HomeMy WebLinkAboutFranklin County Illegal Dump Survey
PA \
Clean Ways
Empowering people to eliminate Illegal dumping and littering In Pennsylvania.
July 27,2009
Franklin County Planning
Administrative Annex
218 North Second Street
Chambersburg, PAl 720 1
RE: Results of Franklin County Illegal Dump Survey
Dear Planning Members:
I am pleased to provide you results from PA CleanWays' Franklin County Illegal Dump
Survey Final Report. Illegal dump surveys are a valuable tool that can be used by communities
for planning solid waste and recycling programs as well as garnering funds for education, cleanup
and abatement activities. The Franklin County survey identified 128 dumpsites containing an
estimated 180.5 tons of trash.
Funding for the Franklin County illegal dump survey was provided through a grant from
the Department of Environmental Protection. P A Clean Ways is not an enforcement agency and
will not bettusing the information gathered for any enforcement purposes.
A total of 4, 159 illegal dumpsites containing an estimated 14,493 tons of illegally dumped
household trash, appliances, tires, household hazardous waste, construction and demolition waste,
furniture, vehicle parts, and electronics have been identified thus far in 37 counties across the
state since 2005. Surveys are available for download on our web site at
http://www.pacleanways.orglIDS/ids index.html. I hope that you will find this information both
educational and useful.
In addition, you can now report your cleanup results of surveyed dumpsites via the P A
CleanWays website. Reporting your results helps PA CleanWays track and benchmark cleanup
activities across the state. Reporting only takes a few minutes and can be done at
http://www . pacleanways.orglpacwreportingform. html.
Since 1990, PA CleanWays has helped local municipalities, watershed groups, and
concerned citizens across the Commonwealth to clean up over 10,000 tons of trash from their
communities. If you would like to learn more about how to utilize this valuable tool within your
community or about how P A Clean Ways can assist you in your efforts to address illegal
dumping, please call toll free at 877-772-3673.
Sincerely,
?.dI;(.t---(
Todd M. Crouch
Program Manager
105 West 4th Street. Greensburg, PA 15601
Phone: 724-836-4121 Toll free: 877-772-3673 Fax: 724-836-1980
www.pacfeanways.org
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PA
Clean Ways
Empowering people to eliminate
illegal dumping and littering
in Pennsylvania.
Since 1990, PA CleanWays has been dedicated to empowering
people to eliminate illegal dumping and littering. Through
the coordinated efforts of more than 41,500 PA CleanWays
cleanup volunteers, over 10,100 tons of trash and 126,000 tires
have been removed from illegal dumpsites in Pennsylvania
and properly disposed. Through special collection events
sponsored by PA CleanWays chapters and affiliates, an
additional 255,000 tires and 24,000 appliances have been
properly disposed. Our experience indicates that local
involvement, partnerships, and support are vital to lasting
success in addressing illegal dumping and littering.
P A Clean Ways
105 West Fourth Street, Greensburg, PA 15601
Phone: 724-836-4121 -Toll Free: 877-772-3673
Fax: 724-836-1980 - www.pacleanways.org
Franklin County Illegal Dumpsite Survey
2009 Final Report
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
P A Clean Ways is a nonprofit organization that empowers people to eliminate illegal dumping
and littering in Pennsylvania through various education and environmental programs. P A
CleanWays' illegal dump surveys educate state, county, and local officials about the problem
of illegal dumping and provide valuable data about the dumpsites and the community in which
they reside to address the problem through cleanups, municipal waste collections, and recycling
programs.
Illegal dumpsite identification was completed by driving roads and contacting various
constituent groups such as municipal offices and community services, state agencies, and
environmental and conservation groups in the area. Limitations of the survey process included
poor visibility in high growth areas and surveyors not accessing private lands or high
crime/high risk areas. Due to these limitations, it is likely that there were additional dumpsites
not accounted for in this report. Farm dumps and private dumps were not included in the
survey. The survey process is to document sites where landowners have been the victim of
illegal dumping from other parties, not sites where they have been doing the dumping
themselves, or past owners did the dumping.
There were 128 dumpsites identified containing an estimated 180.5 tons of trash. Ninety-two
percent of the sites were determined to be active and 77% of the sites were located in a rural
area. Of22 municipalities in Franklin County, five municipalities have mandatory trash
collection. Fourteen of the municipalities (64%) within Franklin County have a curbside
recycling program in their community while 9 municipalities (41 %) have access to a recycling
drop off program. Nineteen municipalities (86%) have illegal dumping activity. Fifty sites
(39%) were located in municipalities without a curbside recycling program.
