel,Catherine 137 nmel,George 137 imel,Harry D 137 imel,Robert H 137 imel,Mary A 137 timel,Flora 137 Imschwiller,A.N....88 110 Imschwiller,Caper 110 Imschwiller,Jacob 110 Imschwiller,Lydia....:10 Imschwiller,Anna M..110 Jacobs,Florella 79 Jacobs,Rebecca 214,216 Jacobs,Theodore 216 Jacobs.Oliver P 216 Jacobs,George M 216 Jacobs.Wm.H 216 Jacobs,John D 216 Jacobs,Belle 232 Jackson,Eliza 223 Jackson,Jane 224 Jett,Emma 101 Johnson,Catherine....63 Johnson,Virginia 221 Johnson,Emma 221 Johnson,Louisa 221 Jones,Amanda 155 Julius,Susanna 36 Julius,Margaret 109 Kaler,Elizabeth 39 Kaltreider,Elizabeth..39 Kaltreider,Lydia 40 Kaltreider,Mary 40 Kaltreider,Rebecca...40 Kaltreider,Daniel 40 Kaltreider,Samuel 40 Kaltreider,Tobias 40 Kaltreider,Henry 40 Kaltreider,Levi 40 Kaltreider,Daniel 40 Kaltreider,George....40 Kamerer,Susan 63 Kann.Catherine 28 Kann,Katherine 69 Kann,Catherine S2 Kann,George 83 Kann,Henry 83 Kann,Daniel 83 Kann,Jesse 83 Kann,John 83 Kann,Michael 83 Kapp,Amanda 27 Kauftman,Susanna...32 Kauffraan,Elmer 32 Kauffman,Naomi 32 Kauffman,Annie 32 Kauffman,Mary 34 Kauftman,D.S 34 Kauffman.David 34 Kauffman,Joseph 34 Kauffman,Cath 34 Kauffman,Almira 34 Kauffman,Harriet....34 Kauffman,Martha S..34 Kauftman,Anna 34 Kauffman,Larinea 34 Kauffman,Emma 34 Kauftman,John R 34 Kauffman,Isaac 34 Kauffman,Margaret..34 Kauftman.Abraham..34 Kauftman,Abram.C.35 Keech,Annie E 136 Keech,John J 136 Keech,Robert 136 Keech.Leonard 136 Keech,Nevin 135 Keech,Edith 136 Keech,Morgan 136 Keech,Walter 136 Keech.Ralph 136 Keefe,Sarah E 153 Keiffer,Mary E 28 Kell,Jane 166 Kcll,John F Kell,James A Kell,William P Kell,Helen M Kell,Mary C Kell,Alfred M Kell,Jane F Kell,Eliza K Keister,Francis E.... Keister,Roselle Keister,Eva Keister,Carlos Keller,Mary Keller,Hannah Keller,Melvina Keller,Julian Kelley,Millie Kelso,Jane Kelso.Frank Kemp,Sarah Kemp,Charles T Kemp.Buckey Kemper,Hettie Kendall,Susan Kendrick,Clarinda.... Kendrick,Samuel E.. Kendrick,Charles H.. Kendrick,Clara S Kenner,Anna C Kcnner,Joseph W Kenner,Samuel F Kenner,William A.... Kenner,Charles L Kenner,Thomas W... Kerr,Mary Kesselring,Elizabeth.. Keys,Ingy Keyser,Mary Keyser,Wesley Keyser,Jacob Keyser,Mary E Kidd,Melvina Kiefer.Eleanor Kirfer.John B Kiefer,Joseph S Kiefer,Bessie Kiefer,John Kiefer.Clark Kiefer.Eleanor Kiefer,Henry Kiefer,Paul Kiefer.Richard Kiefer,Henry M Kiefer,Benjamin E.. Kinard,Lucinda Kindig,Amanda Kilmore,Mary C King,Nannie King,Catherine A King,Edw.Hersh King,Arabella GENEALOGICAL INDEX.597 King,Harry B 207 Kinsinger,lona H 64 Kirkman,Mary 205 Kiikness,Lydia 79 Klingeman,Susan 63 Kling-eman,Samuel...64 Klingeman,Henry 64 Kling-eman,Adam 64 Klingeman,Mary H..64 Klingeman,Sarah 64 Klingeman,John E...64 Klingeman,Harriet...64 Klingeman,Katie 64 Klingeman,Grover C.64 Klingeman,Laretta...64 Knaub,Catherine 41 Kochenauer.Barbara.S3 Kochenauer,Daniel...S3 Kochenauer,Samuel..83 Koontz,Eliz 149 223 Koontz,George A 223 Koontz,John 224 Koontz,Jacob 223 225 Koontz,Michael....223 225 Koontz,Francis 223 Koontz,George....224 225 Koontz,George L 224 Koontz,Mary E 224 Koontz,Spangler 225 Koontz,Calina 225 Koontz,Prank 225 Koser,Emma 43 Kraft.Elizabeth 155 Kraumer,Margaret...189 KufCman,Mary 134 Kunkel,Ella 27 Kunkel.Ida 32 Kunkel,John 33 Kunkel,Abram S 33 Kunkel.Mary S 33 Kunkel,Jesse 33 Kunkel,Roland 33 Kunkel.Samuel 33 Kunkel,John A 33 Kunkel,Daniel 33 Kunkel.Jacob S 33 Kunkel,Sylvester 33 Kunkel,James M 33 Kunkel,Allison 33 Kunkel,W.S 33 Kunkel,Albert 33 Kunkel,William 33 Kunkel,David 33 Kunkel,Jacob 33 L Larue,Addie 79 larue,Albert 79 Larue,Luther 79 Larue,Joseph 79 Lau,Rebecca 94 Lau,Israel 94 Lau.Catherine 94 Lauer,Lute 30 Lauer,Caroline 76 Lauer,John E 76 Lauer,Henry 76 Lauer,P.P 76 Lauer,Zachariah 76 Leas,Louisa 33 leas,Anna 33 Leathery,Mary 28 Leathery.Jesse 28 Leathery,Carilla 78 Lee,Regina V 95 Lee,Richard H 95 Lee,Amelia 224 Lee,George 224 Lte,Albert 224 Lee,Jane 224 lee,Charles 224 Lee,Susan 224 Lehen,Almernie 83 Leib,Mary 76 I.eib,Catherine 47 Leib,Abraham 47 Leinbach,Ellen T 204 Leinbach,Annie M....204 Leinbach,Mary 204 Leinbach,Mary E 204 Leinbach,John E i04Lefever.Lydia 26 Leitner,Susanna 137 Lemmon,Martha 39 Lemon,Polly 93Lemon,Catherine 93 Lemon,Blanche 93 Lemon,Paul 93 Lemon,Mark 93 Lenhart.Sarah 28 Lerew,Delila 79 Lewis,Keziah 132 133 Lewis,Ignatus 132 Lewis,Lenah 132 Lewis,Henry 132 Lewis,Robert S 132 Lewis.Margaret D 132 Lewis,Jacob N 132 Lichtenberger,Mary..29 Lichtenberger,Jas 30 Lichtenberger,Eli 30 Lichtenberger.Carrie.30 Lightner,Susanna 132 Lightner,Cassandra...133 Lightner,James 133 Lightner,Joseph 133 Lightner,John 133 Lightner,Mary 133 Lightner.Anna 133 Lightner,Susan 133 Lightner,Henry 133 Lightner.Ignatius 133 Lillich,Rebecca 230 Lillich,Amanda 37 liitchfield,Catherine..54 Little,Catherine 60 Lochman,Sevilla 70Lochman,Maria 166 Lochman,Harry D 166 Lock,Emma 106 Lohnberger,Cath 57 Lohnberger,Wm.A...57 Ijohnberger,Geo.W..57 Lohnberger.Godfrey..57 Long,Carrie A 33 30 Long,Catherine 60 Long,Rebecca 64 Long.Catherine 101 Long,H.M 101 Long,Lillie 101 Long,Rose 101 Long,Miller 101 Long,Amanda 105 Loueks,Matilda 47 Loucks,Edward 47 Loueks,John 47 Loucks.Sarah A 47 Loucks,Eleanor 47 Loucks.Emma 47 Loucks,Elizabeth 81 Loucks,Casper 81 Loucks.Amanda 225 I.udwig,Mary C 104 I'Udwig,Howard 104 I.udwig,Vernon 104 Ludwig,Lucy 104 Ludwig,Lucy 104 Ludwig.Marion 104 I'Udwig,Ernest 104 Lutz,Amanda 78 M Machir,Elizabeth 98 Machir,Philip A 98 Machir,Laura V 98 Machir,Fannie S 98 Machir,John A 99 Machir,Carrie H 99 Machir,Mary C 99 Machir,Lucy Ann....99 Machir,Susan 1 99 Machir,Catherine S..99 Machir,Joseph S 99 Machir.James W 99 Machir,Mery E 99 Maguire,Mary B 37 Maigne,Nancy M 170 Mantz,Ann M 219 March,Jane 28 Marion,Ada 109 Martin,Louisa 27,48 598 GENEAI.OGICAI.INDEX. Martin,Mary 39 Martin,Louisa 47 Martin,Rebecca 56 Martin,Daniel 56 Martin,Jolin B 56 Martin,Robert S 56 Martin,William L....56 Martin,John G 56 Martin,Sarah 60 Martin,Isabel 220 Marlie,Sophia 58 Matthews,Sarah J....56 MoGauley,Ida 72 MrGauley,John 72 McGauley,Mabel 72 McCauIey,Laura 73 McClean,Mary 150,155 McClellan,Mary M.160,167 McClellan,William....186 McClellan,William B.168 McClellan,Mary D....168 McClellan,Maria 169 McClellan,Baltzer S..169 McClellan,Anna E....171 McClellan,Maria D..171 McClellan,George W..171 McClellan,John H....171 McCurfly,Louisa M..214 McCurdy,Benjamin...215 McDowell,Ella 205 McDowell,Dora 214 McDowell.Helen 214 McDowell,Margaret J.216 McDowell.Nilay J..-.216 McDowell,James G..216 McDowell,William H.216 IS'cIlvain,John B 222 Mcllvain,Sarah 221 Mcllvain,Marie L....222 Mcllvain,William A..222 Mcllvain,Juliana 222McKay,Sarah 60 McKay,Lucy V 100 McKnight,Dorothea..192 McKnight,Joie 192 McKnight,Katie 192 McKnight,Eliza J 170 McNitt,Maggie R....216 Mcisenhelder,Sarah..28 Meixel.Caroline 28 Menges,Rebecca 46 Metzel,Eliza A 84 Metzler.Lucinda 33 Miller,Lida ?3 Miller,Lizzie 37 Wilier,Malinda 53 Miller,Elizabeth 62 Miller,Jacob 62 Miller,Zachariah 62 Miller,Benjamin 62 Miller,William 62 Miller,Jane 62 Miller,John 63 Miller,Catherine 63 Miller,Samuel 63 Miller,Annie 74 Miller,Elizabeth 84 Miller,Margaret 92 Miller,W.L 92 Miller,Fred S 92 Miller,Fannie 92 Miller,James H 92 Miller,Henry L 93 Miller,Otto H 93 Miller,Vienna 95 Miller.Joseph W 95 Miller,Hampson M 95 Miller,Frances C 98 Miller,Carrie M Miller,Robert M Miller,Willa M Miller,Laura V Miller.Thomas S Miller,A.Roberta... Miller,Mary L Miller,T.Shirley Miller,Elizabeth Miller.William Miller,Jane Forster. Miller,Lewis G.M... Miller,Laura C Miller,Jane F