Sixty-two, or 48%, of the surveyed sites were in the vicinity (50 feet and within) of some sort
of waterway or body of water. Of those, 16 had waste materials directly in the waterway itself.
Hard-to-dispose of items, such as tires, construction and demolition waste, and other bulky
waste items were the most common waste type in the identified dumpsites. Recyclables,
including steel, bi-metallic and aluminum cans, glass, plastic bottles, newspaper, magazines,
and cardboard were also found, usually mixed with other materials.
Franklin County Illegal Dumpsite Survey
2009 Final Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXE C UT I VE SUM MARY ........ ....... ............ .......................................... .......... .......................... i
BA CK G ROUND ............................ ...... ....................... .................................................... ............ 1
PURPOSE OF ILLEGAL DUMP SURVEYS .........................................................................1
IMPACTS OF ILLEGAL DUMPING ......................................................................................1
S DR VE Y METHOD ......................................................... ............................. ................. ... ......... 2
DEFINITION OF AN ILLEGAL DUMPSITE...................................................................................2
SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT .................................................................................3
L I MI T A TI ON S .......... ............. ............. ................. ......... ............. .......................... .... ................... 3
F ARM/PRlV ATE DUMPING ........................................................................................................4
FRANKLIN COUNTY ILLEGAL DUMPSITE SURVEY AREA AND RESULTS........... 4
SUR VE Y AREA................ ................... .......................... ....................... ...... ................. ................ 4
SIT E C HA RA CT E RISTI CS .................................... ...................... ...... ...... .................. ................... 6
IMPACTS ON WATERWAYS .......................................................................................................6
WASTE C HARA eTE RIST I CS ........................................... .................... ...... ................................. 6
POSSIBLE CAUSES AND SOL UTI 0 NS ................................................................................6
POSS I BLE C A USES...... ...... ........................................ ...... ...... ........... ...... .................................... 7
POSS I BL E So L UT ION S .. ...... ............ ........................................ ..................... .............................. 8
S U MM.AR Y ..................................... ....... .................................................. ................................... 9
ATTACHMENTS
#1 Franklin County Illegal Dumpsites and Municipalities Map
#2 Franklin County Illegal Dumpsites and Population Density Map
#3 Franklin County Illegal Dumpsites and Environmental Features Map
#4 Illegal Dumpsite and Trash Collection by Municipality
#5 Illegal Dumpsite Survey Site Characteristics by Municipality
#6 Illegal Dumpsite Survey Waste Characteristics by Municipality
#7 Illegal Dumpsite Survey Summary Chart by County
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Franklin County Illegal Dumpsite Survey
2009 Final Report
BACKGROUND
P A Clean Ways is a nonprofit organization that empowers people to eliminate illegal dumping
and littering in Pennsylvania. Since 1990, P A Clean Ways has helped people who are ready to
take action against these destructive problems. By partnering with county and local officials,
concerned residents, and community organizations, tangible results can be seen within a
community through:
· organization of illegal dump and litter cleanups,
· adoption of local areas,
· prevention of future dumping by the watchful eyes of volunteer monitors,
· placement of physical deterrents, and,
· enforcement action when needed.
PA Clean Ways educates the public about proper waste disposal, recycling, and practical
alternatives to dumping and littering through the dissemination of literature, presentations, and
coordination of collection events for hard-to-dispose of items.
PURPOSE OF ILLEGAL DUMP SURVEYS
The purpose of the illegal dump survey was to assess and document as many illegal dumpsites
as possible within the county. Illegal dumping mostly occurs in remote and secluded places,
rural areas where few people live and the roads are less traveled. However, for many people
who are residents of an urban area, an illegal dump can often be found within a one-mile radius
of their home. Illegal dumping, within an urban context, has its own set of unique
characteristics. Overall, very few people are aware of the widespread problem of illegal
dumping.
The first step in developing an action plan against illegal dumping in a community is to
determine the extent of the illegal dumping problem. Once sites are identified, assessed, and
mapped, the data gathered can be used to:
· show that a problem does indeed exist,
· prioritize the sites and areas for cleanup and abatement,
· document problem materials within the dumpsites and develop plans for proper
disposal, and,
· provide a benchmark to measure cleanup progress.
The survey is also a tool that can be used for planning purposes within the community. It can
provide valuable insight into the development and enhancement of solid waste and recycling
programs. It can also be used to gain support for funding for public awareness programs and
education, as well as to generate funds to clean the existing dumpsites.
IMPACTS OF ILLEGAL DUMPING
Illegal dumping poses a direct threat to the health and safety of humans and animals. Illegal
dumping attracts disease-spreading rodents and mosquitoes by giving them a place to live and
Franklin County Illegal Dumpsite Survey
2009 Final Report
breed. West Nile Virus, carried by mosquitoes, has been a primary concern for environmental
officials. Illegal dumps also can be a source of physical injury for humans and animals due to
broken glass, rusty metals, and toxic substances.
Recently, a new threat has been added to illegal dumping. Methamphetamine labs, used to
produce the illegal drug crystal meth, are becoming more and more common. The materials
used to make the illegal drug are tossed along the roadsides in illegal dumps and are extremely
toxic.
Environmentally, illegal dumping pollutes our soil, surface, and groundwater supplies, as well
as the air we breathe if a site catches on fire. The emissions released by the burning plastics
and household hazardous waste can be extremely toxic. It is also aesthetically unpleasing and
ruins the beauty of natural areas, including many public places such as community parks and
state forests, parks, and game lands.
Economically, illegal dumps are expensive to clean up. Government agencies spend millions
annually on cleanup efforts. The estimated cost to clean up a site can be anywhere from $600
to over $1,000 per ton for clean up and removal. I
Illegal dumpsites can also impact property values, can be a liability for property owners, and
affect property purchases and transfers. Tourism revenue can also be affected by illegal dumps,
which project to tourists that trash is not a concern of the community or the persons living
there.
Illegal dumping also has social impacts on an area. When illegal dumping in neighborhoods
and communities becomes status quo, quality of life is impacted and low-level property crime
often increases.2 This is what is referred to as the "broken window theory" developed originally
by James Q. Wilson and George Kelling. The "broken window theory" suggests that
neighborhood strategies help to deter and reduce crime by the fast clean up of illejally dumped
items, litter, and spilled garbage, and by the prompt removal of disposed of items.
SURVEY METHOD
Definition of an Illegal Dumpsite
One of the primary goals of an illegal dump survey is to ultimately address the trash in our
communities; therefore, the following were considered illegal dumpsites and included in the
survey:
· Areas of concentrated trash,
· Areas of scattered trash that:
· are not considered roadside litter (bottles, fast food wrappers, cans, etc.)
IpA CleanWays averaged cost from multiple cleanups throughout 2004 & 2005.
2 Wilson, James Q., Kelling, George L., "Broken Windows", Atlantic Monthly, March 1982.
3 Henry G. Cisneros, "Defensible Space: Deterring Crime and Building Community", January 1995.
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Franklin County Illegal Dumpsite Survey
2009 Final Report
· appear to have new trash thrown on them occasionally (more than twice
a year)
· appear to have new trash thrown on them occasionally, but cleanup
maintenance is prevalent to prevent accumulation,
· Areas containing only piles of yard waste (grass, leaves, branches, trees, etc.). These
sites can often attract the dumping of other materials and can grow into major
dumpsites, and,
· Areas containing isolated or solitary items, such as 1 or 2 appliances or tires that mayor
may not be dumped on in the future.
Site Identification and Assessment
P A Clean Ways has learned through its experiences that, to effectively identify illegal
dumpsites in an area, it is necessary to physically travel the roadways. By focusing on high
probability areas for dump locations such as pull-offs, roads with hillsides, etc., efficient
surveying can be done on large areas within a short amount of time.
Preliminary data gathering was conducted by sending a letter to every municipality within the
county concerning the survey project. The letters detailed the survey purpose and plan, and
asked for known illegal dumpsites to be reported back to PA CleanWays. Letters were also
sent to environmental groups interested in conservation of this area, as well as to state agencies
such as the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Pennsylvania Department
of Conservation and Natural Resources, the Pennsylvania Game Commission, and the
Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. Follow up phone calls were made to each
municipality prior to beginning assessments in its area.
Once an illegal dumpsite was located, characteristics about the site itself were recorded and
documented on standard forms (a copy of the Illegal Dump Survey Assessment Form and
Instruction Sheet are available by contacting PA CleanWays). Pictures were also taken of the
illegal dumpsites to further document the problem. GPS coordinates were recorded for each
site in order to produce illegal dumpsite maps within the county based on municipalities,
population density, and environmental features (see Attachments 1,2, and 3).
Limitations
The primary limitation with road surveys is that they only permit discovery of sites visible from
the public right-of-way, therefore, only those sites were assessed by PA CleanWays. PA
Clean Ways did not enter private property to assess sites. It can be presumed that there are
significant numbers of illegal dumpsites out of sight on private property with limited access.
Because safety considerations were a priority for this project, areas were not assessed in high
crime/risk areas. Most surveying began after the foliage had thinned in the fall and visibility
improved, however, some site assessments were limited due to high vegetation and snowfall.
Due to cleanup efforts after surveying occurred, some sites in this report may no longer be
present.