Miller,Mary F Miller,Lewis S.F... Miller,William P Miller,Ellen E Miller,A.H Miller,Maria M Miller,William S Miller,George W Miller,Daniel B Michey,Harriet Mmnich,Elizabeth... Mittendort,Margaret. Moore,Florence V... Moose.Elizabeth 70 Mosebrook,Emma 81 Motter,Adeline 209 Moul.Hettie A 82 Murphy,Amanda 26 Murphy,Mary S 96 Murphy,Mary E 96 Murphy,Philip A 96 Murphy.R.M 96 Murray,Ella 64 Musser.Catherine 52 Mustin,Helen 56 Mustin,Paul 56 Myers,Elizabeth..27,46,83 Myers,Mary.29,47,72,83,84 Myers,Minerva 232 Myers,Wesley 29 195 Myers,Lydia 37,59 Myers,Matilda 47 Myers,Henry 59,70 Myers,Jacob 59,72 Myers,John W 60 Myers,George L 60 Myers,Cora 72 Myers,Vernice 72 Myers,Preston 72 Myers,Frank 72 Myers,Emma 72 Myers,William 72 Myers,Elmer 72 Myers,Clement 72 Myers,Kate 72 Myers,Ira 72 Myers,Annie 83 Myers,John 83 Myers,Charity 91 N Naylor,Louisa 91 NefE,Elizabeth 57 Keff,Samuel 57 Neiman,Elizabeth 33 Nes,Elizabeth 184204 Nes,Charles 205 Nes,Samuel 205 Nes,George 205 Nes,Charles M 207 Nes,George F 207 Nes,Lucretia 207 Nes,Alfred 206 Nes,William 206 207 Nes,Henry 206 207 Nes,H.Gordon 207 Nes,Everett V 207 Nes,Gulick B 207 Nes,Frederick F 207 Nes,Charles,1 207 Nes,Mary E 207 Nes,David 207 Nes,Agnes F 207 Nes,William P 208 Nes,Jefferson 208 Nes,Hamilton 208 Nes,William J 208 NIssley,Mary 30 Nye,Susan 53 o Oswald,Susan L 186 Oswald,Mary M 186 Oswald,John B 186 Owen,Kate 41 P Painter,Mamie 98 GENEAI.OGICAL INDEX. Palmer,Harriet 64 Palsgrove,Anna 61 Parlett,Lucy 223 Parrott,Mary 202 Parrott,Marie Louise.202 Parrott,Daisy 202 Parton,Hattie N 79 Patterson,Louise 186 Patterson,Frances 217 Paul,Sarah B 153 Paxton,Mary S 131 Peckman,Catherine..45 Pentz,Anna 92 Pentz,Josephine 187 Pentz,Bransby C 187 Perigo,Arabella 153 Perry,Emma J Ill Peters,Susan 63 Petling,Susan 91 Phillips,Amanda 191 Picking,Elizabeth....28 Piper,Henrietta 135 Piper,Harriet 135 Piper,Jennie 135 Piper,Luther 135 Plymire,Rebecca 63 Polsgrove,Susanna 134 Polsgrove.Henry 134 Polsgrove,Thomas 134 Polsgrove.John 134 Fols^ove,Elmer 134 Power,Frank 192 Power,Louisa 192 Preston,Elizabeth M..71 Preston,Nelson 71 Preston.Edward 71 Preston,Cora 71 Preston,Susan 71 Price,Julia R 153 Prltchard.Lydia J....42 Putman,Mary P 96 Pyle,Lena 192 R Ramsey,Lydia 27 Radcliff.Mary 29 Randolph,Sarah 32 Rathfon,Lydia 39 Rathfon,Mary 39 Rathfon,Jonas 39 Rathfon.Ida 39 Rathfon,Jacob 39 Rauhauser,Mary 28 Kaver,George 191 Raver,Sallie 191 Reamer,Mary L 41 Rtdfern,Nora B 99 Reeder,Ellen S 209 Rellly,Clara M 101 Rein,Helena 180 Relslnger,Amanda 40 Replogle,Grace 73 Reushan,Susan 30 Kex,Polly 45 Rhoads,Kate 230 Rhodes,Maggie 30 Rich,Adaline 217 Fach.Harry 217 Richards,Mrs.B 100 Richards.Susanna 58 RIegel.Clara C 64 P.ieker,Clara 29 Rieker,Elizabeth 63 Riesen,Margaret A..211 Riley,Louisa 171 Riley,James D 171 Riley.William M 171 Rippatoe.Mary J 95 Ringwalt,Ella 169 Rively.Caroline 153 Roberts.Margaret 187 Robinson.Elizabeth...192 Robinson,Homer 192 Robinson,Thomas H..192 Robinson.Leander D..192 Robinson.Ithama 192 Rodkey,Jacob 39 Rodkey,William 39 Roth,Elizabeth 38 Roth,John 38 Roth,Sarah 38 Rouse,Mary 92 Rouse.E.C 92 Rouse.Mary 165 Royer,Sarah 39 Royer,Anna 39 Royer,Abbie 39 Royer,Frank J 39 Royer,William 39 Rudisill,Sevilla 47 Rudisill,Judith 51,58 Rudisill,Susan 58 Rudisill,Leah 92 Runk.Eliza 52 Kupp.Elizabeth 190Rupp,Mary L 190 Rupp,Margaret R 190 Rupp.Sarah S 190 Rupp.Hamilton B..,.190 Riipp,Francis H 190 Rupp.Daniel D 190 Ruppert,Sarah 94 Ruppert,Elizabeth....94 Ruppley,Emma 45 Ruprecht,Lewis 94 Russel.Mary S Ill Ruth,Barbara 81 Ruth.Franklin 81 Ruth,Susan 81 Rutherford.Virginia..100 Ryan,Elizabeth 59Ryan,Charlotte 59 Sagebeer,Nellie 218 Sargent,Julia 59 Schall,Eliza 40 Schall,John 40 Schall,Thomas B 40 Schall,Walter B 40 Schmidt,Mary 196,202 Schmidt,George B....200 Schmidt,John F 201 Schmidt,Henry D 201 Schmidt,John C 202 Schmidt,Katherine...202 Schmidt,Mary D 202 Schmidt,George S....202 Schmidt,George 202 Schmidt,Elizabeth....131 Schmidt,Joseph 131 Schmidt,William F...131 Schmidt.George G....131 Schreiner,Julia 59 Schreiner,George W..69 Schreiner,William H.59 Schreiner.H.M 59 Schultz.Malinda 64 Schrom,Adaline 62 Schwartz,Eva 63 Schwartz,Anna M 70 Schwartz,Joseph F..70 Schwartz,Barbara E..70 Schwartz,Justina 70 Schwartz,George N..70 Schwartz.William H..70 Schwartz.Luther A..70 Schwartz,Sarah L 70 Schwartz,David 70 Scoggins,Mary L.203 Scott,Leah 165 Scott.James 165 Sedan.Ellen 224 Selftert.Leah 36 Selffert,Mary A 190 Seltzinger,Julia C 133 Seitzinger,Isabella G.133 Seltzinger,Harry S...133 Seitzinger,Mary E 133 Seitzinger,Jennie M..133 Sell.Margaret 93 Sellers,Elizabeth N..56 Sellers,Delia M 66 Sellers,Walter S 56 Shaffer,Amanda 38,91 Shaffer,Eliza 61 Shaffer,Sevilla 79 Sharrets,Maggie 38 Sharrets,Rebecca 38 Sheaffer,Sarah A 37 Shekel,Caroline 54 Shellenb'ger,Amanda 52 Shellenb'ger,Rebecca 92 600 GKNEAI.OGICAL INDEX. Shelley,Harriet 31 Shields,Elizabeth 79 Shierry,Laura L lOB Shower,Charlotte 169 Shotts,Lizzie R 96 Shreiner,Catherine...205 Shreiner,Edward C...205 Shultz,Elizabeth 53 Shultz,Fannie 188 Shnltz,Louisa 190 Shultz,Alonza 190 Shultz,David P 19" Shultz,William 190 Shultz,Emma 190 Shultz,Henry H 190 Sipe,Kate 28 Slpe,Mary 33 Siple,Sarah 155 Slagle,Margaret..184,210 Slagle,Margaret 210 Slagle,John W 210 Slagle,C.B 211 Slagle,Henry S 211 Slagle,Cornelius B....211 Slagle,Charles F 211 Slater,James 71 Slater,Howard M....71 Slater,Cecil 71 Slater,Byron 71 Slater,A.N 71 Slater,George 71 Slater,Elsie 71 Slater,Ellas 71 Slater,Randolph 71 Slater,Grade 71 Slater,Vernon 71 Slater,Susan 71 Slater,John H 71 Slater,E.H 71 Slater,Ray 71 Slater,Bayard T 71 Slater,Vera Mary....71 Slaybaugh,Rebecca..79 Sloane,Anna L 232 Small,Rebecca 133 Small,Mary 1S4 Small,Jane M 187 Small,Henry J 187 Small,Charlotte G....189 Small,Sarah E 189 Small,Mary 208 Small,Daniel 208 Small,George F 208 Small,John E 208 Small,Annie F 208 Small,Cath.H 208 Small,Rudolph S 208 Small,William F 208 Small,Peter 209 Small,Robert F 209 Small,David 209 Small,John E 209 Small,L.Morgan 209 Small,Walter 209 Small,James B 209 Small,Charles B 209 Small,James H 209 Small,David J 210 Small,Luther A 210 Small,John 210 Small.M.P 210 Small,Lenah 132 Small,Robert 133 Smith,Christiana 46 Smith,Samuel D 46 Smith,John 46 Smith,Isaac 46 Smith,William 46 Smith,Franklin 46 Smith,Jesse D 46 Smith,Carrie B 192 Smith,Mary 57 Smith,Margaret V....216 Smyser,Catharine—183 Smyser,Charles M....186 Smyser,Sarah 214,215 Smyser,Clara L ISli Smyser,Mary C 186 Smyser,Martin 94 Smyser,Susan C 76 Smyser,Sarah 76 Smyser,Mary 78 Smyser,Rebecca 93 Smyser,Lucy 04 Smyser,Henry 94 Smyser,Jacob 94 Smyser,Charles 94 Smyser,Amanda 94 Smyser,Albert 94 Snelbaker,Lydia 28 Snelbaker,Levi 28 Snelbaker,Daniel 28 Snelbaker,Samuel—28 Snelbaker,Louisa 33 Snyder,Harriet 153 Snyder,Sarah 63 Snyder,Annie M 63 Snyder,Frank 63 Snyder,Pius 63 Snyder,Clara 73 Snyder,Nellie 73 Snyder,Sarah 73 Snyder,Sarah C 79 Snyder,Francis 79 Snyder,John W 79 Snyder,George H....79 Snyder,Minnie C 79 Somer,Elizabeth M..98 Southard,Emma F....100 Sower,Amelia 81 Spangler,Aaron 35 Spangler,Abraham..71,73 Spangler,Adam..40,50,90 Spangler,Ada E 207 Spangler,Adeline..90,179 Spangler,Agnes 230 Spangler,Albert..36,37,54 Spangler,Albert D....31 Spangler,Alberta May 32 Spangler,Alexander 52, 54,55,74,214,231 Spangler,Alice 72,lU,179 Spangler,Allen 133 Spangler,Allie 90 Spangler,Alpheus 93 Spangler,Amanda H.31,74 Spangler,Andrew 26,92,230 Spangler,Andrew M..163 Spangler,Anna....100,164 Spangler,Anna A 100 Spangler,Anna M..150,155 Spangler,Annie 217 Spangler,Annie K....231 Spangler,Annie L 54 Spangler,Anthony....93 Spangler,Alfred 179 Spangler,Ara F 77 Spangler,Arthur M..54 Spangler,Arthur N...77 Spangler,Augustus P.93 Spangler,Augustus J.39 Spangler,Austin R....39 Spangler,A.Franklin 231 Spangler.Baltzer 7,138,165 Spangler,Baltzer,Jr.l49, 156 Spangler,,Barbara....82 Spangler,Barney 81 Spangler,Barr....216,217 Spangler,Basil 92 Spangler,Benjamin...93 Spangler,Benjamin C.58 Spangler,Benj.F...76,207 Spangler,Benj.K 280 Spangler.Bernhard 25,35. 