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Franklin County Illegal Dumpsite Survey
2009 Final Report
Farm/Private Dumping
While PA Clean Ways strives to include as many illegal dumpsites in each county as possible,
there are two types of dumpsites we do not include in our reports; farm dumps and private
dumps. The survey process is to document sites where landowners have been the victim of
illegal dumping from other parties, not sites where they have been doing the dumping
themselves, or past owners did the dumping.
Farm dumping is still in practice today, although not to the extent it was decades ago.
Typically, there was not a disposal plan in place for many areas in the state, therefore farmers
disposed of their household garbage, empty chemical containers, yard waste, and other
unneeded materials somewhere on their property. A majority of to day's farmers have
unfortunately inherited farm dumps on their properties, although some continue the practice to
save money and time. Increased public awareness of environmental issues caused by
dumpsites has shed light on the reasons not to continue to use farm dumps. Without
regulations or enforcement in place to stop it, farm dumping is still an issue in Pennsylvania
and many other agricultural states in the U.S. To learn more about how farmers can clean their
own dumps and the legalities of farm dumping, contact the Penn State University Agricultural
& Biological Engineering Extension at 814-865-7685.4
Private dumpsites, ones that are put on the property by the owners, are also not included. These
include sites such as stockpiles of scrap, yard waste, household trash, and other things you may
find in an illegal dumpsite. Usually these sites are determined private by its proximity to a
residence, or marked private with no trespassing signs. There are many times when the
surveyor is not able to distinguish between a private site and an illegal dumpsite. In these cases,
the site is surveyed and sent to the PA CleanWays office where, based on the data gathered and
photos taken, it is determined whether to include it in the final report as an illegal dumpsite. If
a dumpsite in a published report is found to be a farm or private dumpsite, the site is
immediately removed from the report.
FRANKLIN COUNTY ILLEGAL DUMPSITE SURVEY AREA AND RESULTS
Survey Area
Franklin County encompasses 771.92 square miles and is located in the southcentral part of
Pennsylvania. The county is bordered by Juniata County to the north, Perry and Cumberland
Counties to the northeast, Adams County to the east, Frederick County, Maryland, to the
southeast, Washington County, Maryland, to the south, Fulton County to the west, and
Huntingdon County to the northwest. The county has four major watersheds within its
boundaries; the Conodoguinet Creek Watershed, the Tuscarora-Buffalo Creeks Watershed, the
Licking- Tonoloway Creeks Watershed, and the Conococheague-Antieam Creeks Watershed.
According to the Census Bureau, the 2000 census recorded the population as 129,313. The
median household income is $40,476. The per capita income is $19,339. The percentage of
individuals below poverty status is 7.6%, while 5.4% of families are below poverty status. The
4 Garthe, J. W. & Shufran, J. L. (1997). Farm Dumps: Problems and Solutions. Penn State Agricultural and
Biological Engineering. Retrieved from http://www.abe.psu.eduJextension/factsheets/c/C28.pdf.
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Franklin County Illegal Dumpsite Survey
2009 Final Report
national average is 12.4% for individuals and 9.1 % for families. The percent of high school
graduates or higher is 78.9%, which is lower than the state average of 81.9%.
Franklin County was established in 1784 from part of Cumberland County and named for
Benjamin Franklin. Chambersburg, the county seat, was also founded in 1784. Most ofthe
early settlers of Franklin County were Scots-Irish, German, and Welsh immigrants who were
establishing homesteads.
Many notable historical facts and individuals came out of Franklin County. James Buchanan,
our country's 15th president, was born in 1791 in a log cabin west of Mercers burg. The
surveyors, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, established the Mason and Dixon Line, to settle
a dispute between two landowning families as to where their property lines were. Later in
history, the Mason-Dixon Line became commonly referred to as the line between the North and
the South.
Chambersburg, the county seat, is best known for historical facts from the Civil War.
Abolitionist John Brown planned his raid on Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in Chambersburg in
1859. By 1862, the town was a strategic supply and hospital center for the Union. By 1863,
Confederate troops were camped all around Chambersburg. Confederate Generals Robert E.
Lee and A.P. Hill met in the center of town and made the decision to proceed to Gettysburg.
On July 30, 1864, Chambersburg was burned by Confederate forces. More than 500 buildings
were destroyed, but Chambers burg residents rebuilt the town. Franklin County also played an
important role in the Underground Railroad. It's location on the Mason-Dixon Line allowed
escaping slaves passage to the north, and the mountainous terrain gave numerous hiding places
in caves and wooded areas.