55,69,82 Spagler,Bert 74 Spangler,Bertha 179 Spangler,Bradley....37 Spangler,Bruce 135 Spangler,B.Frank....164 Spangler,Calvin....37,132 Spangler,Carl 179,186 Spangler,Carrie 54 Spangler,Carrie Ul Spangler.Caspar....57.61 Spangler,Cassandra..55 Spangler,Catherine 62,93, GENEALOGICAI.INDEX.601 Spangler,Charles 26,29, 35,53,73.74,88,89,90, 100,112,135,179,189,230, 231,439 Spangler,Charles A.3S,180 Spangler,Charles B..55,56 Spangler,Charles C.231 Spangler,CharlesE.112,179 Spangler,Charles F..54 Spangler,Charles H..190 Spangler,Charles M..131 Spangler,Charles S..163 Spangler,Charles W.32, 100,m Spangler,Chauncey K,77, Spangler,Clara 132 Spangler,Clarence 100 Spangler,Clayton 53 Spangler,Claggett 180 Spangler,Clement 55 Spangler,Clifton 90 Spangler,Clinton 231 Spangler,Clyde 73 Spangler,Collins 231 Spangler,Conrad 230 Spangler,Cora 72 Spangler,Cora E.M..164 Spangler,Cornelius....230 Spangler,Curier 216 Spangler,Curtis....32,231 Spangler,Cuthbert....99 Spangler,Cyrus 73 Spangler,Cinthia 90 Spangler,CD 90 Spangler,C.M 89 Spangler,David 30,32,35, 38,45,53,82,101,110,112, 179 Spangler,David C...32 Spangler,David M..32,45 Spangler,Daniel 26,30,32, 37,39,54,55,56,58,80,81, 88,90,160,178,179,230 Spangler,Daniel A...41 Spangler,Daniel J....38 Spangler,Daniel M...31 Spangler.Dora 179 Spangler,Dorothea....ISl Spangler,Edgar M 38 Spangler,Edmund 37 Spangler,Edward 82,91, 179,215,230 Spangler,Edward J..132 Spangler,Edward L..54 Spangler,Edward N..77 Spangler,Edward W 77, 200 Spangler,Edward W.Jr 77 Spangler,Elder 37 Spangler,EUas..41,53,81 Spangler,Elizabeth 33,38, 39,48,74,76,78,81.89, 90,165,214 Spangler,Eliza....32.231 Spangler,Ellen..37,74,191 Spangler,Elliott 188 Spangler,Elmer 54 Spangler,Ely Ill Spangler,Emanuel 27,52, 57,134,164,230,232 Spangler,Emerson 31 Spangler,Emma E....72 Spangler,Emma 32,72,179 Spangler,Euphemia...155 Spangler,Fannie 188 Spangler,Felix B 30 Spangler,Ferdinand L173 Spangler,Florence 73,217 Spangler,Francis 32,179, 217 Spangler,Frank 31,72,100 Spangler,Frank L....37 Spangler,Franklin 81,135 Spangler,Fred.M....32 Spangler,Frederick 41,53, 70,88,99,111 Spangler,Gabriel 74 Spangler,George 26,53, 54,70,71,74,80,90,129, 134,149,157,160,175,179, 230,417,424 Spangler,George A 38,179 Spangler,George I..41,90 Spangler,George K..27 Spangler,George L...l„i Spangler,George M..92 Spangler,George P...231 Spangler,George S...54 Spangler,George W 81,91 111,131,1d5,152,161,232 Spangler,Georgiana..164 Spangler,Gertrude....135 Spangler,Grace 71,134 Spangler,Grafton D..55 Spangler,Hamilton 37,38, 175,214,231 Spangler,Hannah 30 Spangler,Harris 92 Spangler,Harrison 32,54, lU,112 Spangler,Harriet..93,133 Spangler,Harry 74,131, 133,179 Spangler,Harry A....58 Spangler.Hattie 32 Spangler,Helen 133 Spangler,Henry 25,26,27, 32,36,40,41,57,58,64.69 70,71,231,72,128,131,134, 179,230,426 Spangler,Henry C.37,55 100 Spangler,Henry E 135,232 Spangler,Henry E 77 Spangler,Henry S 41 Spangler,Henry W.45,76 Spangler,Henrietta...230 Spangler,Hester 90 Spangler,Howard..62,231 Spangler,Howard H..Ill Spangler,Hugh....100,106 Spangler,Ida M 54 Spangler,Isaac 134 Spangler,Isabel 89 Spangler,Israel 53,74 Spangler,lola M 72 Spangler,Jackline....100 Spangler,Jacob 26,27,28, 29,30,32,36,38,39,44,52,55, 56,57,62,74,82,90,160. 