Today, Franklin County is known for its agricultural output. There are more than 241,500 acres
of land in Franklin County devoted to agriculture. In 2006, Franklin County ranked second in
the state in total agricultural cash receipts. Statewide, Franklin County ranks second in the
production of milk, cattle, apples, peaches, and com for silage. Manufacturing of industrial
machinery and textiles is also a large part of the economy.
Franklin County has many recreation and cultural opportunities as well. Outdoor recreational
opportunities include Whitetail Resort for skiing and golf, and Michaux Buchanan and
Tuscarora State Forests for hiking, biking, hunting, swimming, fishing and camping, as well as
Caledonia State Park. The Capitol Theatre, Totem Pole Playhouse, and H. Ric Lurs Performing
Arts Center at Shippensburg University have many venues in the arts for the surrounding
communities. In addition to these, Franklin County is within 30 minutes of historic Gettysburg
and Antietam National Military Parks.
In Pennsylvania, municipal solid waste (msw) includes municipal waste, sewage sludge,
construction and demolition waste, asbestos, and ash. In Franklin County, five municipalities
offer trash collection and fourteen of Franklin County's municipalities (64%) have a curbside
recycling program within their community. There are nine municipalities (41 %) that have
access to drop offlocations. Nineteen municipalities (86%) have illegal dumping activity. Fifty
sites were located in municipalities without a curbside recycling program (see Attachment 4).
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Franklin County Illegal Dumpsite Survey
2009 Final Report
In 2005, according to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Franklin
County reported a total of 112,502.31 tons of municipal solid waste generated. Of that total,
24,624.4 tons were recycled giving Franklin County a 22% recycling rate. The county has an
msw generation rate of 0.87 tons per person per year. The national average is 0.84 tons per
person per year.
Site Characteristics
The Franklin County survey resulted in the identification of 128 illegal dumpsites totaling more
than 180.5 tons of trash. The sites ranged in size from approximately .25 tons to 15 tons of
waste. A chart of Site Characteristics by Municipality can be found as Attachment 5 of this
report.
Of the 128 dump sites, 77% were in rural areas. The terrain of Franklin County is hilly.
Hillsides provide illegal dumpers with a convenient place for easy unloading. Ninety-two
percent of the sites were considered to be a continuous problem where dumping occurs
routinely. Nine sites (7%) had "No Dumping" signs present. All nine were active sites. Signs,
although effective in some areas, often send a message that this is a "safe" place to dump. In
some county surveys, the presence of signs resulted in the identification of sites that were not
visible from the road. Concerning visibility, 33% of the sites were visible and 53% were partly
visible from the road. This fact lends itself to the theory that illegally dumped trash will attract
more trash.
Impacts on Waterways
Of all the illegal dumpsites, those posing the most direct and obvious threat to the environment
were located in or near waterways. Sixty-two, or 48%, of the surveyed sites were in the
vicinity (50 feet and within) of some sort of waterway or body of water. Of those, 16 sites had
waste materials directly in the waterway itself (see Attachment 5). It should, however, be noted
that all illegal dumps contaminate our water supply.
Waste Characteristics
Franklin County illegal dumpsites contained a variety of waste types. In some areas, the
common presence of a waste type may indicate the need for a refuse/recycling program for that
particular material. Thirty-eight percent of the dumpsites found were located in a municipality
without a curbside recycling program. Although there was a variety of refuse found in the
illegal dumps, tires, construction and demolition waste, and other bulky waste items were the
most common waste type identified. Recyclables were also frequently found while surveying.
Recyclables are defined as steel, bi-metallic and aluminum cans, glass, plastic bottles,
newspaper, magazines, and cardboard. These were usually mixed with other materials. A chart
of the Waste Characteristics by Municipality can be found as Attachment 6, as well as a chart
showing Illegal Dumpsite Characteristics Summary by County as Attachment 7 of this report.
POSSIBLE CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS
Illegal dumping occurs in every county of the state. There are a multitude of reasons and
excuses why people dump: the cost or inconvenience of proper disposal; the lack of, or
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Franklin County Illegal Dumpsite Survey
2009 Final Report
frustration in, finding proper disposal options; lack of public education; profit making; the
result of other criminal activity or malicious mischief.
Possible Causes
· Municipal curbside trash collection is unavailable
Because it is not mandated by the state, trash collection options are dependent
on the city or municipal government. As many rural and small-town
municipalities lack funding for mandatory trash collection, it is up to the
resident to pay for trash collection. Communities that depend on private
subscription for waste collection services have reported greater dumping
problems. Inherent inefficiencies and associated higher costs exist in almost all
private subscription systems because trucks must travel long distances between
customers.5
· Recycling programs are unavailable or inconvenient
Act 101 dictates that all communities with populations over 10,000, and densely
populated municipalities between 5,000 and 10,000, have recycling programs.