175,179,184,188,191,230 Spangler,Jacob B 45 Spangler,Jacob G....195 Spangler,Jacob M..36,38 Spangler,Jacob R.37,45, 78.187 Spangler,Jacob W 35 Spangler.James 30,32,90, U2,217,231 Spangler,James W..230 Spangler,Jane 164,179 Spangler,Jennie 71 Spangler,Jerome 100 Spangler,Jesse 32,38,91, 184,188 Spangler,John 28,29,30, 35,37,41,44,52,53,56,57, 71,72,73,74,81,82,89,90, 110,133,134,149,154,160, 172,179,213,214,216,230, 426 Spangler,John A.39,74, 217,135 Spangler,John E..135,112 Spangler,John C.35,37, 38,62 Spangler,John Daniel 184, 191 Spangler,John F.62,130, 131,173 Spangler,John K....230 Spangler,John M 91 Spangler,John P 100 Spangler,John S..132,217 Spangler.John W.lU,133 Spangler.Joseph 25,27,28, 29,30,38,45,70,74,89,m,178,ISO,«9 Spangler,Joseph N...130 GENEALOGICAL INDEX. Spangler,Josephine 92,179 Spangler,Jonas 26,27.37, 38,44,51,56,81,426 Spangler,Josiah....93,191 Spangler,Julia A..76,217 Spangler,Julian 215 Spangler,Juliet S....77 Spangler,Judith 90 Spangler,J 55 Spangler,J.D 30 Spangler,Kate 71,72,90 Spangler,Kyle W 92 Spangler,Lafayette..20 Spangler,Laura 28,62,231 Spangler,Leander 215 Spangler,Lee 135 Spangler,Lee J 91 Spangler,Lemuel 100 Spangler,Lenah 134 Spangler,Leonard 111 Spangler,Levi 26,27,31, 55,92,99 Spangler,Lewis 81,93,111 Spangler,Lillian G....180 Spangler,Lincoln 29 Spangler,Linnie B....90 Spangler,Louisa 47,74 Spangler,Louise 133 Spangler,Louise M..77 Spangler,Lucinda 38 Spangler,Lulu 73 Spangler,Lydia 36,40,91, 93 136,164 Spangler,Mabel 73 Spangler,Mahlon A..37 Spangler,Malinda 230 Spangler,Marion 91 Spangler,Margaret 45,94, 112,164 Spangler,Martha....74,90 Spangler,Martin 132,134, 214,218 Spangler,Mary 27,29,45, 132,133,134,135,217 Spangler,Mary Frances Spangler, Spangler, Spangler, Spangler, Spangler, Spangler, Spangler, Spangler, 73,88,90, Spangler, Spangler, Mary M....54 Mathias....82 Matthew...90 Maud 135 McCandlass 153 McClellan..Ill Melvina 72 Michael 36,58, 92,93,180,191, 230,232,426 Michael H.161 Miller M..,.92 Spangler,Mollie 90 Spangler,Morris M..91 Spangler,Nancy 28,90,179 Spangler,Nathan 32 Spangler.Nathanlel 35,134 Spangler,Nellie 73 Spangler,Noah 81 Spangler,Nora 132 Spangler,Oiue B 112 Spangler,Orrin G....73 Spangler,Patrick 90 Spangler,Paul B 217 Spangler,Peter 26,72,74, 179,184,190,193 Spangler,Philip....94,426 Spangler,Philip H....100 Spangler,Pierce 74 Spangler,Pius 39 Spangler,Preston 90 Spangler,Rachel 57 Spangler,Ralph T....112 Spangler,Rebecca..32,57 Spangler,Reuben 62,81 Spangler,Robert....100,231 Spangler,Robert A....54 Spangler,Robert H..133 Spangler,Robert S 78 Spangler,Rolandus...58 Spangler,Rose A 188 Spangler,Roy 73,179 Spangler,Rudolph 25,44, 54,55,57,58,71,73,75, 191,428 Spangler,Ruth 164 Spangler,Sallie 217 Spangler,Samuel 27,29, 32,53,62,179,74, Spangler,Samuel D.. Spangler,Samuel H. 173 131 Spangler,Samuel M...Ill Spangler,Samuel P..217 Spangler,Sarah 28,93,178, 179,ISO,190 Spangler,Sebastian....29 Spangler,Seth 74 Spangler,Solomon 91,99, 231 Spangler,Solomon P..100 Spangler,Sue 217 Spangler,Susan 71,133,134 135 Spangler,Sydney 134 Spangler,Sylvester W 37 Spangler,S.T 30 Spangler,Theodore 77,207 Spangler,Theresa..77,207 Spangler,Thomas..90,134 178,179,190 Spangler,Thornton...110 Spangler,Virginia 105 Spangler,Walter 54.73,190 Spangler,Washington 175, 188 Spangler,William 27,29, 30,215,32,36,44,52,74, 81,82,89,99,134,153,HD, £13 Spangler,William A.62,217 Spangler,William B...230 Spangler.Wm.H.32,36 37,38,lU,130,131,135,164 Spangler,Wm.F...112,131 Spangler,Wm.N 215 Spangler,Wm.R Ill Spangler,Wiliam T..91 Spangler,William w..163 Spangler,Willis A....73 Spangler,Winheld....100 Spangler,W.C 37 Spangler,W.S Ill Spangler,Zachariah 52, 57,91,92,213,214 Spangler,Zachariah T 73 Spengler,Abraham 102 Spengler,Abraham