Communities that fall outside of these parameters must pay for recycling on
their own. Depending on the county, many or all of these communities don't
have funding to support a curbside recycling program. Curbside recycling
communities have reported a lower incidence of residential waste accumulation
problems and a slightly lower incidence of dumping problems.6
· Disposal of Construction and Demolition debris (C&D)
C&D debris is a serious solid waste management issue because of the amount
that is generated each year, along with the lack of convenient and or affordable
disposal options available. C&D debris is often found in illegal dumps and
creates a compounded problem because some of the materials may be
hazardous, such as wood that has been chemically treated or painted with lead
based paint, insulation containing asbestos, or shingles.
· Shortage of enforcement
Unfortunately, many communities cannot devote people and resources to
effectively deal with illegal dumping. As a result, dumpers do not fear
prosecution and have no reason to stop their habits.
· Education
Illegal dumping has been a learned habit for many. Prior to anti - dumping
laws, it was common practice to use open town dumps, bum or bury trash, or
dump in a convenient out ofthe way area. Today we know the harmful effects
from illegal dumping. Education is key to diminish the habits learned and teach
the public proper and safe disposal practices.
5 PA CleanWays and PROP, "Factors Influencing Illegal Dumping in Pennsylvania Communities", Spring 2001.
6 PA CleanWays and PROP, "Factors Influencing Illegal Dumping in Pennsylvania Communities", Spring 2001.
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Franklin County Illegal Dumpsite Survey
2009 Final Report
Possible Solutions
· Organize a cleanup
Cleanups are an effective way to combat littering and illegal dumping.
Cleanups help to build ownership, restore community pride, and send a message
that dumping will no longer be tolerated.
· Organize a special collection event
Special one-day collection events are worthwhile. These special collection
opportunities are very effective when routinely offered, such as each spring or
fall as a community cleanup day, but are also successful when offered as
community resources permit. These special collections commonly target hard-
to-dispose of materials such as tires, appliances, scrap metal, computers,
electronics, and household hazardous waste. Most of these items account for
what is found in illegal dumps.
· Physical deterrents
The placing of guard rails or mounds of dirt at pull-off areas, as well as the
planting of trees, can help provide a barrier that will limit accessibility to a site
for future dumping.
· Site monitoring and maintenance
It is important to monitor a site after an area has been cleaned in order to watch
for subsequent dumping or littering, to keep the site clean, and to report any
incriminating evidence to the proper enforcement agency. Keeping the site
clean makes it easier to spot new trash and discourages subsequent dumping,
since trash attracts trash.
Enforcement, with site monitor support, effectively decreases the incidents of
dumping and littering. When word gets out that dumping activity will not be
tolerated and violators will be caught and prosecuted, dumping decreases.
· Community education
Intentional illegal dumping and littering are social problems that require a shift
in attitudes and practices. Education is the key to changing values, habits, and
attitudes. Education programs should be tailored to inform the community and
can take many forms, such as, school/community presentations, press releases,
radio and newspaper ads, and publications.
· Enforcement of existing laws
Any improper disposal of trash is illegal and violators can be prosecuted.
Numerous Pennsylvania agencies enforce laws addressing improper disposal of
trash. The Pennsylvania General Assembly creates and enacts our littering and
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Franklin County Illegal Dumpsite Survey
2009 Final Report
dumping laws.7 County and municipal governments create and enact ordinances
that are specific within their local boundaries.
SUMMARY
This survey accounted for 128 illegal dumpsites in Franklin County consisting of 180.5 tons of
trash. This is not a comprehensive survey of the entire county as it is expected that there are
many more illegal dumpsites on private lands and farms, as well as ones on public lands that
have gone undetected. However, the documentation and assessment of these 128 sites in
Franklin County is a strong step forward in the fight against illegal dumping in Pennsylvania.
By providing the needed data to address the problem of illegal dumping, constituents can begin
doing so through public policy, resource allocation, community education, and cleanups.
7 Read about the Pennsylvania Code at www.pacode.com.
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Attachment 4
Illegal Dumpsites and Trash Collection by Municipality**
Municipality Illegal Dumpsites Calculated Tons. Trash Collection Curbside Recycling Drop Off Recyclin!