S.97 Spengler,Abrara 103 Spengler,Ada V 135 Spengler,Alice 106 Spengler,Amos B..105,106 Spengler,Anna 6 Spengler,Anna Elizabeth 7 Spengler,AnnaMarg't 6 Spengler,Anna Maria 6 Spengler,Annie 105 Spengler.Annie R 97 Spengler,Anthony 88,101, ]02 Spengler,Arthur 103 Spengler,Baltzer....7,138 Spengler,Baltzer,Jr 149, 156,361,416 Soengler,Benjamin...105 Spengler,Bernhard 23,25, 50,80,434 Spengler,Blanche 97 Spengler,Caspar 13 Spengler,Charles 126 Spengler,Charles B..106 Spengler,Christian,...103 Spengler.Clara 105 Spengler,Columbia....105 Spengler,Cyrus 106 Spengler,David....88,110 GENEALOGICAL INDEX. Spengler,Daniel 105,149, 177 Spengler,Daniel H....97 Spengler,Edgar 97 Spengler,Edith 105 Spengler,Elizabeth SO,lOS Spengler,Frances F..102 Spengler,Frank 105 Spengler,Frantz 5 Spengler,Frederick..88,99 Spengler,Florence H..97 Spengler,George 3,4,5, 6,149,150,227 Spengler,George M..104 Spengler,George Michael 229,417,428 Spengler,George P....96 Spengler,Gertrude 97 Spengler,Hans 4,5 Spengler,i^ans Geo..6 Spengler.Hans Kasper 6 Spengler,Hans Rudolph 6 Spengler,Harriet 106 Spengler,Harry M 97 Spengler,Henry 6,116,124 426,435 Spengler,Herbert 105 Spengler,Hugh 106 Spengler,Isaac M.97,106 Spengler,Jacob 5,6 Spengler,Jacob C...27 Spengler,James 90.102,154 Spengler,Johann 3 Spengler,Johannes 6 Spengler,Johann Baltha- sar 7 Spengler,John 103,105,106, 149,426 Spengler,John George 124, 125 Spengler,Jonas..23.24,426 Spengler,Jorg Heinrich 6 116 Spengler,Joseph 95 Spengler,Judith..6,16,23 Spengler,Killian 4 Spengler,Laura V 97 Spengler,Lazarus 3 Spengler,Littleton L..102 Spengler,Lizzie 103 Spengler,Luther 105 Spengler,Luther R 131 Spengler,Margaret 97 Spengler.Martln 8,9,10,11 Spengler,Mary 103,105,106 Spengler.Mary E....97 Spengler,Mattie L....102 Spengler,Maxwell F..97 Spengler,Michael 149,426 Spengler,Moselle 97 Spengler,Nannie R..102 Spengler,Nannie 103 Spengler,Nathan R..102 Spengler,Nellie....105,135 Spengler,Olive B 97 Spengler,Parker M....131 Spengler,Patterson A.217 Spengler,Peter 4,7 Spengler,Peter A 103 Spengler,Philip 88,94,103 426 Spengler,Philip A....96 Spengler,Phiip C...103 Spengler,Philip Caspar 23,88 Spengler,Rea 30 Spengler,Richard H..96 Spengler,Rudolf 6,149 181,300,361,417 Spengler,Rudolph 23,44, 51,64,113,124,128,434 Spengler,Samuel..102,106 Spengler,Samuel h\.97 Spengler,Samuel W..97 Spengler,Sarah M....97 Spengler,Solomon..88,99 Spengler,Susannah 124, 126,127 Spengler,Urban 4 Spengler,Virginia..106,131 Spengler,Walter 103 Spengler,Wiliam....4,106 Spahr,Louisa 74 Speakman,Anna M 217 Speakman,Charles H.217 Speakman,Fred.F...217 Speck,Emma 190 Sprenkel.,..oulsa 27 Sprenkel,Elizabeth....27 Stable,James A 53 Stable.Mary 53 Stable.John W 54 Stable.R.S 54 Stable,Charles H 54 Stamhaugh,Ella 36 Stambaugh.Eliza 37 Stambaugb.Sarah 64 Stambaugh,Ellen...81 Stambaugh.Mary A..81 Stauffer,Luther 78 StauHer,Charles 78 Stauffer,Joseph 78 Stauffer,Mary 81 Stauffer,Anna M 78 Stauffer,John 78 Stauffer,Samuel 78 Stauffer.George 78 Stauffer,Edwin 78 Stauffer,Henry 78 Stauffer.Catherine....78 Stauffer,Abraham....78 Stauffer,Albert 78 Stapleton,Mary 135 Stapleton,Lillian 135 Stapleton,Ella 135 Stapleton,Howard 135 Stapleton,Harriet....135 Stapleton,Edna 135 Stapleton,Mitchell....135 Stayle,Sarah 92 Steel,Mary 57 Stein,Emma 55 Stein,Annie 232 Stellinger,Anna B....217 Stellinger,Mary 217 Stellinger,Barr 217 Steiner,Margaret E..38 Sterling,Ella M HI Sterling,Lydia 81 Sterner,Lydia 81 Sterrett,Jane 217 Stewart,Hannah 135 Stewart,W 135 Stewart,John 135 Stewart,Cecil 135 Stickel,Lydia 32 Stlckel,Belle 32 Stickel,Nathan 32 Still,Elizabeth 34 Stouffer,Amanda 232 Stough,Amanda 83 Stough,Margie 71 Stough,Emallne 88 Stover,Sallie 74 Stover,Elizabeth 36 Stover,Jacob B 37 Stover,tiamuel 37 Stover,M.37 Stover,Leah J 37 Strayer,Ida 231 Straber,Elizabeth 136 Straber,William 137 Straber,Annie 137 Straber,Margie 137 Straber,Edward 137 Straber,Cafherine....13T ,, Streber.Jacob 137 Streber,William 137 Striebig,Delilah 136 Striebig,John J 136 Striebig,George D....136 Striebig.Mary 136 Striebig,Eleanor 136 Striebig,Eliza 136 Striebig,Edward 136 Streber,Elizabeth,128,136 Strine,Rebecca 94 Stroman,Mary 83 Strong.Lydia 31 Strong,Nellie 31 Strong,Mildred 31 Strong,Walter 31 Sudlck,Catherine 223 604 GENEAI.OGICAI.INDEX. Sultner,Alice 91 Sunday,Susannah 78 Sunday,Catherine....78 Swartz,Lydia 36 Swartz,David 36 Swartz,Mary 180 Swartz,Peter 63 Swartz,William 63 Swartz,Jacob 63 Swartz,Isaac 63 Swartz,Henry 63 Sweigart,Emma 37 Swoope,Col,Michael 23, 114,298,301,363 Swoope,Mary 23,114 Swope,Lydia 42 Swope,Clarissa 42 Swope,Conrad S 42 Swope,George H 42 Swope,John Adam 42 Swope,James Adam..42 Swope,Samuel,Mc...42 Swope,John P 42 Swope,Samuel 42 Swope,David 43 Swope,Luther C 43 Swope,Gilbert B 43 Swope,Jessie B 44 Swope,Josephine R — 44 Tait,Susan 31 Talt,Joseph S 30 Tait,F.B 30 Tappenden,Minnie R..165 Tarbett,Elizabeth....163 Terratin,Lenora 79 Teunch,Mrs.T 100 Thaldorff,Mary 154 Thomas,Fannie 215 Thomas,Leah 81 Thomas,Mary 46 Thompson,Elizabeth..82 Thorpe,Lucy.101 Tracy,Emaline 109 Trone,Mary 63 Trostle,Alice 46 Trostle,Catherine 232 Trostle,Charles 232 Troup,Mary J 131 U Updike,Sallie E 96 Upp,Eliza A 221 Upp,Emma 221 Upp,Florence V 221 Upp,Mary A 164 Upp,William H 221 VanHorn,Amelia 224VanSickle,Cora J....93 Wagner,Margaret 165 W Wagner,D.Spangler..165 Wagner,Margaretta..165 Wagner,William G...165 Wagner,Ida 165 Wagner,Annie M 165 Wagner,Emma 165 Wagner,Lewis E 165 Wagner,Julia 165 Wagner,Mabel 165 Wagner,Catherine—70 Waidlich,Ann R 132 Waidlich,Charlotte....132 Waidlich,John D.S..132 Waidlich Ernest M....132 Waidlich,Sarah B....132 Waidlich,Jennie K...132 Waidlich,Mary B 132 Waidlich,William A..132 Waidlich,Ella M 132 Waidlich,Lula G 132 Waidlich,Mary J 133 Waidlich,Harriet 133 Waidlich,Kate 133 Waltz,Mary A 63Wauchope,Katherine E.. 107 Wauchope,Samuel K.107 Wauchope,Joseph A..107 Wauchope,Edward H.107 Wauchope,William C.107 Wauchope,Mary A..107 Wauchope.KatherineR 107 Warner,Martha 29 Warner,L.Kate 208 Wasser,Jane 53 Wasson,Sallie 190 Weakley,Harriet K..34 Weakley,Louise K....34 Weaver,Sarah J 38 Weaver,Sarah 70 Weathers,Carrie HI Webb,Mary K 163 Weidler,Elmira 72 Weidler,Mary 72 Weigle,Eliza 33 Weigle,James M 33 Weigle,Samuel 33 Weigle,Wesley 34 Weigle,Franklin 34 Weigle,Monroe 34 Weiser,Salome 55 Weiser,Susanna 58 Weiser,William J....58 Weiser,Emma F 60 Weiser,Irene Weiser,Anna M... Weiser,John A Weiser,Harry P... Weiser,George U.. Weiser,Sterrett P, Weiser,Anna Weiser,Erastus H, Weiser,William F. Weiser,Charles Weiser,Horace F... Weiser,Charles J.. Weiser,Anna J Weiser,Charles S 187 Weiser,Theodosia 187 Weiser,Mary Jane....221 Weitzel,Catherine....84 Wells,Harry 209 Wells,Mary 209 Welch,Sarah 214 Welsh.William H 209 Welsh,George P 209 Welsh,William G 209 Welsh,Susan 133 Welsh,Kate 54 Wentz,Eliza 28 Wertz,Kate 70 Wertz,Minnie 94 White,Emma R 180 Wiest,Catherine....25,4S Wiest,Jacob 25 Wlest,Anna Mary..25,49 Wiest,Christian 25 Wilhelm,Annie 155 Wilkins,Catherine....134 Wilklns,W.H 134 Wilkins,G.W 134 Wilkins,Florentine F 134 Williams,Susanna 57 Williams,Susan 81 Williams,Henrietta C.170 Williams,H.CuthbertliO Williams,Eleanor H..170 Wilson.Christina 60 Wilson,Florence 16S Wilson,Hattie B 219 Wilson,Lotitia 230 Wiltbank,Almarene..83 Wise,Mary 29 Wise Henry 64 Wissner.Ellen 224 Wolcott,Mary 191 Wollet,Annie 216 Wolf,Annie M 51,58 Wolf,Charlotte 55 Wolf,John 11,59,60 Wolf,Charlotte 55 Wolf.George 59 Wolf,Adam CO Wolf,Lewis 60 Wolf,William 60,61 GENEAI.OGICAL INDEX.605 Wolf, Wolf, 910