Antrim T ownshio 12 22 X X
Chambersbura Borouah 2 4 X X
Fannelt Township 12 23.25 X
Greencastle Borouoh 1 1.5 X
Greene Townshio 8 20.75 X
Guilford Township 7 6.5 X
Hamilton Township 6 6.5 X
Letterkenny Townshio 7 8.5
Luroan Townshio 2 1.5
Mercersburo Borouoh 2 2 X X
Metal Township 3 4 X
Mont Alto BoroUcih 0 0 X X
Montoomerv Townshio 15 13.25 X
Orrstown Borouah 0 0
Peters TownshlD 9 16.25 X
Quincy Townshio 11 13 X
SI. Thomas Township 4 5.5 X
Shiooensbura Borouah 0 0 X X
Southamoton Townshio 2 1 X
Warren Township 3 3 X X X
Washinaton Townshio 17 24 X X
Waynesboro Borouoh 5 4 X X
Eighty-sIx percent of Franklin County's municipalities have Illegal dumping activity.
Five of Franklin County's municipalities have trash collection.
Fourteen of Franklin County's municipalities have a curbside recycling program.
Thirty-nine percent of the sites were located In munlclpalltes without a curbside recycling program.
-Quantities assessed at time of survey were estimates based on what was visible.
--Information concerning mandatory trash collection, curbside recycling, and drop off recycling Is deemed correct at time of printing and cannot be guaranteed due to chanl
In ordinances and funding In each Individual municipality. Data was gathered through phone calls to each municipality, county solid waste specialists, county recycling
coordinators, and data taken from DEP's Recycling Page Resources.
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Attachment 7
Illegal Dumpsite Characteristics Summary Chart by County
>- C)
Dumpsite Characteristics c c ,~ "0
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Total Sites Surveyed 202 116 176 128 100 217 56 102 39 82
Estimated Tons 344 218 585 870 185 317 128 263 382 115
Location Demographics
Rural 15% 94% 99% 90% 73% 88% 96% 100% 100% 95%
Suburban 70% 6% 1% 10% 25% 11% 4% 0% 0% 5%
Urban 15% 0% 0% 0% 2% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Visible from Road
Yes 62% 35% 37% 70% 63% 60% 73% 52% 85% 48%
No 11% 22% 11% 7% 10% 6% 7% 13% 2% 33%
Partial 27% 42% 52% 23% 27% 34% 20% 35% 13% 19%
Distance from Waterway
Directly In
WaterwavlWetlands 24% 9% 14% 6% 7% 16% 5% 6% 12% 6%
Within 50 Feet and/or Directly
in WaterwavlWetlands 45% 35% 32% 22% 37% 27% 16% 15% 32% 43%
Over 50 Feet or No Waterway 55% 65% 68% 78% 63% 73% 13% 85% 68% 57%
Road Type
State 37% 22% 8% 24% 18% 3% 18% 6% 13% 6%
Municipal/County 49% 64% 90% 73% 81% 97% 67% 93% 87% 93%
Forest/Park 0% 13% 1% 0% 1% 0% 13% 1% 0% 1%
Private/Undetermined 14% 1% 1% 3% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0%
Terrain
Flat 52% 65% 10% 24% 30% 15% 32% 12% 23% 28%
Gently Sloped 22% 22% 20% 31% 24% 29% 27% 26% 41% 28%
Medium Sloped 14% 10% 28% 18% 28% 33% 20% 27% 23% 24%
Steep 12% 3% 52% 27% 18% 23% 21% 34% 13% 20%
Attachment 7
Illegal Dumpsite Characteristics Summary Chart by County
'C
c::
Dumpsite Characteristics co
1: c:: CI) ,E co
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Total Sites Surveyed 37 138 79 83 163 15 128 19 49 114
Estimated Tons 132 468 119 121 736 64 181 169 450 680
Location Demographics
Rural 78% 61% 96% 71% 93% 100% 77% 100% 100% 99%
Suburban 19% 16% 1% 16% 7% 0% 13% 0% 0% 1%
Urban 3% 23% 3% 13% 0% 0% 10% 0% 0% 0%
Visible from Road
Yes 46% 53% 71% 53% 73% 33% 33% 90% 84% 53%
No 11% 10% 8% 27% 10% 34% 14% 5% 8% 31%
Partial 43% 37% 21% 20% 17% 33% 53% 5% 8% 16%
Distance from Waterway
Directly In
Waterwav/Wetlands 11% 10% 7% 19% 16% 0% 13% 0% 8% 15%
Within 50 Feet and/or Directly
in Waterwav/Wetlands 24% 25% 23% 30% 37% 13% 49% 5% 22% 37%
Over 50 Feet or No Waterway 76% 75% 77% 70% 63% 87% 51% 95% 78% 63%
Road Type
State 11% 8% 23% 20% 24% 33% 23% 47% 4% 4%
Municipal/County 89% 76% 66% 78% 72% 40% 64% 48% 94% 90%
Forest/Park 0% 0% 7% 0% 0% 27% 12% 5% 0% 0%
Private/Undetermined 0% 16% 4% 2% 4% 0% 1% 0% 2% 6%
Terrain
Flat 14% 46% 26% 45% 32% 40% 36% 26% 22% 25%
Gently Sloped 32% 20% 37% 22% 17% 0% 35% 10% 29% 20%
Medium Sloped 32% 9% 23% 14% 21% 20% 14% 32% 27% 28%
Steep 22% 25% 14% 19% 30% 40% 14% 32% 22% 27%
Attachment 7
Illegal Dumpsite Characteristics Summary Chart by County
"0
C
ClS
ClS ~ 't:
c CI) CI)
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Dumpsite Characteristics c ClS S u E E
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Total Sites Surveyed 67 92 16 31 159 73 143 19 125 105
Estimated Tons 541 424 74 112 1723 165.5 154 17 1634 107
Location Demographics
Rural 100% 45% 87% 68% 75% 100% 99% 68% 99% 100%
Suburban 0% 30% 13% 19% 23% 0% 1% 11% 1% 0%
Urban 0% 25% 0% 13% 2% 0% 0% 21% 0% 0%
Visible from Road
Yes 85% 66% 56% 71% 59% 52% 60% 84% 62% 79%
No 15% 8% 6% 3% 18% 29% 13% 0% 8% 9%
Partial 0% 26% 38% 26% 23% 19% 27% 16% 30% 12%
Distance from Waterway
Directly In
Waterway/Wetlands 12% 7% 13% 26% 5% 12% 13% 0% 11% 5%
Within 50 Feet and/or Directly
in Waterwav/Wetlands 25% 23% 31% 48% 11% 26% 34% 16% 19% 39%
Over 50 Feet or No Waterway 75% 77% 69% 52% 89% 74% 66% 84% 81% 61%
Road Type
State 14% 32% 6% 20% 32% 29% 5% 11% 16% 23%
Municipal/County 82% 68% 88% 74% 32% 60% 94% 89% 50% 77%
Forest/Park 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 11% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Private/U ndetermi ned 4% 0% 6% 3% 36% 0% 1% 0% 34% 0%
Terrain
Flat 54% 47% 44% 32% 40% 10% 55% 79% 31% 29%
Gently Sloped 25% 15% 19% 19% 32% 31% 20% 0% 29% 34%
Medium Sloped 9% 13% 25% 23% 17% 18% 18% 0% 18% 17%
Steep 12% 25% 12% 26% 11% 41% 7% 21% 22% 20%
Attachment 7
Illegal Dumpsite Characteristics Summary Chart by County
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Total Sites Surveyed 74 45 210 174 59 126 310
Estimated Tons 523 58 543 386 292 317 335
Location Demographics
Rural 96% 0% 95% 98% 95% 100% 89%
Suburban 4% 0% 5% 2% 5% 0% 8%
Urban 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 3%
Visible from Road
Yes 47% 56% 42% 90% 49% 60% 83%
No 7% 11% 22% 2% 12% 27% 6%
Partial 46% 33% 36% 8% 39% 13% 11%
Distance from Waterway
Directly In
WaterwavlWetlands 5% 16% 5% 13% 7% 6% 31%
Within 50 Feet and/or Directly
in WaterwaylWetlands 28% 36% 15% 44% 15% 41% 44%
Over 50 Feet or No Waterway 72% 64% 85% 56% 84% 59% 56%
Road Type
State 42% 40% 27% 19% 14% 77% 26%
Municipal/County 58% 60% 72% 78% 76% 23% 73%
Forest/Park 0% 0% 1% 3% 10% 0% >1%
Private/U ndetermined 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1%
Terrain
Flat 43% 47% 33% 26% 25% 48% 24%
Gently Sloped 23% 31% 20% 23% 14% 43% 25%
Medium Sloped 14% 7% 23% 25% 24% 7% 26%
Steep 20% 15% 24% 26% 37% 2% 25%
.------.---------........
Franklin County Illegal Dumpsite Survey
2009 Final Report
Franklin County Illegal Dumpsite Survey
AcknowledgenLents
produced by PA CleanWays
Bonnie Anderberg, Surveyor, PA CleanWays
Bill Fennel, Surveyor, PA CleanWays
Yongfei Zao, University Center for Social and Urban Research, University of Pittsburgh
A special thanks to the rest of the PA CleanWays staff for their various contributions of
report design, data management, and editing.
This report was produced with funding through:
A grant from the Department of Environmental Protection
9 e~~N~~~~~~~~O~CTlON
PA
CleonWoys
P A Clean Ways
105 West Fourth Street, Greensburg, PA 15601
Phone: 724-836-4121 . Toll Free: 877-772-3673
Fax: 724-836-1980. www.pacleanways.org
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